Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Urban network modelling”
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Sprawdź 27 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Urban network modelling”.
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Vythoulkas, Petros C. "Modelling dynamic stochastic user equilibrium for urban road networks". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3937.
Pełny tekst źródłaHo, Siu-kui. "Sensitivity of parameters in transportation modelling on the implication of network requirement : a case study of Hong Kong /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1233361X.
Pełny tekst źródłaSmit, Robin, i n/a. "An Examination of Congestion in Road Traffic Emission Models and Their Application to Urban Road Networks". Griffith University. School of Environmental Science, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070724.155421.
Pełny tekst źródłaSmit, Robin. "An Examination of Congestion in Road Traffic Emission Models and Their Application to Urban Road Networks". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365194.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental Planning
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Parsafard, Mohsen. "Space-Time Transportation System Modelling: from Traveler’s Characteristics to the Network Design Problem". Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6924.
Pełny tekst źródłaLee, Ka-Man. "Impact of Urbanisation on Estuarine Sandflats: Use of Ecological Indicators, Stable Isotope Enrichment and Network Modelling". Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366733.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Giffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Matheussen, Bernt Viggo. "Effects of anthropogenic activities on snow distribution, and melt in an urban environment". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-243.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn many parts of the world snow melt runoff influence discharge from combined sewer overflows (CSO) and flooding in urban drainage systems. Despite this, urban snow hydrology is a field that has received little attention from the urban drainage community. The objectives of this research were to better understand urban snow hydrology and through field work and hydrological modelling quantify effects of anthropogenic activities (AA) on snow distribution, and melt in an urban environment. This means in principle how the presence (design geometry) and operation of roads and buildings influence the snow distribution and melt in urban areas. The Risvollan urban catchment (20 ha) located in Trondheim, Norway, was used as a study area. A literature review of urban snow hydrology was also carried out.
A gridded urban hydrology model (GUHM) was developed as part of the study. The principal idea of the GUHM is to subdivide an urban catchment into orthogonal equal area grid cells. The snow routine in the GUHM is based on an energy balance approach, which together with a soil-runoff routine is used to calculate a time series of rain, snow water equivalent (SWE), snow melt, and runoff, for each grid cell. In GUHM, processes such as snow clearing of roads, locally low albedos, heat/shadowing from buildings, and effects of slope and aspect are included in the model structure.
A technique for observing time series of snow covered area (SCA) for an urban catchment is presented. The method is based on image processing and neural network technology to calculate SCA from a time series of images taken from a tall building in the Risvollan catchment. It was shown that SCA on roads and roofs in general becomes more rapidly snow free during melt periods compared to the park areas of the Risvollan catchment. This can be explained by snow clearing of roads, snowdrift from roofs and high snow melt rates on roofs and roads. The high melt rates was attributed to locally low albedos in vicinity to roads, rooftop snow packs exposure to wind and solar radiation, in addition to anthropogenic heat release from the roofs themselves.
Field observations of SWE were carried out in the Risvollan catchment and it was shown that areal mean SWE located on/or nearby roads and buildings were significantly lower during mid and end of the winter, than in park areas. This can be attributed to higher melt rates caused by AA. A time series of SCA and SWE was obtained through field work for the period from 2000 to 2003 in the Risvollan catchment.
The GUHM was applied and calibrated for the Risvollan catchment for a three year period. Two seasons were used as validation period. Comparison between the simulated and observed SWE, SCA and runoff data showed that the GUHM was able to simulate snow accumulation and melt for whole seasons with short time resolution (1 hour) satisfactory.
The GUHM was used to quantify effects of AA on snow distribution and melt for six different land use scenarios in the Risvollan catchment for the period June 1998 to June 2003. The modelling results showed that when the area coverage of buildings and roads increased, the SCA and SWE more rapidly decreased during melt periods. Because of this more runoff will be produced in the early winter season (Jan-March) compared to if the catchment had been covered with only sparsely vegetated areas.
The simulation results showed that when the impervious surface covers of a catchment increase, the peak and volume runoff will also increase, as expected.
Both the field observations and the hydrological model study carried out in this work showed that AA lowers SCA and SWE more rapidly in an urban environment compared to more untouched terrain. The reasons for this are redistribution of snow, and strong snow melt rates on roads, roofs, and in snow deposit areas. Low albedos and anthropogenic heat release are the main reasons for the enhanced snow melt rates.
Ho, Siu-kui, i 何兆鉅. "Sensitivity of parameters in transportation modelling on the implication of network requirement: a casestudy of Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975070.
Pełny tekst źródłaIshtiaq, Muhammad Saeed. "Journey time forecasting in urban networks". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/421965/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMongeot, Helene. "Traffic incident modelling in mixed urban networks". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286751.
Pełny tekst źródłaChoden, Phuntsho. "An investigation of the antecedents and the influence of social capital: A multilevel analysis based in Bhutan". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/96007/4/Phuntsho_Choden_Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaWang, Zhenyu. "Channel modelling for urban multi-hop/ad hoc networks". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435742.
Pełny tekst źródłaHossain, Moazzem. "Modelling of traffic operations in urban networks in developing countries". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319178.
Pełny tekst źródłaHasham, Faizal A. "Modelling of urban air pollution in the Edmonton Strathconoa Industrial Area using artificial neural networks". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0006/MQ34375.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaYusuf, Syed Adnan. "An evolutionary AI-based decision support system for urban regeneration planning". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/114896.
Pełny tekst źródłaLacroix, Marie. "Méthodes pour la reconstruction, l'analyse et l'exploitation de réseaux tridimensionnels en milieu urbain". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDisasters like the ones that happened in Ghislenghien (Belgium), Ludwigshafen (Germany), or Lyon (France), have been attributed to excavations in the vicinity of gas pipelines. Though pipes are one of the safest methods of transportation for conveying hazardous substances, each year many cases of damage to gas pipes are recorded in France. Most of them are due to works in the vicinity of the networks and some illustrate the lack of reliability of the provided information. Concessionaries have to take stock of the situation and to suggest areas of improvement, so that everyone could benefit from networks becoming safer.To prevent such accidents which involve workers and the public, French authorities enforce two regulations: DT / DICT: reform of the network no-damage by securing the excavations, Multifluide: reform which is interested in securing networks of hazardous events.So, to avoid such accidents or other problems, it is necessary to acquire and control the 3D information concerning the different city networks, especially buried ones.Preventive strategies have to be adopted. That’s why working on the networks and their visualization and risk cartography, taking the blur into account, is a recent and appropriate research. The software applications I develop should help the utility and construction contractors and focus on the prevention of hazardous events thanks to accurate data sets for users and consumers, the definition of a geomatics network but also some methods such as triangulation methods, element modeling, geometrical calculations, Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality
Betancourt, Schwarz Manuel. "Energy, economic and quality of service assessment using dynamic modelling and optimization for smart management of district heating networks". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IMTA0234.
Pełny tekst źródłaBased on the relevance of Heat as one of the primary end-uses of energy in a city and the stillsmall amount of literature on the transition of District Heating (DH) into Smart Thermal Networks, themain objective of the present research is to propose a novel model for system management of DH bycombining Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization tools. This with the aim to be a proof of conceptthat demonstrates the possibility of DH systems to transition into Smart Thermal Networks and theircapabilities of integration into the Smart City model. The present research takes the electricity smart gridas the starting point to propose a new model of DH system management named Dynamic Optimizationof DH for its Transition to Smart Networks (DOTS). This model is constituted by three parts: themodeling of DH networks, the optimization of DH systems, and the evaluation of DH systems. Themodeling approach is based on the physical modeling of DH networks using Oriented Graphs and avariation of the Finite Volumes method. The optimization is divided into two steps: The Dispatchoptimization using linear programming formulation, and the Generation Temperature optimization usingnon-linear programming formulation. The evaluation of DH is done through energy, economic and, newto DH, Quality of Service (QoS) indicators. To account for the dynamics of heat distribution, the presentresearch proposes the use of a new operative indicator named the Pipe Supply Factor (PSF) to allow thenetwork to consider the delay times and the thermal inertia of the system
Ayele, Getnet Tadesse. "Exploiting the synergies from coupled electricity and heat distribution networks : modelling, simulation and optimization based on an extended energy hub approach". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0215.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecent literature shows that there is a significant potential of decarbonisation and efficiency improvement that can be achieved through the synergy from multi-energy systems (MESs). Coupling technologies, such as co-generation plants, heat pumps and thermal storages are widely recommended as means of unlocking additional flexibility and increasing the penetration of renewables in the heating and electricity sectors. In view of that, the size and number of coupling technologies, such as combined heat and power plants and heat pumps (HPs), being installed in the heat distribution networks are increasing. As these technologies are exclusively managed by the district heating network operators, their operation sometimes becomes suboptimal from the electricity network point of view, and they (in particular large HPs) may cause overloading of the low voltage electricity distribution networks. Integrated simulation and optimisation models are required to exploit the synergies effectively without compromising the constituent distribution networks of MES. Such models are not yet well developed. The conventional single-energy-carrier simulation tools are not capable of capturing key operating parameters of the multi-carrier distribution networks either. A novel methodology for simulation and optimisation of MES is developed in this thesis based on an Extended Energy Hub (EEH) approach. The general framework is first developed in modular form so that it can be easily adapted for any type of multi-carrier energy networks. The framework is then used to develop the details of an integrated load flow model governing coupled heating and electricity distribution networks. Various load flow case studies with radial and meshed topologies are considered for demonstration and numerical validation of the proposed model. The load flow model is further combined with a particle swarm optimisation algorithm in order to conduct integrated optimal power flow studies. Its contribution to the state of art is demonstrated by studying the optimal placement of coupling technologies, such as HPs and boilers in coupled heating and electricity distribution networks. The capacity of the model is further illustrated by exploiting the synergies using HPs together with thermal storage in the presence of intermittent renewables and variable electricity price signal. It is shown that the EEH-based simulation and optimisation methodologies proposed in this thesis are very effective, flexible and easily scalable in capturing the key operating parameters of integrated electricity and district heating networks. The models can be used as a platform for further studies on integration of smart grids and smart thermal networks
Heinzlef, Charlotte. "Modélisation d'indicateurs de résilience urbaine face au risque d'inondation : co-construction d'un système spatial à la décision pour contribuer à l'opérationnalisation du concept de résilience Assessing and mapping urban resilience to floods with respect to cascading effects through critical infrastructure networks » Operationalizing urban resilience to floods in embanked territories – Application in Avignon, Provence Alpes Côte d’azur region A spatial decision support system for enhancing resilience to floods. Bridging resilience modelling and geovisualization techniques Operating urban resilience strategies to face climate change and associated risks: some advances from theory to application in Canada and France". Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG1197.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn a context of climate change, increased urban flooding and increased uncertainty, urbanmanagers are forced to innovate to design appropriate risk management strategies. Among thesestrategies, making cities resilient has become an imperative. The concept of resilience is amultidisciplinary concept that defines the ability of a system to absorb a disturbance and then recoverits functions. This concept refers to technical, urban, social, architectural, architectural, economic andpolitical innovation and calls into question traditional risk management systems. This injunction toinnovation is perfectly adapted to the urban, economic, political, social and ecological complexity ofthe contemporary world. As a result, the concept of resilience is integrated with urban sprawl issues andassociated risks. However, despite this theoretical and conceptual adequacy, resilience remains complexto integrate into the practices of urban planners and territorial actors. Its multitude of definitions andapproaches have contributed to its abstraction and lack of operationalization.In response to this observation, this research aims to address these operational gaps by buildinga spatial decision support system to clarify and promote the integration of the concept into urbanpractices. The idea behind this approach is that urban resilience embodies the abilities and capacities ofa city and its population to develop before, during and after a disruptive event in order to limit itsnegative impacts. This scientific positioning therefore makes it possible to analyze urban resilience as acontinuum, highlighting proactive capacities that the urban system must develop in order to (re)act inthe face of flooding. This work was based on a socio-economic partnership with the City of Avignonand its GIS Service (Geographic Information System). The approach made it possible to build threemeasurement indicators to address the urban, technical and social resilience of the Avignon area. Theseindicators have made it possible to acquire information on the variables defining potential resilience thatwould foster the emergence of an adequate response to a natural disaster and more precisely to an urbanflood. The use of geovisualization techniques has made it possible to visualize treatments and results inorder to explain the approach to urban managers. At the same time, consultation workshops were heldto present and discuss the results obtained through the indicators with critical infrastructure managersand managers.The co-construction of these indicators, in order to build an analysis and knowledge aroundurban resilience, followed by the implementation of workshops with stakeholders in the territory, inorder to promote the territorial decision-making process, has made it possible to develop a culture ofresilience. This spatial decision support system has therefore made it possible to pool theoretical andpractical knowledge on urban risk and resilience issues in order to reach the consensus necessary fordecision-making and the operationalization of resilience
Bourgeois, Marc. "Impacts écologiques des formes d'urbanisation : modélisations urbaines et paysagères". Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1029/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe global increase of urbanization during the past decades have induced a progressive artificialization of natural environments. The building of transport infrastructures and new housings causes a landscape fragmentation in an irreversible way and a strong decrease of the connectivity of ecological habitats. Maintaining the functionality of ecological networks is becoming a major goal of sustainable urban planning policies. With a special focus on urban evolutions in the horizon 2030 in the urban area of Besançon in eastern France (residential development and road traffic evolutions), this thesis aims to assess the potential impact of urban forms on landscape connectivity of animal species’ ecological networks. This research work promotes a modelling approach both on the field of theoretical and quantitative geography and landscape ecology.This approach follows three main steps: (1) simulating residential development and its associated road traffic changes using five prospective scenarios of differentiated urban forms; (2) modelling landscape graphs of various animal species using land-cover maps and ecological data; (3) assessing the potential impacts of each scenario on ecological networks from these graphs using connectivity metrics, with measures of the connectivity decrease attributable to each residential development scenario. Contrary to sprawled cities, the results show that compact and dense urban forms best promote the maintenance of ecological connectivity for the majority of species groups. Further analysis highlights the great contribution of road traffic evolutions regarding the ecological impacts of each scenario.According to some sensitivity analysis, the model used is quite robust. It demonstrates the interest of modelling in the decision-making process for environmental conservation and urban planning to think out the city of tomorrow in a sustainable way
Sahraoui, Yohan. "Le paysage, entre esthétique & écologie : modélisation rétrospective à partir de changements d'occupation du sol". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1022/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLandscape is both a backdrop to the lives of human populations and a medium for the life cycle of animal species. Landscape changes induced by land-use and land-cover dynamics affect both these dimensions, the one aesthetic, and the other ecological. Because these rationales areusually studied within different disciplines, little research has been done into how the two clashor combine as and when landscape structures change. This work seeks therefore to model the spatial co-evolution of the aesthetic and ecological functions of landscape retrospectively usingspatial metrics based on land-cover data. It focuses on changes in the urban fringes of two French cities (Paris and Besançon) over the last 30 years. The approach attempts first to use land-cover data to model (1) the landscape preferences of a set of individuals and (2) the ecological connectivity of a set of animal species. Drawing on both multivariate statistical analysis and spatial analysis, the core of this work consists in investigating how the two functions have evolved in convergent or divergent ways over time. The results provide fresh insight into the relationship between landscape aesthetics and landscape ecology and raise questions about the value of spatial modelling for a landscape management approach that endeavours to reconcile the preservation of residents’ living environments and the conservationof biodiversity
Rai, Pawan Kumar. "Development And Control Of Urban Water Network Models". Thesis, 2010. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2271.
Pełny tekst źródłaAng, Keng Been [Verfasser]. "Neural network modelling of present and future urban PM10 concentrations based on measurement results / vorgelegt von Keng Been Ang". 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000962520/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaNasrin, Tasnim. "Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Intense Rainfall on the Sanitary Sewer Network Performance". Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/37838/.
Pełny tekst źródłaPaulo, Hélder Alexandre Relvas. "Integrated assessment models to improve urban air quality". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25064.
Pełny tekst źródłaAtualmente a poluição atmosférica representa uma das principais causas ambientais de mortalidade. Ela é ainda responsável pela redução da esperança média de vida, redução da produtividade devido à redução de dias de trabalho, aumento de custos hospitalares, e por impactos económicos consideráveis. Os poluentes mais relevantes em termos de efeitos na saúde humana são o material particulado, o dióxido de azoto e o ozono troposférico. O objetivo principal da presente tese é o desenvolvimento e teste de um Modelo de Avaliação Integrada (MAI) que permita apoiar a seleção custo-eficiente de medidas de melhoria de qualidade do ar em cidades. Com essa finalidade foi efetuada uma revisão das atuais metodologias de avaliação integrada da qualidade do ar, das mais simples (análise de cenário) às mais complexas (abordagem de otimização), e foram efetuados alguns testes de aplicação que permitiram identificar as principais vantagens e limitações de cada abordagem. Foi desenvolvido um Modelo de Avaliação Integrada à Escala Urbana (MAIEU) que ultrapassa algumas das dificuldades das ferramentas existentes e aproveita as suas vantagens. O modelo foi avaliado através da sua aplicação a um caso de estudo urbano (Grande Porto) e a diferentes cenários de emissões. É capaz de reproduzir rapidamente cenários de redução de emissões, e de estimar os seus impactes na saúde, recorrendo a Redes Neuronais Artificiais. Para além disso, o uso de Análise Multicritério permitiu incluir aspetos sociais e criar uma classificação de medidas/cenários de qualidade do ar. Este trabalho contribui para uma melhor compreensão da utilidade dos MAI, disponíveis para apoiar o processo de tomada de decisão. O MAIEU, revelou ser útil para avaliar rapidamente o efeito de políticas regionais e locais focadas na melhoria da poluição atmosférica à escala urbana
Programa Doutoral em Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente
Moglia, Magnus Mikael. "Water management in the developing town: a complex systems perspective". Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8971.
Pełny tekst źródłaPascal Perez
Ashbolt, Stephanie Camille. "Short-term operational planning of water grids". Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32602/.
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