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Data publikacji: 25 maja 2024

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1

Savage, Patrick E., Steven Brown, Emi Sakai i Thomas E. Currie. "Statistical universals reveal the structures and functions of human music". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, nr 29 (29.06.2015): 8987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414495112.

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Music has been called “the universal language of mankind.” Although contemporary theories of music evolution often invoke various musical universals, the existence of such universals has been disputed for decades and has never been empirically demonstrated. Here we combine a music-classification scheme with statistical analyses, including phylogenetic comparative methods, to examine a well-sampled global set of 304 music recordings. Our analyses reveal no absolute universals but strong support for many statistical universals that are consistent across all nine geographic regions sampled. These universals include 18 musical features that are common individually as well as a network of 10 features that are commonly associated with one another. They span not only features related to pitch and rhythm that are often cited as putative universals but also rarely cited domains including performance style and social context. These cross-cultural structural regularities of human music may relate to roles in facilitating group coordination and cohesion, as exemplified by the universal tendency to sing, play percussion instruments, and dance to simple, repetitive music in groups. Our findings highlight the need for scientists studying music evolution to expand the range of musical cultures and musical features under consideration. The statistical universals we identified represent important candidates for future investigation.

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2

Andrighetto, Giulia. "Universali linguistici e categorie grammaticali". PARADIGMI, nr 2 (lipiec 2009): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/para2009-002010.

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- In this paper I explore the consistency of an idea of language structures as both universal in their nature and empirical in their genesis. To this aim, I assume the theory of the parts of speech as a case study. I proceed from a brief historical reconstruction of 20th-century theories of grammatical categories to an analysis of the semantics of the parts of speech, with particular emphasis on Ronald Langacker's philosophy of grammar. Finally I focus on the theory of prepositions in order to explore the relations between language and perception and the function of perceptual schemas at the basis of linguistic categories.Keywords: Linguistic universals, Parts of speech, Perceptual schemas, Cognitive linguistics, Prepositions, Philosophy of grammar.Parole chiave: Universali linguistici, Parti del discorso, Schemi percettivi, Linguistica cognitiva, Preposizioni, Filosofia della grammatica.

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3

Shelah, Saharon. "Universal Structures". Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 58, nr 2 (2017): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00294527-3800985.

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Fisher, A. R. J. "Structural universals". Philosophy Compass 13, nr 10 (11.06.2018): e12518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12518.

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Hammer, Barbara, Alessio Micheli i Alessandro Sperduti. "Universal Approximation Capability of Cascade Correlation for Structures". Neural Computation 17, nr 5 (1.05.2005): 1109–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0899766053491878.

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Cascade correlation (CC) constitutes a training method for neural networks that determines the weights as well as the neural architecture during training. Various extensions of CC to structured data have been proposed: recurrent cascade correlation (RCC) for sequences, recursive cascade correlation (RecCC) for tree structures with limited fan-out, and contextual recursive cascade correlation (CRecCC) for rooted directed positional acyclic graphs (DPAGs) with limited fan-in and fan-out. We show that these models possess the universal approximation property in the following sense: given a probability measure P on the input set, every measurable function from sequences into a real vector space can be approximated by a sigmoidal RCC up to any desired degree of accuracy up to inputs of arbitrary small probability. Every measurable function from tree structures with limited fan-out into a real vector space can be approximated by a sigmoidal RecCC with multiplicative neurons up to any desired degree of accuracy up to inputs of arbitrary small probability. For sigmoidal CRecCC networks with multiplicative neurons, we show the universal approximation capability for functions on an important subset of all DPAGs with limited fan-in and fan-out for which a specific linear representation yields unique codes. We give one sufficient structural condition for the latter property, which can easily be tested: the enumeration of ingoing and outgoing edges should becom patible. This property can be fulfilled for every DPAG with fan-in and fan-out two via reenumeration of children and parents, and for larger fan-in and fan-out via an expansion of the fan-in and fan-out and reenumeration of children and parents. In addition, the result can be generalized to the case of input-output isomorphic transductions of structures. Thus, CRecCC networks consti-tute the first neural models for which the universal approximation ca-pability of functions involving fairly general acyclic graph structures is proved.

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6

Kotsiubovska, Halina. "Structural and Communicative Features of Coordinating Structures as a Language Universal". Naukovì pracì Nacìonalʹnoï bìblìoteki Ukraïni ìmenì V Ì Vernadsʹkogo, nr 59 (16.12.2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/np.59.079.

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7

Buckler, Frank, i Thorsten Hennig-Thurau. "Identifying Hidden Structures in Marketing's Structural Models through Universal Structure Modeling". Marketing ZFP 30, JRM 2 (2008): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2008-jrm-2-47.

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8

Jacobs, A. E., i David Mukamel. "Universal incommensurate structures". Journal of Statistical Physics 58, nr 3-4 (luty 1990): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01112759.

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9

Fagan, David S. "Nasal Elision and Universals: Evidence from Romance". Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 35, nr 3 (wrzesień 1990): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100013700.

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The postulation of diachronic universals derives from certain conclusions reached in the investigation of synchronic universals, i.e., that there are natural (universal) phonological subsystems in languages or dialects, and that there are natural (universal) structural relationships between the elements in these subsystems. In essence, a hypothesis about a particular diachronic universal is a claim that a shared natural state in various languages or dialects is the product of the same diachronic process (a sound change, series of linked sound changes, etc.). A counterproposal to this hypothesis would specify that there are multiple diachronic routes which can link two parallel states in the history of two or more innovating languages or dialects. If the latter view is correct, and I believe that it is, then the theory of diachronic universals will require refinement if it is to retain theoretical value.

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10

Talanov, Valery. "Structural similarity of sign systems as the basis of metalanguage of culture". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (5.08.2014): C1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314085702.

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The problem of structural similarity of various sign systems is discussed. People`s creative works of art and models of chemical structures, genetic and linguistic codes are compared. Structural similarity (sometimes isomorphism) of sign systems, relating to various spheres of culture, is objective reason of possibility of universal metalanguage creation. What proofs are provided? Many ornaments on mausoleums and mosques in Islamic art precisely correspond to motives of structures of inorganic crystals in polyhedral representation, especially structures of silicates. An interesting example of structural isomorphism is the structure of architectural masterpieces with geode surfaces and fullerenes molecules structures. Fullerene structures and geodetic domes are also structurally similar to the forms of some biological organisms, for example, to the simple viruses and radiolyariyas. Structural analogy of inorganic substances with spiral structures and world art is highlighted. For example, according to a structural motive of a double spiral of a DNA molecule the sculpture «The Rape of the Sabines» (1583) by Giambologna is constructed. This sculpture is created 370 years prior to D. Watson and F. Crick great discovery. Studying of medieval Islamic decorative art showed that some geometrical ornaments were constructed on the principles which were close to models of quasicrystal geometry of alloys. The types of structural similarity of sign systems are classified into three groups: order structures; algebraic structures; topological structures. Various types of symmetry belong to order structures. Structural similarity of sign systems is described by different types of symmetry. In the author's opinion symmetry is one of the universal metalanguage of culture [1].

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11

Liu, Jiang, i Guohua Wu. "An almost-universal cupping degree". Journal of Symbolic Logic 76, nr 4 (grudzień 2011): 1137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1318338843.

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AbstractSay that an incomplete d.r.e. degree has almost universal cupping property, if it cups all the r.e. degrees not below it to 0′. In this paper, we construct such a degree d, with all the r.e. degrees not cupping d to 0′ bounded by some r.e. degree strictly below d. The construction itself is an interesting 0″′ argument and this new structural property can be used to study final segments of various degree structures in the Ershov hierarchy.

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12

Lewis, David. "Against structural universals". Australasian Journal of Philosophy 64, nr 1 (marzec 1986): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048408612342211.

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13

Bigelow, John. "Towards structural universals". Australasian Journal of Philosophy 64, nr 1 (marzec 1986): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048408612342291.

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14

Kechris, A. S., V. Pestov i S. Todorcevic. "Universal minimal flows of automorphism groups". Bulletin: Classe des sciences mathematiques et natturalles 127, nr 28 (2003): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bmat0328093k.

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We investigate some connections between the Fraiss? theory of amalgamation classes and ultrahomogeneous structures, Ramsey theory, and topological dynamics of automorphism groups of countable structures. We show, in particular, that results from the structural Ramsey theory can be quite useful in recognizing the universal minimal flows of this kind of groups. As result we compute universal minimal flows of several well known topological groups such as, for example, the automorphism group of the random graph, the automorphism group of the random triangle-free graph, the automorphism group of the ?-dimensional vector space over a finite field, the automorphism group of the countable atomless Boolean algebra, etc. So we have here a reversal in the traditional relationship between topological dynamics and Ramsey theory, the Ramsey-theoretic results are used in proving theorems of topological dynamics rather than vice versa.

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15

Kolská, Zdeňka, i Pavel Petrus. "Tool for group contribution methods – computational fragmentation". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 75, nr 4 (2010): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2009533.

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Group contribution methods are presently one of the universal and the most frequently used approach to estimate many physico-chemical properties of compounds. One of the important steps in development of group contribution method is a correct division of chemical structures of compounds into defined structural fragments. Computational program dividing automatically chemical structures of compounds (hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons) into structural fragments are now presented. For description of chemical structures of compounds and structural fragments we used SMILES format. New database of fragments and new record of fragments were created.

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16

Meier, Martin. "Universal knowledge–belief structures". Games and Economic Behavior 62, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2007.03.001.

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17

Steddy, Sam, i Vieri Samek-Lodovici. "On the Ungrammaticality of Remnant Movement in the Derivation of Greenberg's Universal 20". Linguistic Inquiry 42, nr 3 (lipiec 2011): 445–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00053.

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We propose an analysis that derives Cinque's (2005) typology of linear orders involving a demonstrative, numeral, adjective, and noun through four Optimality Theory constraints requiring leftward alignment of these items. We show that remnant movement is ungrammatical whenever it produces universally suboptimal alignments, compared with remnant-movement-free structures. Any movement is permitted, but only the best alignment configurations surface as grammatical. We also show that Cinque's original analysis must encode the structural derivations of all attested orders as parametric values of the associated languages. Our analysis need not make similar structural stipulations, as the different attested structures emerge from constraint reranking.

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18

Ismail, Nabil, Moheb Iskander i Walid El-Sayed. "ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL FLOODING AT SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN WITH GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR LOWLAND COASTAL ZONES". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, nr 33 (28.12.2012): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.83.

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This paper presents an assessment of the performance of a shoreline revetment; M. Ali Seawall, placed to protect the land behind against flooding and overtopping at coastal site, within Abu Qir Bay, East of Alexandria along the Nile Delta coast. Coastal zone management of the bay coastline is of utmost significance to the protection of the low agricultural land and the industrial complex located in the rear side of the seawall under the current and progressive effects of climate change. The latest storm in December 2010, which hit the Nile Delta and which was the severest in the last decades showed that generated surges, up to 1.0 m as well as a maximum of 7.5 m wave height in the offshore of Alexandria presented a major natural hazard in coastal zones in terms of wave run up and overtopping. The storm, fortunately, resulted in a partial and modest flooding of the zone behind the seawall particularly in the beach segment, located in the middle of the seawall. This research project aims to the design review of the seawall which was first constructed in 1830 to protect the lowland agricultural area, 2.0 m below mean sea level, and was rehabilitated in 1981 as part of the Master Plan of the Nile Delta Coastal Zone Management. The seawall was further upgraded in 2009; one year before the 2010 storm. The paper will give an overview of the seawall design and its upgrades and the current conducted hydrodynamic analyses to estimate wave height distributions, wave run up and overtopping over the seawall and its beach segment. Use has been made of the in-house modified ImSedTran-2D model as well as universal design standards as EurOtop (2008). Based on the results for worst design scenarios, recommendations are given to increase the height of the seawall cap, to strengthen the beach top and back slope with a facility to drain storm water to increase coastal resilience behind the seawall. Comparison of the predicted overtopping with the observed wave overtopping volumes during the 8hrs-2010 storm, allowed the verification of the used universal design tools. Impact of precise estimate of storm and barometric surge as well as seawall armor roughness and shapes on overtopping rates are highlighted.

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19

Escure, Geneviève. "Topic Structures As Language Universals". Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 3, nr 2 (1.01.1988): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.3.2.02esc.

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The continuous process of language mixing which takes place in the development of creole continua is particularly suited to favor the emergence of language universals. Topic-comment structures are found to be extensively used in English-based Caribbean basilects. Furthermore, topic prominence is also characteristic of the mesolectal and acrolectal va-rieties acquired by native speakers of creole vernaculars. Topic strategies are identified as they occur throughout the continuum, and in particular as they extend to other structures. More specifically, dislocation strategies are found to spread relativization through the circuitous route of relexified topic particles. It is argued that if there is a "bioprogram" (Bickerton 1981), it might be reflected not only in creole grammars, but also, and perhaps more extensively still, in the strategies represented in the contigu-ous acrolects, as well as in other situations involving conflicting linguistic systems.

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20

Adamopoulos, John, i Robert N. Bontempo. "Diachronic Universals in Interpersonal Structures". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 17, nr 2 (czerwiec 1986): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002186017002003.

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Lockyer, Adam, i Peter K. Hatemi. "Resolving the Difference between Evolutionary Antecedents of Political Attitudes and Sources of Human Variation". Canadian Journal of Political Science 47, nr 3 (wrzesień 2014): 549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423914000900.

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AbstractHumans, despite the country they inhabit, the social structures they constitute, and the forms of governments they live under, universally possess political attitudes; that is, those attitudes towards sexual norms, out-groups, resource allocation, cooperation and fairness. It has been proposed that this near universal manifestation across societies remains ingrained in the psychological architecture of humans because of human evolution. However, there is enormous variation in political attitudes within and across populations, and this variation is not merely a function of social differences but derives, in part, through neurobiological differences within human populations. Thus, there is great confusion on the difference between what has evolved as universal, and what is due to individual variation. This confusion, results, in part on the lack of integration of the theoretical mechanisms that addresses how humans vary within evolutionarily adaptive universals. Here we seek to fill this lacuna by explicating how evolutionary biology and psychology account for the universal need for humans to have political attitudes while neurobiological differences account for variation within those evolved structures.

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22

Mekler, Alan H. "Universal structures in power ℵ1". Journal of Symbolic Logic 55, nr 2 (czerwiec 1990): 466–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274640.

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AbstractIt is consistent with ¬ CH that every universal theory of relational structures with the joint embedding property and amalgamation for -(3)-diagrams has a universal model of cardinality ℵ1. For classes with amalgamation for -(4)-diagrams it is consistent that and there is a universal model of cardinality ℵ2.

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23

Khisamiev, A. N. "Universal Functions and KΣ-Structures". Siberian Mathematical Journal 61, nr 3 (maj 2020): 552–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0037446620030192.

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Laflamme*, C., N. W. Sauer† i V. Vuksanovic. "Canonical Partitions Of Universal Structures". Combinatorica 26, nr 2 (kwiecień 2006): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00493-006-0013-2.

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25

Chung, Fan, Persi Diaconis i Ron Graham. "Universal cycles for combinatorial structures". Discrete Mathematics 110, nr 1-3 (grudzień 1992): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(92)90699-g.

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Heinsalu, Sander. "Universal type structures with unawareness". Games and Economic Behavior 83 (styczeń 2014): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2013.11.012.

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27

Csirmaz, Laszlo. "Complexity of universal access structures". Information Processing Letters 112, nr 4 (luty 2012): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2011.10.022.

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28

Negri, Maurizio. "UNIVERSAL FUNCTIONS IN PARTIAL STRUCTURES". Zeitschrift für Mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik 38, nr 1 (1992): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/malq.19920380121.

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Forrest, Peter. "A SPECULATIVE SOLUTION TO THE INSTANTIATION AND STRUCTURE PROBLEMS FOR UNIVERSALS". American Philosophical Quarterly 55, nr 2 (1.04.2018): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45128608.

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Abstract Typical structural universals are not just the mereological sum of their constituents. Hence, there is the Structure Problem of explaining this non-mereological structure. The Instantiation Problem is that the predicate "U is instantiated by x, y, etc., in that order" is ill-suited to be a primitive, unanalyzed predicate. The proposed solution to these problems is based on the observation that if universal U is said to supervene upon universals V, W, etc., then it is the instantiation of U that supervenes on the instantiation of V, W, etc. Assuming there are few subvenient universals, which is admittedly a speculation, their instantiation may be explained in ways that would be uneconomic if there were too many.

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Mesić Kiš, Ivana. "Comparison of Ordinary and Universal Kriging interpolation techniques on a depth variable (a case of linear spatial trend), case study of the Šandrovac Field". Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 31, nr 2 (2016): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2016.2.4.

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Universal Kriging has not until now been used for mapping of geological data in Croatia. However, it is one of the most frequently used methods of Kriging, probably the most adequate in cases when the input data is marked by a common trend. That exact feature is often an attribute of deep geological data, and thereby that of structural maps. Mapped surfaces in a row of examples have a structural trend towards one cardinal direction, or a sequence of geological structures, like anticlinorium, is a part of a structural unit of a higher order such as regional monocline. An example is given of geographical trend recognition in e-log Z’ surface spread in Šandrovac Field as well as successful mapping of that marker depth variable by using Universal Kriging.

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Wang, Bin. "The innovative structural systems at the heart of China’s surge in super high-rise structures". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 174, nr 4 (listopad 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jcien.2021.174.4.149.

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There is a surge in the construction of super high-rise buildings in China. Bin Wang of Sichuan University outlines the various innovative structural systems being used, in particular the universal adoption of steel plate–reinforced concrete composite walls.

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Švec, Ondřej. "Strukturální antropologie a „konec člověka“". Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 31, nr 2 (20.08.2009): 19–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46938/tv.2009.24.

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According to the traditional interpretation, Lévi-Strauss’ structural anthropology deposes the concept of man and the notion of human nature from its central place in human and social sciences. While it’s necessary to acknowledge Lévi-Strauss’ distance vis-à-vis all philosophy based on intentionality, experience and consciousness of subject, we argue that the most interesting purpose of the structural anthropology lies elsewhere. Not only Lévi-Strauss never declared himself being part of anti-humanism movement, but most of all, his famous polemics with Sartre at the end of La Pensée sauvage should be interpreted as part of his fight against ethnocentrism. The project of “dissolving the man” can be thus read as deconstructing the idea that western man makes of himself in the light of ethnological findings about universal structures orchestrating all human societies. We further show that the notion of subject survived its very death announced by the most radical structuralist thinkers and that structural method could be effectively employed in order to study different techniques and modes of subjectivation, revealing that “becoming subject” is a process structured by our language, symbolic universe and ethical teleology.

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Anderson, John. "Substance, structural analogy, and universals". Language Sciences 39 (wrzesień 2013): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2013.02.005.

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Armstrong, D. M. "In defence of structural universals". Australasian Journal of Philosophy 64, nr 1 (marzec 1986): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048408612342261.

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Bigelow, John, i Robert Pargetter. "A theory of structural universals". Australasian Journal of Philosophy 67, nr 1 (marzec 1989): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048408912343641.

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Takoeva, Tamara A. "LINGUISTIC UNIVERSALS AS THE FOUNDATION OF COMPARATIVE RESEARCH". Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 14, nr 4 (29.12.2022): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-4-171-183.

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The article is devoted to linguistic universals as one of the most important term of typology and the foundation of comparative research. Purpose. The analysis is aimed at tracing the history of the emergence and formation of the term linguistic universals, as well as analyzing the available definitions and classifications of universals on the basis of the synthesis of the views of famous linguists and the authors’ own observations, and determining the place of verbal constructions with an aspectual meaning in the system of linguistic universals. The relevance of the research is due to the constant interest of scientists in particular languages as a product of universal thinking, as well as the discovery of new universals and the need for their description and systematization. The research material is the texts of translations of Ossetian folk tales into Russian, English and Turkish. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is theoretical analysis of literary sources, comparison, generalization, systematization оf empirical data. Results. The article concludes that there is no unambiguous interpretation of linguistic universals and, consequently, there are different approaches to the definition of the term universals depending on the volume of linguistic phenomena covered by this term. Discrepancies in the set of tools for implementing universal aspectual meanings of the compared languages can be explained by the peculiarities of the structural and typological organization of each specific language. Practical implications. The results of the analysis can be used in routine didactic processes, contributing to the improvement of the methodology of teaching a practical course of languages, a course of theoretical grammar, translation theory.

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Dzwierzynska, J. "Shaping of Spatial Steel Rod Structures Based on a Hyperbolic Paraboloid". Archives of Civil Engineering 64, nr 4 (1.12.2018): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2018-0076.

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SummaryThe aim of the study was to develop a practical approach to parametric shaping of spatial steel rod structures formed based on a hyperbolic paraboloid. This design approach was realized by application of designing tools working in environment of Rhinoceros 3D, that is its plug-in Grasshopper for geometric modelling and Karamba 3D for structural analysis. The goal of this research was to elaborate an universal scripts in order to create rod structures’ models of various forms and grid patterns, as well as evaluating their structural behaviour dependently on various boundary conditions. The optimisation criterion was the minimum mass and deflection. Several proposals of coverings by means of single layer grid structures were presented and analysed to choose the best solution. The rod structures generated based on a hyperbolic paraboloid turned out to be structures with good static properties, so may be an interesting proposals to cover large areas.

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Attig, Jan, Jinhong Park, Michael M. Scherer, Simon Trebst, Alexander Altland i Achim Rosch. "Universal principles of moiré band structures". 2D Materials 8, nr 4 (3.09.2021): 044007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/ac1cf0.

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Hermida, Claudio. "From coherent structures to universal properties". Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 165, nr 1 (listopad 2001): 7–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4049(01)00008-1.

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Vance, William, George Tsarouhas i John Ross. "Universal Bifurcation Structures of Forced Oscillators". Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 99 (1989): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.99.331.

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Pinto, M. C. "Separable Kripke structures are algebraically universal". Algebra Universalis 42, nr 1-2 (1.09.1999): 17–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000120050121.

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Droste, Manfred. "Universal homogeneous event structures and domains". Information and Computation 94, nr 1 (wrzesień 1991): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-5401(91)90032-w.

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Müller, Isabel. "Fraïssé structures with universal automorphism groups". Journal of Algebra 463 (październik 2016): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2016.06.010.

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Mikkilineni, Rao, i Mark Burgin. "Structural Machines as Unconventional Knowledge Processors". Proceedings 47, nr 1 (7.05.2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020047026.

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Knowledge systems often have very sophisticated structures depicting cognitive andstructural entities. For instance, representation of knowledge in the form of a text involves thestructure of this text. This structure is represented by a hypertext, which is networks consisting oflinguistic objects, such as words, phrases and sentences, with diverse links connecting them.Current computational machines and automata such as Turing machines process information inthe form of symbol sequences. Here we discuss based the methods of structural machinesachieving higher flexibility and efficiency of information processing in comparison with regularmodels of computation. Being structurally universal abstract automata, structural machines allowworking directly with knowledge structures formed by knowledge objects and connectionsbetween them.

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Mikkilineni, Rao, i Mark Burgin. "Structural Machines as Unconventional Knowledge Processors". Proceedings 47, nr 1 (7.05.2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings47010026.

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Knowledge systems often have very sophisticated structures depicting cognitive andstructural entities. For instance, representation of knowledge in the form of a text involves thestructure of this text. This structure is represented by a hypertext, which is networks consisting oflinguistic objects, such as words, phrases and sentences, with diverse links connecting them.Current computational machines and automata such as Turing machines process information inthe form of symbol sequences. Here we discuss based the methods of structural machinesachieving higher flexibility and efficiency of information processing in comparison with regularmodels of computation. Being structurally universal abstract automata, structural machines allowworking directly with knowledge structures formed by knowledge objects and connectionsbetween them.

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Mosallam, Ayman S., Nabih E. Bedewi i Evan Goldstein. "Design Optimisation of FRP Universal Connectors". Engineering Plastics 2, nr 2 (styczeń 1994): 147823919400200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919400200206.

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There has been an increased demand for developing special connecting elements for pultruded fibre reinforced plastics (PFRP) structures. The first prototype of a moulded fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) universal connector (UC) was presented to the industry in previous work. The merit of this connector was proven through a full-scale testing program for PFRP beam-to-column connections. In order to develop a series of FRP connections with high structural performance and the lowest possible associated cost, design optimisation techniques must be utilised. For this reason, a design optimisation study on a FRP universal connector was conducted. In evaluating the structural performance of each UC design, finite element analysis was employed. The main objective of the study is to develop an optimum design for the UC by maximising its load carrying capacity and minimising the stress concentration at the critical locations. In order to minimize the number of design variables required for producing the optimum UC, the Taguchi statistical method for quality control was incorporated in this study. In this method, statistically planned experiments are used to identify the settings of the UC design parameters that reduce performance variation. Among the different parameters selected in the study are the UC geometry, composite lay-up, and thickness of the various elements comprising the connector. The results of the analysis indicated that the UC wall thickness, the addition of diagonal webs, and the orientation of the fibres in the webs improve the stiffness significantly. Other design recommandations and conclusions are also presented.

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Mosallam, Ayman S., Nabih E. Bedewi i Evan Goldstein. "Design Optimisation of FRP Universal Connectors". Polymers and Polymer Composites 2, nr 2 (luty 1994): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119400200206.

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There has been an increased demand for developing special connecting elements for pultruded fibre reinforced plastics (PFRP) structures. The first prototype of a moulded fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) universal connector (UC) was presented to the industry in previous work. The merit of this connector was proven through a full-scale testing program for PFRP beam-to-column connections. In order to develop a series of FRP connections with high structural performance and the lowest possible associated cost, design optimisation techniques must be utilised. For this reason, a design optimisation study on a FRP universal connector was conducted. In evaluating the structural performance of each UC design, finite element analysis was employed. The main objective of the study is to develop an optimum design for the UC by maximising its load carrying capacity and minimising the stress concentration at the critical locations. In order to minimize the number of design variables required for producing the optimum UC, the Taguchi statistical method for quality control was incorporated in this study. In this method, statistically planned experiments are used to identify the settings of the UC design parameters that reduce performance variation. Among the different parameters selected in the study are the UC geometry, composite lay-up, and thickness of the various elements comprising the connector. The results of the analysis indicated that the UC wall thickness, the addition of diagonal webs, and the orientation of the fibres in the webs improve the stiffness significantly. Other design recommandations and conclusions are also presented.

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Anderson, John M. "Structural analogy and universal grammar". Lingua 116, nr 5 (maj 2006): 601–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2004.08.013.

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Popov, V. P., V. A. Antonov, F. V. Tikhonenko, A. V. Myakonkikh i K. V. Rudenko. "Thermal stability of ferroelectric films based on hafnium-zirconium dioxide on silicon". Известия Российской академии наук. Серия физическая 87, nr 6 (1.06.2023): 867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0367676523701508.

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The results are presented indicating an increase in thermal stability, as well as structural and electrophysical properties of obtained by plasma-stimulated atomic layer deposition (PEALD) 20 nm ferroelectric HfO2, Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films with the inserts of Al2O3 monolayers and without them, in metal-ferroelectric-silicon mesa structures, promising for universal memory devices.

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Atran, Scott. "Folk biology and the anthropology of science: Cognitive universals and cultural particulars". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, nr 4 (sierpień 1998): 547–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98001277.

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This essay in the “anthropology of science” is about how cognition constrains culture in producing science. The example is folk biology, whose cultural recurrence issues from the very same domain-specific cognitive universals that provide the historical backbone of systematic biology. Humans everywhere think about plants and animals in highly structured ways. People have similar folk-biological taxonomies composed of essence-based, species-like groups and the ranking of species into lower- and higher-order groups. Such taxonomies are not as arbitrary in structure and content, nor as variable across cultures, as the assembly of entities into cosmologies, materials, or social groups. These structures are routine products of our “habits of mind,” which may in part be naturally selected to grasp relevant and recurrent “habits of the world.” An experiment illustrates that the same taxonomic rank is preferred for making biological inferences in two diverse populations: Lowland Maya and Midwest Americans. These findings cannot be explained by domain-general models of similarity because such models cannot account for why both cultures prefer species-like groups, although Americans have relatively little actual knowledge or experience at this level. This supports a modular view of folk biology as a core domain of human knowledge and as a special player, or “core meme,” in the selection processes by which cultures evolve. Structural aspects of folk taxonomy provide people in different cultures with the built-in constraints and flexibility that allow them to understand and respond appropriately to different cultural and ecological settings. Another set of reasoning experiments shows that Maya, American folk, and scientists use similarly structured taxonomies in somewhat different ways to extend their understanding of the world in the face of uncertainty. Although folk and scientific taxonomies diverge historically, they continue to interact. The theory of evolution may ultimately dispense with the core concepts of folk biology, including species, taxonomy, and teleology; in practice, however, these may remain indispensable to doing scientific work. Moreover, theory-driven scientific knowledge cannot simply replace folk knowledge in everyday life. Folk-biological knowledge is not driven by implicit or inchoate theories of the sort science aims to make more accurate and perfect.

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