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1
Zhang, Min, Yufu Liu, Yixiong Xiao, Wenqi Sun, Chen Zhang, Yong Wang i Yuqi Bai. "Vulnerability and Resilience of Urban Traffic to Precipitation in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 23 (24.11.2021): 12342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312342.
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The concept of Healthy Cities, introduced by the World Health Organization, demonstrates the value of health for the whole urban system. As one of the most important components of urban systems, transportation plays an important role in Healthy Cities. Many transportation evaluation systems focus on factors such as road networks, parking spaces, transportation speed, accessibility, convenience, and commuting time, while the vulnerability and resilience of urban transportation are rarely evaluated. This study presents the preliminary progress in the evaluation of traffic vulnerability and resilience during precipitation events in 39 Chinese cities. Traffic congestion index data, derived from the Baidu Map Smart Transportation Platform, and rainfall data, derived from NASA’s global precipitation measurement, are utilized. Traffic vulnerability index, traffic resilience index, and the corresponding quantitative methods are proposed, and the analysis results are presented. This study is of value in improving the understanding of urban traffic vulnerability and resilience, and in enabling the quantitative evaluation of them in urban health assessment and the Healthy Cities program.
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Jeon, Jeongbae, Solhee Kim i Sung Moon Kwon. "The Effects of Urban Containment Policies on Public Health". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 9 (8.05.2020): 3275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093275.
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Public health risks such as obesity are influenced by numerous personal characteristics, but the local spatial structure such as an area’s built environment can also affect the obesity rate. This study analyzes and discusses how a greenbelt plan as a tool of urban containment policy has an effect on obesity. This study conducted spatial econometric regression models with five factors (13 variables) including transportation, socio-economic, public health, region, and policy factors. The relationship was analyzed between two policy effects of a greenbelt (i.e., a green buffer zone) and obesity. The variables for two policy effects of greenbelt zones are the size of the greenbelt and the inside and outside areas of the greenbelt. The results indicate that the two variables have negative effects on obesity. The results of the analyses in this study have several policy implications. Greenbelts play a role as an urban growth management policy, leading to a reduced obesity rate due to the influence of the transportation mode. In addition, greenbelts can also reduce the obesity rate because they provide recreation spaces for people.
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Saleena Beevi, S., i B. Pradeep Kumar. "Sustainable Solutions for Better Public Road Transportation". Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, nr 4 (1.09.2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i4.3315.
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Transportation undoubtedly fastens economic growth by providing ways to initiate various modes. Population explosion, industrialization, and urbanization created more challenges to environmental stability. Urban transport is one of the essential components of urban development. Sustainable transportation includes the most efficient and convenient movement of people and vehicles with the least amount of energy, congestion, and environmental impacts. Therefore proper sustainable transport solutions are needed to pace with the developmental process. The paper attempts to provide some solutions that can ensure better human health and protection of the environment. These solutions include minimizing toxic gas emissions, electro mobility, road traffic management, congestion pricing, better parking policies, etc. These ecofriendly modes can improve the quality of public road transport and human life.
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Dogra, Shilpa, Nicholas O’Rourke, Michael Jenkins i Daniel Hoornweg. "Integrated Urban Mobility for Our Health and the Climate: Recommended Approaches from an Interdisciplinary Consortium". Sustainability 13, nr 22 (17.11.2021): 12717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212717.
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Background: The purpose of this paper is to suggest an approach to aid with the creation of an interdisciplinary team and evidence-informed solutions addressing the urban mobility challenges facing many communities. Methods: We created a local Urban Mobility Consortium with experts from different disciplines to discuss the development of healthy, accessible communities, electrification, ride-sharing, and overarching issues related to urban mobility. A workshop and survey data collected during COVID-19 are presented in this paper. Results: Several evidence-informed recommendations are provided. Broadly, these were: (1) support the creation and development of accessible and safe active-transportation infrastructure; (2) incentivize and prioritize the use of active, public, and shared transportation over use of personal vehicles; (3) ensure connectivity of active transportation infrastructure with major destinations and public transportation options; (4) work towards electrification of personal and public transportation; and (5) work across siloes to improve integrated mobility to impact climate and health related outcomes, and enhance overall efficiency. Conclusions: An integrated approach is needed to improve mobility, access, and environmental impact. This needs to be carried out in the local context and requires government and non-governmental leadership.
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Kircher, Roland, Johannes Kluehspies, Eckert Fritz i Reiner Koehler. "Mobility on demand – vision of a flexible future urban mobility". Transportation Systems and Technology 5, nr 2 (19.07.2019): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201952130-138.
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Background: The present situation in megacities is characterized by traffic congestion, capacity limits of public transportation systems. In addition, environmental regulations due to potential health risks will have an increasing impact on urban transportation systems.
Aim: In this paper, we describe major technology trends in transportation and in information and communication systems which will influence urban transportation in future megacities. Based on these trends a vision of a sustainable urban transportation system is developed.
Method: In a first step, trends in urban development and the individual needs are analyzed. Digitalization of transportation and communication technologies offer new business opportunities for Artificial Intelligence (AI) based services.
Results: The intelligent combination of advanced transportation technologies in large buildings and AI based services enables a vision of Mobility on Demand, representing a flexible and sustainable urban transportation in future megacities.
Conclusion: The vision Mobility on Demand illustrates the effective and flexible integration of individual transportation needs into public transportation systems. Depending on the standards of future individual vehicles such vehicles could be integrated seamlessly into the urban Maglev transportation system.
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Bikis, Addis. "Urban Air Pollution and Greenness in Relation to Public Health". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2023 (30.01.2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8516622.
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Background. Air pollution is the result of economic growth and urbanization. Air pollution has been progressively recognized as a serious problem for cities, through widespread effects on health and well-being. There is less concern from stakeholders about greenness and air pollution mitigating factors in an urban area. This research targeted to indicate the spatial dissemination of greenery, air quality levels (PM2.5, PM10, CO2, and AQI), and exposure to air quality-related health risks for the people in the urban area. Method. The data were collected by measuring air quality at transportation stations and manufacturing industries with Air visual pro, then observing and mapping greenness in the city within the administrative boundary by GIS (street greenery, forest, availability of greenness in the manufacturing industry), and lastly questionnaire and interview were employed for air quality-related health issues. Then, the air quality data were analyzed by using USAQI standards and health messages. Both quantitative and qualitative research approach had employed to explore air pollution levels, availability of greenness, and air quality-related health issues. Moreover, Health questionnaires and greenness were correlated with air quality levels by a simple linear regression model. Result. The result indicated that there was unhealthy air quality in the transportation and manufacturing industries. The measured air quality showed in a range of 50.13–96.84 μg/m3 of PM2.5, 645–1764 ppm of CO2, and 137–179 Air quality index (AQI). The highest mean of PM2.5 and air quality concentrations at Addis Ababa transportation stations and manufacturing sites ranged between 63.46 and 104.45 μg/m3 and 179–326, respectively. It was observed with less street greenery and greenness available in residential, commercial areas, and manufacturing industries. The pollution level was beyond the limit of WHO standards. The result has shown a health risk to the public in the city, particularly for drivers, street vendors, and manufacturing industry employees. Among 480 respondents, 57.92% experienced health risks due to air pollution by medical evidence. Conclusion. High health risks due to industries and old motor vehicles in the city need to be reduced by introducing policies and strategies for low-carbon, minimizing traveling distance, encouraging high occupancy vehicles, and promoting a green legacy in the street network and green building.
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Asmael, Noor M., i Mohanned Q. Waheed. "Service evaluation of urban public transportation in Baghdad City". E3S Web of Conferences 402 (2023): 09019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340209019.
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Public transport performance is an important tool for users and operators. It generally allows them to verify whether the service is provided efficiently and effectively, identify areas where performance improvement may be needed, ensure that the community and users are satisfied; and support decision-making. In this research, the public transport routes located in different areas in Baghdad were studied. Public transport lines are used daily by people because they pass through vital areas and serve all passengers, students, employees, and others for several purposes. Data were taken on different days and at peak hours for four routes. The service level of public transport relied upon Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 100 scales was adopted to determine the level of service for each route. The most important problems faced by each line were identified, and based on these problems, appropriate solutions were proposed as they are important lines that serve a large group of people.
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Ge, Wenjing, i Guixiang Zhang. "Resilient Public Transport Construction in Mega Cities from the Perspective of Ecological Environment Governance". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (8.08.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9143618.
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With the rapid development of the social economy, environmental and resource constraints of economic growth are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, for cities, we should take the road of green development and sustainable development. On the one hand, we should fully implement the basic policies issued by the central government. On the other hand, we should fully integrate the actual situation of the city to make it better implemented, which will help to improve the ability of ecological environment governance and consolidate the ecological advantages of the city. With the development of the urban economy and the continuous increase of population, the development pressure faced by cities is also increasing. Innovating urban construction mode has increasingly become the focus of the development of the new era. The main reason is that the continuous growth of the urban population, environmental pollution, traffic congestion, and ecological damage has caused great trouble to urban residents. The traditional public service governance model has been unable to meet the current public service needs of urban residents. Based on this background, major cities around the world have begun to study urban resilience in order to prevent and resist the interference and impact brought by the outside world and maintain the sound development of the urban system. Based on the demand for ecological environment governance, this study analyzes the current situation and causes of urban ecological environment governance in China and the problems existing in urban resilient transportation construction in China, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures for ecological environment governance and the current situation of urban resilient public transportation construction. This study has great theoretical and practical significance to promote the sustainable development of the Chinese ecological environment and the resilience construction of urban transportation.
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Xu, Qiangqiang, Junhua Guo, Jianjie Gao i Xi Cheng. "Optimization design of real-time scheduling scheme for city bus vehicles based on BP neural network". E3S Web of Conferences 372 (2023): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337201012.
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Urban public transportation is inseparably related to people’s travel and life. Prioritizing the development of public transportation is a major national policy proposed by the Chinese government, especially to actively promote the development of intelligent public transportation systems. Developing and building advanced intelligent public transport operation and scheduling management system, designing efficient, flexible and low-cost operation and scheduling mode, improving the management level and service quality of public transport enterprises, and thus improving the road traffic condition of the whole city, is undoubtedly the future development direction of public transport enterprises. This paper combines the problems of bus operation and scheduling in China at the present stage, and proposes the operation and scheduling model and method of the intelligent urban public transportation planning system, with a view to realizing a flexible public transportation operation model suitable for different service situations and providing systematic theoretical support for solving the imbalance between supply and demand of public transportation.
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Zhou, Xuemei, Zhen Guan, Jiaojiao Xi i Guohui Wei. "Public Transportation Operational Health Assessment Based on Multi-Source Data". Applied Sciences 11, nr 22 (11.11.2021): 10611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210611.
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In order to solve the problem of inefficient long-term operation of urban public transport vehicles and the difficulty of finding the cause of the disease, a new analysis idea was designed using machine learning methods. This study aimed to provide a rapid, accurate, and convenient solution model and algorithm to address the drawbacks of traditional analysis tools that are incapable of handling multiple sources of public transport data. Based on a full process analysis of the bus operation status, the influencing factors and calculation methods were defined. Afterwards, the calculation results were used to construct a training set with a Random Forest regression model to obtain the weight ranking of different influencing factors. The results of the simulation validation proved that the model can use the basic data of bus operation to quickly find out the primary factors affecting the operation condition and pinpoint to the bottleneck interval. The method has high accuracy and feasibility. It can be universally applied to the analysis of regular bus scenarios to provide strong decision support for the operation level.
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Wang, Wei, Zihao Zhou, Jun Chen, Wen Cheng i Jian Chen. "Analysis of Location Selection of Public Service Facilities Based on Urban Land Accessibility". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 2 (10.01.2021): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020516.
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Urbanization has been a flourishing process in a wide range of developing countries. The planning and construction of public service facilities is a crucial component of this process. Existing planning methods of public service facilities focused on macroscopic indicators like population and GDP. In this way, accessibility and transportation conditions were neglected. Four typical counties in China were selected as samples where travel surveys and questionnaire surveys on public service facilities were conducted. Taking education and medical care as representative public service facilities, this study used geographic information processing to connect the locations of public service facilities at all levels with the urban land accessibility. Then, analysis of variance was used to obtain correlations between the level of public service facilities and the urban land accessibility. The results showed that the urban land accessibility of locations of public service facilities follows a normal distribution. Categories of facilities showed significant difference on urban land accessibility. Therefore, intervals of urban land accessibility of locations of public service facilities within one standard deviation from the mean were constructed by category. These intervals built a connection between transportation conditions with locations of public service facilities. Corresponding relation of carbon emission of facility-related trips and urban land accessibility was established as an example of an application. Carbon emissions caused by facility-related trips can be reduced by locating facilities at locations with appropriate urban land accessibility.
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Bassett, David R. "Encouraging Physical Activity and Health Through Active Transportation". Kinesiology Review 1, nr 1 (luty 2012): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/krj.1.1.91.
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The built environment has profound effects on physical activity and health. Many communities in the US are built around the automobile, with little consideration given to pedestrians, cyclists, and transit users. These places tend to have higher rates of physical inactivity (defined as “no leisure time physical activity”) and higher rates of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. However, in some European countries and selected US cities, communities have been constructed in ways that encourage active modes of transportation. In these places, a large segment of the population meets physical activity guidelines, due in part to the activity they acquire in performing daily tasks. In addition to promoting active transportation, these environments promote recreational walking, jogging, and cycling. Kinesiologists can and should work with urban planners, transportation officials, developers, public health practitioners, and the general public to design cities in ways that enhance physical activity and health.
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McAndrews, Carolyn, i Justine Marcus. "Community-Based Advocacy at the Intersection of Public Health and Transportation". Journal of Planning Education and Research 34, nr 2 (9.05.2014): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x14531624.
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Leontev, Mikhail. "Psychological reasons for university students' preference for environmental modes of transportation". E3S Web of Conferences 363 (2022): 04045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236304045.
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This study examined the influence of environmental norms, beliefs, and responsibility on preferences in the use of environmental transportation by students of technical universities. The author analyzed the use of ecological transportation by university students, linking the components of the Norm Activation Model (NAM) with the use of ecological transportation; analyzed the indicators that determine consumer satisfaction with public ecological transportation services using the example of an urban electric bus. The recommendations on transition to eco-transport and improvement of public transport organization on the example of the urban electric bus on the basis of the obtained results were proposed. This will help increase passenger satisfaction and, consequently, increase the number of passengers of public ecological transport.
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McAndrews, Carolyn, i Elizabeth Deakin. "Public health sector influence in transportation decision-making: The case of health impact assessment". Case Studies on Transport Policy 8, nr 3 (wrzesień 2020): 1116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2018.02.002.
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Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, Mehdi, Maghsoud Amiri, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Zenonas Turskis i Jurgita Antuchevičienė. "MCDM APPROACHES FOR EVALUATING URBAN AND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: A SHORT REVIEW OF RECENT STUDIES". Transport 37, nr 6 (31.12.2022): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.18376.
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Studies related to transportation planning and development have been in the center of activities of many researchers in the past decades. Road congestions issues, economic problems, health problems and environmental problems are some examples of complex problems that can be caused by urban and public transportation in big cities. Evaluating urban and public transportation systems could help to reach effective solutions to overcome these issues. This article presents a short bibliographic review of some recent studies on Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approaches for evaluating urban and public transportation systems. To this aim, Scopus was chosen as the database for making a search on journal articles. Scopus is trusted by major institutions in the world, and all journals covered in this database are inspected for sufficiently high quality each year. The search was made on the journal articles from 2017 to 2022 (July). The analyses presented in this study show that the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is the most used method, which has been applied to different studies in the field of urban and public transportation systems based on MCDM approaches. According to the analysis of the number of articles, Turkey is ranked 1st among different countries, and “Budapest University of Technology and Economics” (Hungary) is 1st in the ranking of institutions. Moreover, most of the articles have been published within the “social sciences” subject area. The recent trend in different studies on urban and public transportation systems shows the importance of using MCDM approaches in this field. Moreover, noticeable employment of fuzzy sets in several studies is a point that can shows the significant role of uncertainty in dealing with this type of problems.
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Peterson, Del. "Improving Veterans’ Mobility in Small Urban and Rural Areas". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2533, nr 1 (styczeń 2015): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2533-17.
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The need for veterans’ transportation is growing rapidly because of the increasing number of older veterans as well as the many injured servicemen and -women returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. Thirty percent of veterans live in rural areas that often present transportation challenges. Many veterans in rural areas must travel extremely long distances to receive medical care, and veterans living in rural areas are reported to be in poorer health than veterans living in urban areas. The objective of this study was to identify veterans with mobility needs living in rural Minnesota, Montana, and North Dakota and to quantify the cost of feasible transportation options for meeting veterans’ mobility needs. This study included a survey of veterans and a simulation of their health care transportation costs. Online and paper surveys were distributed to veterans throughout Minnesota, Montana, and North Dakota. More than 80% of respondents classified themselves as disabled with nearly three-fourths of these indicating that their veteran disability rating was greater than 30%. The most common disability reported by survey respondents was having a mobility impairment, followed by hearing impairment and mental health issues. When a coordination effort between U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care centers and rural public transit agencies was simulated with @Risk risk analysis software, results varied by state and region because of varying operating costs and fare recovery rates. Overall, most simulations indicated that a coordination effort between VA health care centers and rural public transit agencies would be feasible if estimated ridership levels could be attained.
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Negev, Maya, Leonardo Zea-Reyes, Livio Caputo, Gudrun Weinmayr, Clive Potter i Audrey de Nazelle. "Barriers and Enablers for Integrating Public Health Cobenefits in Urban Climate Policy". Annual Review of Public Health 43, nr 1 (5.04.2022): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052020-010820.
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Urban climate policy offers a significant opportunity to promote improved public health. The evidence around climate and health cobenefits is growing but has yet to translate into widespread integrated policies. This article presents two systematic reviews: first, looking at quantified cobenefits of urban climate policies, where transportation, land use, and buildings emerge as the most studied sectors; and second, looking at review papers exploring the barriers and enablers for integrating these health cobenefits into urban policies. The latter reveals wide agreement concerning the need to improve the evidence base for cobenefits and consensus about the need for greater political will and leadership on this issue. Systems thinking may offer a way forward to help embrace complexity and integrate health cobenefits into decision making. Knowledge coproduction to bring stakeholders together and advance policy-relevant research for urban health will also be required. Action is needed to bring these two important policy agendas together.
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Zobia, Ubaid Ullah i Shabbir Ullah. "A Planning Study on Spatial Attributes of Bus Stop Location for Efficient Public Transportation System". Global Social Sciences Review VIII, nr I (30.03.2023): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(viii-i).33.
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The most convenient and important part of the public transportation system is that provided by public buses, the most practical and cost-effective type of public transportation system. An expert system alone cannot accurately locate a bus stop. The "Natural Movement" theory of Space Syntax provides a deep understanding of "centrality" and urban activity, predicting the city's most dynamic streets and areas that serve as centres of urban activity. This study analyzed the city of Mansehra, Pakistan to provide a scientific evidence-based approach to planning of efficient transportation system. To find the best routes and bus stops, we computed centrality through spatial analysis and urban activity index, and vehicular and pedestrian traffic volume indices. The results of this research highlighted areas that are considered optimal traffic routes, busy city streets, and city centres, and represent the best locations for bus stop spacing in the city.
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Liu, Ying, Han Gu i Yuyu Shi. "Spatial Accessibility Analysis of Medical Facilities Based on Public Transportation Networks". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 23 (4.12.2022): 16224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316224.
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Aiming to look at the problems of the unreasonable layout of medical facilities and low coverage of primary medical services. This paper selects tertiary grade A hospitals, general hospitals, specialized hospitals, community-level hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies in the main urban areas of Chongqing as research objects. The nearest analysis, kernel density, mean center, and standard deviational ellipse method were used to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of medical facilities and public transportation stations. Spatial accessibility was assessed from the perspective of service area ratios and service population ratios by constructing multiple modes of transportation (pedestrian systems, bus lines, rail lines). The results show that (1) the spatial layout of medical facilities in the main urban area of Chongqing is unbalanced; and the spatial distribution of medical facilities is characterized by “large agglomeration, small dispersion” and “multi-center group”; (2) the sub-core circle is centered on the Southwest University Area in Beibei District, the University Town Area in Shapingba, the Yudong Area and Lijiatuo Area in Banan District, the Pingan Light Rail Station Area in Dadukou District, the Chongqing No. 8 Middle School Area in Jiulongpo District, the Tea Garden Area in Nanan District, and the Jiangbei Airport Area in Yubei District; (3) the medical facilities with the weakest average accessibility are tertiary grade A hospitals, and the strongest are pharmacies; (4) the areas with vital average accessibility are Yuzhong District, Shapingba District, Dadukou District, and Nanan District.
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Forchuk, Cheryl, Elsabeth Jensen, Mary-Lou Martin, Rick Csiernik i Heather Atyeo. "Psychiatric Crisis Services in Three Communities". Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 29, S5 (1.01.2010): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2010-0035.
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This study compared communities with three models of crisis service: (a) police as part of a specialized mental health team, (b) mental health worker as part of a specialized police team, and (c) informal relationship between police and mental health crisis service. Rural and urban areas were examined and compared. Data included focus groups and participant observation. Analysis revealed that while all communities valued their crisis services, all identified limitations in responsiveness, access, and systems-related issues. Quick access to psychiatric beds was important to services. Rural communities had no public transportation, and an important police role was safe transportation. In rural communities, mental health workers were generalists because they had to be able to address situations on their own. In urban areas, transportation was more readily available, and more specialization developed among mental health team members.
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V., Rajina Rahiman. "Walkability to public transport: prioritization of parameters for walkability assessment in the urban areas of Kerala, India". European Transport/Trasporti Europei, nr 89 (grudzień 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2022.89.3.
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Walkability research is multi-disciplinary and is spread across numerous domains starting from public health to sustainable transportation. Walkability is gaining interest as a non-motorised mode of transportation, and walking to public transport is deemed necessary for sustainable cities. This study intends to select, rank, and prioritise parameters of 'walkability to public transport' for urban areas of Kerala, a southern state in India. Upon a basic framework of walkability parameters obtained after the literature review, the Delphi Method was used to elicit and select the most significant walkability parameters from various domains, including transportation, planning, and urban design. Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to weigh the relative significance of parameters and sub-parameters. The study found that 'Immediate Walking Environment' was top priority, and 'Urban Design Qualities' was ranked least. The methodology will guide future researchers to pursue walkability studies in other cities by adopting this methodology with contextual variations if needed.
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Liu, Jingjing, Jing Wang, Tianlin Zhai i Zehui Li. "The Response of Ecologically Functional Land to Changes in Urban Economic Growth and Transportation Construction in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 21 (4.11.2022): 14510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114510.
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Understanding the impact of urban economic growth on ecologically functional land (EFL) change and the relevant mechanisms is necessary for adaptive ecological management and regional policy. The present study aims to explore the relationship between EFL change, urban economic growth and transportation construction based on reliable land survey data from 2000 and 2015, as well as natural and socio-economic data for over 2600 counties in China. We use the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) technique to empirically analyze the temporal changes in their relationships and alleviate endogenous bias and use the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model to explore the spatial heterogeneity across the country. The results indicate that the secondary and tertiary industries’ development had a significantly negative effect on EFL changes, and transportation construction is a major driver of urban economic growth in China, especially in the central region. From 2000 to 2015, the negative impact of urban economic growth on EFL changes decreased, and the contribution of transportation construction to urban economic growth increased. The regions (such as the central region) where transportation construction contributes more to the secondary and tertiary industries had a proportionally greater reduction in EFL. It appears that excessive dependence on transportation to drive the development of secondary and tertiary industries is the underlying reason for EFL reduction. The findings of this study can assist in formulating regional policies and advancing the coordination of urban economic development and ecosystem protection.
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Green, Christine Godward, i Elizabeth G. Klein. "Promoting Active Transportation as a Partnership between Urban Planning and Public Health: The Columbus Healthy Places Program". Public Health Reports 126, nr 1_suppl (maj 2011): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549111260s107.
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Opris, Ana, i Andreea Necsulescu (Popa). "Public Facilities Assessment Methodology". Postmodern Openings 11, nr 4 (2020): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/11.4/223.
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The paper presents the results of several substantiation studies concerning public facilities assessment for various Romanian municipalities, made in order to substantiate urban development plans. The study outlines main methodological steps for public amenities assessment emphasizing the importance of the territorial context, socio-economical context, as well the necessity of development of a compulsory legal frame at national level. The studies conducted by the authors tried to develop specific methodologies designated to assess public facilities provision at city level in order to propose their enhancement if case. The study compares different public facilities assessment conclusions for several cities in Romania and outlines that the average offer and need (public request) is generated by different elements (built and natural), not only the perceived urban barriers but also the unseen elements (as perceived neighbor hoods, sense of belonging of different urban areas). Also, one of the conclusions of this survey is that public amenities (green areas, education facilities, leisure, cultural health and transportation facilities) are one of the main features of urban structure that has to be addressed when planning development at urban or zone level. This focus on public amenities approach can substantiate development decisions at urban level, despite that it is the most disregarded element due to urban development pressures, especially within the new urban development areas. Assessment of public facilities provision at urban level should be subject of the urban development plans in terms of sustainable urban development.
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Wang, Xianen, Baoyang Qin, Hanning Wang, Xize Dong i Haiyan Duan. "Carbon Mitigation Pathways of Urban Transportation under Cold Climatic Conditions". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 8 (11.04.2022): 4570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084570.
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Climate heterogeneity has enormous impacts on CO2 emissions of the transportation sector, especially in cold regions where the demand for in-car heating and anti-skid measures leads to high energy consumption, and the penetration rate of electric vehicles is low. It entails to propose targeted emission reduction measures in cold regions for peaking CO2 emissions as soon as possible. This paper constructs an integrated long-range energy alternatives planning system (LEAP) model that incorporates multi-transportation modes and multi-energy types to predict the CO2 emission trend of the urban transportation sector in a typical cold province of China. Five scenarios are set based on distinct level emission control for simulating the future trends during 2017–2050. The results indicate that the peak value is 704.7–742.1 thousand metric tons (TMT), and the peak time is 2023–2035. Energy-saving–low-carbon scenario (ELS) is the optimal scenario with the peak value of 716.6 TMT in 2028. Energy intensity plays a dominant role in increasing CO2 emissions of the urban transportation sector. Under ELS, CO2 emissions can be reduced by 68.66%, 6.56% and 1.38% through decreasing energy intensity, increasing the proportion of public transportation and reducing the proportion of fossil fuels, respectively. Simultaneously, this study provides practical reference for other cold regions to formulate CO2 reduction roadmaps.
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Ding, Pengxiang, Suwei Feng i Jianning Jiang. "The Impact of Urban Rail Transit Epidemic Prevention Measures on Passengers’ Safety Perception". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 5 (25.02.2023): 4161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054161.
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In 2020, COVID-19 triggered concern about the safety of public transport. To meet passengers’ expectations regarding safety, the public transport department has stepped up its pandemic prevention services. Some prevention services require passengers to follow mandatory requirements. However, whether and to what extent these requirements affect passenger satisfaction with public transportation services remains unclear. This study aims to construct an integrated framework to explore the direct and indirect relationships between four constructs (regular services quality, pandemic prevention service, psychological distance, and safety perception) and passengers’ satisfaction in the context of urban rail transit services. Based on survey data collected from 500 passengers on the Shanghai Metro, this paper examines the relationships between routine service, pandemic prevention measures, safety perceptions, and satisfaction with the service. The results from the structural equation model indicate that routine service (0.608), pandemic prevention measures (0.56), and safety perception (0.05) have positive effects on passenger satisfaction. Psychological distance negatively impacts safety perception (−0.949) and has indirect effects on passenger satisfaction. Further, in order to identify the service improvements that public transportation departments should focus on, we use the three-factor theory to identify the services that should be improved: Basic factors, such as “punctual arrival of metros”, “treatment of harmful garbage”, “increasing frequency of platform disinfection”, and “measurement of station temperature” should be treated as the first priority. As the second improvement priority, “the planning of metro stations can accommodate my travel scope” can be considered. Last, public transportation departments can enhance the exciting factor by installing “metro entrance signs” when resources are available.
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Aritenang, Adiwan. "Examining Socio-Economic Inequality Among Commuters: The Case of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area". Urban Planning 7, nr 3 (29.07.2022): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i3.5271.
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The rapid development of urban areas in surrounding regions has led to an increasing number of commuters within and between core-peripheral regions. However, variation in jobs and economic levels has exacerbated the socio-economic inequalities between metropolitan residents. Using the commuter data of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, this study examines the socio-economic disparities of commuting behaviour, spatial patterns, and health between commuters with incomes lower and higher than the regional minimum wage. The article conducts quantitative descriptive statistics and a non-parametric test using the BPS—Statistics Indonesia 2019 commuter data that included 13,000 sample respondents from the Jakarta Province and its neighbouring districts. Our result reveals a significant impact of income level on the choice of private transportation mode, whilst having no effect on the choice of public transportation modes. Higher-income peripheral residents tend to commute to the core metropolitan area (Jakarta Province), while lower-income commuters typically travel between peripheral areas. The article also indicates the negative physical health impact of prolonged and early-hours commuting, especially for lower-income groups. The article proposes better public transportation that is convenient, safe, and reliable, to ensure a sustainable and resilient metropolitan area.
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Luo, Jiemei, Edwin H. W. Chan, Jinfeng Du, Linxia Feng, Peng Jiang i Ying Xu. "Developing a Health-Spatial Indicator System for a Healthy City in Small and Midsized Cities". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 6 (10.03.2022): 3294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063294.
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A recent examination of the significant role of public health has prompted calls to re-investigate how the urban environment affects public health. A vital part of the solution includes Healthy City initiatives that have been the subject of extensive policies, implications, and practices globally. However, the existing literature mainly focuses on big cities and metropolitan areas, while investigations into small and midsized cities (SMCs) are lacking, and thus reflect the underlying issues of health inequity. This study develops an indicator system for evaluating Healthy City initiatives in SMCs, linking urban design and public health, supported by the analyzed opinions from experts collected using both questionnaires and interviews. The indicator system includes six primary dimensions and 37 variables: urban form and transportation (UFT); health-friendly service (HFS); environmental quality and governance (EQG); community and facility (CF); green and open space (GOS); and ecological construction and biodiversity (ECB). A fuzzy synthetic evaluation technique was used to assess the relative importance of factors, emphasizing the importance of UFT, HFS, and EQG, with importance indexes of 0.175, 0.174, and 0.174, respectively. This indicator system is helpful for SMCs seeking to construct a Healthy City in the future, and is based on urban design and governance inputs and for enhancing the Healthy City knowledge base of cities of varied scales.
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Chutikorntaweesin, Ornpapha, i Thuchaphon Yodthong. "A Synthesis of Sustainable Public Transportation Logistics Model". International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, nr 12 (17.12.2022): 4329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i12.em07.
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The purpose of this research was to synthesize the sustainable public transportation logistics model. The researchers reviewed the related literature in the 5 years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The research process began with searching, reviewing, analyzing, synthesizing and summarizing the data. The results showed that the key components of the sustainable public transportation logistics model consisted of 3 components: Corporate of Governance: it included 1) Urban Form which were (1) Physical Form and Land Use, (2) Land Area and Density, (3) Centralities and Regionalism; and 2) Transport Policy which were (1) Regional Integration, (2) Funding and Finances. Logistics Management: it included 1) Physical Flow which were (1) The Speed of Transportation, (2) The Economies of Transportation, (3) The Safety of Transportation, (4) Quantity of Vehicles in Transportation, (5) The Convenience of Transportation, (6) The Certainty and Timeliness in Transportation; 2) Information Flow which were (1) Internal Communication, (2) External Communication; and 3) Financial Flow which were (1) Determine the Appropriate Fare, (2) Smart Card, (3) Common Ticketing System. Sustainable Public Transportation: it included 1) Economic Dimension which were (1) Funding, (2) Demand Management; 2) Social Dimension which were (1) Differences in Spatial Distribution, (2) Travel Expenses, (3) Health, (4) Public Safety; and 3) Environmental Dimension which were (1) Greenhouse Gas Emission, (2) Fossil Fuel, (3) Renewable Energy.
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Qiu, Zhaowen, i Huihui Cao. "Commuter exposure to particulate matter in urban public transportation of Xi’an, China". Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 18, nr 2 (18.05.2020): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00473-0.
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Restivo, Cernigliaro i Casuccio. "Urban Sprawl and Health Outcome Associations in Sicily". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 8 (15.04.2019): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081350.
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Urban sprawl has several negative impacts on the environment, the economy, and human health. The main objective of this work was to formulate and validate a sprawl/compactness index for Sicilian municipalities and evaluate its association with health outcomes. An ecological study was conducted with 110 municipalities in Sicily, Italy. Principal component analysis was adopted to create the sprawl/compactness Sicilian index, and linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the sprawl index and health outcomes. More variance of the new sprawl index was explained by the working factor, followed by density, surface extension, and land use mix. When validating the index, we found that public transportation had an inverse relation with sprawl increase (p < 0.001), and private transportation was directly related to the increase in sprawl (p < 0.001). After controlling for the Sicilian socio-economic deprivation index and overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality was the only outcome directly associated with the increase in the sprawl index (odds ratio = 0.0068, p < 0.001). Urban sprawl has to be monitored in Sicily over time to understand the evolution of the urbanization phenomenon and its relationship with health outcomes such as cardiovascular mortality. The use of the sprawl index should help policymakers define the necessary strategic aspects and actions to improve human health and quality of life in cities through a multi-sectorial approach.
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Barros, Paula, Anne Dorothée Slovic i Andrés I. Vecino-Ortiz. "Active transportation, urban environments and health: Evidence from Latin America". Journal of Transport & Health 16 (marzec 2020): 100855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100855.
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Gössling, Stefan, Jessica Nicolosi i Todd Litman. "The Health Cost of Transport in Cities". Current Environmental Health Reports 8, nr 2 (8.03.2021): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40572-021-00308-6.
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Abstract Purpose of Review The study aims to provide an understanding of health cost assessments of different transport modes in urban contexts, and their relevance for transport planning and political decision-making. Recent Findings There is strong evidence that motorized transportation imposes a high health cost on society, and specifically children. In contrast, active transport is a very significant health benefit. Summary Economic analyses support urban change in favor of compact neighborhoods and public transit, as well as infrastructure exclusively devoted to active transport. Private cars need to be restricted because of the high cost they impose on society.
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Samira Bafadhal, Aniesa. "PENGGUNAAN OJEK SYARIAH SEBAGAI MODA TRANSPORTASI MUSLIMAH URBAN: MEREK ATAU RELIGIUSITAS?" Profit 15, nr 01 (10.01.2021): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.profit.2021.015.01.14.
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The increasing need for travel in the local area of the house (staycation) such as shopping, culinary, health and education tours have encouraged the use of various modes of public transportation in urban communities. In the midst of these conditions, Muslimah's need for public transportation that meets the principles of sharia values and is safe from harassment and urban crime, OJESY is here as the first and only sharia motorcycle taxi for women in Indonesia. This study analyzes whether Muslimah consumers choose to use OJESY services because of the sharia brand offered by OJESY or because of consumer religiosity. The respondents of this study were 116 Muslim women using OJESY in Malang City, East Java. By using multiple regression the results of this study indicate that both the brand of sharia and religiosity show a significant and positive influence on customer decisions to use Islamic motorcycle taxi services, but religiosity is the main stimulus so spiritual-driven plays an important role in Muslimah decisions to use public transportation while maintaining the Islamic values it adheres to.
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Chen*, Kwan Soo, i Jamal Hisham Hashim. "Health Co-Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation through Mass Public Transportation in an Urban Environment". ISEE Conference Abstracts 2014, nr 1 (20.10.2014): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2014.p1-281.
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Xue, Xiongzhi, Yan Ren, Shenghui Cui, Jianyi Lin, Wei Huang i Jian Zhou. "Integrated analysis of GHGs and public health damage mitigation for developing urban road transportation strategies". Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 35 (marzec 2015): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2014.11.011.
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Al-Ansari, Hussein Alaa, i Ahmed Shamkhi Al-Khafaji. "Enhancing Public Health Through Sustainable Urban Design: An Examination of Transportation and Green Space Integration". Journal of Urban Development and Management 2, nr 2 (30.06.2023): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.56578/judm020205.
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Chibukhchyan, G. S. "PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN YEREVAN". World of Transport and Transportation 17, nr 5 (7.06.2020): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-5-244-253.
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The problems of improving the quality of public urban transport services, environmental protection, and public health in large cities and megacities have taken the leading place among the issues on the agenda of public administration bodies, as well as of non-governmental and international organisations.This context determined the study on the significance, modern conditions, problems, and development outlook regarding the urban public transport in Yerevan.Important part of the population of the Republic of Armenia lives in the city of Yerevan. Main economic activity of the Republic, as well as urban and private transport facilities are most concentrated in the capital city. The total number of vehicles circulating in the city on working days exceeds 300 thousand units.Urban public transport of Yerevan plays an important role in ensuring the normal life of residents and guests of the city. At the same time, several serious socio-economic problems are associated with transport, which are aggravating while the economy develops and the volume of cargo, passenger transportation and motorization of the city grows. Such problems, first, include the growth of the number of road traffic accidents, then, serious environmental degradation in the areas adjacent to the highways and in other districts of the city.In recent years, it has become obvious that the solution to those problems goes beyond the competence and responsibility of the city hall or of any single ministry and requires focusing the efforts of the number of government bodies and of the public at large.The objective of the study is to identify the main factors affecting the efficiency and safety of urban public transportation, as well as the impact of road traffic on the environment in Yerevan.Their identification will improve the quality of transport services and transportation safety, as well as reliability of vehicles and of their service properties, reduce their environmental impact, and develop a unified integrated effective and viable system of measures towards a comprehensive and effective solution of transport problems of public urban transport.
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Maihan, Regina, i Ebru Vesile Öcalir. "URBAN MOBILITY AND TRANSPORTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIES: A CASE STUDY IN KABUL, AFGHANISTAN". International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, nr 10 (1.02.2023): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2023.v07i10.004.
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In recent decades, the rates of urbanization, motorization, population growth, and population density have increased. Congestion has detrimental effects on the efficiency of transportation, as well as on travel times, air pollution levels, and fuel consumption. Kabul is the most crowded city in Afghanistan. Unrestrained urbanization and motorization often lead to a socially, economically, and ecologically unsustainable urban land use and transportation system. In developing nations, urban mobility systems are quite diverse, taking into consideration their components in terms of transport modes and the development path associated with urban expansion. As a case study, this article examines Kabul, the most populated and economically significant city in Afghanistan. This study starts by doing a literature review on sustainable transportation systems to help the reader comprehend the link between sustainable development and transportation. The article then assesses the present transportation and infrastructure system, national transportation regulations, and urban transportation initiatives to see whether the current paradigm is shifting toward or away from sustainable mobility. Furthermore, the principles for sustainable urban transportation are designed to determine the importance that national transportation policies have given to urban transportation from the standpoint of sustainable transportation. Finally, I proposed several public transportation alternatives and strategies for Kabul city, the implementation of which may result in a more sustainable urban development and transportation system in the future.
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Vassallo, Alberto, Steve Kett, Diane Purchase i Massimiliano Marvasi. "The Bacterial Urban Resistome: Recent Advances". Antibiotics 11, nr 4 (12.04.2022): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11040512.
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Cities that are densely populated are reservoirs of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). The overall presence of all resistance genes in a specific environment is defined as a resistome. Spatial proximity of surfaces and different hygienic conditions leads to the transfer of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) within urban environments. Built environments, public transportation, green spaces, and citizens’ behaviors all support persistence and transfer of antimicrobial resistances (AMR). Various unique aspects of urban settings that promote spread and resilience of ARGs/ARB are discussed: (i) the role of hospitals and recreational parks as reservoirs; (ii) private and public transportation as carriers of ARGs/ARB; (iii) the role of built environments as a hub for horizontal gene transfer even though they support lower microbial biodiversity than outdoor environments; (iv) the need to employ ecological and evolutionary concepts, such as modeling the fate of a specific ARG/ARB, to gain enhanced health risk assessments. Our understanding and our ability to control the rise of AMR in an urban setting is linked to our knowledge of the network connecting urban reservoirs and the environment.
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Charehjoo, Farzin, i Nassim Hoorijani. "Evaluating the Effective Physical Indicators of Built Environment on Promotion of Sustainable Transportation: The Case of Sanandaj City". Education and Urban Society 52, nr 5 (13.11.2019): 774–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124519884931.
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The main goal of this research is to evaluate the relationship between the built environment and public health of citizens in four different buffers of Sanandaj, Kurdistan province, Iran. There is a growing body of evidence that links the neighborhood design to public health and argues that the built environment impacts on the public health of people through the weakening or strengthening of sustainable transportation (walking, cycling, and public transportation) and physical activity. Regular physical activity has a significant impact on the health of individuals, and this can be the best way to cope with several diseases. The statistical population of this study includes people between the age of 18 and 65 years in Sanandaj city. The method used to investigate the normality of dependent variables is the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test; the assessment of the resident’s difference of physical activities is conducted through one-way variance; the impact of the built environment on physical activities is assessed through a multivariate regression test, and the effect of physical activity on the health of the individuals is evaluated through a correlation test. This study, by explaining the characteristics of the built environment in four different buffers, has exhibited that the environment supporting physical activity of pedestrians plays a critical role in increasing the amount of physical activity they engage in.
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Todorov, Apostol, Petya Gicheva, Vanya Stoykova, Stanimir Karapetkov, Hristo Uzunov, Silvia Dechkova i Zlatin Zlatev. "Environmental Monitoring in Bus Transportation Using a Developed Measurement System". Urban Science 7, nr 3 (24.08.2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030090.
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Air pollution and travel comfort in public transport is a significant problem as it can cause health problems for passengers. There are no sufficiently developed and researched monitoring systems for measuring the quality of the environment in public transport, which makes it difficult to assess the extent of the problem and implement effective solutions. This study presents the results of measurements made with a developed system for assessing air pollution and environmental quality in urban transport. Two time periods were defined based on air pollution and traffic levels, and informational features were selected for bus stops and buses. Noise was found not to be an informative feature, but vehicle acceleration should be considered in environmental quality monitoring. A quadratic discriminant classifier combined with principal components was shown to accurately classify high and low pollution time periods. Further research is planned to investigate the relationship between air pollution and travel discomfort and to develop effective strategies to improve air quality in urban public transport.
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Liu, Ying, Huan Wang, Cheng Sun i Huifang Wu. "Equity Measurement of Public Sports Space in Central Urban Areas Based on Residential Scale Data". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 5 (6.03.2022): 3104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053104.
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Urban public sports facilities have captured much public attention because of their close ties to public health. However, few studies have comprehensively assessed the equity of accessibility to various types of public sports space with a fine scale. This study proposed a spatial equity measurement method based on multi-source urban data and GIS network analysis. Residential buildings were taken as the minimum research unit to investigate the equity differences of residents’ enjoyment of urban public sports space accessible by walking and public transportation. Taking Harbin, China, as an example, this study calculated and visualized the proximity of more than 12,000 residential buildings to a variety of public sports space in the central urban area. The results showed that: (1) urban centers enjoy more public sports space resources than border areas, that is, the developed area has more advantages than the emerging area; (2) according to the classification of sports space, their spatial distribution pattern and measurement results are obviously different; (3) the areas with a low walking equity degree also had a low bus equity degree. This study integrated multi-source data into the traditional spatial computing models and provided an important reference for the equitable planning of urban public sports space.
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Nagy, Ramona, i Karoly Menyhardt. "Vibration Aspects on Local Light Rail Transportation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 801 (październik 2015): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.801.249.
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With the ongoing pace of city development and urban population growth, public transportation is the solution for traffic decongestion. The extensive use of cars causing traffic jams, and more serious pollution, more and more people should travel by public transportation means. In this article, we tested and analysed the vibration characteristics of local tramway transportation by using vibration measurement and analysis system.In spite of increasing exposure to vibrations, transportation supervisors do not concern themselves to the health effects of whole-body vibration or hand transmitted vibrations. Exposure to whole-body vibration is a growing concern in industry, traffic and in other branches of the economy. This harmful physical factor endangers human health not only at work but also in everyday life: in public transportation.The paper concerns with the vulnerability of the human body to vibrations transmitted from trams. The accelerations of the vibrations were measured on the axes (x-, y- and z-axes), and these values were compared to the ones from standards for acceptable human exposure to whole-body vibration.
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Jailani, Sri Fatiany Abdul Kader, Emi Normalina Omar, Noor’ain Mohamad Yunus, Siti Noorsuriani Maon i Naffisah Binti Mohd Hassan. "Exploring Mobility of The Elderly in Urban Public Spaces and Transportation Facilities". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, nr 6.2 (29.07.2023): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.106.2.15017.
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Ageing is a global issue. As cities grow, the share of residents aged 60 and over also increases. In Malaysia, the population aged 65 years and over increased from 6.5% in 2018 to 6.7% in 2019. Therefore, Malaysia is estimated to reach an ageing nation status in 10 years, and 15% of the population will be at least 60 years old. The World Bank predicts Malaysia will become a "super-aged society" as 20% of the population will be over 65 by 2056. Aligned with the 12th Malaysian Plan (2021-2025), Malaysia has made preparations for the Smart City Initiative, with a primary focus on improving the well-being of its people. In addition, an Intelligent Transport System Blueprint (2017–2022) has been introduced as part of the government's efforts to upgrade the current transportation system. Today's world shows the rise of an ageing population, which has implications in many areas and facilities, such as healthcare, financial services, city planning, transportation, and religious centres. This rising elderly population requires changes in their living environment to make their lives easier. There will be serious problems and challenges in the mobility of the elderly in health service needs and physical areas. Therefore, the primary objective of this conceptual study is to explore the contributing aspects that allow older people with smart mobility to use public spaces and transportation facilities. A qualitative research design is employed to achieve research objectives. This study is helpful for the development of smart cities and transportation planning to support the sustainable mobility of the elderly in Malaysia, which is facing an increasingly ageing society. Also, the study will address the ageing society in the national development plans and revisit existing planning together with physical areas of development to fulfill the needs of the elderly. It is aligned with the National Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of increasing the elderly population's quality of life.
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Prokhorov, Viktor, Ivan Rozhnov, Olga Maslova i Anna Kuklina. "3D urban transport environment". E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 05030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338905030.
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The paper investigates issues related to the solution of problems in the development of public transport infrastructure in urban agglomerations. The opportunities of further development of the existing typical city public transport infrastructure have been studied. The conclusion about the possibility of reforming the existing typical urban public transport infrastructure is drawn. It is proposed to use the available airspace together with the ground and underground public transport as a direction for the development of urban public transport infrastructure. The formation of an urban transport 3D environment is studied. It is shown that the joint application of all three urban transport environments will significantly expand the potential of urban public transport infrastructure. The possibility of using ultralight aircraft as an air vehicle is considered. It is proposed to use new types of aircraft as air vehicles. The prototype of an aircraft based on cylindrical vane propellers under the code name “Cyclolet” is described. Its flight technical characteristics are given. The conclusion about the possibility of using an aircraft of the “Cyclolet” type on the basis of cylindrical vane propellers as an air vehicle in the organization of permanent public transportation in urban agglomerations in the Russian Federation and abroad is drawn.
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Ge, Yifu, i Zhongyu He. "Assessing the health impacts of the urban expansion of small cities in China: A case study of Jiawang". PLOS ONE 17, nr 12 (22.12.2022): e0279470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279470.
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Empirical studies undertaken in developed countries have shown that urban expansion may exert both positive and negative impacts on residents’ health, depending on the planning strategy; however, the impact of rapid urban expansion on public health in developing countries is understudied. This paper takes Jiawang, China, as an example of rapid urban expansion and carries out a health impact assessment (HIA) on its regulatory detailed plan to better understand the interaction of the built environment and public health. We establish an HIA framework and select a series of indicators as health determinants. On this basis, we examine what impact the urban expansion will exert on the health equity of the residents by conducting a bivariate spatial autocorrelation. The finding shows that:1) Urban expansion produces positive health impact through the health determinants of public facilities, road transportation and land use. 2) Urban expansion will reduce health disparities between the old and new town and between the urban and suburban areas, especially between the old and new town. 3) The impact of expansion exerts on health equity will be generally positive. Low-income neighborhoods in the old town will significantly benefit from urban expansion in terms of road traffic and land use, but will not fully benefit in terms of public facilities. Low-income neighborhoods will no longer benefit from the accessibility to commercial facilities and will suffer from health inequities in terms of accessibility to healthcare facilities. 4) The government’s development strategy of emphasizing on an even distribution of public resources will unintentionally contribute to improving health equity. The significant promotion of health equity will mitigate the negative impacts of the previous urban development.
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Guo, Liang, Shuo Yang, Qinghao Zhang, Leyu Zhou i Hui He. "Examining the Nonlinear and Synergistic Effects of Multidimensional Elements on Commuting Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Wuhan, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 2 (16.01.2023): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021616.
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Understanding the specific effects of multidimensional elements of a built environment, transportation management policies, and the socio-demographics of travelers associated with commuting carbon emissions is significant for planners in promoting low-carbon and healthy urban development through transportation and land use and urban management policies. Most of the existing studies focus on the complex mechanisms affecting commuting behavior, but the relevant elements and specific mechanisms affecting commuting carbon emissions have not received sufficient attention. This study uses a random forest approach to analyze residential travel data from Wuhan, China. The results show that built environment and transportation demand management policies are critical to commuting carbon emissions, and that there is a non-linear association between multidimensional factors and commuting carbon emissions in Chinese cities. In addition, the study examines the synergistic effects of built environment and transportation management policies on commuting carbon emissions among different built environment elements. The results of the study provide valuable insights for planners in formulating low-carbon city and transportation development policies.
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Brahmbhatt, Mansi M., i Jay K. Sheth. "Focused Group Discussion of urban ASHA workers regarding their workrelated issues". Indian Journal of Community Health 29, nr 2 (30.06.2017): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2017.v29i02.011.
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Background: Urban ASHA workers bridge the gap between the Urban Health system and urban poor to provide accessible, affordable, accountable, reliable & effective primary health care. Amis & Objectives: To identify work related problems faced by urban ASHA workers and to seek suggestions for their work-related issues. Settings and Design: FGD of Urban ASHA workers posted at Urban Health Centres of Ahmedabad. Methods and Material: Random sampling was used to select two UHCs and 8 Urban ASHA workers from both the UHCs for conducting FGDs. Statistical analysis used: interview transcribing. Results: Service gave them satisfaction, Salary did not!!! Some of the other important issues related to their work include transportation, cooperation from community, environmental issues & extended working hours. Conclusions: The problems identified and suggestions received needs to be taken seriously, addressed promptly and timely to improve service delivery.