Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Urban heat stress”
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Walikewitz, Nadine. "Urban Climate and Heat Stress Hazards - an Indoor Perspective". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18765.
Pełny tekst źródłaHeat stress influences not only the comfort of humans but also human health. Heat stress in outdoor environments has been investigated extensively, whereas only a few studies have focused on indoor environments. People in industrialized countries spend approximately 90 % of their day in confined spaces. Analyses of indoor climatic conditions are essential to understanding the underlying processes, determining the impacts on humans and developing appropriate adaptation measures. The aim of this work is to investigate and assess different indoor climates and provide a valuable contribution to future research questions. To analyze indoor climate characteristics or, rather, the influence of different meteorological parameters, the indoor climate in four rooms in one building without user behavior was measured and examined. The results were used to establish a detailed indoor measurement system at different study sites distributed over Berlin. The gathered data were then used to assess indoor heat stress variability on a temporal and spatial scale using the UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index). Finally, an extensive analysis of the influence of indoor climate and outdoor climate on mortality was conducted by applying generalized additive models (GAM). The results indicate that indoor heat stress is a severe threat. All study rooms experienced high thermal loads, regardless of the building type they were located in or their location within the building. Indoor UTCI values varied within buildings and further exhibited very high heat stress levels during night compared to outdoors. The highest values were measured in modern buildings with a high percentage of windows. Among the different driving factors of indoor climate, outdoor climate was confirmed to have the highest impact. Moreover, this thesis shows that indoor air temperature is an equally good predictor of mortality compared to outdoor climate.
ELDESOKY, AHMED HAZEM MAHMOUD. "On urban form and urban resilience: Examining the underlying politics and advancing the role of immaterial technology and typomorphology in assessing urban resilience to heat stress". Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/319227.
Pełny tekst źródłaabstractita
Ngwenya, Bigboy. "Heat exposure and adaptation strategies of outdoor informal sector workers in urban Bulawayo - Zimbabwe". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2183.
Pełny tekst źródłaLee, Hyunjung [Verfasser], i Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Mayer. "Increasing heat waves require human-biometeorological analyses on the planning-related potential to mitigate human heat stress within urban districts". Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1119452554/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaWalikewitz, Nadine [Verfasser], Wilfried [Gutachter] Endlicher, Dieter [Gutachter] Scherer i Christoph [Gutachter] Schneider. "Urban Climate and Heat Stress Hazards - an Indoor Perspective / Nadine Walikewitz ; Gutachter: Wilfried Endlicher, Dieter Scherer, Christoph Schneider". Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1185578633/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaDonner, Julie [Verfasser], Johann [Akademischer Betreuer] Köppel, Johann [Gutachter] Köppel, Miranda A. [Gutachter] Schreurs i Birgit [Gutachter] Kleinschmit. "Driving forces and barriers for adaption strategies against the urban heat stress hazard in Berlin, Germany / Julie Donner ; Gutachter: Johann Köppel, Miranda A. Schreurs, Birgit Kleinschmit ; Betreuer: Johann Köppel". Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164076299/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaQureshi, Aiman Mazhar. "Modélisation et aide à la décision multicritère du confort thermique en milieu urbain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0081.
Pełny tekst źródłaUrban areas are the prevalent places of residence for people and are vulnerable to exasperating weather conditions such as heat stress. Periods of heat waves are increasingly reoccurring in the current atmosphere, and they are known to pose a serious and major threat to the health of human beings all over the world. Urban heat islands and heat waves increase thermal risks in urban areas and the vulnerability of the urban population. The increase in the number of heat episodes in urban areas has become a significant concern due to its adverse effects on human health and economic activities. The objective of this work is to identify the sensitivity of thermal comfort and their action variables, the modeling of thermal stress using the most influential meteorological variables, the identification of risk factors and highlight the correlation of meteorological trends and influencing parameters, solutions for mitigating heat stress and mathematical support for decision-making. Several machine and deep learning techniques were used for the system dynamic modeling of the thermal comfort. Optimized results are obtained from the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model which is used for the development of a web simulation tool allowing the inhabitants to evaluate their level of comfort according to the weather conditions. A heat vulnerability index map has been developed to indicate the vulnerability of occupants considering different aspects in a medium-sized city such as planning, green space, density, energy, quality air, water bodies and extreme heat events. The obtained results highlighted that poor air quality and heat events are interrelated, which draws the attention for decision-makers to intervene the additional measures in high-risk places. Field monitoring is carried out using sensors and a thermal camera to measure relevant variables and take action to minimize the effects of heat stress. In Last, multi-criteria decision-making methods were applied for the initial development of a decision support tool for the selection of urban heat resilience interventions that allows flexible, dynamic, and predictive use for designers and the users
Gabriel, Katharina. "Gesundheitsrisiken durch Wärmebelastung in Ballungsräumen". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16103.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn central Europe, global climate change will increase the number of meteorological extreme events, including thermal stress caused by heat. In metropolitan areas the effect of urban heat island is added. As the elderly population is vulnerable to high temperatures they are especially at risk. Considering urbanization and demographic changes the number of people under risk will further increase. To estimate future developments in vulnerability it is necessary to know the present ones. Therefore, 17 years between 1990 and 2006 are investigated. At first, data of six weather stations within the area of Berlin-Brandenburg are examined. In these climatic time series the occurrence of thermal stress is determined with three different methods – 95 percentile, regression, and the index of perceived temperature. The 95 percentile is adjusted to a moving mode. Using all three methods, periods of three weeks are evaluated concerning heat stress. To identify the most loaded period of each year the system of ''points of period heat load'' (PBP) is introduced. The periods of the years 1993, 1994, and 1997 as well as 2003 and 2006 were chosen to be examined in more detail. Atmospheric conditions and climatic elements are described first. Then the observed mortality is evaluated concerning age and sex as well as the spatial distribution on municipal level. The resulting pattern is compared with that of the level of sealing and with that of the proportion of people aged 65 and more. Results show that up to an age of 50 years periods with heat stress affect more men than women. Above this age the ratio of sex is reciprocal. The spatial analysis reveals that a high level of sealing is a risk factor especially during very strong heat load, while during periods with less strong heat load elderly people are more endangered living in a lower level of sealing. Future studies should examine the causes of death as well as further risk factors. This will build the basis for detailed intervention plans and scenarios of upcoming developments.
Lightle, Nicole E. "Effects of Air vs. Air+Soil Heating During a Simulated Heat Wave on White Oak (Quercus alba) and Black Oak (Quercus velutina)". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365159241.
Pełny tekst źródłaMemon, Rizwan Ahmed. "Statistical analysis of urban heat island and modeling of heat generation within street canyon". Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42664445.
Pełny tekst źródłaRedon, Emilie. "Modélisation de la végétation urbaine comme régulateur thermique". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30240/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaVegetation influences the urban climate, from road to city scale. Street trees implementation is an alternative technic to reduce the urban heat island and to improve the thermal comfort. They modify the radiative and energetic balances by intercepting and absorbing a part of the solar radiation, provide shade, increase the humidity with evapotranspiration, and alter the air flow in the urban canyons. The TEB model is one the rare urban climate models taking into account vegetation. It integrates parameterizations dedicated to low vegetation and green roofs. It can represent the small-scale interactions between mineral surfaces, vegetation and the atmosphere. During this PhD thesis, a parameterization has been developed to model the radiative, energetic and dynamical effects of street and garden trees in urban spaces. An explicit tree canopy has been integrated into the urban canyon, above gardens but also streets. The ISBA vegetation scheme has been used, and included in TEB, to represent these vegetated entities (both low and high strata). The radiative computations of the TEB model have been improved in order to represent the shading and attenuation of radiation due to trees, as well as all the infra-red interactions between the urban elements. An evaluation of the radiative budget has been done thanks to a comparison with the high- resolution architectural model SOLENE, using numerous different urban canyons with several layouts of tree canopies. Then, the energy fluxes computed by ISBA have been dis- aggregated between contributions from high and low vegetation. Fluxes allocated to the trees have been redistributed on the vertical in order to alter the microclimate at realistic height, i.e. respecting the position of the tree crown. A specific drag force of trees on the airflow is simulated. An evaluation has been done on a real experimental site in a canyon-like courtyard with trees where several microclimatic data were collected. The results show an impressive improvement of the surface temperatures of walls and ground, air temperature and wind speed. In the future, these implementations will allow to simulate more realistically several adaptation strategies using greening at city scale, and to evaluate their efficiency in terms of urban heat island mitigation, improvement of human comfort and building energy consumption
Gouch, Ayanna D. "Stress, Coping Strategies, and Cardiovascular Disease in African American Women - With Ethical Considerations for Health Care Practitioners". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/492593.
Pełny tekst źródłaM.A.
African American women have the highest rates of hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality rates related to CVD of all ethnic and racial groups in America. Understanding the factors contributing to these health disparities will be crucial to closing the gap in health outcomes. This thesis proposes that stressors and stress coping strategies are contributing as independent risk factors for CVD, thus leading to health disparities. Studies have shown that stress has a direct relationship to neuroendocrine processes in the body leading to elevated blood pressures and increased inflammation. Examining common stress factors among African American women and developing strategies to help relieve the burden of these stress factors will be an important ethical step toward eliminating the CVD health disparity between African American women and other ethnic groups. In addition, developing systemic support for coping with stress through health systems and health centers will be imperative for improving CVD health outcomes and agency among African American women.
Temple University--Theses
Liu, Xintao. "The Principle of Scaling of Geographic Space and its Application in Urban Studies". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90832.
Pełny tekst źródłaQC 20120301
Hägerstrand project entitled “GIS-based mobility information for sustainable urban planning and design”
de, Rijke Chris. "An empirical study on measuring the degree of life in cities". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32280.
Pełny tekst źródłaLiu, Tsai-Yun, i 劉采芸. "Relationships Between Risks of Urban Heat Stress and Outpatients of Heat-related Diseases". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55079220990302491023.
Pełny tekst źródła國立臺北大學
都市計劃研究所
103
Heatwaves are predicted to increase in frequency (quantity) and intensity as a consequence of climate change. Global climate change may intensify urban heat islands with implications for local heat stress, morbidity and public health. In this study, according to the risk assessment framework of the Fifth Assessment Report of IPCC, we analyzed the patterns of risks in Taipei Basin area under heatwaves. We used Landsat TM satellite images at July 21, 2007, to convert land surface temperature. Then we estimated the heat index of the study area with the regression of land surface temperature and the data of meteorological station. We also proposed a risk of heat assessment framework under heat stress, including exposure and vulnerability indicators. Spatial interpolation is used to calculate the duration and intensity of extreme heat events, and further, the data was divided into sensitivity indicators to assess the vulnerable population and the adaptive capacity indicators to evaluate the extent to which the heat impact was reduced. Finally, we used the data of outpatients of heat-related diseases from the National Health Insurance Database to analyze the relationships between socio-economic factors and heat-related morbidity in Taipei Basin area. To better understand the patterns of the risks of extreme heat events, we suggested some improvements to the area which were relatively lack of medical resources. Our results suggest that (a) the outpatients of heat-related diseases had a significant positive correlation with the heat index in Taipei Basin area under extreme heat events; (b) there were four districts in high risks of heat stress, including Sanchong, Datong, Wanhua and Yonghe District; (c) different from some prior studies, the indicators in this study reflected the empirical risks of the outpatients of heat-related diseases during extreme heat events. The results of the study could be used to help modifing the urban development policies, and finally reached a just, healthy, security and sustainable society.
"Vulnerability to Heat Stress in Urban Areas: A Sustainability Perspective". Doctoral diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.20929.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Sustainability 2013
Xue, Han-Yun, i 薛涵云. "Spatial Analyses of Vulnerability to Heat Stress and Morbidity of Heat Related Diseases- A Case Study of Taipei Urban Region". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7hgfm5.
Pełny tekst źródła國立臺北大學
都市計劃研究所
105
While facing to the challenge of the global climate change, the appearance of the extreme weather strikes the eco-system and the living environment of human being. In this study, we discussed the impact of heat events to the morbidity of heat related diseases. Based on previous works from other researchers, we set suitable definition of heat event for Taipei urban region and utilized multiple regression and overlay analysis to analyze the relationship between heat events and he morbidity of heat related diseases. According to the results, we found that as high-sensitive group to heat events, the population of aborigines and the economic ability both are main factors of the morbidity of heat related diseases in urban region. However, natural environment related factors are dominant in rural region. With the longer duration of heat events, the morbidity of heat related diseases will be higher, whereas the coverage of green space and the education level are two factors that can improve the adaptation capacity of rural region. Additionally, we found that single approach to evaluate the heat vulnerability is not able to reflect the actual encounter data in regions with different social economical structures. To establish suitable models of heat vulnerability evaluation, weather characteristics, economical condition, culture of local regions should be analyzed. Base on the analysis results of this study, following advises will be proposed in response heat events: improve the health care system for high-sensitive group in Taipei urban region, raise concern to living environment of aborigines, establish warming systems for heat events according to local conditions, increase the crisis awareness to heat events in rural regions, and improve the medical and health care resources in rural regions.
Urban, Aleš. "Vliv teplotních extrémů na hospitalizace s onemocněním oběhové soustavy". Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310466.
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