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1
Zhai, Jun, i Fanbin Kong. "The Impact of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization on CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Jiangsu, China, at the County Level". Sustainability 16, nr 7 (4.04.2024): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16073005.
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Understanding the underlying mechanism of how various dimensions of urbanization affect CO2 emissions could be helpful for achieving the goal of low-carbon cities in China. However, previous research has seldomly examined this relationship granularly in economically developed regions at the micro level, nor did they examine the mediating effects of economic development, industrial structure, and coal consumption. Using the panel dataset of 80 counties from 2002 to 2021 at the county level in Jiangsu, China, this study investigates the direct and indirect effects of population, economic, and land urbanizations on CO2 emissions in Jiangsu province and examines the regional heterogeneity. The findings indicate that population and economic urbanization have positive impacts on CO2 emissions, whereas land urbanization has insignificant effects. This finding is supported by various robustness tests. Population and economic urbanizations are found to have significantly positive impacts on CO2 emissions in the southern and northern Jiangsu regions, whereas none of the three dimensions are significant in the middle Jiangsu region. Economic urbanization contributes the most to CO2 emissions in southern Jiangsu. In addition, our results indicate that multi-dimensional urbanizations affect CO2 emissions through the mediating roles of economic development, industrial structure, and coal consumption. Our analysis shed some insights into the nuanced relationship between multi-dimensional urbanization and carbon emissions, which could contribute to sustainable urban transformation.
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Wong, David W. H., Harry F. Lee, Simon X. B. Zhao i Andy C. L. Tai. "Post-2008 Fiscal Stimulus Packages and the Driving Forces for China’s Urbanization". Land 11, nr 12 (15.12.2022): 2303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122303.
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A growing body of research has sought to determine how different factors have affected urbanization in developed countries over the past decades. Yet, few studies have systematically examined urbanization’s driving forces, particularly in emerging economies. In 2008–2009, the Chinese government announced an economic stimulus program to revitalize an economy struck by the 2007–2008 Global Financial Crisis. This study aims to identify how urbanization’s driving forces evolved under a drastic change in fiscal policy and revisit the conventional urbanization theories in the Chinese context. Using a dataset covering 31 Chinese provinces and spanning the periods 2005–2011 and 2013–2015, we employ panel data regressions to analyze whether such a fiscal arrangement affected urbanization in China. Throughout the entire period, the fiscal stimulus program caused a change in the drivers for urbanization at the national and regional levels. Before the implementation of the program, industrialization drove urbanization. After the program’s implementation, land financialization was crucial in promoting urbanization across the country. Our findings challenge the conventional urbanization theory—industrialization is always the primary driving force of urbanization in emerging economies. Land financialization, a kind of tertiary production, can also drive urbanization significantly.
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Reddy, Rajyashree N. "The urban under erasure: Towards a postcolonial critique of planetary urbanization". Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 36, nr 3 (14.12.2017): 529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775817744220.
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In my engagement with the planetary urbanization thesis, I make three main interventions: (1) I emphasize the pioneering contributions that postcolonial and relational geographical approaches have made to planetary thought long before the recent planetary turn in urban studies; (2) I underscore the disconcerting ethico-political implications of planetary urbanization's will to map the “extended landscapes” of urbanization and its reduction of contemporary planetary condition to the imperatives of capitalist urbanization; and (3) I offer the deconstructive strategy of writing “under erasure” that puts both the city and urbanization under erasure to highlight the blind spots of planetary urbanization. Then to demonstrate the value of writing under erasure, I focus upon waste – as both material and semiotic artifact of capitalist urbanization – and offer a “supplementary reading” of Bangalore that sketches the multiple constitutive outsides of the city, which in turn make empirically evident the stakes of planetary urbanization's occlusions. I conclude by suggesting that proponents of planetary urbanization and urban studies more broadly embrace writing under erasure as a useful epistemological orientation to build better theories of the urban.
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Jia, Kai, Ailin Huang, Xiaoling Yin, Ji Yang, Liming Deng i Zhuoling Lin. "Investigating the Impact of Urbanization on Water Ecosystem Services in the Dongjiang River Basin: A Spatial Analysis". Remote Sensing 15, nr 9 (25.04.2023): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092265.
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The expansion of urban areas has resulted in a substantial increase in demand for water ecosystem services. To address this issue, this study aims to investigate how the interaction between urbanization and water ecosystem services changed in response to different levels of urbanization in the Dongjiang River Basin from 1985 to 2020. The research examines four water ecosystem services (water yield, soil retention, and water purifications of N and P) and three types of urbanizations (population urbanization, economic urbanization, and land urbanization) to identify spatial heterogeneities among developed urban areas, developing urban areas, and rural regions, as well as their dynamic interactions. The findings indicate that water ecosystem services and urbanizations tend to be spatially polarized, with high values downstream and low values upstream. Although they have become more closely aligned, there is a local mismatch under basin-level homogeneity. Urbanization has migrated and centralized in a southward direction, while water ecosystem services have moved westward. This difference of migration results in an increasing trade-off in the west band of Dongjiang River. In particular, the developing urban area has been strengthening the function of the transition zone between the developed urban area and rural area, resulting in a dramatic decrease in synergy. The synergy of the rural area dominates the increasing synergy of the entire basin, but the developed urban area tends to lower the water ecosystem services that lag behind urbanization. The study recommends that policymakers consider different urban levels when developing urbanization plans and water resource management strategies, and implement measures to maintain the synergy in the rural area and mitigate the trade-off in the developing area.
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Li, Xuyang, Tongping Li, Hui Li, Junmei Qi i Linjie Hu. "Research on the Online Consumption Effect of China’s Urbanization under Population Aging Background". Sustainability 11, nr 16 (12.08.2019): 4349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164349.
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With the development of e-commerce, online consumption—a new sustainable consumption mode—has rapidly developed. Online shopping has become an important consumption method for Chinese residents, and the era of online consumption has arrived. Urbanization is an important foundation for the development of online consumption, and its impact on online consumption is becoming increasingly important. In addition, with the decline of fertility in China, the proportion of the elderly population is increasing. As the macro background of the current economic operation of China, population aging has long been a concern of the government. However, the existing research on urbanization, population aging and online consumption is insufficient. In this context, this study is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of the online consumption mode and enrich the theory of resident consumption in the era of the network economy. In this paper, by adopting the system generalized method of moments (GMM), we conducted an empirical analysis of the relationship between urbanization, population aging, and online consumption, based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2007 to 2017. Furthermore, we examined the regional heterogeneity of urbanization’s online consumption effect. The results reveal that, first, urbanization has a positive relationship with online consumption. Second, urbanization’s online consumption effect has regional differences, with the largest positive effect being in the western area of China, the second in the eastern area of China and the smallest in the central area of China. Third, aging inhibits the development of online consumption. Specifically, it mainly includes two aspects. On the one hand, aging has a direct negative impact on online consumption. On the other hand, aging has a moderating effect on urbanization’s online consumption effect, which weakens the impact of urbanization. The rising of urban residents’ income has significant explanatory power to the change of online consumption in the eastern and western regions. Therefore, the policy implications are as follows: promoting the strategic transformation of urbanization, giving full play to the online consumption effect of urbanization; adjusting and improving population policy to cope with the population aging; constantly raising people’s income level and enhancing consumption potential.
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Ching, Feng, i Xiao-Mei Liu. "An analysis of the new urbanization’s ecological driving factor on the environment: based on the LMDI method". Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 3, nr 3 (22.12.2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i3.246335.
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The new urbanization policy emphasizes ecosystem friendliness. However, there is little research on new urbanization's effect on the ecological environment. This paper builds the LMDI model to decompose the ecological environment into three aspects: green area, wastewater discharge, and industrial solid waste production, to analyze the urbanization driving effect of Fujian Province in 2011-2018. The results show that the green area will increase due to economic-driven and urbanization-driven influences. Land-use-driven will cut down Wastewater discharge and waste generation. Among them, the economic-driven and land-use-driven have opposite effects.
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Singh, Ramesh Prasad, i Januka Dhakal. "Problems and Prospects of Urbanization in Kathmandu Valley". International Journal of Atharva 2, nr 1 (12.03.2024): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ija.v2i1.62821.
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The capital of Nepal, Kathmandu, is undergoing rapid urbanization with issues like overcrowding, infrastructure strain, and environmental challenges. Informal settlements highlight resource disparities. The study explores urbanization's impact on cultural identity and social dynamics. Effective governance is crucial for managing urbanization and promoting social inclusion, but Nepal faces challenges like slow law implementation and corruption. Governance is pivotal for development, addressing issues like corruption and law enforcement. Despite challenges, urbanization presents opportunities for new industries and social services. The study aims to identify prospects for sustainable urbanization in Kathmandu, emphasizing green infrastructure, sustainable transportation, and community-based initiatives. A sociological perspective aids in understanding social dynamics and potential opportunities arising from urban growth.
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Swiney, Chrystie. "The Urbanization of International Law and International Relations: The Rising Soft Power of Cities in Global Governance". Michigan Journal of International Law, nr 41.2 (2020): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.36642/mjil.41.2.urbanization.
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This article examines the rising influence of cities in global governance and on international law, despite the existing international legal and political framework, which is designed to exclude them. It explores the various strategies and tools utilized by city leaders to leapfrog over their national counterparts in order to autonomously access the international policymaking and law-making world. These include (1) coalescing together to form large networks, which engage in city or “glocal” diplomacy; (2) allying with well-connected and well-resourced international organizations; (3) gaining inclusion in UN multilateral agendas; (4) mirroring state-based coalitions and their high-profile events; (5) harnessing the language of international law (especially international human rights and environmental law) to advance agendas at odds with their national counterparts; and (6) adopting resolutions, declarations, and voluntarily self-policed commitments––what I refer to as “global law.” The paper argues that the existing concepts and frameworks that we use to explain the international political and legal world order––concepts that inhere in international legal literature and in international relations theory––are ill-equipped to conceptualize the changing status of cities, as well as other sub-national actors, in global politics. The article concludes by offering a new framework, with new concepts and updated verbiage, for understanding the changing relationship of cities to both international law and international relations, a framework I refer to as the “Urbanization of Global Relations.”
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Jazeel, Tariq. "Urban theory with an outside". Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 36, nr 3 (5.05.2017): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775817707968.
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This paper critically engages planetary urbanization’s claim that it generates ‘Urban Theory Without an Outside’. It argues planetary urbanization is part of the broader ideological terrain of urban studies whose textual field reifies the city, the urban and urbanization as objects and processes of analyses through a kind of ‘methodological urbanization’. The paper argues the conceptual and political value of delineating views from outside urban studies and planetary urbanization – in particular from domains like area studies – that unmoor the primacy of the city, the urban and particularly urbanization in understandings of socio-spatial processes across planetary space. It suggests how these perspectives can usefully act as ‘supplements’ indifferent to urban studies, reminding urban studies of the limits of its own forms of knowledge production in relation to socio-spatial process and city formation. To do this, the paper sketches an anti-colonial history of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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Zhang, Kaize, Juqin Shen, Ran He, Bihang Fan i Han Han. "Dynamic Analysis of the Coupling Coordination Relationship between Urbanization and Water Resource Security and Its Obstacle Factor". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 23 (28.11.2019): 4765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234765.
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Water resource security is an important condition for socio-economic development. Recently, the process of urbanization brings increasing pressures on water resources. Thus, a good understanding of harmonious development of urbanization and water resource security (WRS) systems is necessary. This paper examined the coordination state between urbanization and WRS and its obstacle factors in Beijing city, utilizing the improved coupling coordination degree (ICCD) model, obstacle degree model, and indicator data from 2008 to 2017. Results indicated that: (1) The coupling coordination degree between WRS and urbanization displayed an overall upward tendency during the 2008–2017 period; the coupling coordination state has changed from an imbalanced state into a good coordination state, experiencing from a high-speed development stage (2008–2010), through a steady growth stage (2010–2014), towards a low-speed growth (2014–2017). (2) In urbanization system, both the social and spatial urbanizations have the greatest obstruction to the development of urbanization-WRS system. The subsystems of pressure and state are the domain obstacle subsystems in WRS system. These results can provide important support for urban planning and water resource protection in the future, and hold great significance for urban sustainable development.
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Gurbanalieva, Khulkar Ismailovna. "Sociological Analysis Of The Process Of Urbanization (Urbanization)". American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, nr 04 (30.04.2021): 754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue04-121.
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This article is based on the fact that the process of urbanization is carried out intensively in almost all countries of the world, and this situation is necessary to continue the study. It is also written that sociological analysis involves the need to apply an environmental approach and the experience of foreign scientists to include. The problem of studying of process of urbanizatsion and its positive, negative sides is proved in this article. The bias on development of ecological approach in development of the industrial cities and the complex solution of problems is given.
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Li, Xin, Bin Fang, Mengru Yin, Tao Jin i Xin Xu. "Multi-Dimensional Urbanization Coordinated Evolution Process and Ecological Risk Response in the Yangtze River Delta". Land 11, nr 5 (11.05.2022): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050723.
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The dislocated development of population, land, and economy will disturb the urban system, cause ecological risk problems, and ultimately affect regional habitat and quality development. Based on social statistics and nighttime lighting data from 2000 to 2018, we used mathematical statistics and spatial analysis methods to analyze the change process of urbanization’s coupling coordination degree and ecological risk response pattern in the Yangtze River Delta. Results show that: ① From 2000 to 2018, the coupling coordination degree of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta increased, with high values in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou regions. ② The ecological risk in the Yangtze River Delta weakened, and the vulnerability and disturbance of landscape components together constitute the spatial differentiation pattern of regional ecological risk, which presented homogeneous aggregation and heterogeneous isolation. ③ The overall ecological stress of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta decreased. ④ The population aggregation degree, socio-economic development level and built-up area expansion trend contributed to the spatiotemporal differentiation of urbanization’s ecological risks through the synergistic effects of factor concentration and diffusion, population quality cultivation and improvement, technological progress and dispersion, industrial structure adjustment and upgrading. This study can provide a reference for regional urbanization to deal with ecological risks reasonably and achieve high-quality development.
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Li, Xinguang, i Ridong Hu. "Testing Non-linear Effect of Urbanization on Economic Growth in China — Based on the Aspect of Financial Deepening". Acta Oeconomica 65, s2 (grudzień 2015): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.65.2015.s2.3.
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Smooth Transition Regression Model (STR) is applied to analyze the non-linear effect of urbanization on economic growth in this study. By collecting relevant variable data in 1978–2012, financial deepening is selected as the transition variable to construct the STR Model which could reflect the dynamic change of urbanizational economic growth effect. The result shows that urbanizational economic growth effect should present the characteristics of threshold and could be described with non-linear Smooth Transition Model (LSTR1). Meanwhile, the urbanizational economic growth effect should reveal asymmetry, in which the research findings show contemporary financial deepening (FISt) as a factor. Specifically, the linear feature appears when the FISt is lower than 0.3792 (before 1990), while it reveals non-linearity when the FISt exceeds 0.3792 (after 1990), and the non-linearity becomes the major factor in the urbanizational economic growth effect after 1990.
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CHEN, Ying, Liyong LIU i Ying ZHANG. "China’s Urbanization and Carbon Emissions Peak". Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 03, nr 03 (wrzesień 2015): 1550021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748115500219.
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With the increase of urban population around the world, the massive construction of urban infrastructure and residential housing is hard to avoid. Urbanization has become a major factor that influences carbon emissions instead of a secondary factor due to more and more energy consumption and carbon emissions caused by the economic activities related to urbanization. China is in a stage of rapid development of urbanization, and urban construction has a huge potential demand for steel and iron, cement, and other high energy-consuming products, and thus the development of urbanization in the future will bring great challenge to the realization of China’s carbon emissions peak. Through the exploration and the analysis of the mechanism of urbanization’s impact on carbon emissions and the experience of urbanization development in developed countries, this paper summarizes the general evolving rules of carbon emissions peak along with the development of urbanization, defines the present stage of our country and briefly analyzes the arrival of China’s carbon emissions peak in the future. During the process of China’s new-type urbanization development in the future, we should make a scientific planning integrated with low-carbon concept from the demographic, social, economic, spatial structure, technical, and other dimensions, in order to reduce the impact of urbanization development on carbon emissions and realize the carbon emissions peak of China early.
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TYAGI, SANDEEP K., VIKAS KUMAR, KULDEEP KUMAR i DHARMENDRA KUMAR. "ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH QUALITY AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF URBANIZATION: A REVIEW". International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 10, nr 5 (30.05.2023): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2023.v10i05.003.
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Urbanization is a worldwide trend that has changed economies, landscapes, and communities. It alludes to the process of population concentration in urban regions, which fosters the development of cities and the enlargement of their infrastructure. This article highlights the effects of urbanization on numerous facets of society along with urbanization's causes, products, and implications. Push and pull variables work together to cause urbanization. People are pushed out of rural regions by various circumstances, including a lack of work prospects, poor agricultural production, poverty, and natural catastrophes. Factors that attract people, on the other side, are the allures and possibilities provided by metropolitan regions, such as increased career chances, access to healthcare, education, and attributes of life enhancements. Urbanization has a serious effect on environmental health quality, both positive and negative. While urban areas can provide numerous economic and social opportunities, they also place considerable stress on the environment, leading to various environmental health challenges.
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William, Alex. "Assessment of Urbanization Implications in Water Management around Lake Victoria: Case Study Mwanza". Journal of Water Resources, Engineering, Management and Policy 1, nr 1 (28.12.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56542/mow.jwempo.1.1.2.
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This study assesses urbanization implications in water management around Lake Victoria in Mwanza. The study was conducted in Nyamagana and Misungwi districts by the use of data collected from April 2020 to June 2021. A total of 200 respondents participated in this study. The findings showed that, urbanization which is associated with various socio-economic activities caused destruction and pollution of water sources and the general ecosystem around Lake Victoria ecosystem. It concluded that, there was a direct relationship between urbanizations, pollution and degradation of the physical environment around Lake Victoria. The study recommended that land use plan and management must be applied to mobilize, facilitate and motivate local community based groups for participatory waste and overall water and land resources management around Lake Victoria basin
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William, Alex. "Assessment of Urbanization Implications in Water Management around Lake Victoria: Case Study Mwanza". Journal of Water Resources, Engineering, Management and Policy 1, nr 1 (22.09.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56542/wi.jwempo.v1.i1.a2.2022.
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This study assesses urbanization implications in water management around Lake Victoria in Mwanza. The study was conducted in Nyamagana and Misungwi districts by the use of data collected from April 2020 to June 2021. A total of 200 respondents participated in this study. The findings showed that, urbanization which is associated with various socio-economic activities caused destruction and pollution of water sources and the general ecosystem around Lake Victoria ecosystem. It concluded that, there was a direct relationship between urbanizations, pollution and degradation of the physical environment around Lake Victoria. The study recommended that land use plan and management must be applied to mobilize, facilitate and motivate local community based groups for participatory waste and overall water and land resources management around Lake Victoria basin
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Nong, Duong H., An T. Ngo, Cong H. Vo i Tien X. Nguyen. "Application of GIS to monitor the impact of urbanization on surface water quality in Kim Dong district, Hung Yen province, Vietnam". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1345, nr 1 (1.05.2024): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1345/1/012004.
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Abstract Rapid urbanization profoundly affects surface water quality in lower-income countries, often extending pressure on resources beyond urban areas. This study assesses the impact of urbanization on surface water quality in Kim Dong district, highlighting its broader implications for the Red River Delta. The demands of urban systems significantly strain natural resources, notably water, impacting both human consumption and environmental sustainability. With a focus on less developed regions where water infrastructure may be limited, ensuring sufficient water supply as these areas grow presents a complex challenge. The economic and population growth in Kim Dong district has heightened water demand in recent years. Despite ample water sources, Kim Dong district is facing surface water pollution, leading to shortages for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use. This study aims to evaluate surface water quality using the Water Quality Index (WQI) and examine urbanization’s impact, employing GIS to map pollution loads across communes. Results of the study reveal significant water quality deterioration, notably in areas with high population density and industrial concentration, causing severe pollutant loads in rivers. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Discriminant Analysis (DA) was utilized to classify communes into three distinct clusters based on pollutant loads, emphasizing Luong Bang town and adjacent communes as high-load areas. The study demonstrates a strong positive correlation between population density and pollutant loads, indicating the profound impact of urbanization on water quality. Our research calls for strict monitoring of discharge sources, especially from industries and residential areas, emphasizing compliance with environmental regulations. It recommends regular drainage system maintenance, comprehensive environmental assessments for future development plans, and consistent efforts to mitigate urbanization’s adverse effects on surface water in Kim Dong district. These measures aim to sustainably manage water resources and safeguard environmental integrity amidst rapid urbanization.
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Zhu, Penghu, i Boqiang Lin. "Revisiting the Effect of Urbanization on Residential Electricity Consumption". Journal of Global Information Management 30, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.314788.
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Under the background of electrification, it is significant to explore the changes in residential electricity consumption for energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on the staggered difference-in-difference (DID) approach, this paper investigates urbanization's effect on residential electricity consumption using the longitudinal dataset from 2010-2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). It is found that China's urbanization has increased the average electricity consumption by 12.8% with electricity substitution as the main channel. After urbanization, the scale effect of population and area levels does not exist. The authors also find that this positive effect is affected by electricity price (i.e., the higher the price level, the smaller the positive impact). However, as the electric charge is insignificant relative to the income, the moderating effect of price remains small. This indicates that the positive effect of urbanization will not decrease soon in the future unless the residential electricity price system is reformed.
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Cao, Shu, Nannan Yu, Yang Wu, Zihe Wang i Jianing Mi. "The Educational Level of Rural Labor, Population Urbanization, and Sustainable Economic Growth in China". Sustainability 12, nr 12 (15.06.2020): 4860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124860.
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Since the 1978 economic reform, China has undergone a historical process of rapid urbanization. Although this process has been recognized as a key factor in the development of sustainable growth in China, low quality rural labor continues to limit the effectiveness of the country’s urbanization. Our study uses a spatial analysis framework to explore how the education level of rural laborers moderates the effect of urbanization on economic growth with provincial data collected from 1996 to 2015. Our results reveal that the influence of population urbanization on sustainable growth is mediated by the improvement of consumption capacity of urban dwellers and the industrial structural changes. The education level of rural laborers adjusts the urbanization’s influence on the consumption capacity of residents, which further affects economic growth. Empirical evidence indicates that the educationally limited rural population negatively moderates the impact of urbanization on sustainable economic growth by restraining the consumption capacity of migrating rural labor. It is also found that in some provinces with less-qualified rural labor, such as Gansu, Yunnan and Qinghai, population urbanization has not contributed to a corresponding economic growth, indicating that these provinces may have undergone urbanization without growth. These findings suggest that basic education is critical to the growth of income and consumption capacities of rural labor when laborers are migrating to urban areas. To achieve a valid urbanization process and sustainable growth, state and local governments must improve the basic education scheme, especially the nine-year compulsory education in Chinese rural areas through public financial investment and policy support.
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Oliinyk, O., L. Serhiienko i I. Legan. "Public administration of economic and ecological urbanization consequences". Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 37, nr 1 (23.03.2020): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2020.1.4.
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Urbanization is main demographic issue measured with relative terms: population increase and decrease, international migration. Nowadays, more than half world's population lives in cities. Ukraine is a part of world's urbanization processes, even if the positive dynamic does not exist. This is due to lack of investigations those processes, the gap between the world agenda and the processes of public policy formation and implementation in Ukraine in various fields, as well as a number of other factors, both internal and external, which in turn provoke a certain amount of risks and threats. The totality of the consequences of urbanization processes form before the domestic system of public administration several problems, the solution of which in the future is the key to respecting the rights and freedoms of people and their safe coexistence.
The key urbanization trends in Ukraine and around the world. The urbanization issue is the subject of research and activity by some organizations, such as the United Nations, the Central Intelligence Agency and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The Organization of Union Nations conducts the investigation of the urbanization's pace and dynamic processes in the world and highlights the data in World Urbanization Prospects: The Revision.
The urbanization development processes are caused by several prerequisites, factors and factors that relate to different spheres of human life, but it is undeniable that urbanization is primarily a consequence of the human civilization development. The rapid urbanization processes began in the 1950s, but it should be noted that those processes are often uncontrolled and require a detailed investigation of their condition, identification of trends and risks that may arise.
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Octifanny, Yustina. "The History of Urbanization in Java Island: Path to Contemporary Urbanization". TATALOKA 22, nr 4 (30.11.2020): 474–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.22.4.474-485.
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The paper presents the historical analysis of the spatial transformation and emerging urban reality in Java Island. The historical approach used to understand the urbanization dynamics from the year 1200 until the present time. The study passes through important historical events: early Archipelago, precolonial, colonial state, late colonialization, Japanese occupation, Indonesia’s independence, Indonesia’s democratic experiment, guided democracy, new order, fall of the new order, and post-Suharto era, in which the history of urbanization pattern is also visualized on the map. From a long time frames the colonial state, new order, and the post-1997 financial crisis are the most important influence for Java’s urbanization. From the study, it reveals that the urbanization in Java Island has undergone a series of events that made the urban population contracted or expanded; hence its centers moved to different places. The study also underlines the influence of colonial and economic crises which made Java, and particularly Jakarta, to emerge as the epicenter of urbanization in Indonesia, as Jakarta’s urban development was further enhanced after Indonesia’s independence.
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Octifanny, Yustina. "The History of Urbanization in Java Island: Path to Contemporary Urbanization". TATALOKA 22, nr 4 (30.11.2020): 474–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.22.4.474-485.
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The paper presents the historical analysis of the spatial transformation and emerging urban reality in Java Island. The historical approach used to understand the urbanization dynamics from the year 1200 until the present time. The study passes through important historical events: early Archipelago, precolonial, colonial state, late colonialization, Japanese occupation, Indonesia’s independence, Indonesia’s democratic experiment, guided democracy, new order, fall of the new order, and post-Suharto era, in which the history of urbanization pattern is also visualized on the map. From a long time frames the colonial state, new order, and the post-1997 financial crisis are the most important influence for Java’s urbanization. From the study, it reveals that the urbanization in Java Island has undergone a series of events that made the urban population contracted or expanded; hence its centers moved to different places. The study also underlines the influence of colonial and economic crises which made Java, and particularly Jakarta, to emerge as the epicenter of urbanization in Indonesia, as Jakarta’s urban development was further enhanced after Indonesia’s independence.
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Cheng, Yonghui, Qi Kang, Kewei Liu, Peng Cui, Kaixu Zhao, Jianwei Li, Xue Ma i Qingsong Ni. "Impact of Urbanization on Ecosystem Service Value from the Perspective of Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity: A Case Study from the Yellow River Basin". Land 12, nr 7 (28.06.2023): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071301.
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Ecosystem services are the beneficial goods and services that ecosystems provide to humans. Urbanization is an important feature of human social development. While promoting economic and social development, it also brings about land degradation, resource depletion, environmental pollution and other problems, intensifying the transformation of natural ecosystems into semi-natural and artificial ecosystems, ultimately leading to the loss of ecosystem service functions and declining value. The study of the impact of urbanization on the value of ecosystem services is of critical importance for the conservation of ecosystems and sustainable development. This study examined the spatio-temporal patterns of urbanization’s impacts on ecosystem service value in the Yellow River Basin from the perspective of spatio-temporal heterogeneity. Findings: (1) Both the ecosystem service value (ESV) and urbanization level (UL) in the Yellow River Basin were on the rise on the whole, but they were significantly spatially negatively correlated and mainly characterized by the high–low spatial clustering of “low ESV–high UL” and “high ESV–low UL”. This negative correlation was gradually weakened with the transformation of the urbanization development mode and ecological restoration projects in the Yellow River Basin. (2) The impacts of the five urbanization subsystems on the value of ecosystem services were diverse. Landscape urbanization had a negative impact on the value of ecosystem services in all regions; economic urbanization and innovation urbanization changed from having a negative to a positive impact; and demographic urbanization and social urbanization had both a positive and a negative impact. (3) To promote the coordinated development of ecological environmental protection and urbanization in the YRB, this paper proposes to change the urbanization development model, implement ecological restoration by zoning, and formulate classified development plans. This study compensates for the shortcomings of current studies that ignore the different impacts of urbanization subsystems on ecosystem service value and lack sufficient consideration of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity characteristics of urbanization and ESVs, enriches the theoretical understanding of the interrelationships between natural and human systems in basin areas, and provides a scientific basis for the rational formulation of urban planning and ecological protection policies in the region, which is of great theoretical and practical significance.
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Sun, Li, Xianglai Mao, Lan Feng, Ming Zhang, Xuan Gui i Xiaojun Wu. "Investigating the Direct and Spillover Effects of Urbanization on Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China Using Nighttime Light Data". Remote Sensing 15, nr 16 (20.08.2023): 4093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15164093.
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Cities are the main emission sources of the CO2 produced by energy use around the globe and have a great impact on the variation of climate. Although the implications of urbanization and socioeconomic elements for carbon emission have been extensively explored, previous studies have mostly focused on developed cities, and there is a lack of research into naturally related elements due to the limited data. At present, remote sensing data provide favorable conditions for the study of large-scale and long-time series. Also, the spillover mechanism of urbanization effects on the discharge of carbon has not been fully studied. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish the types of influence that various urbanization factors have on emissions of CO2. Firstly, this study quantifies the urban CO2 emissions in China by utilizing nighttime lighting images. Then, the spatio-temporal variations and spatial dependence modes of CO2 emissions are explored for 284 cities in China from 2000–2018. Finally, the study further ascertains that multi-dimensional urbanization, socio-economic and climate variables affect the discharge of carbon using spatial regression models. The results indicate that CO2 emissions have a remarkable positive spatial autocorrelation. Urbanization significantly increases CO2 emissions, of which the land urbanization contribution towards CO2 emissions is the most important in terms of spillover effects. Specifically, the data on urbanization’s direct effects reveal that CO2 emissions will increase 0.066%when the urbanization level of a city rises 1%, while the spillover effect indicates that an 0.492% emissions increase is associated with a 1% rise of bordering cities’ average urbanization level. As for the socio-economic factors, population density suppresses CO2 emissions, while technological levels boost CO2 emissions. The natural control factors effect a remarkable impact on CO2 emissions by adjusting energy consumption. This study can provide evidence for regional joint prevention in urban energy conservation, emission reduction, and climate change mitigation.
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Liu, Pengyu, Chao Wu, Miaomiao Chen, Xinyue Ye, Yunfei Peng i Sheng Li. "A Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Effects of Urbanization’s Socio-Economic Factors on Landscape Patterns Considering Operational Scales". Sustainability 12, nr 6 (24.03.2020): 2543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062543.
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Landscape patterns are significantly affected during the urbanization process. Identifying the spatiotemporal impacts of urbanization’s socio-economic factors on landscape patterns is very important and can provide scientific evidence to support urban ecological management and guide managers to establish appropriate sustainability policies. This article applies multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) to reveal the relationships between landscape patterns and the socio-economic factors of urbanization in Shenzhen, China, from 2000 to 2015, in five-year intervals. MGWR is a powerful extension of geographically weighted regression (GWR) that can not only reveal spatial heterogeneity patterns but also measure the operational scale of covariates. The empirical results indicate that MGWR is superior to GWR. Furthermore, the changes in operational scale represented by the spatial bandwidth of MGWR in different years reflect temporal changes in the spatial relationships of given factors, which is significant information for urban studies. These multiscale relationships between landscape patterns and the socio-economic factors of urbanization, revealed via MGWR, are useful for strategic planning around urban dynamic development and land resource and ecological landscape management. The results can provide additional insight into landscape and urbanization studies from a multiscale perspective, which is important for local, regional, and global urban planning.
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Tursunnazarova, Sharafniso. "URBANIZATION PROCESSES: URBANIZATION AND SUBURBANIZATION". GEOGRAPHY: NATURE AND SOCIETY 2, nr 1 (30.01.2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0834-2020-2-10.
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Laalaoui, Youssef, Naima Elassaoui i Oumaima Ouahine. "Balancing urban growth and the sustainability of groundwater and agricultural land: Case of the berrechid-settat area". E3S Web of Conferences 489 (2024): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448904012.
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Urbanization is an inevitable global phenomenon characterized by the exponential growth of urban areas in terms of both population and infrastructure. However, this rapid urban expansion often comes at a significant environmental cost. This article explores the multifaceted consequences of urbanization, shedding light on its role in contributing to desertification, compromising water quality, and depleting groundwater resources. To assess the scale of urbanization’s impact, comprehensive landuse studies are crucial. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques offer valuable tools for mapping and monitoring land-use changes over time. These methods enable the quantification of the conversion of agricultural land into urban areas and identify trends in urban sprawl, providing essential data for understanding the scale of the issue. Water quality assessments are equally vital; we can employ water sampling and laboratory analyses to quantify pollutant concentrations in urban runoff and groundwater. Monitoring the presence of contaminants such as oil, chemicals, and litter, as well as their effects on water quality; helps measure the environmental impact of urbanization. Groundwater studies can utilize hydrogeological investigations, including the use of monitoring wells and geophysical methods, to evaluate changes in groundwater levels and quality. These data are instrumental in gauging the depletion of groundwater reserves and their potential contribution to water scarcity issues. In conclusion, the consequences of urbanization extend far beyond the confines of urban areas, affecting agriculture, ecosystems, and water resources. As urbanization continues to advance, it is imperative to develop sustainable urban planning and management strategies that mitigate its environmental impact, preserve agricultural land, protect groundwater resources, and ensure the long-term health of the planet.
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Pérez Franco, José Luis. "Dos proyectos de urbanización en Santiago". Informes de la Construcción 47, nr 438 (30.08.1995): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1995.v47.i438.1067.
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Shankarrao, Dr Pawar Ashok. "Urbanization & Pollution in India". Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, nr 6 (1.10.2011): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2012/14.
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Hussain, Anwar, i Sharmin Khan Sharmin Khan. "A Sustainable Approach to Urbanization". International Journal of Scientific Research 2, nr 7 (1.06.2012): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2013/5.
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Hierse, Lin, Henning Nuissl, Fabian Beran i Felix Czarnetzki. "Concurring urbanizations? Understanding the simultaneity of sub- and re-urbanization trends with the help of migration figures in Berlin". Regional Studies, Regional Science 4, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2017.1351886.
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Biyase, Mduduzi, Frederich Kirsten, Talent Zwane i Santos Bila. "Tracing environmental Kuznets curves: unveiling the interplay of inequality, urbanization, GDP and emissions in BRICS nations". BRICS Journal of Economics 5, nr 1 (9.04.2024): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/brics-econ.5.e117948.
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In light of environmental challenges, the BRICS countries have stepped to the forefront of economic progress versus environmental sustainability debate. Not only has energy consumption increased rapidly in these countries, but the economic progress and urbanization, mainly driven by intensive fossil fuel production, have also led to higher levels of income inequality. The dynamics of the interplay between economic growth, urbanization, and income inequality on the one hand and environmental sustainability on the other have yet to be fully understood in the BRICS context. This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing debate by assessing a combination of three Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC) based on the GDPpc-emissions nexus, the income inequality- emissions nexus, and the urbanization-emissions nexus. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADRL) and Panel Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) models, we find an inverted U-shape EKC between GDP and carbon emissions, an inverted U-shaped EKC between income inequality and carbon emissions, and a U-shaped EKC between urbanization and carbon emissions. The inverted EKC between GDPpc and carbon emissions suggests that in the long run sustainable carbon reduction is possible alongside economic growth, but urbanization’s U-shaped impact on emissions might hinder this. Moreover, the inverted U-shaped relationship between income inequality and carbon emissions indicates a potential long-run trade-off between reducing both inequality and carbon emissions. Factors behind this relationship may vary significantly and include institutions- and country-specific factors, yet policymakers in the BRICS countries will do well attempting to better understand the dynamics behind urbanization and inequality as it will enable them to adopt more effective holistic policies aiming to improve energy efficiency, reduce fossil fuel dependence, and build economic systems contributing to faster economic growth, lower inequality and greater environmental sustainability.
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Zhang, Jinyuan, Zhongwu Zhang, Liping Liu, Xue Bai, Shiyu Wang, Lei Kang i Xingran Cai. "The coupling relationship and driving mechanism between urbanization and ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin from a multi-spatial scale perspective". PLOS ONE 18, nr 12 (7.12.2023): e0293319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293319.
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Rapid urbanization has led to ecological destruction and associated issues. Macro policies wield substantial influence over urbanization and its relationship with the environment. Without considering the differences in scale, macro policies may be ineffective at addressing urbanization’s adverse impacts on the environment, and even worsen this relationship. We used data on 622 counties, 76 prefectures, and 7 urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin to examine the development level, coupling coordination degree, and spatial patterns of urbanization and ecosystem services at three scales during 2000–2020. Further, we explored the driving mechanisms in the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services. We found that: First, the coupling coordination was relatively low but showed an upward trend. A sizeable spatiotemporal difference existed, with higher (lower) coordination in the east (west). Second, the coupling coordination of each scale exhibited significant spatial positive correlations. The low-value heterogeneous region was embedded around the agglomeration region, and polarization was significant. The larger the scale, the stronger the agglomeration effect. Further, the coupling coordination spatial agglomeration effect of each scale gradually weakened over time. Third, the spatial and temporal distributions of coupling coordination and its agglomeration characteristics at different scales differed. The urban agglomeration scale showed significant overall coordination or agglomeration characteristics, and prefecture and county regions showed local and unique characteristics within urban agglomerations. Fourth, the dominant factors influencing the spatial patterns of the coupling coordination at the county, prefecture, and urban agglomeration scales differed. The interaction and factor detection showed linear and double-factor enhancements. We find that economic development, government policies, environmental protection, and natural factors are the combined effects of urbanization and ecosystem services. Our research method can provide a reference for other river basins, and the results can help governments in formulating policies for sustainable development at different spatial scales.
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Zango, Baba-Serges, Ousmane Seidou, Majid Sartaj, Nader Nakhaei i Kelly Stiles. "Impacts of urbanization and climate change on water quantity and quality in the Carp River watershed". Journal of Water and Climate Change 13, nr 2 (8.10.2021): 786–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2021.158.
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Abstract Pressure on water resources has reached unprecedented levels during the last decades because of climate change, industrialization, and population growth. As a result, vulnerability to inappropriate water availability and/or quality is increasing worldwide. In this paper, a Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model of the Carp River watershed located in the city of Ottawa, Ontario was calibrated and validated. The model was then used to evaluate the individual and coupled impacts of urbanization and climate change on water quantity (discharge) and quality (nitrogen and phosphorus loads). While most of the watershed is currently rural, the headwaters will undergo rapid urbanization in the future, and there are concerns about possible negative impacts on water quantity and quality. Seven scenarios were developed to represent various watershed configurations in terms of land use and climate regime. Future climate time series were obtained by statistically downscaling the outputs of nine regional climate models, run under representative concentration pathways (RCP)4.5 and RCP8.5. The impacts were evaluated at the main outlet and at the outlet of an upstream sub-watershed that would be most affected by urbanization. Results show that climate change and urbanization's impacts vary greatly depending on the spatial scale and geographic location. Globally, the annual average discharge will increase between 6.75 and 9.34% by 2050, while changes in annual average nitrogen and phosphorus loads will vary between −1.20 and 24.84%, and 19.15 and 23.81%, respectively. Local impacts in sub-watersheds undergoing rapid urbanization would be often much larger than watershed-scale impacts.
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Zhu, Changjun, Xi Li i Yuanxi Ru. "Assessment of Socioeconomic Dynamics and Electrification Progress in Tanzania Using VIIRS Nighttime Light Images". Remote Sensing 14, nr 17 (28.08.2022): 4240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174240.
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Tanzania is one of the fastest-growing countries in the world, but it still faces many challenges of unbalanced development. However, Tanzania’s economic assessment studies based on traditional statistics are mostly conducted at the national level, which leaves the details of regional economic disparity and electrification unknown. Despite experiencing one of the fastest urbanizations in the world, there is a lack of research on the match between urbanization and electrification in Tanzania. This study accesses the socioeconomic dynamics in Tanzania using nighttime light images from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), providing spatiotemporal details for Tanzania’s development. We examined the ability of nighttime light data to evaluate the socioeconomic dynamics in Tanzania and studied regional economic disparity based on the total nighttime light (TNL). Furthermore, the land electrification rate (LER) was defined to study the relationship between urbanization and electrification in Tanzania’s major cities. We found that the LER was less than 0.9 in 2019 and had decreased from 2015 to 2019 in most cities, indicating that the power infrastructure gaps were widespread and growing in major cities. Additionally, we found a negative correlation between the change rate of land electrification and the urban expansion rate, indicating that the construction of power infrastructure has lagged behind the urbanization. We concluded that nighttime light data can effectively provide spatiotemporal details for socioeconomic dynamics in Tanzania. Additionally, our data mining method may be applied to other data-poor countries.
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Levy, Michael Z., Corentin M. Barbu, Ricardo Castillo-Neyra, Victor R. Quispe-Machaca, Jenny Ancca-Juarez, Patricia Escalante-Mejia, Katty Borrini-Mayori i in. "Urbanization, land tenure security and vector-borne Chagas disease". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, nr 1789 (22.08.2014): 20141003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1003.
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Modern cities represent one of the fastest growing ecosystems on the planet. Urbanization occurs in stages; each stage characterized by a distinct habitat that may be more or less susceptible to the establishment of disease vector populations and the transmission of vector-borne pathogens. We performed longitudinal entomological and epidemiological surveys in households along a 1900 × 125 m transect of Arequipa, Peru, a major city of nearly one million inhabitants, in which the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi , the aetiological agent of Chagas disease, by the insect vector Triatoma infestans , is an ongoing problem. The transect spans a cline of urban development from established communities to land invasions. We find that the vector is tracking the development of the city, and the parasite, in turn, is tracking the dispersal of the vector. New urbanizations are free of vector infestation for decades. T. cruzi transmission is very recent and concentrated in more established communities. The increase in land tenure security during the course of urbanization, if not accompanied by reasonable and enforceable zoning codes, initiates an influx of construction materials, people and animals that creates fertile conditions for epidemics of some vector-borne diseases.
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Matschie, Christoph. "Urbanisierung in Afrika – eine unterschätzte Herausforderung". Vereinte Nationen 69, nr 1 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/vn-2021-0005.
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UPADHYAY, DR AJAY. "SOLID Waste Management And Indian Urbanization". International Journal of Scientific Research 3, nr 2 (1.06.2012): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2014/81.
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Streule, Monika, Ozan Karaman, Lindsay Sawyer i Christian Schmid. "Popular Urbanization: Conceptualizing Urbanization Processes Beyond Informality". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 44, nr 4 (7.03.2020): 652–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12872.
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Bian, Yongxing. "Will Government-driven Urbanization Exacerbate Urbanization Imbalances?" Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 9 (13.06.2023): 666–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v9i.9246.
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As a major form of administrative division adjustment in China since the reform and opening up, abolishing county and establishing district policy has reshaped the regional administrative power structure, which in turn has had a profound impact on regional economic and social development. Based on data from population census and land survey, this paper uses the general OLS method to estimate the effect of abolishing county and establishing city-administered district reform on the imbalance of urbanization development in prefecture-level cities. The study finds that the reform of abolishing counties and setting up districts softens the constraint of construction land targets and creates favorable conditions for local governments to "seek development through land use", but the larger supply of construction land eventually exacerbates the imbalance between population urbanization and land urbanization, and this finding still holds for cities where the initial relationship between people and land is not tense. By region, the effect of urbanization imbalance exacerbated by abolishing county and establishing district policy is significant in the eastern region but not in the central and western regions; moreover, the effect of urbanization imbalance exacerbated by county revocation is weakened in cities with higher degree of financial deepening. The rapid urbanization with land as the core has supported China's rapid economic growth for a long time in the past, but the role of land as an economic engine is declining. Promoting a new type of people-oriented urbanization and making efforts to improve the quality of urbanization construction is the right way to transform China's economic development mode and promote high-quality development in the future.
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Liu, Shiliang, Yingying Chen, Rongjie Yang, Di Li, Yuling Qiu, Kezhu Lu, Xinhao Cao i Qibing Chen. "Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Constructed Wetland Landscape Patterns during Rapid Urbanization in Chengdu, China". Land 13, nr 6 (6.06.2024): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13060806.
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The degradation of urban ecology, particularly in metropolitan areas distinguished by dense populations and impervious surfaces, presents a worldwide challenge linked to swift urban expansion. Despite extensive documentation of urbanization’s impact on broad regions or specific urban ecosystems over defined time periods, there remains a scarcity of studies investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of landscape pattern (LP) changes in specific ecosystems at small-to-medium scales within inland megacities as a response to urbanization. Therefore, this work focused on the Bailuwan Wetland Park (BWP) in Chengdu, an inland megacity in southwestern China. Employing satellite imagery data from selected years spanning the previous decade (2010–2021, encompassing 2010, 2012, 2015, 2018, and 2021), this investigation delved into the influences of urbanization on the LP over various time-frames and across different land use/land cover (LULC) types. Our study revealed that urbanization has a significant impact on the patch-/landscape-level characteristics, including the class area (CA), number of patches (NP), patch density (PD), percentage of landscape (PLAND), aggregation index (AI), contagion index (CONTAG), largest patch index (LPI), landscape shape index (LSI), fractal dimension index (FRAC_MN), Shannon’s diversity (SHDI), and evenness index (SHEI). Over the period from 2010 to 2021, NP and PD experienced notable increases, while landscape shape (LSI/FRAC_MN) exhibited greater complexity and fragmentation (PLAND) intensified. Further, landscape heterogeneity (AI/CONTAG) and diversity (SHDI/SHEI) decreased. Particularly significant was the conversion of 52 ha of agricultural land to vegetation, resulting in heightened complexity and fragmentation in vegetation patterns. Additionally, the CA of lakes and rivers decreased following the establishment of the park, while the CA and NP of bare land presented significant increases. These findings suggest that rapid urbanization significantly influences the spatial–temporal dynamics of wetland landscape patterns. Consequently, it is imperative for society to prioritize the restoration and protection of urban constructed wetlands.
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Chen, Mingxing, Weidong Liu i Xiaoli Tao. "Evolution and assessment on China's urbanization 1960–2010: Under-urbanization or over-urbanization?" Habitat International 38 (kwiecień 2013): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2012.09.007.
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Chapa, Fernando, Srividya Hariharan i Jochen Hack. "A New Approach to High-Resolution Urban Land Use Classification Using Open Access Software and True Color Satellite Images". Sustainability 11, nr 19 (25.09.2019): 5266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195266.
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Urbanization nowadays results in the most dynamic and drastic changes in land use/land cover, with a significant impact on the environment. A detailed analysis and assessment of this process is necessary to take informed actions to reduce its impact on the environment and human well-being. In most parts of the world, detailed information on the composition, structure, extent, and temporal changes of urban areas is lacking. The purpose of this study is to present a methodology to produce high-resolution land use/land cover maps by the use of free software and satellite imagery. These maps can help to understand dynamic urbanizations processes to plan, design, and coordinate sustainable urban development plans, especially in areas with limited resources and advancing environmental degradation. A series of high-resolution true color images provided by Google Earth Pro were used to do initial classifications with the Semi-Automatic Classification Plug-in in QGIS. Afterwards, a new methodology to improve the classification by the elimination of shadows and clouds, and a reduction of misclassifications through superimposition was applied. The classification was carried out for three urban areas in León, Nicaragua, with different degrees of urbanization for the years 2009, 2015, and 2018. Finally, the accuracy of the classification was analyzed using randomly defined validation polygons. The results are three sets of high-resolution land use/land cover maps of the initial and the improved classification, showing the detailed structures and temporal dynamics of urbanization. The average accuracy of classification reaches 74%, but up to 85% for the best classification. The results clearly identify advancing urbanization, the loss of vegetation and riparian zones, and threats to urban ecosystems. In general, the level of detail and simplicity of our methodology is a valuable tool to support sustainable urban management, although its application is not limited to these areas and can also be employed to track changes over time, providing therefore, relevant information to a wide range of decision-makers.
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Seal, Christian, i Marisol Castiglione. "Legal analysis of the problematic associated with irregular urbanization of the countryside in Chile". MATEC Web of Conferences 396 (2024): 14001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439614001.
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Population growth has led to the increase of the urbanization of the countryside, which is a problem if not regulated properly. This can lead to the creation of new urban cluster and the subsequent use of large areas of agriculture land. Therefore, it is necessary to have a strong and clear legal framework that can adequately regulate and protect the countryside and rural areas. This paper studies the Chilean public and administrative laws that regulates the creation of new rural residential plots and the mechanism that are employed by private for sale and construction of illegal rural residential plots and urban cluster on the countryside. For this purpose, it was initially identified the normative that allows the rightfully creation of new parcel and urban clusters, and the different governmental entities that have jurisdiction of this process. Later it was analysed the jurisprudence though the study of emblematic cases; two penal process, two civil cases, and two administrative proceedings. The main mechanism employed was the sale of rights to a percentage of the rural residential plot and/or the inadequate interpretation of a law used for the regularization of the site after five years construction. As a result of these irregularities, it was possible to observe that the urbanization projects are located on exclusive agriculture land and in some cases areas that where declare as risk areas. Therefore, this housing complex don’t have construction permits, municipal reception and unauthorize utilities. As a result, these urbanizations don’t possess the minimal required national standard, are considered as unauthorize urbanization, and cannot be register with the real estate registrar, therefore the individual doesn’t own the property.
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Eeckhout, Jan, i Christoph Hedtrich. "Green urbanization". PLOS ONE 16, nr 11 (29.11.2021): e0260393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260393.
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Large cities are more productive and generate more output per person. Using data from the UK on energy demand and waste generation, we show that they are also more energy-efficient. Large cities are therefore greener than small towns. The amount of energy demanded and waste generated per person is decreasing in total output produced, that is, energy demand and waste generation scale sublinearly with output. Our research provides the first direct evidence of green urbanization by calculating the rate at which per capita electricity use and waste decrease with city population. The energy demand elasticity with respect to city output is 83%: as the total output of a city increases by one percent, energy demand increases less than one percent, and the Urban Energy Premium is therefore 17%. The energy premium by source of energy demand is from households (13%), transport (20%), and industry (16%). Similarly, we find that the elasticity of waste generation with respect to city output is 90%. For one percent increase in total city output, there is a less than one percent increase in waste, with an Urban Waste Premium of 10%. Because large cities are energy-efficient ways of generating output, energy efficiency can be improved by encouraging urbanization and thus green living. We perform a counterfactual analysis in a spatial equilibrium model that makes income taxes contingent on city population, which attracts more people to big cities. We find that this pro-urbanization counterfactual not only increases economic output but also lowers energy consumption and waste production in the aggregate.
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Katz, Cindi. "SPLANETARY URBANIZATION". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 45, nr 4 (lipiec 2021): 597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.13025.
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Grigoryeva, Elena, i Konstantin Lidin. "urbanization trends". проект байкал, nr 69 (13.11.2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.69.1844.
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Sometimes, people dream ofBlue cities,Which have no name.Song from the film “Two Sundays”, 1963What does the future hold for us? This question has always attracted attention and always eluded answering. Which of today’s trends will shape the appearance of tomorrow's cities? Irkutsk architects, continuing the theme of the Winter City, reflect on the development of underground urbanism. Novosibirsk citizens study the creative capital as the main resource for the growth of Siberian cities. The environmental approach to urban development and the ratio of the notion of environment with the borderline concepts of style, meaning and essence are studied by theorists of architecture. The issues of the theory are directly related to everyday practice of the post-covid world. Isolation of people from each other and fusion of residential spaces with the office ones, new functions and the role of public spaces need reflection right now. The triptych of philosophers from Voronezh, Latvia and Vologda is about it.
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Brown, Alastair. "Urbanization emissions". Nature Climate Change 2, nr 6 (25.05.2012): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1569.
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Chatzis, Konstantinos. "Cyborg Urbanization". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25, nr 4 (grudzień 2001): 906–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00354.
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