Artykuły w czasopismach: „Urban poor – case studies”

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Salcedo, Rodrigo, i Alejandra Rasse. "The Heterogeneous Nature of Urban Poor Families". City & Community 11, nr 1 (marzec 2012): 94–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2011.01385.x.

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This paper addresses the scholarly debate on cultural homogeneity or heterogeneity of urban poor families. While authors such as Lewis (1959) or Wacquant (2000 ; 2001) claim that structural disadvantages are linked to a particular type of identity or culture, others such as Hannerz (1969) , Anderson (1999 ; 2002) , or Portes ( Portes and Manning, 1986 ; Portes and Jensen, 1989 ) believe that it is possible to find different behaviors, expectations, decision–making processes, and outcomes among people living in seemingly identical structural conditions ( Small et al., 2010 ). Using Santiago, Chile, as a case study, we differentiate five different cultures or identities among the poor. Those identities seem to be the product of different historical and political circumstances, as well as of different types of public policies. The paper ends with a discussion of the need for poverty reduction policies to consider these differences among the poor.

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Cheah, Chee Wei, i Christina K. C. Lee. "Housing the urban poor through strategic networks: A cross-case analysis". Habitat International 124 (czerwiec 2022): 102579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2022.102579.

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Basu, Koushambhi, i Salil Basu. "Urban poor women: Coping with poverty and ill-health in slums of Delhi". Social Change 30, nr 1-2 (marzec 2000): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570003000212.

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Urban poverty is a multi-dimensional problem which has been studied from different perspectives by various researchers. An important way of understanding the magnitude of urban poverty is by exploring the conditions of life in urban slums. More important is to understand the problems and needs of slum women who have the primary responsibility of their families. Any improvement in their status will directly benefit the families as a unit. This paper aims to highlight the perceptions, sufferings and felt needs of urban poor women, based essentially on case studies conducted in a slum of Delhi. A few suggestions for betterment in the quality of life of urban slum dwellers have also been given.

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Khemro, Beng Hong Socheat, i Geoffrey Payne. "Improving tenure security for the urban poor in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: an analytical case study". Habitat International 28, nr 2 (czerwiec 2004): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(03)00067-5.

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Akbar, H. M. Delwar, John R. Minnery, Basil van Horen i Phil Smith. "Community water supply for the urban poor in developing countries: The case of Dhaka, Bangladesh". Habitat International 31, nr 1 (marzec 2007): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2006.03.001.

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Andreasen, Jorgen. "The poor don't squat: the case of Thika, Kenya". Environment and Urbanization 1, nr 2 (październik 1989): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624788900100203.

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Colenbrander, Sarah, Andy Gouldson, Joyashree Roy, Niall Kerr, Sayantan Sarkar, Stephen Hall, Andrew Sudmant i in. "Can low-carbon urban development be pro-poor? The case of Kolkata, India". Environment and Urbanization 29, nr 1 (16.12.2016): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247816677775.

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Fast-growing cities in the global South have an important role to play in climate change mitigation. However, city governments typically focus on more pressing socioeconomic needs, such as reducing urban poverty. To what extent can social, economic and climate objectives be aligned? Focusing on Kolkata in India, we consider the economic case for low-carbon urban development, and assess whether this pathway could support wider social goals. We find that Kolkata could reduce its energy bill by 8.5 per cent and greenhouse gas emissions by 20.7 per cent in 2025, relative to business-as-usual trends, by exploiting readily available, economically attractive mitigation options. Some of these measures offer significant social benefits, particularly in terms of public health; others jeopardize low-income urban residents’ livelihoods, housing and access to affordable services. Our findings demonstrate that municipal mitigation strategies need to be designed and delivered in collaboration with affected communities in order to minimize social costs and – possibly – achieve transformative change.

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Boonjubun, Chaitawat. "Also the Urban Poor Live in Gated Communities: A Bangkok Case Study". Social Sciences 8, nr 7 (22.07.2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8070219.

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Gated communities, one of those originally Western developments, have suddenly been found in cities in the Global South. “Gated communities”, often defined on the basis of their physical form, have been criticized for disconnecting residents from their neighbors outside the gates and reducing social encounters between them. Focusing on cities in the Global South, a large body of research on social encounters between the residents of gated communities and others outside has used case studies of the middle class living in gated communities versus the poor living outside in slums, squats, or public housing. The assumption that gated communities are regarded as enclosed residential spaces exclusively for the middle class, while the poor are found solely in “informal” settlements, may have an effect of stigmatizing the poor and deepening class divisions. It is rare to find studies that take into account the possibility that there also exist gated communities in which the poor are residents. This article examines who the residents of gated communities are, and at the same time analyzes the extent to which people living in gated communities socialize with others living outside. Based on the results of qualitative research in Bangkok, Thailand, in particular, the article critically studies enclosed high-rise housing estates and shows the following: Walls and security measures have become standard features in new residential developments; not only the upper classes, but also the poor live in gated communities; the amenities which gated communities provide are available to outsiders as well; and residents living in gated communities do not isolate themselves inside the walls but seek contact and socialize with outsiders. This article argues that the Western concept of “gated communities” needs to be tested and contextualized in the study of cities in the Global South.

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Odume, Oghenekaro Nelson, Blessing Nonye Onyima, Chika Felicitas Nnadozie, Gift Ochonogor Omovoh, Thandi Mmachaka, Blessing Odafe Omovoh, Jude Edafe Uku, Frank Chukwuzuoke Akamagwuna i Francis Ofurum Arimoro. "Governance and Institutional Drivers of Ecological Degradation in Urban River Ecosystems: Insights from Case Studies in African Cities". Sustainability 14, nr 21 (29.10.2022): 14147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114147.

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The degradation of rivers in urban landscapes is alarming and impaired their ecological functions and the services they provide to society. In African cities, urban rivers are among the most degraded ecosystems, yet ecologically sustainable utilisation of river resources can contribute to and support sustainable urban development. In this paper, we identify and analyse key governance and institutional drivers of ecological change in urban river systems in the Swartkops catchment in South Africa and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria. Our results indicate that poor ecological conditions of rivers in the two urban landscapes can be attributed to: (1) a lack of system view of the water value chain and associated infrastructure, (2) ambiguity in roles, responsibilities, and poor accountability, (3) prioritizing short-term social–economic–political agenda over long-term environmental sustainability goals, (4) institutional silos and failure of cooperative governance, and (5) over-centralised, top-down, state-centric governance processes. Strengthening the interactions between actors in the science, policy and practice domains, mainstreaming planning with rivers in integrated urban development plans, and strengthening cooperative and polycentric governance across administrative scales are key governance and institutional processes needed to address the trajectory of urban ecological degradation. Our paper sheds light on the fundamental role of strengthening governance and institutional processes for steering urban rivers toward sustainable paths for city resilience.

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Ahmad, Adil Mustafa. "Housing submarkets for the urban poor - the case of Greater Khartoum, the Sudan". Environment and Urbanization 1, nr 2 (październik 1989): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624788900100206.

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Soliman, Ahmed M. "Housing consolidation and the urban poor: the case of Hagar El Nawateyah, Alexandria". Environment and Urbanization 4, nr 2 (październik 1992): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624789200400219.

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Savirani, Amalinda, i Edward Aspinall. "Adversarial Linkages: The Urban Poor and Electoral Politics in Jakarta". Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 36, nr 3 (grudzień 2017): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341703600301.

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This article examines how social movements based in poor communities make electoral alliances with politicians in contemporary Indonesia. Drawing on case studies of the urban poor in two elections in Jakarta, we point to a pattern of adversarial linkages by which movements present candidates with demands – in this case about housing and livelihood security – which are then distilled in formal ‘political contracts’. Unlike institutionalised relationships between parties and social constituencies in many democracies, these linkages are ad hoc, pragmatic and characterised by mistrust. In Jakarta, they involved disaggregation rather than aggregation of interests, with movement actors in the second election in 2017 seeking concrete gains relating to land and livelihoods in particular neighbourhoods, rather than a broad programme of urban reform, as had been their goal in 2012. We suggest that such adversarial linkages are a feature of contemporary Indonesian politics. They allow marginal groups to make contingent political gains but are compatible with prevailing clientelistic patterns, which limit their potential to promote systemic change.

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Diwakar, Pranathi. "A Recipe for Disaster: Framing Risk and Vulnerability in Slum Relocation Policies in Chennai, India". City & Community 18, nr 4 (grudzień 2019): 1314–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12457.

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This article investigates how governments use dramatic natural events such as disasters to justify potentially unpopular policy interventions. I use the case of the southern Indian city of Chennai to explore how different arms of the government have historically engaged with the question of slum tenure from the 1960s until the present moment. Using archival methods, I analyze policy documents to excavate how slums have been framed within the context of political and policy imperatives. I show that slums are framed as risky to themselves and the broader urban public, and are portrayed as dangerous, messy, or illegal. I analyze the role of the disaster moment in catalyzing slum relocation policies, and I argue that this moment allowed the government a new modality to frame slums as not just risky but also at risk, or vulnerable to disasters in their original locations. I make the case that the anti–poor policy of slum relocation has been justified as pro–poor by framing slums as not just risky, but also at risk. The framing of slums as at risk in Chennai has been necessary within the extant political matrix, which has historically courted slums for electoral success. The analysis of shifting slum policies offers new insight into how urban policy and politics of disaster vulnerability frame and interact with the urban poor in cities of the Global South.

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Bielefeld, Shelley, Jenna Harb i Kathryn Henne. "Financialization and Welfare Surveillance: Regulating the Poor in Technological Times". Surveillance & Society 19, nr 3 (21.09.2021): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i3.14244.

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In light of concerns that the technologies employed by the digital welfare state exacerbate inequality and oppression, this article considers contemporary shifts in the administration of social assistance. Specifically, it examines the surveillance of recipients of government income support focusing on marginalized peoples in two jurisdictions: social security recipients subject to the Cashless Debit Card (CDC) in Australia, many of whom are Indigenous, and persons under the purview of the Lebanon One Unified Inter-Organizational System for E-Cards (LOUISE) in Lebanon, many of whom are Syrian refugees. Taken together, the cases illuminate embedded ideologies and adverse experiences associated with the financialization of social assistance and the digitization of cash. Through a dual case study approach, this analysis draws out patterns as well as contextual distinctions to illustrate how technological changes reflect financialization trends and attempt neoliberal assimilation of social welfare recipients through intensive surveillance, albeit with disparate outcomes. After considering how these dynamics play out in each case, the article concludes by reflecting on the contradictions that emerge in relation to the promises of empowerment and individual responsibility through financialized logics and technologies.

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Tahir, Muhammad, Yulianto Kadji, Zuchri Abdussamad i Yanti Aneta. "Integrative Model of Nussp Program Policy Implementation in the Poor Community Empowerment Based on Tridaya". Review of European Studies 9, nr 3 (23.08.2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v9n3p187.

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The implementation of NUSSP (Neighborhood Upgrading Shelter Sector Project) program policy is a residential upgrading and settlement sector project in the context of urban slum settlement management for the empowerment of the poor communities based on tridaya in Makassar City which was implemented since 2005-2009 (phase I). This study used a qualitative approach by using case study at five urban villages of NUSSP’s program locations as the key areas, namely: Buloa, Cambaya, Lette, Rappocini, and Balang Beru sub-districts within Makassar. The data collection used in-depth interview, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), direct and participatory observation supported by document study, case history, and triangulation. The results of this study indicated that the integrative model achievement of NUSSP’s program policy implementation in handling of urban slum settlement by using the tridaya’s empowerment approach as an effort to empower the poor society, in the form of output and outcome of policy implementation that had provided benefits for the government and the poor communities from the empowerment development aspect, such as the physical environment, economic empowerment, and social empowerment. Although from the economic aspect and social empowerment were not relatively optimal conducted by government and private parties, neither were not yet relatively optimal conducted by NUSSP executing actors in the utilization of local cultural values and religious values to support the successful implementation of NUSSP program policies in the field. The findings of this study were in the form of the development of “Tridaya” empowerment concept into “Pancadaya” (environmental, social, economic, cultural and religious development). This finding revealed that the importance of the use of cultural and religious values transformed in the poor community empowerment concept, so it was assumed that they will give a significant contribution in supporting the integrative model of NUSSP’s program policy implementation in the handling of slums in order to empower the poor communities in urban slum areas.

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Irandoost, Kayoumars, Milad Doostvandi, Todd Litman i Mohammad Azami. "Placemaking and the right to the city of urban poor: a case studyin Sanandaj, Iran". Journal of Place Management and Development 12, nr 4 (14.10.2019): 508–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-03-2018-0027.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a critical analysis of placemaking by the urban poor based on the Right to the City, Henri Lefebvre’s influential theory regarding the production of space and placemaking. Design/methodology/approach This study reflects Lefebvre’s production of space and the right to the city theories and containing three main pillars including holism, the urban and praxis, and the use of spatial dialectics. Also, for collecting information in this research, along with scrutiny of documents and books, residents of the poor settlements of Sanandaj have also been interviewed. Findings In Sanandaj, urban poor who lack formal housing reclaim the Right to City by creating informal settlements. Such settlements, such as Shohada, Baharmast and Tagh Taghan, cover 23% of the city’s area but house 69% of the urban population. Originality/value This research seeks to understand placemaking in urban slums by low-income inhabitants using Henry Lefebvre’s critical theory of social production of space and the Right to the City. This case study examines the city of Sanandaj, Iran, where most residents are poor and live in cooperative informal settlements. It illustrates how the urban poor, as marginalized inhabitants, overcome the constraints of conventional planning and property ownership to creatively and cooperatively develop communities that reflect their needs. This indicates a schism between formal and informal sectors.

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Scheba, Andreas, Ivan Turok i Justin Visagie. "Inequality and Urban Density: Socio-economic Drivers of Uneven Densification in Cape Town". Environment and Urbanization ASIA 12, nr 1_suppl (marzec 2021): S107—S126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425321998026.

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Global policies promote urban compaction to achieve sustainable development. This article highlights the limits of analysing densification at the city scale and advocates for a more granular approach. The case study of Cape Town shows how overall consolidation has been mainly driven by poor households crowding into already dense neighbourhoods on the urban periphery. This has aggravated historic segregation and intensified urban management challenges. Meanwhile, formal private sector driven densification strengthens the social and economic vibrancy of affluent neighbourhoods. This article argues that uneven residential patterns reflect deep-seated social inequalities that are amplified through labour and property markets. Satellite data also illustrates how Cape Town’s built-up area has changed between 1998 and 2019. Based on geo-spatial analyses, the article suggests that taking these drivers seriously is crucial to promoting a denser and more equitable urban form. Aligning housing policies with spatial transformation and economic development objectives offer possibilities for change.

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Gupta, Namita, i Kavita. "Slum Rehabilitation Through Public Housing Schemes in India: A Case of Chandigarh". Environment and Urbanization ASIA 11, nr 2 (23.08.2020): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425320938536.

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It is a widely accepted fact that sustainable development cannot be achieved without sustainable human settlements. Cities cannot be made sustainable without ensuring access to adequate and affordable housing to all and improving informal settlements. According to the Census of India (2011), 13.75 million urban households, that is, 65–70 million people live in informal settlements and about 1.77 million people were homeless in India. The goal of sustainable cities cannot be fulfilled with such a large number of populations still being deprived of their basic right to adequate housing. Chandigarh is one of the first planned cities of modern India and has the second highest percentage (89.8%) of urban population to its total population among all the states and union territories in India. This article endeavours to analyse the adequacy and affordability of public housing for urban poor in the Union Territory of Chandigarh.

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Harpham, Trudy, Paul Garner i Charles Surjadi. "Planning for child health in a poor urban environment - the case of Jakarta, Indonesia". Environment and Urbanization 2, nr 2 (październik 1990): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624789000200210.

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Kim, Ik Ki. "Differentiation among the urban poor and the reproduction of poverty: the case of Nanjido". Environment and Urbanization 7, nr 2 (październik 1995): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624789500700212.

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Sultana, Shahana, i Nurul Islam Nazem. "Housing Affordability of Ready-made Garment Workers in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area". Environment and Urbanization ASIA 11, nr 2 (23.08.2020): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425320938581.

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Generally, it is assumed that the poor in cities cannot afford to own a house. Thus, real estate developers hardly consider them as potential buyers. Despite the fact that the government has framed favourable policies towards housing the poor, the poor cannot own houses due to the inadequacy of institutional supports. This study examines the affordability of owned or rental accommodation for the poor, taking ready-made garment (RMG) workers in Dhaka as a case in point. Data from across 138 households have been gathered for this study. The study shows that if the rent increases further than the minimum standard for a dwelling unit, then about half of the RMG households become unable to afford their rental houses. An analysis of home ownership shows that only 28 per cent of families can buy a house of 300 sq. ft. on the basis of existing loan structures, and only if the loan covers the total property value, particularly at the periphery of the city area. If the loan structure for housing finance is changed by lowering the interest rate and increasing the loan repayment period, then more workers would be able to afford to own a small house of moderate standard.

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Nasrin Rastinifard i Mahmoud Jomehpour. "Investigating urban resilience in case of climate change: A case study of region 12 of Tehran". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, nr 1 (30.04.2024): 1857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.1.1239.

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Given the critical importance of urban resilience in the face of climate change, this paper aims to assess the urban resilience of District 12 in Tehran. District 12 was chosen for its high pollution levels, and the research methodology employed is analytical-descriptive. Data collection relies on library sources and documents, and for analysis, descriptive-inferential statistics including one-sample T-Test and Likert scale are utilized. The statistical population comprises urban planning and meteorological experts. To gauge resilience levels, five variables were identified, each encompassing six components tailored to the region's conditions. The primary objective is to pinpoint components exhibiting poor resilience in response to climate change. Findings indicate a stronger economic dimension of resilience contrasted with a weaker physical dimension, thus suggesting that Region 12 lacks resilience to climate change. The paper offers a comprehensive overview of disasters and provides recommendations for enhancing urban resilience. Studies on climate resilience can prove valuable for urban planners in revising and updating existing plans in the future.

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Schuermans, Nick, i Gustav Visser. "On poor whites in post-appartheid cities: The case of Bloemfontein". Urban Forum 16, nr 4 (październik 2005): 259–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-005-0007-y.

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Wamuchiru, Elizabeth. "Beyond the networked city: situated practices of citizenship and grassroots agency in water infrastructure provision in the Chamazi settlement, Dar es Salaam". Environment and Urbanization 29, nr 2 (11.05.2017): 551–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247817700290.

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This paper problematizes the liberal ideal of citizenship that, it is argued, limits active participation of poor communities in decision-making around basic urban infrastructure services and enjoyment of their citizenship rights. In place of liberal citizenship, the paper argues in favour of newly emerging forms of citizenship within participatory spheres that enhance access of the poor to urban services through direct participation aimed at socially equitable outcomes. Using the case of the Chamazi community water infrastructure initiative in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, this paper demonstrates that community grassroots agency is capable of instigating institutional changes and brokering power in seeking social justice in infrastructure provision. This was achieved in Chamazi through socially innovative strategies that took account of principles of inclusiveness and social justice, contributing to long-term improvement of this marginalized community. The daily struggle by the urban poor to access municipal services provides an avenue for redefining the contemporary meaning and practices of urban citizenship within rapidly transforming cities of the global South.

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Collantes, Christianne France. "“Unforgotten” informal communities and the COVID-19 pandemic: Sitio San Roque under Metro Manila’s lockdown". International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 14, nr 3 (9.07.2021): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-09-2020-0073.

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Purpose This paper aims to offer Sitio San Roque, an informal settlement in the Philippines as a case study to explore long-term "forgetful" urban development planning in the Philippines, and the renewed visibility of the urban poor under COVID-19 lockdown. It connects scholarship on informality to issues of housing and political rights in Metro Manila to further investigate how vulnerable communities in the Global South are faring in the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach This is an exploration of Sitio San Roque, an informal settler community in Metropolitan "Metro" Manila, Philippines. This paper refers to recent journalistic reports pertaining to the community's ongoing evictions and arrests while under Metro Manila's "enhanced community quarantine." Furthermore, it converses with literature from disciplines including health-care policy, urban studies and recent studies on COVID-19 and vulnerable communities to critically discuss the plight of the urban poor in the pandemic-stricken Metro Manila. Findings The urban poor and members of informal communities such as Sitio San Roque are especially vulnerable to contracting COVID-19 because of precarious livelihoods and housing instability. The creation of informality in Metro Manila can be traced to political tensions, economic agendas and development planning since the time of Marcos' administration and also to global restructuring during the 1990s. However, also important to note is that under Metro Manila's lockdown, informal settlers are further disenfranchised and stigmatized via ongoing demolitions and evictions, as well as by processes of policing and criminalization by the state. The use of military and police personnel as a way to enforce lockdown in the metropolis further impedes on the rights of informal settlers and the urban poor. Originality/value Recent scholarship and reports discuss the challenges for informal communities and the urban poor in navigating the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly due to their housing conditions and loss of economic stability. This paper contributes to a critical understanding of these issues by adding the dimensions of political and housing rights. It refers to the case study of members of Sitio San Roque, who have experienced continuous threats of demolitions and arrests by state police for protesting the lack of government aid under lockdown. Both military approaches of governance and housing informality work in tandem to expose the vulnerabilities of the urban poor in Metro Manila's pandemic. Finally, this paper extends on urban studies scholar Gavin Shatkin's concept of “forgetful planning” (2004) by applying his discussions to the current context. Informal settlers have long been “forgotten” by the state's development plans, but are now remembered and deemed more visible in Metro Manila's ECQ.

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Ar. Shubham Kouraw, Dr. Ar. Mrs Anjali Patil i Ar. Ankit Kumar. "Exploring the Relationship Between Quality of Life and Quality of Urban Open Space: Case Studies of Singapore, Mumbai, and Jabalpur". International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, nr 06 (15.06.2024): 1912–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0284.

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This research paper investigates the relationship between the quality of urban open spaces and the quality of life in three diverse urban contexts: Singapore, Mumbai, and Jabalpur. Through a comparative analysis, the availability, accessibility, and quality of urban open spaces are examined, along with their influence on the overall well-being of residents in these cities. Singapore emerges as a model city with exemplary urban open space planning and management, resulting in high quality of life for its citizens. Mumbai faces challenges related to uneven distribution, poor maintenance, and environmental degradation, despite pockets of well-utilized urban open spaces. Jabalpur grapples with issues stemming from inadequate urban planning, loss of blue spaces, and encroachments, leading to a significant deficit in quality urban open spaces. The findings underscore the critical role of urban open spaces in enhancing quality of life and highlight the need for strategic interventions to improve urban open space quality in rapidly urbanizing cities.

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Musavengane, Regis, Pius Siakwah i Llewellyn Leonard. "“Does the poor matter” in pro-poor driven sub-Saharan African cities? towards progressive and inclusive pro-poor tourism". International Journal of Tourism Cities 5, nr 3 (29.11.2019): 392–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-05-2019-0057.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to question the extent to which Sub-Saharan African cities are progressing towards promoting pro-poor economies through pro-poor tourism (PPT). It specifically examines how African cities are resilient towards attaining sustainable urban tourism destinations in light of high urbanization. Design/methodology/approach The methodological framework is interpretive in nature and qualitative in an operational form. It uses meta-synthesis to evaluate the causal relationships observed within Sub-Saharan African pro-poor economies to enhance PPT approaches, using Accra, Ghana, Johannesburg, South Africa, and Harare, Zimbabwe, as case studies. Findings Tourism development in Sub-Saharan Africa has been dominantly underpinned by neoliberal development strategies which threaten the sustainability of tourism in African cities. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to three Sub-Saharan African countries. Further studies may need to be done in other developing countries. Practical implications It argues for good governance through sustainability institutionalization which strengthens the regulative mechanisms, processes and organizational culture. Inclusive tourism approaches that are resilient-centered have the potential to promote urban tourism in Sub-Saharan African cities. These findings contribute to the building of strong and inclusive Institutions for Sustainable Development in the Sub-Saharan African cities to alleviate poverty. Social implications These findings contribute to the building of strong and inclusive institutions for sustainable development in the Sub-Saharan African cities to alleviate poverty. Originality/value The “poor” are always within the communities, and it takes a community to minimise the impact of poverty among the populace. The study is conducted at a pertinent time when most African government’s development policies are pro-poor driven. Though African cities provide opportunities of growth, they are regarded as centres of high inequality.

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Chen, Xi, Keita Mamady, Zilin Li, Zhaohui Fang, Traore Bangaly i Hong Liu. "Small Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix: A Case Report and Literature Review". Archives of Medical Case Reports 5, nr 1 (11.05.2023): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/casereports.4.023.

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Cervical small cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare disease, with a high degree of malignancy and a poor prognosis. Para-aortic lymph nodes (PALN) are frequent sites of recurrence after pelvic chemoradiotherapy. In the present study, we report the case of a 26-year-old female patient with cervical SCC who suffered for two times PALN relapses. Our research results have shown that PALN lesions can be effectively controlled with permanent radiation therapy. Prophylactic PALN radiotherapy may be an effective option for patients with cervical SCC who require radical pelvic radiation therapy.

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Mitullah, Winnie. "Hawking as a survival strategy for the urban poor in Nairobi: the case of women". Environment and Urbanization 3, nr 2 (październik 1991): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624789100300204.

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Muyeba, Singumbe. "Property rights and household income among the urban poor in Luanda, Angola". Environment and Urbanization 35, nr 2 (październik 2023): 369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09562478231205371.

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The theory that property rights increase household income among low-income households is widely acknowledged, yet empirical studies find scarce evidence of this effect. These studies encounter theoretical deficiencies and methodological challenges of endogeneity and selection bias in making causal inference. This paper examines effects of property rights on income using a control group design and propensity score matching. It employs the continuum of property rights as a conceptual framework, applying it to the case of Zango I social housing project and Paraiso, a slum, in Luanda. Results show the likelihood that property rights increase tenure security and income through the mechanism of home business activities but not through labour market participation or credit access. In contexts where housing projects for low-income groups depend on the informal sector and are located far from city centres, home business activities can be an important mechanism through which property rights may alleviate poverty.

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Koppelman, Carter M. "“For Now, We Are in Waiting”: Negotiating Time in Chile's Social Housing System". City & Community 17, nr 2 (czerwiec 2018): 504–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12301.

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Waiting for low–income housing is an increasingly common experience of the urban poor in both the global North and South, although little attention has been paid to its effects. Engaging a growing literature on time in systems of social provision, this article presents an ethnographic case study of waiting among poor housing–seekers in a peripheral district of Santiago, Chile. While illustrating how waiting is produced by state policies and practices that position homeless city–dwellers as passive clients, it challenges existing studies that argue that waiting produces durable submission to dominant state projects. In contrast, it shows that housing–seekers in Santiago actively negotiated a denigrating temporality of state provision through multiple practices, including collective contestation of arbitrary delays. By dissecting the conditions that enabled contentious responses to waiting for housing in Chile, this article aims to elucidate how such temporal contestation may emerge (or be precluded) in other contexts.

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Krüger, Fred. "Taking advantage of rural assets as a coping strategy for the urban poor: the case of rural-urban interrelations in Botswana". Environment and Urbanization 10, nr 1 (1.04.1998): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1630/095624798101284509.

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Mannan, Fouzia. "The Urban Poor and Livelihood Vulnerability: Are Gender, Age and Marriage Intertwined". Social Science Review 37, nr 2 (20.11.2021): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ssr.v37i2.56515.

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Dhaka is the capital city and the single fastest growing metropolis in Bangladesh – by 2020 its population will have increased thirty-fold to over ten million. This rapid population growth is largely facilitated by mass rural-to-urban migration. The speed of urbanization and the enormous numbers involved make it one of the major development challenges of the 21st century (World Bank & Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies, 1998). Neither public nor private facilities can meet the basic human needs (food, water, shelter, sanitation, and a safe environment) of slum dwellers, most of whom also lack livelihood security. To understand the magnitude of urban poverty, this research explores the question of whether gender, age and marital status are indeed linked to livelihood vulnerability among the urban poor. It has utilized qualitative methods of data collection -FGDs, case studies (based on in depth-interviews) and participant observation from a selected slum in Dhaka- Begultila. Results of this study has indicated that both physical and emotional vulnerabilities have a crucial impact on the livelihood pattern of the slum dwellers of Begultila. To understand the state and nature of poverty in Begultila it is important to consider non-economic factors, which have a very strong role in enhancing vulnerability among the urban poor, particularly with children, women, and the elderly. This study sheds new light on urban poverty in relation to livelihood vulnerability; and consequently, highlights the diverse experiences of the urban poor and the livelihood insecurity that automatically categorizes them as one of the most vulnerable groups within the slum community. This form of livelihood vulnerability has a crucial effect on the nature and quality of life of the urban poor, particularly for women, which in turn, perpetuates the cycle of poverty. Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 217-237

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Small, Mario L., Robert A. Manduca i William R. Johnston. "Ethnography, Neighborhood Effects, and the Rising Heterogeneity of Poor Neighborhoods across Cities". City & Community 17, nr 3 (wrzesień 2018): 565–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12316.

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In the 1980s and 1990s, researchers came to understand poor urban neighborhoods as blighted, depopulated areas, based on important ethnographic observations in a handful of cities. This image helped inform influential theories of social isolation and de–institutionalization. However, few scholars have examined whether those observations were representative of poor neighborhoods nationwide—and whether they are representative today. Based on a descriptive analysis of the largest 100 U.S. metropolitan areas using normalized census tract boundaries, we document an important transformation in the conditions of poor neighborhoods. We find that the depopulation in poor neighborhoods often reported in cities such as Chicago and Baltimore was, in fact, typical across cities in 1990. Today, it is not. Moreover, heterogeneity across cities has increased: The experience of neighborhood poverty is likely to depend more today than in 1990 on the city in question. In fact, the most typically studied cities, such as Chicago, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Milwaukee, are increasingly atypical in this respect. Addressing today's core questions about neighborhood effects, how and why they matter, requires paying far greater attention to heterogeneity, conducting more ethnographic observation in ostensibly unconventional cities, and addressing the historically extreme conditions in a newly unique subset of cities.

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Labib, S. M., Faysal Kabir Shuvo, Matthew H. E. M. Browning i Alessandro Rigolon. "Noncommunicable Diseases, Park Prescriptions, and Urban Green Space Use Patterns in a Global South Context: The Case of Dhaka, Bangladesh". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 11 (31.05.2020): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113900.

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Urban green space use is often associated with improved physical and mental health and lower noncommunicable disease (NCDs) burdens. Factors that influence green space visits have been documented in cities of the Global North, but evidence of urban green space use patterns for cities in the Global South is scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate factors influencing urban green space use patterns in Dhaka, Bangladesh, a megacity of the Global South, with a particular focus on how poor health condition and healthcare professionals’ prescriptions to exercise outdoors (park prescriptions—ParkRx) impact the green space use of middle-aged adults. We collected green space characteristics and use factors (i.e., availability, accessibility, attractiveness, and attachment), health condition, ParkRx, and urban green space use intensity (i.e., frequency and duration) via a self-reported questionnaire from 169 middle-aged residents of Dhaka. We used multivariate modeling to estimate the association of green space characteristics, health condition, and ParkRx with use intensity. We further applied a mediation analysis to determine the influence of ParkRx on the relationship between residents’ poor health conditions and use intensity. We found that green space availability and accessibility did not significantly influence use intensity, but attractiveness was negatively associated with use intensity. Green space use intensity was significantly and positively associated with attachment to the green space, poor health condition (i.e., having noncommunicable diseases), and ParkRx. ParkRx significantly mediated the relationship between health condition and use intensity. We observed limited supply, poor access, and low attractiveness when studying the urban green spaces in Dhaka, but these qualities did not affect use intensity, as found in many case studies in the Global North. In contrast, urban green space use intensity in our case study is mostly dependent on poor health condition and park prescriptions.

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Singh, Arkaja. "The Right to Water, Law and Municipal Practice: Case Studies from India". Water 14, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14010073.

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Recognition of the right to water in Indian courts has had little impact on the ground. This paper explores the seeming disjuncture between what happens in the court and the everyday reality of living with a less-than-perfect claim on city water services in India’s urban slums. The paper seeks to understand and contextualise a court ruling which looks like it declares a right to water for people in urban slums, but in effect gives them little beyond what they already had. The paper also looks at the ‘everyday reality’ of municipal administration and the provision of drinking water in slums through in-house connections and community taps. In both case studies, the author looks to understand how the practice relates to frameworks of law and policy that shape the rationality and scope of action of the actors concerned, both judges and municipal officials. She found that the issue of land was the main stumbling block in both places, but it was conceptualized a little differently in each situation. These case studies underscore the critical importance of making the local interface between poor people and the state more empowering in order for rights to become local and meaningful.

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Gugler, Josef. "World cities in poor countries: conclusions from case studies of the principal regional and global players". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27, nr 3 (wrzesień 2003): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00476.

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Bhatt, Jigar. "Comparison of small-scale providers' and utility performance in urban water supply: the case of Maputo, Mozambique". Water Policy 16, nr 1 (3.10.2013): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.083.

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Following independence from colonial rule, African governments struggled to cope with the legacy of fragmented water services and new demands of peri-urban population growth. Privatization was presented as a panacea that would expand and improve water supply. Small-scale independent water providers (SSPs) were meanwhile often the only actors ensuring that services were available to the peri-urban poor. Nonetheless, they were ignored and even vilified in ‘pro-poor’ strategies of water supply reform. Recent studies have actually demonstrated the important role SSPs play in serving the poor in African cities, however, substantial knowledge gaps remain. This study of SSP activities in Maputo, Mozambique provides rigorous empirical evidence about the performance of fully private SSPs vis-à-vis a privatized utility at both the provider and household level. The findings belie long-held notions of informal water provision as inferior and inefficient and formal sector privatization as the preferred strategy for reaching the poor. Improving water supply in African cities requires an understanding of the specific advantages of provider-types and avoiding universal cures.

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Rogerson, Christian M. "Towards Pro-Poor local economic development: The case for sectoral targeting in South Africa". Urban Forum 14, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-003-0003-z.

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Croese, Sylvia, i M. Anne Pitcher. "Ordering power? The politics of state-led housing delivery under authoritarianism – the case of Luanda, Angola". Urban Studies 56, nr 2 (8.11.2017): 401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017732522.

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The urban studies literature has extensively analysed the modernist, developmental or neoliberal drivers of urban restructuring in the global South, but has largely overlooked the ways in which governments, particularly those with authoritarian characteristics, try to reinforce their legitimacy and assert their political authority through the creation of satellite cities and housing developments. From Ethiopia to Singapore, authoritarian regimes have recently provided housing to the middle class and the poor, not only to alleviate housing shortages, or bolster a burgeoning real estate market, but also to ‘order power’ and buy the loyalty of residents. To evaluate the extent to which authoritarian regimes realise their political objectives through housing provision, we survey nearly 300 poor and middle class respondents from three new housing projects in Luanda, Angola. Alongside increasing social and spatial differentiation brought about by state policies, we document unintended beneficiaries of state housing and uneven levels of citizen satisfaction. We explain that internal state contradictions, individual agency and market forces have acted together to re-shape the government’s efforts to order power.

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Uddin, Khandakar, i Awais Piracha. "Differential application of planning policy deepening the intracity divide: The case of greater Sydney, NSW, Australia". Spatium, nr 44 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat2044001u.

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Urban planning policies in New South Wales (NSW), Australia are continuously being reformed, in order to make them more economic development friendly. These reforms are concerned with making development approvals easier and faster. The implementation of these reforms and their outcomes in Greater Sydney, NSW, vary according to the local socio-economic conditions. The affluent communities in Greater Sydney are very concerned about these reforms and actively resist their application in their areas. They are successful in avoiding the application of reformed urban planning policies. However, the lower socio-economic parts of Greater Sydney in the outer areas are not able to engage with these urban policy issues. The reformed urban policies are fully applied in the poorer areas, often resulting in excessive and poor-quality urban development. Past research on urban planning policy development, application and outcomes in Sydney has not investigated selective planning policy application and its differential outcomes. This paper analyses the selective application of some recent urban planning policy reforms as they relate to socio-economic division in Greater Sydney. The research argues that the selective application of urban planning policy in Greater Sydney is reinforcing socio-economic division there.

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Peker, K. "The causes and results of internal migration from rural areas: case of Eastern Anatolia". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 10 (24.02.2012): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5235-agricecon.

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Migration from rural has been an important problem in Turkey for the last four decades. This issue has been investigated with regard to its different aspects since the late 1970’s. Research studies focused on its impacts on urban areas. Although the studies on migration in urban areas are more extensive, unfortunately, the studies of migration in rural Turkey are very poor and the effects of this phenomenon on the farms have been untouched. Migration from rural areas starting in the 1950’s was supported, since it was regarded as the locomotive for the rapid urbanization, industrial improvement and development until the late 1970’s. The conventional wisdom in the 1970’s concluded that the best way to eliminate lower incomes was helping farmers to move to urban jobs but nowadays there is widespread agreement that incentive for migration to urban areas does not solve the problem of rural or urban poverty in Turkey. For that reason, Turkish Government spends millions of dollars annually on agricultural policies, and additional funds on rural development to hold people in the rural. In this study, causes and result of migration from the rural was investigated with regard to the mobility of the resources and the success of the farms in a city of Eastern Turkey, Erzurum. The results of the study showed that some causes of migration such as economical, social, and cultural from rural in Turkey are different than the causes in other countries. As a result, it can be concluded that migration from rural areas has not reached the point at which migration has a negative effect on the success of agribusiness.

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Terefe Gemeda, Fekede, Beshea Abdissa, Dagne Getachew i Tamirat Tefera. "Gender and agricultural production: The case of urban and peri-urban of Addis Ababa and Oromia Special Zone surrounding Finfinne, Ethiopia". European Journal of Sustainable Development Research 7, nr 2 (1.04.2023): em0213. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/12860.

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In this study, we have attempted to assess how gender affects urban and peri-urban agriculture in Ethiopia. On the basis of a household survey, data were collected from 54 urban farmer households using a structured questionnaire, and nine case studies and focus group discussions were randomly selected from three sub-cities in Addis Ababa and one district in the Oromia Special Zone surrounding Finfine. Data from both primary and secondary sources were employed to generate the paper. The findings revealed that the most common types of agribusiness in urban and peri-urban areas were cultivating grass and vegetable crops. It also suggests that those involved in urban and peri-urban agriculture are creating job opportunities and extra income for middle- and low-income people. The decision-makers therefore must implement sustainable livelihood systems for these very poor communities, which reside in peri-urban and urban centers in the area.

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Wilk, Julie, Anna C. Jonsson, Birgitta Rydhagen, Ashu Rani i Arun Kumar. "The perspectives of the urban poor in climate vulnerability assessments – The case of Kota, India". Urban Climate 24 (czerwiec 2018): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2017.08.004.

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Farouk Abdelnabi, Farouk Abdelnabi. "PRO-POOR TOURISM AS A PANACEA FOR SLUMS IN EGYPT". International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 3, nr 1 (16.07.2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2016.312.

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Poverty alleviation has been given high priority on the agendas of international organizations, governments, and civil society organizations in different parts of the world. The current study mainly aims to evaluate the situation of pro-poor tourism in Egypt; as being the international trend to use tourism as a tool to reduce poverty levels in impoverished slums areas particularly in developing and emerging countries. This research handles three governorates as case studies representing different levels of welfare and poverty in Egypt; Fayoum as a model of Upper Rural & Urban region, Kafr el Sheikh as an example of Lower Rural & Urban region, and the Great Cairo as a model of Metropolitan city. The study methodology focuses on the descriptive statistics techniques. The study reveals- in general- the absence or shortage of interest of pro-poor tourism in both of awareness and practice sides. So, the study- basically- insists on adopting national strategy and action plan to development of pro-poor tourism in Egypt in an attempt to stimulating and activating the role of tourism in the fight against poverty.

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Borsuk, Imren, i Ensari Eroglu. "Displacement and asset transformation from inner-city squatter settlement into peripheral mass housing". European Urban and Regional Studies 27, nr 2 (19.02.2019): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776419828794.

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While slum clearance projects in the Global South have displaced a large number of urban poor from the inner city to peripheral areas, peripheral mass housing estates have been developed as a spatial fix to improve the livelihood of the urban poor through slum development projects. Shifting the focus of displacement and poverty studies on changing assets and social experiences of displacement, this study makes an empirical contribution to the literature with a case study from Turkey. It demonstrates that mass housing projects that increase the importance of market-based processes and financial assets at the expense of intangible assets (household relations and social capital) make the urban poor more vulnerable to displacement pressure and external shocks. Using the example of a mass housing project in Turkey designed for the relocation of a highly concentrated Kurdish migrant squatter settlement, this research demonstrates that slum development projects can cause different types of displacement, divesting residents of opportunities to accumulate assets and reconstruct a sense of place. The research demonstrates that the dissolution of intangible assets and the exclusion of social spaces that are important to relocated residents in the mass housing estate bring about community displacement in the case of Kurdish residents. Also, relocated squatters feel pressured by the ongoing and daily experiences of displacement—notably everyday, symbolic and temporal displacement—as the spatial design of the mass housing unfamiliar with the livelihood of squatter dwellers constrains their opportunities to appropriate neighbourhood space in everyday life and enact a sense of place.

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Qalb, Aqsa, Hamza Yasin, Obaidullah Nadeem, Marium Nawaz i Fariha Tariq. "PUBLICNESS OF PUBLIC SPACES IN METROPOLITAN CITY OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: THE CASE OF LAHORE, PAKISTAN". Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 32, nr 1 (30.06.2022): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap3212022_3.

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Modern urban design has changed the image of traditional public space and proved significant for raising level of publicness. This study evaluates the publicness of commercial public spaces in Lahore, using the Star Model, widely suggested in the literature, to recommend urban design interventions for improving the publicness of similar public spaces. The level of publicness is assessed against five sets of attributes pertaining to, (i) Access and Linkages, (ii) Symbolic Access and Outlook, (iii) Animation, (iv) Control and (v) Civility. Methodology involves interview-based surveys with the visitors and shopkeepers. Findings show a poor performance by the case studies against the criteria of evaluation. Therefore, research suggests necessary design intervention and concludes on the significance of urban design elements in extruding publicness level of public spaces. Keywords: Publicness, Public Spaces, Star Model, Urban Design, Moon Market, Barkat Market

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Rifkin, S. B. "Primary Health Care, Community Participation and the Urban Poor: A Review of the Problems and Solutions". Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 1, nr 2 (kwiecień 1987): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053958700100211.

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Community participation is seen as the key to Primary Health Care (PHC) but to date is the most difficult and least understood principle. To assist health planners to implement PHC programmes, three simple questions can be asked: why participate? who participates? how do they participate? This paper explores in detail the latter question by asking how communities can be mobilised and what structures can be developed to support community participation. An analysis is made of community participation in programmes for the urban poor to examine the answers to these questions. Case studies from Asia are given to illustrate various points. The study concludes that if PHC has a chance of succeeding then all social services must be integrated, planning and management mechanisms must be developed, agency work must be coordinated and finally, planners must have flexible responses to programmes.

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Moral, Md Jahan Boksh, Farid Ahammad Sobhani i Ruslan Rainis. "Delphi Technique in Urban Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Rajshahi City". IIUC Studies 6 (19.10.2012): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v6i0.12250.

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This study aims at investigating scholastic thoughts regarding poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Two round Delphi techniques were applied to obtain experts opinion in support of probable resolution of poverty. University academics, government officials, non-government executives, and social & political personalities have been considered as scholars. The study reveals that limitation of job is the fundamental cause of poverty. Consequently, the poor are bound to live in vulnerable unhygienic places where inadequate services are prevailing. It is also opined by the experts that home-based work and special training will help the poor to get job that will lead to reduce poverty to a great extent. A lack of integration is evident among different opinions of the scholars. As a result, the poverty reduction efforts show insignificant achievement in view of its goal. A number of suggestions have been recommended to alleviate poverty in the urban area like Rajshahi city in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v6i0.12250 IIUC Studies Vol.6 2010: 77-96

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Chari, Felix, i Bethuel Sibongiseni Ngcamu. "Climate Change-Related Hazards and Livestock Industry Performance in (Peri-)Urban Areas: A Case of the City of Masvingo, Zimbabwe". Climate 10, nr 12 (25.11.2022): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10120187.

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In an effort to improve their quality of life and battle poverty, many urban residents are turning to agriculture as an alternative source of income, employment, and food security. However, climate-related hazards such as heatwaves, floods, and droughts have had an effect on urban agriculture. The purpose of this study was to determine how climate change-related hazards affected the urban livestock industry in Masvingo City. These researchers administered a structured questionnaire on urban livestock farmers, the results of which were triangulated with in-depth interviews with livestock stakeholders. The results show that the urban livestock industry is significantly impacted by climate-related hazards. Farmers lose livestock to diseases, poor pastures, and extreme weather conditions. Furthermore, the hazards badly affect the storage and distribution of livestock products, the labour supply and productivity, and the profitability of livestock enterprises. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the urban livestock industry and climate change-related hazards. The results are significant to policy makers and livestock stakeholders to understand climate change effects on the urban livestock sector so as to formulate mitigation, adaptation, and coping strategies against any adverse effects. This paper is a foundation for future studies and these researchers suggest that future studies be on location-specific adaptation strategies.

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