Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Urban transportation- Public health

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Urban transportation- Public health”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Urban transportation- Public health"

Zhang, Min, Yufu Liu, Yixiong Xiao, Wenqi Sun, Chen Zhang, Yong Wang i Yuqi Bai. "Vulnerability and Resilience of Urban Traffic to Precipitation in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 23 (24.11.2021): 12342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312342.

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The concept of Healthy Cities, introduced by the World Health Organization, demonstrates the value of health for the whole urban system. As one of the most important components of urban systems, transportation plays an important role in Healthy Cities. Many transportation evaluation systems focus on factors such as road networks, parking spaces, transportation speed, accessibility, convenience, and commuting time, while the vulnerability and resilience of urban transportation are rarely evaluated. This study presents the preliminary progress in the evaluation of traffic vulnerability and resilience during precipitation events in 39 Chinese cities. Traffic congestion index data, derived from the Baidu Map Smart Transportation Platform, and rainfall data, derived from NASA’s global precipitation measurement, are utilized. Traffic vulnerability index, traffic resilience index, and the corresponding quantitative methods are proposed, and the analysis results are presented. This study is of value in improving the understanding of urban traffic vulnerability and resilience, and in enabling the quantitative evaluation of them in urban health assessment and the Healthy Cities program.

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Jeon, Jeongbae, Solhee Kim i Sung Moon Kwon. "The Effects of Urban Containment Policies on Public Health". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 9 (8.05.2020): 3275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093275.

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Public health risks such as obesity are influenced by numerous personal characteristics, but the local spatial structure such as an area’s built environment can also affect the obesity rate. This study analyzes and discusses how a greenbelt plan as a tool of urban containment policy has an effect on obesity. This study conducted spatial econometric regression models with five factors (13 variables) including transportation, socio-economic, public health, region, and policy factors. The relationship was analyzed between two policy effects of a greenbelt (i.e., a green buffer zone) and obesity. The variables for two policy effects of greenbelt zones are the size of the greenbelt and the inside and outside areas of the greenbelt. The results indicate that the two variables have negative effects on obesity. The results of the analyses in this study have several policy implications. Greenbelts play a role as an urban growth management policy, leading to a reduced obesity rate due to the influence of the transportation mode. In addition, greenbelts can also reduce the obesity rate because they provide recreation spaces for people.

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Saleena Beevi, S., i B. Pradeep Kumar. "Sustainable Solutions for Better Public Road Transportation". Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, nr 4 (1.09.2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i4.3315.

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Transportation undoubtedly fastens economic growth by providing ways to initiate various modes. Population explosion, industrialization, and urbanization created more challenges to environmental stability. Urban transport is one of the essential components of urban development. Sustainable transportation includes the most efficient and convenient movement of people and vehicles with the least amount of energy, congestion, and environmental impacts. Therefore proper sustainable transport solutions are needed to pace with the developmental process. The paper attempts to provide some solutions that can ensure better human health and protection of the environment. These solutions include minimizing toxic gas emissions, electro mobility, road traffic management, congestion pricing, better parking policies, etc. These ecofriendly modes can improve the quality of public road transport and human life.

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Dogra, Shilpa, Nicholas O’Rourke, Michael Jenkins i Daniel Hoornweg. "Integrated Urban Mobility for Our Health and the Climate: Recommended Approaches from an Interdisciplinary Consortium". Sustainability 13, nr 22 (17.11.2021): 12717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212717.

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Background: The purpose of this paper is to suggest an approach to aid with the creation of an interdisciplinary team and evidence-informed solutions addressing the urban mobility challenges facing many communities. Methods: We created a local Urban Mobility Consortium with experts from different disciplines to discuss the development of healthy, accessible communities, electrification, ride-sharing, and overarching issues related to urban mobility. A workshop and survey data collected during COVID-19 are presented in this paper. Results: Several evidence-informed recommendations are provided. Broadly, these were: (1) support the creation and development of accessible and safe active-transportation infrastructure; (2) incentivize and prioritize the use of active, public, and shared transportation over use of personal vehicles; (3) ensure connectivity of active transportation infrastructure with major destinations and public transportation options; (4) work towards electrification of personal and public transportation; and (5) work across siloes to improve integrated mobility to impact climate and health related outcomes, and enhance overall efficiency. Conclusions: An integrated approach is needed to improve mobility, access, and environmental impact. This needs to be carried out in the local context and requires government and non-governmental leadership.

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Kircher, Roland, Johannes Kluehspies, Eckert Fritz i Reiner Koehler. "Mobility on demand – vision of a flexible future urban mobility". Transportation Systems and Technology 5, nr 2 (19.07.2019): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201952130-138.

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Background: The present situation in megacities is characterized by traffic congestion, capacity limits of public transportation systems. In addition, environmental regulations due to potential health risks will have an increasing impact on urban transportation systems. Aim: In this paper, we describe major technology trends in transportation and in information and communication systems which will influence urban transportation in future megacities. Based on these trends a vision of a sustainable urban transportation system is developed. Method: In a first step, trends in urban development and the individual needs are analyzed. Digitalization of transportation and communication technologies offer new business opportunities for Artificial Intelligence (AI) based services. Results: The intelligent combination of advanced transportation technologies in large buildings and AI based services enables a vision of Mobility on Demand, representing a flexible and sustainable urban transportation in future megacities. Conclusion: The vision Mobility on Demand illustrates the effective and flexible integration of individual transportation needs into public transportation systems. Depending on the standards of future individual vehicles such vehicles could be integrated seamlessly into the urban Maglev transportation system.

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Bikis, Addis. "Urban Air Pollution and Greenness in Relation to Public Health". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2023 (30.01.2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8516622.

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Background. Air pollution is the result of economic growth and urbanization. Air pollution has been progressively recognized as a serious problem for cities, through widespread effects on health and well-being. There is less concern from stakeholders about greenness and air pollution mitigating factors in an urban area. This research targeted to indicate the spatial dissemination of greenery, air quality levels (PM2.5, PM10, CO2, and AQI), and exposure to air quality-related health risks for the people in the urban area. Method. The data were collected by measuring air quality at transportation stations and manufacturing industries with Air visual pro, then observing and mapping greenness in the city within the administrative boundary by GIS (street greenery, forest, availability of greenness in the manufacturing industry), and lastly questionnaire and interview were employed for air quality-related health issues. Then, the air quality data were analyzed by using USAQI standards and health messages. Both quantitative and qualitative research approach had employed to explore air pollution levels, availability of greenness, and air quality-related health issues. Moreover, Health questionnaires and greenness were correlated with air quality levels by a simple linear regression model. Result. The result indicated that there was unhealthy air quality in the transportation and manufacturing industries. The measured air quality showed in a range of 50.13–96.84 μg/m3 of PM2.5, 645–1764 ppm of CO2, and 137–179 Air quality index (AQI). The highest mean of PM2.5 and air quality concentrations at Addis Ababa transportation stations and manufacturing sites ranged between 63.46 and 104.45 μg/m3 and 179–326, respectively. It was observed with less street greenery and greenness available in residential, commercial areas, and manufacturing industries. The pollution level was beyond the limit of WHO standards. The result has shown a health risk to the public in the city, particularly for drivers, street vendors, and manufacturing industry employees. Among 480 respondents, 57.92% experienced health risks due to air pollution by medical evidence. Conclusion. High health risks due to industries and old motor vehicles in the city need to be reduced by introducing policies and strategies for low-carbon, minimizing traveling distance, encouraging high occupancy vehicles, and promoting a green legacy in the street network and green building.

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Asmael, Noor M., i Mohanned Q. Waheed. "Service evaluation of urban public transportation in Baghdad City". E3S Web of Conferences 402 (2023): 09019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340209019.

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Public transport performance is an important tool for users and operators. It generally allows them to verify whether the service is provided efficiently and effectively, identify areas where performance improvement may be needed, ensure that the community and users are satisfied; and support decision-making. In this research, the public transport routes located in different areas in Baghdad were studied. Public transport lines are used daily by people because they pass through vital areas and serve all passengers, students, employees, and others for several purposes. Data were taken on different days and at peak hours for four routes. The service level of public transport relied upon Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 100 scales was adopted to determine the level of service for each route. The most important problems faced by each line were identified, and based on these problems, appropriate solutions were proposed as they are important lines that serve a large group of people.

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Ge, Wenjing, i Guixiang Zhang. "Resilient Public Transport Construction in Mega Cities from the Perspective of Ecological Environment Governance". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (8.08.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9143618.

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With the rapid development of the social economy, environmental and resource constraints of economic growth are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, for cities, we should take the road of green development and sustainable development. On the one hand, we should fully implement the basic policies issued by the central government. On the other hand, we should fully integrate the actual situation of the city to make it better implemented, which will help to improve the ability of ecological environment governance and consolidate the ecological advantages of the city. With the development of the urban economy and the continuous increase of population, the development pressure faced by cities is also increasing. Innovating urban construction mode has increasingly become the focus of the development of the new era. The main reason is that the continuous growth of the urban population, environmental pollution, traffic congestion, and ecological damage has caused great trouble to urban residents. The traditional public service governance model has been unable to meet the current public service needs of urban residents. Based on this background, major cities around the world have begun to study urban resilience in order to prevent and resist the interference and impact brought by the outside world and maintain the sound development of the urban system. Based on the demand for ecological environment governance, this study analyzes the current situation and causes of urban ecological environment governance in China and the problems existing in urban resilient transportation construction in China, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures for ecological environment governance and the current situation of urban resilient public transportation construction. This study has great theoretical and practical significance to promote the sustainable development of the Chinese ecological environment and the resilience construction of urban transportation.

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Xu, Qiangqiang, Junhua Guo, Jianjie Gao i Xi Cheng. "Optimization design of real-time scheduling scheme for city bus vehicles based on BP neural network". E3S Web of Conferences 372 (2023): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337201012.

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Urban public transportation is inseparably related to people’s travel and life. Prioritizing the development of public transportation is a major national policy proposed by the Chinese government, especially to actively promote the development of intelligent public transportation systems. Developing and building advanced intelligent public transport operation and scheduling management system, designing efficient, flexible and low-cost operation and scheduling mode, improving the management level and service quality of public transport enterprises, and thus improving the road traffic condition of the whole city, is undoubtedly the future development direction of public transport enterprises. This paper combines the problems of bus operation and scheduling in China at the present stage, and proposes the operation and scheduling model and method of the intelligent urban public transportation planning system, with a view to realizing a flexible public transportation operation model suitable for different service situations and providing systematic theoretical support for solving the imbalance between supply and demand of public transportation.

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Zhou, Xuemei, Zhen Guan, Jiaojiao Xi i Guohui Wei. "Public Transportation Operational Health Assessment Based on Multi-Source Data". Applied Sciences 11, nr 22 (11.11.2021): 10611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210611.

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In order to solve the problem of inefficient long-term operation of urban public transport vehicles and the difficulty of finding the cause of the disease, a new analysis idea was designed using machine learning methods. This study aimed to provide a rapid, accurate, and convenient solution model and algorithm to address the drawbacks of traditional analysis tools that are incapable of handling multiple sources of public transport data. Based on a full process analysis of the bus operation status, the influencing factors and calculation methods were defined. Afterwards, the calculation results were used to construct a training set with a Random Forest regression model to obtain the weight ranking of different influencing factors. The results of the simulation validation proved that the model can use the basic data of bus operation to quickly find out the primary factors affecting the operation condition and pinpoint to the bottleneck interval. The method has high accuracy and feasibility. It can be universally applied to the analysis of regular bus scenarios to provide strong decision support for the operation level.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Urban transportation- Public health"

Schneider, Jacquelyn Renee. "Walking in Washington| Examining the Distinctions in Super Pedestrian Walking Trips in the District of Columbia". Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10124388.

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This study defines and determines the characteristics of super pedestrian trips in Washington, D.C. Super pedestrian trips are defined here as trips greater than the third quartile distance based on data from the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG) Household Travel Survey 2010/2011. In this case, super pedestrian trips are quantified as greater than 0.6 miles; super pedestrians are those completing the trip. A trip is defined as one complete segment of travel (i.e., walking directly from home to the office). Using data from the MWCOG Household Travel Survey 2010/2011, this study determines who makes super pedestrian trips in Washington, D.C. and assesses their socio-demographic characteristics using a linear regression model. The results from the linear regression model show that super pedestrians are likely to be young, low-income, male minorities without driver’s licenses or access to vehicles within the household. Pedestrians traveling the farthest distance may do so only out of necessity. The bulk of current planning and transportation literature focuses on the shortest pedestrian travel distances for trips typically less than one-quarter mile. However, pedestrians are walking greater distances and it is worth understanding from a planning and policy perspective the implications of these trips for livability and design of the urban environment. The core findings from this research contribute to the growing body of research on pedestrian behavior by illuminating the socio-demographic characteristics of those walking the farthest distances.

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Yan, Yihong. "Air pollution in China: a study of public perception". Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32599.

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Master of Regional and Community Planning
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Brent Chamberlain
Air pollution is a serious health and environmental problem. In fact, poor air quality has been linked to numerous diseases and is a significant public health issue related to urban planning. These problems can be clearly seen in urban Chinese cities, most recently with the first ever Red Alert in Beijing China in 2015. In 2015, director Chai Jing developed a documentary depicting the bad effects on health of air pollution in China. However, soon after the release of the film, it was banned. One important finding in the film was the misperception the Chinese people had about the kinds of pollution and the health impacts. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the extent to which Chinese people understand the causes of air pollution and their related health effects. Accordingly, a survey was produced and delivered via Chinese social medium. The survey had three objectives: study the perception of 1) Air quality and the source of air pollution, 2) Health effects if air pollution, and 3) Air pollution and Environmental policies. The results show that 44% Chinese people feel air quality is worse now than a year before, and 72% people feel air pollution has affected their health. One main finding in this study was that younger people took the survey more than older people, as perhaps because they may have started to have a family or become a family; this is significant because air pollution is harmful for children. The other main finding was that 52% people did not know a China Air Pollution and Prevention Law exists.

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Kocak, Talha Kemal. "Investigating Air Pollution and Equity Impacts of a Proposed Transportation Improvement Program for Tampa". Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7832.

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Transportation infrastructure is important for human mobility and population well-being. However, it can also have detrimental impacts on health and equity, including through increased air pollution and its unequal social distribution. There is a need for better understanding of these impacts and for better approaches that improve health and equity outcomes of transportation planning programs. In this study, we are investigating the air pollution and health equity impacts of an ongoing large-scale metropolitan transportation improvement program, Tampa Bay Next (TBNext). Specific objectives are: 1) to characterize and quantify the air pollution levels and population exposures resulting from the roadway expansion currently planned under TBNext, and 2) to identify key attributes that could improve health and equity consideration in TBNext and similar programs. Using a multi-component modeling system that combines agent-based travel demand simulation with air pollution dispersion estimation, we simulated population exposures to oxides of nitrogen (NOx) resulting from two scenarios: one with the proposed TBNext lane expansions and one without it. To elucidate potential impacts on equity, including disparities in exposure for low-income and minority groups, the distribution of exposure among the population was compared using three measures of inequality. Additionally, through document review, we also performed a qualitative analysis of the TBNext program from a Health in All Policies (HiAP) perspective. Results from the modeling component indicate that the proposed lane scenario increased the number of vehicles, NOx emission rates, NOx concentration, and block group NOx exposure densities in downtown Tampa and its surrounding neighborhoods during the morning and evening rush hours. However, the proposed lanes also caused a decrease in the simulated total emissions and the daily average NOx concentration in Hillsborough County. The average individual-level NOx exposure also decreased, but disparities in exposure for minority and the below-poverty population groups increased in the proposed lane scenario. Results of the HiAP analysis suggest that health and equity should be priorities in major policies and programs such as transportation improvement programs. Multi-sectoral collaboration that provides benefit for all parties and stakeholders is also essential to improve the health and equity outcomes. Furthermore, health departments and public health agencies should be included in the transportation decision-making process. Finally, improving active transportation modes was commonly found in HiAP case studies to promote public health and equity in transportation planning programs. Evaluation of TBNext transportation improvement program from the HiAP perspective show that health consideration was not one of the priorities in the program. However, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) frequently engaged with stakeholders in community meetings throughout the recent development process of the program. Additionally, FDOT and local governments addressed some inequity issues as a response to public concerns. Through assessment of a real case study, the results of this study contribute to the body of knowledge on the air quality and equity impacts of large-scale transportation improvement programs. Further, they suggest that air quality assessments and equity analyses should be conducted in more detail than what the law currently requires for transportation programs. Lastly, this study also shows that the HiAP paradigm could promote health and equity outcomes of transportation improvement programs.

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Marcus, Michelle J. "Examining Correlations with Frequency of Walking Trips In Metropolitan Areas". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/54.

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This research assessed correlations between funding for pedestrian facilities, presence of walkways, and daily and weekly walking trips in a sample of United States residents living in metropolitan areas. The purpose of the research was to identify factors at the policy and environmental level which are associated with a greater frequency of walking trips, and therefore may influence physical activity levels. Data from the U.S. Federal Highway Administration’s 2001 National Household Travel Survey and the Thunderhead Alliance’s 2007 Benchmarking Report: Bicycling and Walking in the U.S. were combined to provide variables for the number of daily and weekly walking trips, perceived lack of walkways, age, distance to work, housing unit density for each household, household income, and per capita federal and non-federal funding for pedestrian facilities for each metropolitan area. Correlation analysis and analysis of variance was conducted to test for associations with walking trip frequency and lack of walkways. The results suggested that increased walking trips were associated with increased non-federal funding but not with increased federal funding; and that increased federal funding was associated with reduced lack of walkways (but not increased non-federal funding), especially for lower-income respondents. These associations were statistically significant but not strong. Very little research has been conducted on the health effects of funding for pedestrian facilities; this research showed that more extensive study in this area is needed and that further integration of public health into transportation planning is in order.

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Brennan, Eugene Phillip. "Oceano Community Health Plan". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1276.

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ABSTRACT Oceano Community Health Plan Phillip Brennan Recent, mounting research shows that chronic disease, the leading causes of death and primary driver of health care costs, cannot be effectively addressed through education or preventative health alone. A physical environment that promotes health—through access to healthy food, opportunities for physical activity, quality housing, transportation options, and safe schools—is an integral part of making our communities healthier. This research and accompanying Healthy Community Plans will serve as a way for the County to begin looking in-depth at the ways the built environment (our streets, parks, and neighborhoods) contribute or detract from the health of the community. Though the creation of a healthy general plan may be unattainable for the County in the short term, a focus on a small yet cohesive part of the county presents an opportunity to affect these changes. Under the direction of the SLO County Health Agency and the Health Commission, we have written Healthy Community Plans for the unincorporated communities of Cayucos and Oceano, California. Both of these plans were greatly informed by their respective communities through input garnered through outreach, interviews, surveys and personal interactions with community members. This project examines the relationship between the built environment and public health, and explores ways planning professionals are beginning to address health issues through infrastructure, land use, creative zoning, and planning strategies that promote health and active living in policy. The planning documents, modeled after health elements currently being included in general plans throughout California, have integrated the fields of planning and public health to provide Cayucos and Oceano an assessment of its residents’ health, a description of the current built environment conditions that may be helping or hindering physical activity and access to nutritious food sources, as well as establish goals, policies and implementation strategies that will set a course of action toward healthier communities. Key Words: planning, public health, physical activity, built environment, community, active transportation

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Iroz-Elardo, Nicole. "Participation, Information, Values, and Community Interests Within Health Impact Assessments". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1846.

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Health impact assessment (HIA) has emerged in the U.S. as one promising process to increase social and environmental justice through addressing health equity issues within planning. HIA practice is guided by values such as democracy and equity and grounded in broad social determinants of health. The most readily applied definition of democracy is problematic because it implies an element of direct, participatory engagement with the public. This is at odds with HIA practice that largely relies on stakeholder engagement strategies. This dissertation critically examines the engagement strategies of three transportation planning HIA cases to more fully understand how the HIA process may or may not promote democratic values and protect community health interests. It employs a multi-case study design that uses qualitative content analysis to trace community health interests through the HIA process, HIA document, and target plan. It finds that while the field is overstating the participatory nature of HIA, commitments to health equity and broad determinants of health protect community health interests with and without robust engagement of community stakeholders.

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Rojas, Rueda David 1979. "Transportation, Air Pollution And Physical ActivitieS ; an integrated health risk assessment programme of climate change and urban policies (TAPAS)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127112.

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Introduction Interventions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change can involve co-benefits of health, with special active transportation policies (including walking, cycling and travelling by public transport) having the potential to provide both co-benefits to environmental and public health. Methods A health impact assessment approach has been performed using a quantitative model for estimating the health impacts of different active transportation policies in urban areas. Result We have quantified the impacts of two risk factors, air pollution and traffic accidents, as well as the protective effect of physical activity. In total, the benefits of physical activity exceed the risks associated with active transport policies. Conclusions Active transportation policies can produce substantial benefits for public health, which are mainly associated with increased levels of physical activity.
Introducción Las intervenciones para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y cambio climático, pueden conllevar co-beneficios para la salud. En especial las políticas de transporte activo (caminar, viajar en bicicletas o en transporte público) pueden tener la capacidad de proveer beneficios para el medioambiente y la salud. Métodos Mediante el abordaje de la evaluación de impactos en salud se ha utilizado una modelo cuantitativo par estimar los impactos en salud de diferentes intervenciones o políticas de transporte activo, en áreas urbanas. Resultado Se cuantificaron los impactos de dos factores de riesgo, la contaminación del aire y los accidentes de tráfico. Se cuantifico además el efecto protector de la actividad física. En conjunto los beneficios de la actividad física superaron a los riesgos asociados con las políticas de transporte activo. Conclusiones Las políticas de transporte activo pueden producir grandes beneficios para la salud de la población. Estos beneficios están asociados principalmente con el incremento en los niveles de la actividad física.
Introducció Les intervencions per reduir les emissions de gasos d'efecte hivernacle i canvi climàtic, poden implicar beneficis per a la salut. Especialment les polítiques de transport actiu (caminar, viatjar en bicicletes o en transport públic) poden tenir la capacitat de proveir beneficis per al medi ambient i la salut. Mètodes Mitjançant l'abordatge de l'avaluació d'impactes en salut s'ha utilitzat una model quantitatiu per estimar els impactes en salut de diferents intervencions o polítiques de transport actiu en àrees urbanes. Resultat Es van quantificar els impactes de dos factors de risc, la contaminació de l'aire i els accidents de trànsit. Es va quantificar a més l'efecte protector de l'activitat física. En conjunt els beneficis de l'activitat física superar els riscos associats amb les polítiques de transport actiu. Conclusions Les polítiques de transport actiu poden produir grans beneficis per a la salut de la població. Aquests beneficis estan associats principalment amb l’incremento en els nivells de l'activitat física.

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Thielman, Justin. "Do Characteristics of the Built Environment Influence Walking Behaviour Among Urban Adults? A Conceptual Framework, Systematic Review, and Research Plan". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31716.

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Objectives were to improve conceptualization of associations between built environment characteristics (BECs) and walking, synthesize evidence on associations, and propose future research that addresses limitations in existing studies. I designed a conceptual framework of hypothesized BEC - walking associations. I conducted a systematic review, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and TRID for studies investigating BEC - walking associations. Two reviewers screened articles for inclusion. I assessed methodological quality and extracted data from included studies. I used the framework’s hypothesized associations to categorize and synthesize results, then analyzed study limitations and proposed future research that would address many limitations. The review identified 13 studies with 64 estimates that met all criteria. None of the framework’s hypothesized associations had a statistically significant majority of estimates that were statistically significant. Evidence is lacking on BEC – walking associations and more research is needed that addresses methodological issues such as heterogeneous BEC measures and geographic homogeneity.

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Arms, Anda R. "Indicators of success: measuring outcomes of evacuating pets in state and local emergency preparedness operational plans in area of economic and public health value". Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6394.

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Master of Regional and Community Planning
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Richard L. Hoag
Abstract On October 6, 2006 President Bush signed the Pets Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act (PETS Act, Pub. Law No. 109-308). The Act ensures that state and local emergency preparedness operational plans address the needs of individuals with household pets and service animals following a major disaster or emergency (The Library of Congress, 109:H.R. 3858, 2006). This thesis identifies nineteen indicators to be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the PETS program in the areas of economics and public health. This report gives specific examples of how each indicator can be used to measure, assess, guide, and monitor the outcomes of evacuating pets in state or local emergency preparedness operational plans.

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Riemann, Deborah. "THE IMPACT OF PLANS, POLICIES AND PRACTICES OF METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS ON THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STREETS FOR ALL USERS". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1368225055.

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Książki na temat "Urban transportation- Public health"

Glaser, Konstanze. Healthy transport: How transport can contribute to Scottish public health policy. Edinburgh: Transform Scotland, 2004.

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H, Gray Benita, i National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee on Public Transportation Planning and Development. Subcommittee on Urban Public Transportation Terms., red. Urban public transportation glossary. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1989.

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1927-, Gray George E., i Hoel Lester A, red. Public transportation. Wyd. 2. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1992.

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Simpson, Barry J. Urban public transport today. London: E & FN Spon, 2003.

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Simpson, Barry J. Urban public transport today. London: E & FN Spon, 1994.

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Simpson, Barry J. Urban Public Transport Today. London: Taylor & Francis Group Plc, 2004.

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London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Public Health Forum (5th 1995 London, England). Health at the crossroads: Transport policy and urban health. Chichester: J. Wiley, 1996.

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Communication and everyday performance: Public space and the public sphere in Morocco. Rabat: University Mohammed V, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, 2011.

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Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza." Dipartimento "Idraulica trasporti strade.", TTR Oxford (UK) i European Commission Directorate-General Transport, red. Public transport prioritization. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996.

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Taubman Center for State and Local Government., red. The private provision of public transport. Cambridge, MA: Taubman Center for State and Local Government, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 2001.

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Części książek na temat "Urban transportation- Public health"

Kwan, Mei-Po. "Introduction to Urban Systems and Applications". W Urban Informatics, 149–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_10.

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AbstractAs new information technologies and large amounts of data from a wide range of sources become available to government agencies and the public, urban researchers have started to investigate how these data can be used to enhance the planning and management of various urban systems. As a result, new methods for collecting and analyzing complex space–time data about urban systems have been developed to address various urban issues. These urban systems include transportation systems, energy systems, and health systems. In recent years, considerable new work has been conducted to examine how new information technologies and data can enhance our understanding of and ability to address urban issues. The eight chapters in this section present various applications of urban informatics to specific urban systems or phenomena, including human mobility and travel, urban freight systems, urban resilience and disaster response, urban crime, urban governance, the use of remote sensing for environmental monitoring, health and wellbeing, and urban energy systems. All of them emphasize how new, big, or open data are useful for helping us to better understand and manage specific urban systems. They also highlight significant challenges in such applications of urban informatics, which would be particularly helpful to urban researchers and planners.

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Rubio, María Alejandra, Olga L. Sarmiento, Tomás Guevara, Gary O’Donovan, Anamaría Muñoz, Luis A. Guzman, Julián Arellana i in. "The Impacts of an Urban Cable Car System on Liveability: A Mixed Methods Study in Bogotá, Colombia". W S.M.A.R.T. Environments, 311–45. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32840-4_14.

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AbstractCable cars represent an integral element of urban transport systems designed to connect underserved communities in Latin America. However, evaluations of the liveability impacts of cable cars are scarce. The TransMiCable cable car in Colombia connects the peripheral neighbourhoods of Ciudad Bolívar with the integrated public transport system of Bogotá. This study assessed the effect of TransMiCable on domains of liveability, including transport, public open space, social cohesion, local democracy, and security. Urban Transformations and Health: The Case of TransMiCable in Bogotá was a natural experiment involving participatory mixed methods. Household surveys, the Our Voice citizen science research method, and the Ripple Effects Mapping technique were applied to capture baseline measurements before TransMiCable’s inauguration and follow-up measurements afterwards in both intervention and control areas. Following a simultaneous bidirectional approach, quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analysed separately, then merged for interpretation. The mixed methods approach revealed concordance and complementarity among the multiple effects of the TransMiCable intervention across domains of liveability. These impacts included shorter travel times, increased satisfaction with public transport, increased access to parks, perceived reduction in the neighbourhood’s social stigma, increased pride in community, and decreased perceived insecurity. The participatory process facilitated dialogue between community leaders and public sector decision-makers on the ways transportation interventions can improve liveability. This multisectoral engagement enabled a broad understanding of the ongoing transformation of the Ciudad Bolívar area after the implementation of TransMiCable, providing lessons for effectively engaging with local stakeholders to support the sustainability of urban transformations.

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Johnson, Barry L., i Maureen Y. Lichtveld. "Transportation". W Environmental Policy and Public Health, 253–303. Wyd. 3. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003212621-7.

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Dou, Zhiyi, Waishan Qiu, Wenjing Li i Dan Luo. "Evaluation Process of Urban Spatial Quality and Utility Trade-Off for Post-COVID Working Preferences". W Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication, 223–32. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_19.

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AbstractThe formation of cities, and the relocation of workers to densely populated areas reflect a spatial equilibrium, in which the higher real consumption levels of urban areas are offset by lower non-monetary amenities [1]. However, as the society progress toward a post-COVID stage, the prevailing decentralized delivery systems and location-based services, the growing trend of working from home, with citizens’ shifting preference of de-appreciating densities and gathering, have not only changed the possible spatial distribution of opportunities, resources, consumption and amenities, but also transformed people’s preference regarding desirable urban spatial qualities, value of amenities, and working opportunities [2, 3].This research presents a systematic method to evaluate the perceived trade-off between urban spatial qualities and urban utilities such as amenities, transportation, and monetary opportunities by urban residence in the post-COVID society. The outcome of the research will become a valid tool to drive and evaluate urban design strategies based on the potential self-organization of work-life patterns and social profiles in the designated neighbourhood.To evaluate the subjective perception of the urban residence, the study started with a comparative survey by asking residence to compare two randomly selected urban contexts in a data base of 398 contexts sampled across Hong Kong and state their living preference under the presumption of following scenarios: 1. working from home; 2. working in city centre offices. Core information influencing the spatial equilibrium are provided in the comparable urban context such as street views, housing price, housing space, travel time to city centre, adjacency to public transport and amenities, etc. Each context is given a preference score calculated with Microsoft TrueSkill Bayesian ranking algorithm [4] based on the comparison survey of two scenarios.The 398 contexts are further analysed via GIS and image processing, to be deconstructed into numerical values describing main features for each of the context that influence urban design strategies such as composition of spatial features, amenity allocation, adjacency to city centre and public transportations. Machine learning models are trained with the numerical values of urban features as input and two preference scores for the two working scenarios as the output. The correlation heat maps are used to identify main urban features and its p-value that influence residence’s preference under two working scenarios in post–COVID era. The same model could also be applied to inform the direction of urban design strategies to construct a sustainable community for each type of working population and validate the design strategies via predicting its competitiveness in attracting residence and developing target industries.

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Schlicht, Wolfgang. "Public Health – Urban Health". W Urban Health, 9–14. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18654-8_3.

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García, Patricia. "The Ghosts of Public Transportation". W Literary Urban Studies, 165–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83776-1_6.

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Moscato, Umberto, i Andrea Poscia. "Urban Public Health". W A Systematic Review of Key Issues in Public Health, 223–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13620-2_13.

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D’Alessandro, Daniela. "Urban Public Health, a Multidisciplinary Approach". W Urban Health, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49446-9_1.

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Dileep, M. R., i Francesca Pagliara. "Public Transport and Urban-Rural Tourism". W Transportation Systems for Tourism, 85–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22127-9_5.

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Luque, Jaime. "Poverty and the Role of Public Transportation". W Urban Land Economics, 65–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15320-9_11.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Urban transportation- Public health"

Ge, Yihui, i Xia Kang. "Research on healthy urban resilience public space planning". W Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/cavd2563.

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Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 in early 2020, cities in China and even around the world have encountered great challenges, placing higher demands on urban governance and urban resilience, and the creation of healthy urban resilience public spaces is imminent. As an important stage of life for urban residents, urban public space is a complex manifestation of urban functions and an indispensable link in strengthening the city's resilience. In this paper, through the analysis of the connotation of urban resilience and related research at home and abroad, we further interpret the connotation and characteristics of urban public space resilience, and build a model of urban public space resilience based on the timeline of disasters. 1. Optimize the structure of public space and create a resilient spatial pattern; 2. Improve the infrastructure of public space and reserve emergency sites during disasters to use urban land flexibly; 3. Adjust the internal and external transportation system of public space to create healthy and green transportation; 4. Optimize the city Ventilated corridors to improve the resilience of the public space environment; 5. Make full use of the intelligent analysis of the GIS platform to improve the ecological disaster prevention capabilities of public spaces.

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Qiao, F., K. Zhang, Q. Li, B. You i L. Yu. "Effects and Frameworks to Estimate the Environmental and Public Health Impacts of Infill Development for Urban Planning". W International Conference on Transportation and Development 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479926.026.

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Li, Yunna. "Impact of inter-city population mobility and public transportation policies on infectious epidemics". W Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/aoto6191.

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This study takes the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020 as the research object, and obtains the population outflow data of Wuhan from January 1 to February 1, 2020 based on the Baidu Migration Big Data system, and compares the data on the number of epidemics in each city published on the official website, studies the relevance of population movement between cities and epidemic infection, and analyzes the role of policy-oriented epidemic control by controlling public transportation during special periods of infectious diseases. The results show that the spread of the infectious epidemic between cities in the early outbreak stage is strongly correlated with the population outflow from the source city of the infection. After the traffic connection is cut off in the later stage, it is more related to crowd gathering and prevention and control measures; During the special epidemic period, we should not blindly advocate the “public transportation priority” policy. We should distinguish between passenger and freight transportation, formulate rough rules at the inter-regional and intra-city traffic levels, and specify corresponding safeguards under the framework of the “Healthy City”.

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Guo, Rong, Ye Gao i Yujing Bai. "Evaluation of land resources carrying capacity in Harbin". W Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/nwjj5082.

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Darmajanti, Linda, Daniel Mambo Tampi i Irene Sondang Fitrinita. "Sustainable Urban Development: Building Healthy Cities in Indonesia". W 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mbxo5435.

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The urban process or commonly called urbanization is a phenomenon that is occurring in several regions in Indonesia. In 2045, the projection results show 61.7% of Indonesia's population will live in urban areas. In the process, cities in Indonesia are facing several challenges related to Urban Infrastructure, decent and affordable housing, clean environment, local economic, slum, and urban poor (Social welfare). These indicators can have a positive impact on increasing the city index with healthy city categories, but also can have a negative impact with the increasing gap between the poor and the rich. The purposes of this study are to find out which cities in Indonesia fall into the category of healthy cities and to find out what factors and actors play a role in building healthy cities in Indonesia. The analytical method in this study is log frame analysis. The result is building healthy cities is closely related to the availability of aspects of life in urban areas: health services, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects. There are 3 cities in Indonesia: Palembang, Solo and Denpasar City. Building a healthy city is also an effort in improving health status, health facilities, cleanliness, garbage services, food availability, clean water, security, safety, park facilities, public transportation, art and culture facilities, housing, urban economics, religious facilities, and urban planning quality. Healthy cities in Indonesia will be achieved if efforts to improve not only physical health but also mental, social, economic and spiritual health are achieved. Finally, building a healthy city in Indonesia is an effort to contribute to sustainable urban development.

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Pangestu, Indragus, i Achmad Nurmandi. "What is the strategy for creating “City Resilience” during the COVID-19 Pandemic?" W 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002732.

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This study aims to identify urban resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, England, and China. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a terrible impact on the lives of many citizens, especially in urban areas. Cities are the central point of economic growth and governance, cities must continue the function even in conditions of crisis or disaster. So that it becomes interesting to review the strategies of big cities in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a simple statistical method, and bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer software. Scientific literature data was taken from the Scopus database which was searched with the keywords urban resilience and covid 19 with a range of 2019 to 2022. limitations on authors or affiliations of the 3 countries in literature publications, namely the united states, England and China. This analysis includes a number of publications, citation analysis, and visualization of co-occurrence patterns of the most frequently occurring keywords. Bibliometric analysis shows the United States leading the way in article publication with 25 articles, followed by England and China with 15 articles each. The results of data analysis show that the initial strategy of urban resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the three countries was carried out by limiting community activities in public spaces to prevent the transmission of the COVID-19 disease. In addition, the urban resilience strategy is carried out by building integrated health services and digital infrastructure and carrying out transportation management. Another strategy is to build public spaces that can provide social distancing and provide easier access to information and communication technology for the entire citizens. In future research, it is hoped that we can discuss how to transform the strategy by adjusting to the style of the city and the needs of the citizens.

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Escallón, Miguel, Mario Rando, Thor Olav Solbjør i Bartlomiej Halaczek. "The New City Bridge in Drammen, Norway. Designing a new urban landmark for an extreme environment." W IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.1257.

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<p>Following a competitive tender in 2018, the City of Drammen, Norway, has commissioned a new bridge, which will replace the city bridge (Bybrua), an ageing structure across the river Drammenselva. Located at the heart of Drammen, the bridge will be a pivotal link in the local infrastructure network, improving connectivity for public transportation (bus lanes) and cycle networks while providing a safe and enjoyable route for pedestrians. Once finished, the bridge will significantly improve the quality of the public realm, providing direct access to the platforms of the local main station as well as tying into two new urban plazas at both ends of the bridge including the barrier free access to the re-developed riverbank. The design stage faced several technical challenges, including the spanning of a 170m-wide river with poor bedding conditions as well as the construction above live railway of the Drammen Station. Concerns over ice loading, temperature extremes and the impact of a marine climate had to be addressed and new concepts for pedestrian and road safety on deck were developed. Located in a prominent spot, great diligence has been given to developing a modern architectural language that is both elegant and functional and defines the bridge as a new landmark for the city. The paper explores the development of the design from concept to tender stage and discusses the technical and architectural challenges and how they have been addressed by the interdisciplinary team of engineers, architects, landscape architects and designers.</p>

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Benshak, Alice Bernard. "An Assessment of the Approaches of Construction and Demolition Waste in Jos, Plateau State of Nigeria". W Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sebh6010.

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The continuous rise in population, urbanization and expansion of cities has triggered a corresponding increase in construction and demolition activity. The frequent collapse of buildings attributed to poor structural design, building decay, and/or use of substandard materials has generated a substantial increase in construction refuse, also referred to as Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste. This waste stream originates from residential, commercial, agricultural, institutional and industrial building projects for new builds, reconstruction, expansion, and refurbishments/rehabilitation. Most studies in Nigeria have generally focused on solid waste management without considering the uniqueness of C&D and giving it the attention needed, in order to achieve sustainable urban spaces that are highly functional, safe, convenient, and livable. This study seeks to investigate the different approaches and processes of C&D waste management in the City of Jos, in the Plateau State of Nigeria. The mix method was adopted for this research whereby quantitative and qualitative data was collected through a structured questionnaire for construction enterprises, as well as face-to-face interviews with the agencies responsible for waste management in the city. A total of 21 construction companies (representing about 10%) were randomly selected for questionnaire administration while interviews were conducted with the Plateau Environmental Protection and Sanitation Agency (PEPSA) and the Jos Metropolitan Development Board (JMDB) who are responsible for waste management. Investigations revealed that C&D waste consists of heavy and non-degradable materials such as: sheet metal roofing, sand, gravel, concrete, masonry, metal, and wood to mention only a few. The construction companies are solely responsible for: the collection, storage, transportation and disposal of wastes generated from their activities. Approximately 60-70% of the C&D waste materials are either reused, recycled or resold, while the remaining residual waste is indiscriminately disposed. Although the PEPSA and JMDB are responsible for waste management, their focus has been on establishing solid non-hazardous waste infrastructure systems, policies and plans. The absence of records of the quantity of C&D waste generated, the lack of financial data, and the omission of policies and plans for the C&D waste stream has resulted in a missed opportunity for a comprehensive and sustainable waste management strategy for the City and the state. To protect public health, valuable resources, and natural ecosystems, it is recommended that the C&D waste stream be included as part of the state’s waste management program, in consideration of the growing construction and demolition activity, by including C&D policies and guidelines.

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Bolca, Pelin, Rosa Tamborrino i Fulvio Rinaudo. "Henri Prost in Istanbul: Urban transformation process of Taksim-Maçka Valley (Le parc n°2)". W 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5670.

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With the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in October 1923, modernization studies have been started throughout the country. The Republican authorities which adopted a new form of government independent of the Ottoman Empire had expectations for the city planning of Turkey according to the modernization rules of urbanism. After the proclamation of the Republic, the capital of the country was relocated from Istanbul to Ankara and the funds of the Republic were canalized to the construction of the new capital city. Following the creation of Ankara, in 1935, French architect and urban planner Henri Prost was invited directly to conduct the planning of Istanbul. He worked between 1936 and 1951 with a conservative and modernist attitude. Prost’s plans for Istanbul was based on three principal issues: the transportation (la circulation), hygiene (l’hygiène) and aesthetics (l’aesthetics). He gave importance on urban and public spaces (espaces libres) and proposed two public parks. One of these parks was considered as an archaeological park at the hearth of the Historical Peninsula (parc n1), the other one was considered as a park with cultural, arts and sports functions into the hearth of the Pera district which was the area extending from today’s Taksim Square to Maçka Valley (parc n2) and wherein these days the modern and new city was built. Only Park No2 (parc n2) was partially constructed in the 1940s following these park plans. However, the park has been transformed by the planning decisions taken over time depending on the political, cultural and ideological changes and this transformation process has been intensively discussed by the academic and professional field on the Istanbul’s and Turkey’s urban agenda. The focus of this study is to understand and define the process of transformation, and investigate the changing of significances of the Taksim-Maçka Valley from foundation of the Republic of Turkey to the present time. Accordingly, the first part of the paper presents the formation process of the area through the 1:2000 plan of Park No2 (parc n2) and the 1:500 plan of The Republic Square and the İnönü Esplanade in Taksim (la place de la République et l'esplanade İnönü à Taksim) which were prepared by Henri Prost. In the second part, the transformation process that occurs after Prost was discharged from his position is analyzed. The paper concludes with a discussion on the pros and cons of the transformation. In the study, the “digital urban history method” (telling the history of the city in the age of the ICT revolution) was used through the power of various direct and indirect sources with ArcGIS and 3D modeling techniques.

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Stojanovski, Todor. "Public Transportation Systems for Urban Planners and Designers: The Urban Morphology of Public Transportation Systems". W Third International Conference on Urban Public Transportation Systems. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413210.008.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Urban transportation- Public health"

Chauvin, Juan Pablo. Research Insights: What Can Latin American Local Governments Do to Improve Public Health? Inter-American Development Bank, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004808.

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Health outcomes can vary significantly across cities within the same country, and within neighborhoods of the same city in Latin America and the Caribbean. This variation is partly explained by aspects of the urban environment that can be shaped through local policy. Public infrastructure investments, especially those in water, sanitation, and public transportation, have well-documented positive effects on local public health. Lower-cost interventions can also improve local health outcomes. These include zoning policies to protect people from negative externalities, the enforcement of road safety regulations, and the building of open public spaces to promote walkability and healthy lifestyles.

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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn i Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation Related Air Quality (STARTRAQ) and Neighborhood Characterization. Mineta Transportation Institute, sierpień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2010.

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To promote active transportation modes (such as bike ride and walking), and to create safer communities for easier access to transit, it is essential to provide consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public. The relevant and timely information from data facilitates the improvement of decision-making processes for the establishment of public policy and urban planning for sustainable growth, and for promoting public health in the region. For the characterization of the spatial variation of transportation-emitted air pollution in the Fresno/Clovis neighborhood in California, various species of particulate matters emitted from traffic sources were measured using real-time monitors and GPS loggers at over 100 neighborhood walking routes within 58 census tracts from the previous research, Children’s Health to Air Pollution Study - San Joaquin Valley (CHAPS-SJV). Roadside air pollution data show that PM2.5, black carbon, and PAHs were significantly elevated in the neighborhood walking air samples compared to indoor air or the ambient monitoring station in the Central Fresno area due to the immediate source proximity. The simultaneous parallel measurements in two neighborhoods which are distinctively different areas (High diesel High poverty vs. Low diesel Low poverty) showed that the higher pollution levels were observed when more frequent vehicular activities were occurring around the neighborhoods. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations near the roadways were evident with a high volume of traffic and in regions with more unpaved areas. Neighborhood walking air samples were influenced by immediate roadway traffic conditions, such as encounters with diesel trucks, approaching in close proximity to freeways and/or busy roadways, passing cigarette smokers, and gardening activity. The elevated black carbon concentrations occur near the highway corridors and regions with high diesel traffic and high industry. This project provides consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public including: 1. Transportation-related particle pollution data 2. Spatial analyses of geocoded vehicle emissions 3. Neighborhood characterization for the built environment such as cities, buildings, roads, parks, walkways, etc.

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Appleyard, Bruce, i Tim Garrett. Incorporating Public Health into Transportation Decision Making. Mineta Transportation Institute, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2150.

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Investments in transportation have the potential to significantly affect public health outcomes. Decisions to build highways, transit, or bikeways, for example, influence how residents and visitors move around a metropolitan area. Personal travel habits and proximity to transportation infrastructure play a role in how likely people are to be physically active or be exposed to dangerous traffic and toxic pollution. For this study, the research team reviewed the literature that links transportation infrastructure, the surrounding built environment context, and public health outcomes such as chronic heart and lung diseases, obesity, and death. The team then researched publicly available data that planners could use to inform decision-makers about the public health effects of funding certain investments. Finally, the team reviewed the guidelines of existing discretionary grant programs administered by the California Transportation Commission (CTC), and proposed improvements that would better incorporate available data on public health for consideration. These steps can positively influence funding decision-making for better public health outcomes in California.

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Maheshwari, Sunil, Rajesh Chandwani, Mohammad Zoheb, Sungsup Ra, Sonalini Khetrapal, Rajesh Bhatia, Amar Nawkar i Tikesh Bisen. Public–Private Partnership for Strengthening Urban Health in Nagpur: The Model Urban Primary Health Center Project. Asian Development Bank, marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220064-2.

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This paper presents an innovative public–private partnership to revive the urban primary health center (UPHC) system of Nagpur City in Maharashtra State, India. From the baseline assessment, the partnership between the Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC) and Tata Trusts identified that the low utilization of UPHCs was due to inadequate infrastructure of the health centers, fewer working hours, inadequately trained human resources, and availability of staff only for a short time. A road map consisting of three phases was jointly prepared by NMC and Tata Trusts to improve the quality of service in 26 UPHCs, of which phase 3 is currently underway.

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Anderson, D. Mark, Kerwin Kofi Charles i Daniel Rees. Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, wrzesień 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25027.

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Cendales, Boris, Sergio Useche, Viviola Gómez, Leonor Cedillo, Daryl Stephenson, Shirly Yan i Paul Landsbergis. Mental Health Outcomes among Urban Public Transport Workers: A Systematic Literature Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0076.

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Review question / Objective: Systematically review the literature to assess the effects of occupational exposures and interventions on Urban Public Transport (UTP) workers’ mental health. Condition being studied: In order to include a wide spectrum of outcomes, mental health was defined according to the WHO (2001) as a “state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community”.

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Sabogal-Cardona, Orlando, Lynn Scholl, Daniel Oviedo, Amado Crotte i Felipe Bedoya. Not My Usual Trip: Ride-hailing Characterization in Mexico City. Inter-American Development Bank, sierpień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003516.

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With a few exceptions, research on ride-hailing has focused on North American cities. Previous studies have identified the characteristics and preferences of ride-hailing adopters in a handful of cities. However, given their marked geographical focus, the relevance and applicability of such work to the practice of transport planning and regulation in cities in the Global South is minimal. In developing cities, the entrance of new transport services follows very different trajectories to those in North America and Europe, facing additional social, economic, and cultural challenges, and involving different strategies. Moreover, the determinants of mode choice might be mediated by social issues such as the perception of crime and the risk of sexual harassment in public transportation, which is often experienced by women in large cities such as Mexico. This paper examines ride-hailing in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City, unpacking the characteristics of its users, the ways they differ from users of other transport modes, and the implications for urban mobility. Building on the household travel survey from 2017, our analytical approach is based on a set of categorical models. Findings suggest that gender, age, education, and being more mobile are determinants of ride-hailing adoption. The analysis shows that ride-hailing is used for occasional trips, and it is usually done for leisure and health trips as well as for night trips. The study also reflects on ride-hailings implications for the way women access the city.

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Chauvin, Juan Pablo. Cities and Public Health in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003692.

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This paper presents an overview of how health outcomes vary across cities in Latin America and discusses some of the known drivers of this variation. There are large disparities in outcomes across cities and across neighborhoods of the same city. Because health is closely related to the socioeconomic conditions of individuals, part of the spatial variation reflects residential segregation by income. Local characteristics also have a direct effect on health outcomes, shaping individuals' access to health services and the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles. In addition, urban environments affect health through natural atmospheric conditions, through local infrastructure in particular water, sanitation, and urban transit and through the presence of urban externalities such as traffic congestion, pollution, crime, and the spread of transmissible diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic illustrates many of these patterns, since the impact of the disease has differed sharply across cities, and much of this variation can be explained by observable local characteristics particularly population, connectivity with other cities and countries, income levels, and residential overcrowding.

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Bianco, Martha. Private Profit Versus Public Service: Competing Demands in Urban Transportation History and Policy, Portland, Oregon, 1872-1970. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6636.

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Fox, Jonathan F. Public health, poor relief and improving urban child mortality outcomes in the decade prior to the New Deal. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, luty 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2011-005.

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