Rozprawy doktorskie: „Urban transportation- Public health”

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Schneider, Jacquelyn Renee. "Walking in Washington| Examining the Distinctions in Super Pedestrian Walking Trips in the District of Columbia". Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10124388.

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This study defines and determines the characteristics of super pedestrian trips in Washington, D.C. Super pedestrian trips are defined here as trips greater than the third quartile distance based on data from the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG) Household Travel Survey 2010/2011. In this case, super pedestrian trips are quantified as greater than 0.6 miles; super pedestrians are those completing the trip. A trip is defined as one complete segment of travel (i.e., walking directly from home to the office). Using data from the MWCOG Household Travel Survey 2010/2011, this study determines who makes super pedestrian trips in Washington, D.C. and assesses their socio-demographic characteristics using a linear regression model. The results from the linear regression model show that super pedestrians are likely to be young, low-income, male minorities without driver’s licenses or access to vehicles within the household. Pedestrians traveling the farthest distance may do so only out of necessity. The bulk of current planning and transportation literature focuses on the shortest pedestrian travel distances for trips typically less than one-quarter mile. However, pedestrians are walking greater distances and it is worth understanding from a planning and policy perspective the implications of these trips for livability and design of the urban environment. The core findings from this research contribute to the growing body of research on pedestrian behavior by illuminating the socio-demographic characteristics of those walking the farthest distances.

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Yan, Yihong. "Air pollution in China: a study of public perception". Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32599.

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Master of Regional and Community Planning
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Brent Chamberlain
Air pollution is a serious health and environmental problem. In fact, poor air quality has been linked to numerous diseases and is a significant public health issue related to urban planning. These problems can be clearly seen in urban Chinese cities, most recently with the first ever Red Alert in Beijing China in 2015. In 2015, director Chai Jing developed a documentary depicting the bad effects on health of air pollution in China. However, soon after the release of the film, it was banned. One important finding in the film was the misperception the Chinese people had about the kinds of pollution and the health impacts. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the extent to which Chinese people understand the causes of air pollution and their related health effects. Accordingly, a survey was produced and delivered via Chinese social medium. The survey had three objectives: study the perception of 1) Air quality and the source of air pollution, 2) Health effects if air pollution, and 3) Air pollution and Environmental policies. The results show that 44% Chinese people feel air quality is worse now than a year before, and 72% people feel air pollution has affected their health. One main finding in this study was that younger people took the survey more than older people, as perhaps because they may have started to have a family or become a family; this is significant because air pollution is harmful for children. The other main finding was that 52% people did not know a China Air Pollution and Prevention Law exists.

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Kocak, Talha Kemal. "Investigating Air Pollution and Equity Impacts of a Proposed Transportation Improvement Program for Tampa". Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7832.

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Transportation infrastructure is important for human mobility and population well-being. However, it can also have detrimental impacts on health and equity, including through increased air pollution and its unequal social distribution. There is a need for better understanding of these impacts and for better approaches that improve health and equity outcomes of transportation planning programs. In this study, we are investigating the air pollution and health equity impacts of an ongoing large-scale metropolitan transportation improvement program, Tampa Bay Next (TBNext). Specific objectives are: 1) to characterize and quantify the air pollution levels and population exposures resulting from the roadway expansion currently planned under TBNext, and 2) to identify key attributes that could improve health and equity consideration in TBNext and similar programs. Using a multi-component modeling system that combines agent-based travel demand simulation with air pollution dispersion estimation, we simulated population exposures to oxides of nitrogen (NOx) resulting from two scenarios: one with the proposed TBNext lane expansions and one without it. To elucidate potential impacts on equity, including disparities in exposure for low-income and minority groups, the distribution of exposure among the population was compared using three measures of inequality. Additionally, through document review, we also performed a qualitative analysis of the TBNext program from a Health in All Policies (HiAP) perspective. Results from the modeling component indicate that the proposed lane scenario increased the number of vehicles, NOx emission rates, NOx concentration, and block group NOx exposure densities in downtown Tampa and its surrounding neighborhoods during the morning and evening rush hours. However, the proposed lanes also caused a decrease in the simulated total emissions and the daily average NOx concentration in Hillsborough County. The average individual-level NOx exposure also decreased, but disparities in exposure for minority and the below-poverty population groups increased in the proposed lane scenario. Results of the HiAP analysis suggest that health and equity should be priorities in major policies and programs such as transportation improvement programs. Multi-sectoral collaboration that provides benefit for all parties and stakeholders is also essential to improve the health and equity outcomes. Furthermore, health departments and public health agencies should be included in the transportation decision-making process. Finally, improving active transportation modes was commonly found in HiAP case studies to promote public health and equity in transportation planning programs. Evaluation of TBNext transportation improvement program from the HiAP perspective show that health consideration was not one of the priorities in the program. However, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) frequently engaged with stakeholders in community meetings throughout the recent development process of the program. Additionally, FDOT and local governments addressed some inequity issues as a response to public concerns. Through assessment of a real case study, the results of this study contribute to the body of knowledge on the air quality and equity impacts of large-scale transportation improvement programs. Further, they suggest that air quality assessments and equity analyses should be conducted in more detail than what the law currently requires for transportation programs. Lastly, this study also shows that the HiAP paradigm could promote health and equity outcomes of transportation improvement programs.

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Marcus, Michelle J. "Examining Correlations with Frequency of Walking Trips In Metropolitan Areas". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/54.

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This research assessed correlations between funding for pedestrian facilities, presence of walkways, and daily and weekly walking trips in a sample of United States residents living in metropolitan areas. The purpose of the research was to identify factors at the policy and environmental level which are associated with a greater frequency of walking trips, and therefore may influence physical activity levels. Data from the U.S. Federal Highway Administration’s 2001 National Household Travel Survey and the Thunderhead Alliance’s 2007 Benchmarking Report: Bicycling and Walking in the U.S. were combined to provide variables for the number of daily and weekly walking trips, perceived lack of walkways, age, distance to work, housing unit density for each household, household income, and per capita federal and non-federal funding for pedestrian facilities for each metropolitan area. Correlation analysis and analysis of variance was conducted to test for associations with walking trip frequency and lack of walkways. The results suggested that increased walking trips were associated with increased non-federal funding but not with increased federal funding; and that increased federal funding was associated with reduced lack of walkways (but not increased non-federal funding), especially for lower-income respondents. These associations were statistically significant but not strong. Very little research has been conducted on the health effects of funding for pedestrian facilities; this research showed that more extensive study in this area is needed and that further integration of public health into transportation planning is in order.

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Brennan, Eugene Phillip. "Oceano Community Health Plan". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1276.

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ABSTRACT Oceano Community Health Plan Phillip Brennan Recent, mounting research shows that chronic disease, the leading causes of death and primary driver of health care costs, cannot be effectively addressed through education or preventative health alone. A physical environment that promotes health—through access to healthy food, opportunities for physical activity, quality housing, transportation options, and safe schools—is an integral part of making our communities healthier. This research and accompanying Healthy Community Plans will serve as a way for the County to begin looking in-depth at the ways the built environment (our streets, parks, and neighborhoods) contribute or detract from the health of the community. Though the creation of a healthy general plan may be unattainable for the County in the short term, a focus on a small yet cohesive part of the county presents an opportunity to affect these changes. Under the direction of the SLO County Health Agency and the Health Commission, we have written Healthy Community Plans for the unincorporated communities of Cayucos and Oceano, California. Both of these plans were greatly informed by their respective communities through input garnered through outreach, interviews, surveys and personal interactions with community members. This project examines the relationship between the built environment and public health, and explores ways planning professionals are beginning to address health issues through infrastructure, land use, creative zoning, and planning strategies that promote health and active living in policy. The planning documents, modeled after health elements currently being included in general plans throughout California, have integrated the fields of planning and public health to provide Cayucos and Oceano an assessment of its residents’ health, a description of the current built environment conditions that may be helping or hindering physical activity and access to nutritious food sources, as well as establish goals, policies and implementation strategies that will set a course of action toward healthier communities. Key Words: planning, public health, physical activity, built environment, community, active transportation

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Iroz-Elardo, Nicole. "Participation, Information, Values, and Community Interests Within Health Impact Assessments". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1846.

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Health impact assessment (HIA) has emerged in the U.S. as one promising process to increase social and environmental justice through addressing health equity issues within planning. HIA practice is guided by values such as democracy and equity and grounded in broad social determinants of health. The most readily applied definition of democracy is problematic because it implies an element of direct, participatory engagement with the public. This is at odds with HIA practice that largely relies on stakeholder engagement strategies. This dissertation critically examines the engagement strategies of three transportation planning HIA cases to more fully understand how the HIA process may or may not promote democratic values and protect community health interests. It employs a multi-case study design that uses qualitative content analysis to trace community health interests through the HIA process, HIA document, and target plan. It finds that while the field is overstating the participatory nature of HIA, commitments to health equity and broad determinants of health protect community health interests with and without robust engagement of community stakeholders.

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Rojas, Rueda David 1979. "Transportation, Air Pollution And Physical ActivitieS ; an integrated health risk assessment programme of climate change and urban policies (TAPAS)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127112.

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Introduction Interventions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change can involve co-benefits of health, with special active transportation policies (including walking, cycling and travelling by public transport) having the potential to provide both co-benefits to environmental and public health. Methods A health impact assessment approach has been performed using a quantitative model for estimating the health impacts of different active transportation policies in urban areas. Result We have quantified the impacts of two risk factors, air pollution and traffic accidents, as well as the protective effect of physical activity. In total, the benefits of physical activity exceed the risks associated with active transport policies. Conclusions Active transportation policies can produce substantial benefits for public health, which are mainly associated with increased levels of physical activity.
Introducción Las intervenciones para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y cambio climático, pueden conllevar co-beneficios para la salud. En especial las políticas de transporte activo (caminar, viajar en bicicletas o en transporte público) pueden tener la capacidad de proveer beneficios para el medioambiente y la salud. Métodos Mediante el abordaje de la evaluación de impactos en salud se ha utilizado una modelo cuantitativo par estimar los impactos en salud de diferentes intervenciones o políticas de transporte activo, en áreas urbanas. Resultado Se cuantificaron los impactos de dos factores de riesgo, la contaminación del aire y los accidentes de tráfico. Se cuantifico además el efecto protector de la actividad física. En conjunto los beneficios de la actividad física superaron a los riesgos asociados con las políticas de transporte activo. Conclusiones Las políticas de transporte activo pueden producir grandes beneficios para la salud de la población. Estos beneficios están asociados principalmente con el incremento en los niveles de la actividad física.
Introducció Les intervencions per reduir les emissions de gasos d'efecte hivernacle i canvi climàtic, poden implicar beneficis per a la salut. Especialment les polítiques de transport actiu (caminar, viatjar en bicicletes o en transport públic) poden tenir la capacitat de proveir beneficis per al medi ambient i la salut. Mètodes Mitjançant l'abordatge de l'avaluació d'impactes en salut s'ha utilitzat una model quantitatiu per estimar els impactes en salut de diferents intervencions o polítiques de transport actiu en àrees urbanes. Resultat Es van quantificar els impactes de dos factors de risc, la contaminació de l'aire i els accidents de trànsit. Es va quantificar a més l'efecte protector de l'activitat física. En conjunt els beneficis de l'activitat física superar els riscos associats amb les polítiques de transport actiu. Conclusions Les polítiques de transport actiu poden produir grans beneficis per a la salut de la població. Aquests beneficis estan associats principalment amb l’incremento en els nivells de l'activitat física.

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Thielman, Justin. "Do Characteristics of the Built Environment Influence Walking Behaviour Among Urban Adults? A Conceptual Framework, Systematic Review, and Research Plan". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31716.

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Objectives were to improve conceptualization of associations between built environment characteristics (BECs) and walking, synthesize evidence on associations, and propose future research that addresses limitations in existing studies. I designed a conceptual framework of hypothesized BEC - walking associations. I conducted a systematic review, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and TRID for studies investigating BEC - walking associations. Two reviewers screened articles for inclusion. I assessed methodological quality and extracted data from included studies. I used the framework’s hypothesized associations to categorize and synthesize results, then analyzed study limitations and proposed future research that would address many limitations. The review identified 13 studies with 64 estimates that met all criteria. None of the framework’s hypothesized associations had a statistically significant majority of estimates that were statistically significant. Evidence is lacking on BEC – walking associations and more research is needed that addresses methodological issues such as heterogeneous BEC measures and geographic homogeneity.

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Arms, Anda R. "Indicators of success: measuring outcomes of evacuating pets in state and local emergency preparedness operational plans in area of economic and public health value". Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6394.

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Master of Regional and Community Planning
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Richard L. Hoag
Abstract On October 6, 2006 President Bush signed the Pets Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act (PETS Act, Pub. Law No. 109-308). The Act ensures that state and local emergency preparedness operational plans address the needs of individuals with household pets and service animals following a major disaster or emergency (The Library of Congress, 109:H.R. 3858, 2006). This thesis identifies nineteen indicators to be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the PETS program in the areas of economics and public health. This report gives specific examples of how each indicator can be used to measure, assess, guide, and monitor the outcomes of evacuating pets in state or local emergency preparedness operational plans.

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Riemann, Deborah. "THE IMPACT OF PLANS, POLICIES AND PRACTICES OF METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS ON THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STREETS FOR ALL USERS". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1368225055.

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Zhang, Xin. "How Street Features and Lighting Affect Neighborhood Walkability". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563388047593407.

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Mikovsky, Laura P. "Community Participation and Travel Choice: An Analysis of Central Florida New Urban and Conventional Suburban Residents". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5343.

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Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between the built environment and social and transportation outcomes when comparing traditional and conventional suburban neighborhoods, but much remains to be learned about whether New Urbanism can produce similar results. Among studies where new urban neighborhoods have been assessed, most have centered on regions with highly-utilized public transit systems and with climates that are amenable to utilitarian physical activity. This research sought to build on the existing research base through direct comparison of new urban and conventional suburban neighborhoods in central Florida, a region with an under-developed transit system and a climate that renders utilitarian physical activity impractical. Further, this research sought to lend greater insights into neighborhood selection factors across neighborhood types.

A mixed-methods, single-case design was utilized to evaluate one new urban and one conventional suburban neighborhood in the central Florida region. Regional new urban neighborhoods were subjectively rated for adherence to tenets of the Charter of the New Urbanism, with the neighborhood (Celebration, in Osceola County, FL) found to most closely adhere to these tenets selected as the experimental group for the study. A socio-demographically comparable conventional suburban neighborhood (Sweetwater, in Seminole County, FL) was selected as the control group. Quantitative methods consisted of a household survey issued to 250 randomly- and convenience-sampled addresses in each neighborhood, followed by regression analysis to evaluate study hypotheses. Qualitative methods employed analysis of open-ended survey responses, detailed case studies of selected neighborhoods, and resident interviews. The household survey yielded net response rates of 15.79 percent and 25.50 percent for experimental and control neighborhoods, respectively, and a mean cross-neighborhood response rate of 20.64 percent. Twenty resident interviews (10 per neighborhood) were conducted. Quantitative and qualitative findings were compared to collectively address research questions.

Regression results indicated no statistically significant difference between neighborhoods in attitudinal and behavioral components of community participation, in vehicle miles driven per week, or utilitarian physical activity frequency. However, results indicated that new urban residents had more positive attitudes toward utilitarian physical activity than conventional suburban residents and that attitudes toward community participation and utilitarian physical activity were positively correlated with associated behaviors. Qualitative findings provided substantial individual- and environmental-level insights to factors impacting evaluated attitudes and behaviors, and supported some quantitative findings while not aligning with others. Neighborhood selection factors were found to be quite different across neighborhoods: Celebration residents identified neighborhood social atmosphere and connection to the Walt Disney Company brand as top contributors to their selection decision, while Sweetwater residents expressed that access to quality schools was the most important factor in their selection decision. Qualitative findings indicated that car culture and climate within the central Florida region diminished both attitudinal and behavioral components of utilitarian physical activity across neighborhood types.

This research expanded the understanding of the social and transportation outcomes of New Urbanism, particularly with respect to the central Florida region. While case and quantitative limitations may have impeded the ability of this study to draw decisive conclusions about research questions, distinctive themes regarding social and transportation outcomes were identified. Findings of this research supported those of some prior studies while contradicting others, indicating that further exploration is needed to establish a firm understanding of the capabilities of new urban development to achieve desired outcomes, and of regional characteristics that may influence these outcomes.
ID: 031001461; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Ronnie Korosec.; Title from PDF title page (viewed July 8, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 376-387).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs

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Kieu, Le Minh. "Public transportation modeling in urban areas". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70293.

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Public transportation stands a very important role in the modern society. It solves many transportation problems, reduces the negative impacts of motor vehicles to the environment, and brings benefit and mobility to everyone. Public transportation models are used in urban area transit networks in order to predict the future impacts of the traffic policy and changes. Models in public transportation simulation are extensively studied in the literature, but very few have compared all the available models to a traffic data to find which model is the most accurate one in simulating a transit network. This study provides an overview of some of the available approaches in public transportation modeling, describes how they work by both theoretical review and examples. On the analysis, the modeling results from each model are compared with the Stockholm traffic data. The Stockholm traffic data of average weighted travel time, travel distance, in-vehicle travel distance and number of transfers are extracted from the RES05/06 survey data. The model which provides modeling outputs with least root mean square error compared to the survey data is found. This study could give an initial suggestion for the same type of transit modeling in choosing the appropriate model and finding the direction for calibrating the parameter settings through our proposed comparison measures.

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Driffort, Thibaut, Oscar Ogenblad i Luís Sousa Lara. "Move! Bringing Urban Public Transportation towards Sustainability". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3846.

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Today’s societal development is not sustainable. The transportation sector has the potential role to be a tremendous lever for sustainability due to its central position in the societal structure as well as for the current unsustainable trends that occur in this system. Recommendations to public transportation providers were made by highlighting the main existing gaps between the current transportation system and an envisioned future transportation system that could exist in a sustainable society. To highlight these gaps, multiple perspectives were considered. These perspectives were enabled by e.g. User Journey Maps at the individual level and a holistic perspective over the broader urban transport system. The premise is that in order to increase use rates of public transportation, there is a need to better assess and address urban travellers' needs when commuting. For providers to have a strategic, stepwise approach and to be able to bring the public transportation system towards sustainability, the authors recommended that public transportation providers prioritize and implement future actions aligned with the three prioritization questions presented at the strategic level of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development and by defining a criterion that would emphasize that the users’ needs of importance highlighted in the study are fulfilled.

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Su, Qiankun. "Mobile data offloading via urban public transportation networks". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19394/1/SU_Qiankun.pdf.

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Mobile data traffic is increasing at an exponential rate with the proliferation of mobile devices and easy access to large contents such as video. Traffic demand is expected to soar in the next 5 years and a new generation of mobile networks (5G) is currently being developed to address the looming bandwidth crunch. However, significant 5G deployments are not expected until 2020 or even beyond. As such, any solution that offloads cellular traffic to other available networks is of high interest, the main example being the successful offloading of cellular traffic onto WiFi. In this context, we propose to leverage public transportation networks (PTNs) created by regular bus lines in urban centers to create another offloading option for delay tolerant data such as video on demand. This PhD proposes a novel content delivery infrastructure where wireless access points (APs) are installed on both bus stops and buses. Buses act as data mules, creating a delay tolerant network capable of carrying content users can access while commuting using public transportation. Building such a network raises several core challenges such as: (i) selecting the bus stops on which it is best to install APs, (ii) efficiently routing the data, (iii) relieving congestion points in major hubs and (iv) minimizing the cost of the full architecture. These challenges are addressed in the three parts of this thesis. The first part of the thesis presents our content delivery infrastructure whose primary aim is to carry large volumes of data. We show that it is beneficial to install APs at the end stations of bus lines by analyzing the publicly available time tables of PTN providers of different cities. Knowing the underlying topology and schedule of PTNs, we propose to pre-calculate static routes between stations. This leads to a dramatic decrease in message replications and transfers compared to the state-of-the-art Epidemic delay tolerant protocol. Simulation results for three cities demonstrate that our routing policy increases by 4 to 8 times the number of delivered messages while reducing the overhead ratio. The second part of the thesis addresses the problem of relieving congestion at stations where several bus lines converge and have to exchange data through the AP. The solution proposed leverages XOR network coding where encoding and decoding are performed hop-by-hop for flows crossing at an AP. We conduct a theoretical analysis of the delivery probability and overhead ratio for a general setting. This analysis indicates that the maximum delivery probability is increased by 50% while the overhead ratio is reduced by 50%, if such network coding is applied. Simulations of this general setting corroborate these points, showing, in addition, that the average delay is reduced as well. Introducing our XOR network coding to our content delivery infrastructure using real bus timetables, we demonstrate a 35% - 48% improvement in the number of messages delivered. The third part of the thesis proposes a cost-effective architecture. It classifies PTN bus stops into three categories, each equipped with different types of wireless APs, allowing for a fine-grained cost control. Simulation results demonstrate the viability of our design choices. In particular, the 3-Tier architecture is shown to guarantee end-to-end connectivity and reduce the deployment cost by a factor of 3 while delivering 30% more packets than a baseline architecture. It can offload a large amount of mobile data, as for instance 4.7 terabytes within 12 hours in the Paris topology.

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Cheemakurthy, Harsha. "Efficient commuter craft for urban waterborne public transportation". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Marina system, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287834.

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There has been a recent surge in interest in waterborne public transportation (WPT). Publictransport providers (PTP) are seeing its potential in complementing the existing transportnetwork and alleviating urban traffic congestion and pollution. But the adoption of WPTtoday is challenging due to a series of technical and implementation challenges. Thesechallenges include ferry procurement practices, local legislation and policies andenvironmental factors like winter ice. Several of these challenges can be alleviated if efficientferries can be made accessible off-the-shelf with a low manufacturing time and cost. Thethesis focuses on developing such a ferry concept based on modular design whose overalldimensions are standardized and internal arrangement is customizable towards operationalrequirements, with a focus towards sustainable and safe operations in ice.Starting with the characterization of WPT, ferry routes are broadly classified into three types.These routes are described with an operational requirements framework considering allrelevant stakeholder expectations. Then, overall dimensions of vessels representative ofWPT are deduced. Using these dimensions to standardize the overall dimensions, a modularferry concept is developed as an assembly of modules and submodules. The modules arepresented as standardized units having fixed dimensions and interfaces whose internalarrangements can be tailored to meet operational requirements. Design standardizationlowers costs and manufacturing time while internal customization favours tailoring the ferryconcept. One challenge associated with this for the PTP is the difficulty in choosingappropriate modules among multiple alternatives. This is overcome through thedevelopment of a ranking and selection method which benchmarks competing designs andhelps in decision making.In terms of technical challenges for the developed ferry concept, cities like Stockholmexperience freezing of water bodies during winter months. For reliable year-roundoperations that are safe and sustainable in terms of economy and environment, there is aneed for the development of lightweight and robust ice going hulls. This thesis lays thefoundation for the development of such hulls by studying the prevalent ice data and proposesa probabilistic method for estimating the design ice pressures.One must rely on probabilistic methods since most experimental studies are based on seaice whose mechanical properties are different from freshwater ice, which is typical for WPT.Traditionally, classification society rules like the Finnish Swedish Ice Class Rules are usedfor first year light ice conditions which were developed for the Baltic Sea consideringicebreaker vessels. They work well in ensuring a safe design, but their performance forfreshwater ice, applied to commuter ferries have not been tested. Therefore, a probabilisticapproach is adopted where the unknown parameters are incorporated as random variables.The probabilistic method reduces the hull-ice interaction to a pressure and contact-arearelationship. With arctic datasets that closely match WPT conditions as the parent dataset,the probabilistic method is calibrated with exposure conditions for WPT to give the designpressure-area curve. The different uncertainties arising from operations in ice are studied using a statistical tool and the leading source of uncertainty is attributed to ice-loadprediction methods. This establishes the need for more robust methods for prediction of iceloads so that a lightweight, yet robust hull may be designed which is efficient in terms of fueleconomy and emissions.WPT presents a tremendous opportunity in complementing the existing transport network.With careful design and development of the modular ferry concept and its technicalchallenges, it would be easier for PTPs to adopt WPT globally.
De senaste decenniet har intresset ökat för kollektivtrafik på vatten (WPT).Kollektivtrafikleverantörer ser potential att minska trängsel och utsläpp och tillförakapacitet genom att utnyttja de urbana vattenvägarna. Men realiseringen har utmaningar,så väl tekniska som relaterade till regelverk och systempraxis. Dessa omfattar inköp av färjoroch upphandling av vattenburen trafik, lokal lagstiftning och policyer, miljöfaktorer ochdessutom isen vintertid. Flera av dessa utmaningar kan hanteras om effektiva färjor kangöras lättillgängliga med kort tillverkningstid till ett pris i paritet med övrig kollektivtrafik.Avhandlingen fokuserar på att utveckla ett färjekoncept baserat på modulär design medövergripande, standardiserade, dimensioner och med möjlighet att anpassa inredningenefter operativa krav.Efter karaktäriseringen av WPT klassificeras färjerutter i tre kategorier. Dessa rutterbeskrivs i ett operativt ramverk som beaktar relevanta intressenters förväntningar. Därefterbestäms de övergripande dimensionerna för WPT fartyg. Baserat på dessa utvecklas ettmodulärt färjekoncept som en sammansättning av moduler och delmoduler. Modulerna harstandarddimensioner och gränssnitt så att arrangemang kan skräddarsys för att uppfyllaaktuella operativa krav. En utmaning med det modulära färjekonceptet är svårigheten attbedöma vilken kombination av moduler som är bäst när det finns många möjligakombinationer som uppfyller en kravprofil. För att hantera detta utvecklas en rankningsochurvalsmetod för att kunna jämföra konkurrerande lösningar och därmed ge stöd i valetav design.En teknisk utmaning i städer som Stockholm är isen vintertid. För tillförlitlig trafik, åretrunt, som är både säker och hållbar, ekonomiskt och miljömässigt, finns det ett behov avutveckling av lätta och starka skrov som tål att operera i is. Avhandlingen närmar sigutvecklingen av sådana skrov genom att föreslå lämpliga isdata och en sannolikhetsbaseradmetod för att uppskatta dimensionerande isbelastningar.Is för nordiska WPT förhållanden är vanligtvis sötvattensis, vars mekaniska egenskaperskiljer sig från havsis. De flesta studier som beskriver isegenskaper är experimentella ochbaserade på havsis där man måste förlita sig på probabilistiska metoder för att ta hänsyn tillosäkerheter. Traditionellt används regler från klassificeringssällskap, som de finsk-svenskaisklassreglerna FSICR för första års isförhållanden vilket utvecklats för Östersjön ochisbrytande fartyg. Reglerna fungerar för att säkerställa en säker konstruktion men hur välde är anpassade för att dimensionera effektiva pendelfärjor i sötvattenis har inte utretts. Iavhandlingen antas ett probabilistiskt tillvägagångssätt där de okända parametrarna antassom slumpmässiga variabler. Den probabilistiska metoden förenklar interaktionen mellanskrov och is till ett förhållande mellan tryck och kontaktyta. Med publicerad data, som näramatchar WPT-förhållanden, som bas, kalibreras den probabilistiska metoden tillexponeringsförhållanden för WPT för att formulera den dimensionerande tryck-kurvan. Deolika osäkerhetsfaktorerna vid operation i is studeras med statistisk analys som visar att denfrämsta källan till osäkerhet är just förutsägelsen av isbelastningen. Detta fastställer behovet av mer robusta metoder för förutsägelse av isbelastningar så att ett lätt, men ändå starktskrov kan utformas som är effektivt med avseende på bränsleekonomi och utsläpp.WPT ger stora möjligheter att komplettera ett befintligt kollektivtrafik nätverk. Mednoggrann design och tillämpning av det modulära färjekonceptet kan det bli enklare att tatillvara möjligheterna runt om i världen.

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Austin, Andrew Blair Jr. "The taxicab as public transportation in Boston". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66874.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-160).
This thesis investigates the taxicab and its role as a form of public transportation, using Boston's taxicab system as an opportunity to study the mode's function in the city as well as its relationship to other forms of transportation. In many American cities, the taxicab is an important but frequently overlooked public transportation mode, and it represents a significant opportunity to provide mobility in many places where conventional mass transit cannot do so in a cost-effective manner. Strict regulations guide taxicab operations in most cities, but relatively few exist to directly improve taxicab service or to enhance urban mobility. As a result, economic forces exert a primary influence on taxicab operations that does not necessarily produce socially optimal results. The central inquiry of this thesis is when and where the taxicab operates as a complement or a substitute to Boston's mass transit system, and which factors appear to affect its fulfillment of each role. I hypothesize that Boston's taxicabs provide better service in locations where transit is also available than in areas with little or no transit access, and I argue that this outcome is not optimal for a variety of reasons. I investigate taxicab activity in Boston by analyzing trip-level data recorded for Boston taxicabs during the past two years, mapping taxicab activity and specifying regression models that illuminate significant relationships between the taxicab, transit access, and other characteristics of the urban environment. I find evidence that the taxicab acts as both a mass transit substitute and complement in Boston, and that this tendency varies by transit line and time of day. I also use these models to infer the existence of unmet demand for taxicab service and suggest interventions to the Boston taxicab system that might better align its service distribution with demand.
by Andrew Blair Austin, Jr.
M.C.P.

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Fernando, Harsha. "Railway-related transport nodes and their potential role in creation of public realm". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25799101.

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Mntwini, Mkhonto. "Sustainble public bus transport services in the Nelson Mandela Bay". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11875.

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Purpose - Transport is a common constant variable found in just about every aspect of our lives as well as commercial activities; this is so because transport enables accessibility to people, places and goods. The effective management of public passenger transport operations is a more complex and all-embracing concept than what it may appear at first glance. Wider dispersed work place locations and urban sprawl is on the rise driven by among other factors the increased rate of globalisation. A unique opportunity is then presented in a developing country like South Africa for effective planning and management of public passenger bus operations. In the main, the purpose of this case study research was to develop a more sustainable public passenger transport bus operation to better connect people, places and goods. The organisation that will be studied is Blunden Coach Tours a luxury and semi-lux coach Tour operator, operating from the Nelson Mandela Bay. Design / Methodology / Approach – This study employed the case study research approach which was based on the qualitative research paradigm as such allowed for in-depth description and analysis of the case as well as related phenomena in real world context. The researcher focused only on the public passenger bus transport operations in Nelson Mandela Bay thus assuming a single context focus with a single case namely the development of a more sustainable public passenger transport operations in Nelson Mandela Bay. An embedded multiple unit of analysis strategy was employed selecting a sample of key persons responsible for strategic operational areas at Blunden Coach tours, sub-contractors and suppliers. The case study employed an in-depth probing interview process in an effort to better comprehend occurrences within the actual context of the events observed. The secondary sources of information gathered were used to structure and backup the interview questions. Practical implications – The case study enabled thought provoking insight which by virtue of South Africa’s historical socio-economic landscape offered an unusual perspective of the South African bus transport scene with a particular focus on environmental, regulatory and socio-economic sustainability considerations. A limitation to the study – The lack of responses to the interview questions from some of the key role players in the bus industry who were contacted as well as some of the respondents interviewed. The lack of responses to some of the interview questions could be perceived as a limitation to validating the Summary drawn from the study.

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Verster, Belinda. "Public transport interchanges as positive urban living environments". Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1450.

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Thesis (MTech (Town and Regional Planning))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2004
Urban environments are by their very nature vastly complex with regard to the way they operate and how they perform in terms of quality of life. The influence of public transportation on the urban environment was highlighted by the erstwhile South African Minister of Transport, Mr Abdulah Mohamed Omar (Department of Transport 1999) when he said that in order to ensure sustainable urban environments, public transportation needs to be the preferred mode of motorised transportation in our cities. In order for this target to be reached, as set by the Minister, it is clearly necessary that the public transportation system operates at its optimal level and that existing deficiencies be identified and addressed. One typical, under-achieving element in the public transportation systems of cities in the developing world is in fact the Public Transport Interchange (PTI). The quality of PTls and their surrounding urban environments has been seriously neglected and ignored in the past. Evidence strongly suggests that PTls have the potential to provide fundamental preconditions for social and economic development locally and in some instances in the wider metropolitan context. For this potential to be realised, a set of performance measures needs to be identified specifically for PTls as an evaluating tool and to guide upgrades and new developments. However, before such performance measures can be proposed, a full understanding of what a positive urban living environment could be in the context of PTls, needs to be developed. In summary, the objective of this research project is to address the existing shortcomings associated with Public Transport Interchanges by setting performance indicators for evaluating and developing PTls in the developing world context, with specific emphasis on Cape Town, South Africa.

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Cashman, Rosemary. "The marketing of public transportation case study : commuter rail at the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72257.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1987.
Title as it appears in M.I.T. Graduate List, Sept. 1987: The marketing of public transportation, a case study: commuter rail at the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority.
Bibliography: leaves 55-56.
by Rosemary Cashman.
M.C.P.

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Zhou, Ke. "Charging private vehicles to develop public transportation system /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22284564.

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Almetair, Amer Nasser. "The impact of socio-economic change on Saudi urban transportation, eastern region : female transportation". Thesis, Durham University, 1987. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1692/.

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周坷 i Ke Zhou. "Charging private vehicles to develop public transportation system". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260469.

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Kessler, Matthew L. "How Transportation Network Companies Could Replace Public Transportation in the United States". Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7045.

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The quantity of cell phone applications or mobile apps have seen an upsurge at an exponential rate in under a decade. Many have been created for a variety of industries, including transportation. The advent and subsequent commercialized implementation of near-instant transport by a middleman-type of app is now known as a Transportation Network Company or TNC. Examples of the more renowned TNCs are Uber, Lyft and Sidecar. In recent years, TNCs have cultivated a tremendous following, to the degree of taxicab desertion. Moreover, the massive success of TNCs led to expansion of its capacities into public transportation. The TNC’s expeditious popularity has garnered the attention of government and transit agencies. Without fail, TNCs can complement, supplement or compete with transit. However, sparsely has there been any deep discussion about a TNC potentially supplanting transit. The aim of this paper is to show how TNCs could replace public transportation in the United States if subsidized at the same level of transit agencies. Austin, Texas was analyzed as the case study city. A comparison of subsidization between Austin’s transit agency: Cap Metro, the local TNCs, and on a national aggregate level was conducted. The evidence herein clearly shows that TNCs are highly competitive when in revenue service operating at full capacity, potentially replacing public transportation.

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Nahuis, Roel. "The politics of innovation in public transport : issues, settings and displacements /". Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/2008400372.html.

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Univ., Diss.--Utrecht, 2007.
Introduction: displacements, public transport and democracy -- Where are the politics? perspectives on democracy and technology -- Theory and method: issues, settings and displacements -- Following the issues: the case of self-service in the Amsterdam trams -- Settings and framing: the case of a flexible public transport system -- Displacements and democratic quality: the case of high-quality public transport in Utrecht -- Displacements: dynamics and democratic quality.

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Mahato, Binita. "Recreating Urban Density through Public Transportation- A Case Study of Bordeaux, France". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439281773.

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Antos, Justin David. "Paying for public transportation : the optimal, the actual, and the possible". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40101.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
:June 2007."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-121).
Passenger transportation poses challenges to American cities in the form of air pollution, traffic congestion, auto collisions, and barriers to mobility. Public transit has the potential to be part of a solution to these urban problems, yet transit agencies across the country clamor for more resources. Transit finance in the U.S. is heterogeneous, and rarely approached with a comprehensive view of transit's social benefits. This thesis suggests a framework for a more rational magnitude and incidence of public transit funding based on a more comprehensive view of transit's social benefits. I take up the case of the Chicago metropolitan region and quantify the transit system's major emissions, safety, congestion, and mobility benefits. Next, I survey and highlight current practices in transit finance from other cities in North America and Western Europe. Finally, I assess the size, structure, and distribution of burden of Chicago's current transit funding status quo against theoretical and practical principles of transit funding and offer a range of financing alternatives to solve the current fiscal crisis in Chicago.
(cont.) I find evidence that the social benefits of public transportation in Chicago outweigh its costs, suggesting that preserving transit services there is justifiable. Transit's benefits accrue to a variety of jurisdictions in diverse and measurable ways which the current funding structure does not approximate. I find evidence that of the multiple beneficiaries of transit in the region, the subsidy structure in Chicago disproportionately benefits auto drivers who receive significantly more congestion benefits than they pay for. Last, I propose several policy options to increase public subsidy to transit in Chicago, and suggest that one particularly theoretically appealing alternative may be to establish tolls on existing roadways.
by Justin David Antos.
M.C.P.

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Hansen, Svein Ivar. "Transportation and urban development the past and future of Sydney /". Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20041103.152651/index.html.

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Vinay, Kumar Nerella V. "An Analysis on Vehicular Exhaust Emissions from Transit Buses Running on Biodiesel Blends". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271886446.

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Namgung, Mi. "The Relationship between Attitudes, Neighborhood Types, and Travel Behavior: Implications for Public Transportation". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417699048.

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Lau, Ka-wing. "The accessibility of public housing residents to transit services in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42930121.

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Chan, Cheuk-yin Shaun. "A public health perspective on air pollution planning for zero emissions public transport in Hong Kong /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4167943X.

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Kothari, Tejus Jitendra. "A comparative financial analysis of the automobile and public transportation in London". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39935.

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Thesis (M.C.P. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-117).
Automobile systems and public transportation are often organized separately within government structure inhibiting a comparative analysis between the two modes. Further complicating the comparison is that in public transportation systems, not only is infrastructure but vehicles and operators are usually provided by government or contracted private sector partners, while in the automobile system, infrastructure is normally government owned but costs of vehicle ownership and operation and parking are private. However, these private actions have enormous costs. In total in FY 2004-05 in London, private automobile spending was over 14 times greater than public automobile spending, as public spending on the automobile was about £1.4 billion while private spending on the automobile was about £20.9 billion. For public transportation, public spending was about £2.0 billion while private spending was about £2.3 billion. On a normalized basis, when not including time costs, the automobile was 3.7 times more expensive than public transportation on a per trip basis, and 2.0 times more expensive on a per passenger-kilometer basis. When including time costs and segmenting trips by travel zone, we found that public transportation enjoys an advantage for all travel zone combinations, with the advantage being the greatest for trips between outer London and inner London and for trips within inner London. At the household level, we estimated that households well-served by public transportation spend 15 to 18 percent less out-of-pocket on transportation than the average London household, although these savings are outweighed by additional time costs. From our findings in this research, we see significant opportunity for the London region to achieve a more cost-efficient transportation system. First, measures should be pursued to increase the share of variable automobile costs as a percentage of total costs. Policy such as pay-as-you-drive insurance and road pricing or policy inducing greater awareness of parking costs would help shift the burden. Second, public authorities should consider the private expenditures on automobiles and parking, as they are relatively large compared to the public spending on automobiles, when allocating resources between transportation modes.
by Tejus Jitendra Kothari.
M.C.P.and S.B.

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Williamson, Max W. "Measuring the Sustainability of U.S. Public Bicycle Systems". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1574.

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As cities worldwide plan for increasing urbanization levels, new challenges in mobility will arise. Any approach taken to address these new issues will need to consider how to move more people with declining resources, thus the need for a sustainable solution arises. This thesis examines the growing trend of cities creating public bicycle systems as a means to add sustainability to a transportation system and identifies what are the criteria and indicators of a sustainable public bicycle. The criteria and indicators are used to examine data collection techniques of three Public Bicycle Systems in the United States: Capital Bikeshare in Washington, D.C., Nice Ride in Minneapolis, Minnesota and Denver B-Cycle in Denver, Colorado.

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Sturgeon, Lianne Renee. "The Impact of Transportation Network Companies on Public Transit: A Case Study at the San Francisco International Airport". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1318.

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The emergence and rapid growth of Transportation Network Companies (TNCs), such as Uber and Lyft, has challenged the transportation industry by offering a new mode of transportation to consumers. It is imperative that transit agencies and cities understand the effect of TNCs on public transit usage to make informed decisions. This study analyzes the impact of TNCs on Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) ridership at the San Francisco International Airport (SFO) to measure the effect of TNCs on public transit. Using a fixed effects model to analyze hourly BART and TNC ridership data from 2011 to 2018, these findings suggest that TNCs are a substitute to BART. Before the entrance of TNCs, BART ridership at the BART SFO station increases. However, with the presence of TNCs, BART ridership at the SFO station decreases. Further research will proxy for transportation demand using hourly air traffic data at SFO and an instrumental variable for TNC supply to reduce endogeneity.

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Patil, Dheeraj Shashikant. "Sustainable urban form for Pune: public transit systems as catalyst". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261322.

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Yang, Yang, i 杨洋. "Analysis of public transport for urban tourism in China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4654169X.

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Jacobi, Amy Elizabeth. "Fiscal federalism and its potential effects on public transportation in mid-sized cities". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73704.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"June 2012." Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-90).
The current fiscally conservative climate on Capitol Hill, as the next surface transportation bill is being negotiated, may possibly carry over to a greater dependence on fiscal federalism for funding public transportation. With local governments already straining their resources, an examination of how a greater reliance on local funds for public transit is a prudent topic. This thesis focuses on expenditures (both total and operating) by public transit systems in four mid-sized US cities and their revenue sources between 2005 and 2010 in order to ascertain if systems that are more reliant on local revenues for their expenditures are more cost effective, more cost efficient, and more service effective than their peers. It also examines the local revenue sources and whether systems that are more heavily reliant on local funds use a more diverse set of revenue generation tools. This thesis uses a multiple case study approach in order to examine the trends in expenditures and revenue sources by four bus and demand response public transportation systems in Alabama, Oklahoma and Nebraska. The findings of this thesis, while not generalizable to all transit systems in mid-sized cities, indicate that systems that are the most reliant on local revenues are not necessarily the most cost efficient, perhaps because the burden of financial responsibility is too large for the system to effectively handle. Trends also indicate that systems that have heavier reliance on local funds generate their revenues through a more diverse set of sources than their peers.
by Amy Elizabeth Jacobi.
M.C.P.

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Lee, Ka-ho Carol. "Public transport transfer systems the policies and management of urban transport systems in Hong Kong /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4293008X.

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Mancheva, Marta. "Hidden Transcripts on Public Transportation: A Meta-Methodological Exploration of Visual Ethnography in Qualitative Transportation Research". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259147.

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Better understanding of urban travelers is necessary, as sustainable development is becoming an integral part of transportation policy and practice. A volume of research shows people’s expressed willingness to adopt more sustainable urban travel behaviours, but a general sense of resistance to change is often encountered. Current methods in transportation research are not able to fully grasp on individual motivations such as discontent with public transport. This gap of knowledge in qualitative transportation research calls for the development of new methods. James Scott’s concept of the hidden transcript allows for the assumption that there are expressions of dissatisfaction towards public transportation at grassroots level. In order to access hidden transcripts on public transportation in Stockholm there is a need for a new method, which is developed in this thesis. The proposed visual mixed method draws from principles of visual ethnography, virtual ethnography, nethnography and social media research. The methodology is then tested and assessed as a platform to give voice to hidden transcripts on public transportation. The choice of method for developing the method is meta-methodology. The discussion sheds light on the potential of the framework (1) to grant access to hidden transcripts; (2) to fill a knowledge gap in transportation qualitative research; (3) to assist planners towards sustainable development of urban transportation.

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Harrison, Kevin. "Measuring Access to Employment to Guide and Evaluate Public Transit Service Planning in New Orleans". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2256.

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New software and technology is making it easier than ever before for public transportation planners to evaluate how quickly residents can reach jobs and other destinations. Because in the past it was difficult to measure access to opportunities, these concepts remained primarily in the theoretical and academic realms of research. This thesis reviews methods that could be used to evaluate routine bus service improvements and performs a comparative analysis of different methods in the context of New Orleans. There are many different variables in how the analysis could be performed, but this thesis focuses on the role that time of day plays in analyzing service changes. The results show that accessibility can be a very useful metric to evaluate the effectiveness of transit service changes. It goes on to explore techniques that could assist transit planners and schedulers to identify service gaps and prioritize service changes.

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Enoch, Marcus Paul. "Bus-based best-practice and urban transport emissions". Thesis, n.p, 1998. http://library7.open.ac.uk/abstracts/page.php?thesisid=74.

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Cenizal, Callida. "Governing the metropolis : the evolution of cooperative metropolitan governance in Mexico City's public transportation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98927.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, June 2015.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. "June 2015."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 90-95).
What enables cooperation at the metropolitan scale? This thesis explores public transportation planning in the Mexico City metropolitan area (MCMA) for empirical evidence to better understand what institutional, financial, and political conditions encourage and deter cooperative metropolitan governance. The MCMA, made up of several state-level jurisdictions, predominantly the Federal District (DF) and the State of Mexico (Edomex), continues to expand rapidly, surpassing their jurisdictional capacities and putting pressure on infrastructure like public transit, which carries almost two-thirds of daily traffic. Unhindered and even instigated by transportation and land use decisions, growth has spilled over from the historic downtown area, concentrated in the northern half of the DF, into Edomex, complicating the development, implementation, and enforcement of policies across the two jurisdictions. Using three cases of recent metropolitan-scale transit projects - Linea B, the Tren Suburbano, and Méxibus Linea 4 - as a lens, this thesis investigates how institutions and actors approach the jurisdictional and functional divides between the states, and how they have done so in the past. By examining the interactions of the various actors and institutions around the planning and implementation of each case, this thesis argues that the broadening of the transportation policy network reflects a more effective approach to metropolitan governance, auguring a future in which cooperation and competition in fact coexist at this scale not only within the realm of public transportation but also as part of overall urban dynamics.
by Callida Cenizal.
M.C.P.

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45

Cole, Peter. "Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia: modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880". Thesis, Cole, Peter (2000) Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia: modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/660/.

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The decline of public transport in Western Australia is observed in four separate historical studies which narrate the political and administrative history of each major urban transport mode. Perth's suburban railway system is examined as part of the State's widespread rail network, including the extravagantly-equipped short-lived suburban railway in Kalgoorlie. Political interference in early railway operations is studied in detail to determine why Perth's rail-based public transport systems were so poorly developed and then neglected or abandoned for much of the twentieth century. The llnique events in Kalgoorlie at the turn of the century are presented as potent reasons for the early closure of Perth's urban tramway system and the fact that no purpose-built suburban railways were constructed in Perth until 1993. The road funding arrangements of the late nineteenth century are considered next, in order to demonstrate the very early basis for the present lavish non-repayable grants of money for road construction and maintenance by all three layers of government. The development of private and government bus networks is detailed last, with particular attention paid to the failure of private urban bus operators in the 1950s and the subsequent formation of a government owned and operated urban bus monopoly. The capital structure and accounting practices of public transport modes are analysed to provide a critique of popular myths concerning the merits of each. In order to obtain an impression of the changing political view of different transport modes, the attitude of politicians to public transport and the private motor car over the last one hundred and twenty years is captured in summary narrations of some of the more important parliamentary transport debates. Two possible explanations of public transport decline are discussed in conclusion; one relying a neoclassical economic theory of marginal pricing, and the other on an observation on the fate of large capital investments in the modern party-based democratic system of government.

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Cole, Peter. "Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia : modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880". Murdoch University, 2000. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061122.125641.

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The decline of public transport in Western Australia is observed in four separate historical studies which narrate the political and administrative history of each major urban transport mode. Perth's suburban railway system is examined as part of the State's widespread rail network, including the extravagantly-equipped short-lived suburban railway in Kalgoorlie. Political interference in early railway operations is studied in detail to determine why Perth's rail-based public transport systems were so poorly developed and then neglected or abandoned for much of the twentieth century. The llnique events in Kalgoorlie at the turn of the century are presented as potent reasons for the early closure of Perth's urban tramway system and the fact that no purpose-built suburban railways were constructed in Perth until 1993. The road funding arrangements of the late nineteenth century are considered next, in order to demonstrate the very early basis for the present lavish non-repayable grants of money for road construction and maintenance by all three layers of government. The development of private and government bus networks is detailed last, with particular attention paid to the failure of private urban bus operators in the 1950s and the subsequent formation of a government owned and operated urban bus monopoly. The capital structure and accounting practices of public transport modes are analysed to provide a critique of popular myths concerning the merits of each. In order to obtain an impression of the changing political view of different transport modes, the attitude of politicians to public transport and the private motor car over the last one hundred and twenty years is captured in summary narrations of some of the more important parliamentary transport debates. Two possible explanations of public transport decline are discussed in conclusion; one relying a neoclassical economic theory of marginal pricing, and the other on an observation on the fate of large capital investments in the modern party-based democratic system of government.

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47

Tan, Tony. "Application of the hub concept to urban public transport in Hong Kong a case study of North Point /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37225017.

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Bernstein, Autumn Rachel. "Technical Assistance for Disadvantaged Communities Seeking Grant Funding| A Case Study of the Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities Program". Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10681478.

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Disadvantaged communities in California and across the US encounter unique barriers to attracting competitive funding for affordable housing, economic development, sustainability initiatives and other needs. This paper examines an effort underway in California to overcome these barriers by providing subsidized technical assistance to disadvantaged communities that apply for certain cap and trade-funded grant programs. Specifically, we evaluate the effectiveness of California’s technical assistance (TA) pilot run by the California Strategic Growth Council (SGC) for the Affordable Housing & Sustainable Communities (AHSC) Grant Program. We find that applicants who received comprehensive technical assistance, such as the services provided by the SGC TA pilot, enjoyed a strong competitive advantage over those who do not receive assistance. We also find evidence that projects aimed at serving disadvantaged communities see greater benefits from technical assistance than projects in more affluent communities.

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Gudz, Eric Matthew. "Guiding Spaces Towards Inclusivity| How Roadway Design can Increase the Prevalence of Active Transportation and Catalyze the Propensity of Inclusionary Public Policy". Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10165932.

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With the goal of improving the integration of multiple travel modes into traditional roadway designs, many jurisdictions have considered road diets, characterized by reductions in vehicular traffic lanes and reallocation of right-of-way for other modes. Studies show that road diets can improve safety without slowing automobile traffic, but benefits for pedestrians and bicyclists have not been widely documented. Furthermore, the potential for our built environment, specifically roadway redesign, to promote the integration of more inclusive design remains open for further exploration. To address this gap, the effects of a road diet project in Davis, CA were examined. Data were collected on the number of bicyclists and pedestrians at key intersections and automobile travel times along the corridor before and after the road diet treatment. The analysis shows that every intersection studied experienced a statistically significant increase in the number of bicyclists during either or both the morning and evening peak periods. On average across all intersections studied along the corridor, the number of bicyclists using Fifth Street increased by 243%, but the change in pedestrian volumes was not statistically significant. Contrary to common fears about road diets, automobile travel times decreased a statistically significant amount during the evening peak. A nearly 10 percentage point change in bicyclist gender distribution was recorded after the road diet, providing insight towards an increased perception of safety and comfort among Fifth Street bicyclists and the expanded potential of roadway designs for inclusionary social planning. As demonstrated by this study, the reconfiguration of our roadways towards multimodality has definite potential to not only address health, environmental, and safety concerns but also to move roadways towards more balanced gender accessibility.

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Cheng, Chien-Ke. "Sustainable urban design within contemporary urban policy| A comparative study between Chicago and Taipei". Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3574932.

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This research and methodology develop a set of statistical measurements to evaluate sustainability — in terms of desired high urban density, walkability for community amenity and convenience for everyday life — at the level of urban design for the cities of Chicago, USA and Taipei, Taiwan. The method, based upon GIS (Geographical Information System) technology, is used at this spatial level and for this type of academic study for the first time. The research analyzes and compares the percentage of each city's population living within the "Quarter Mile Radius Sphere of Influence" (QMSI) for three classes of community amenities: parks, public elementary schools, and subway stations. The new and unique statistical data obtained in this thesis show a great disparity between the two cities.

1. Chicago has 31.98% of its population living within the QMSI of public elementary schools. Taipei has 49.64% of its population living within the QMSI of public elementary schools.

2. For subway stations, Chicago has only 8.09% of its population living in the QMSI, while Taipei has 25.99%.

3. For urban parks, Chicago has 44.06% of its population living in the QMSI, while Taipei has 88.80%.

Further, based upon comparison, this research also discovers that the "sweet spot" areas — intersection of the QMSIs of all three community amenities — are mostly distributed along subway lines. With this indication, the research visualizes and supports the objective of improved public transit and walkability as key factors for sustainability in urban design in this case. The research also demonstrates the usefulness of GIS technology's new application in urban design studies for the future. The research shows that this new method has applicability for academic studies in other urban contexts, and for future international urban design and planning.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Urban transportation- Public health”

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