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1
Adler, William D. "State Capacity and Bureaucratic Autonomy in the Early United States: The Case of the Army Corps of Topographical Engineers". Studies in American Political Development 26, nr 2 (13.08.2012): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x12000053.
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This article reconsiders early American state capacity through a close examination of the U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers. The topographical corps, a bureau in the antebellum War Department, developed a form of conditional bureaucratic autonomy far earlier than recognized in previous scholarship, giving it a central role in shaping national economic development policies, especially in the nation's periphery. Unlike robust bureaucratic autonomy, such as that described by Daniel Carpenter (2001, 2010; see footnote 4), conditional autonomy is highly contingent and can quickly fracture if the surrounding environment changes. The long-serving chief of the corps, Col. John J. Abert, shaped the opinions of his supposed principals by managing the ideas, information, and proposals directed to them. When faced with challenges, the corps proved to be a flexible organization that adapted its methods to accomplish its preferred ultimate goals using different instruments. In the end, however, the corps' autonomy was threatened when it became involved in the sectional politics surrounding the potential building of a transcontinental railroad line. Once the corps lost several of the conditions supporting its autonomy, its downfall was swift. This article thus joins a recent wave of scholarship highlighting strengths within the early American state by foregrounding the role of the armed forces in statebuilding.
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Studds, Robert F. A. "COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY DATA - AN AID TO THE COASTAL ENGINEER". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, nr 1 (12.05.2010): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v1.11.
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In its long career of surveying and chartering the coastal waters of the United States and possessions, a career which dates back to the early part of the nineteenth century, the work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey has been associated with the problems of the coastal engineer. Its successive hydrographic and topographic surveys of the coastal regions furnish basic data for the study of changes in the coastline and adjacent underwater topography and the means to arrest these changes; its tide and current surveys provide the fundamental data necessary in the design of waterfront structures and in harbor improvement; and its geodetic control surveys provide an accurate base for the preliminary study and final construction plans for large-scale improvement projects. To a lesser extent the geomagnetic and seismologic data of the Bureau have also been used by the coastal engineer.
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Neuhaus, Paul. "United States Bureau of the Census989United States Bureau of the Census. United States Bureau of the Census, URL: http//www.census.gov". Electronic Resources Review 2, nr 2 (luty 1998): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/err.1998.2.2.10.9.
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Holding, Nicole. "Prenatal Care in the Rural United States, 1912–1929". Bulletin of the History of Medicine 97, nr 2 (czerwiec 2023): 294–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a905732.
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summary: In 1920, maternal mortality rates in the United States exceeded those of other industrialized nations. To redress this statistic, the federal Children's Bureau set its sights on improving access to prenatal care at a time when 80 percent of American women received none. In 1921, following lobbying by urban, middle-class progressive women working at or in support of the Bureau, the government legislated for prenatal care programs through the Sheppard-Towner Act. To date, historians have focused on how successfully women implemented the act's provisions, paying less attention to whether support for rural mothers reduced maternal mortality rates. Using Children's Bureau pamphlets, documents pertaining to the Sheppard-Towner Act, and letters written to the Bureau from poor, rural women, this article brings government workers, medical professionals, and the women they served into dialogue to analyze the first push to establish prenatal care for underserved American women and the obstacles that stood in the way.
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Bednarczuk, Michael. "Ideology, Vote Choice, and Bureaucracy Across Time: A Longitudinal Test of the Bureau Voting Model in the United States". Administration & Society 50, nr 6 (11.08.2015): 812–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399715598342.
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How applicable is the bureau voting model to the United States? Although the literature suggests that government employees are more liberal and vote more Democratic, these findings have recently become inconsistent stateside. In addition, there are strong counterarguments to the premises of the bureau voting model. It is hypothesized that bureaucrats are neither more likely to support Democrats nor more liberal. Using data from the American National Election Studies covering a 30-year period, probit and generalized ordered logit models support these new hypotheses. These results suggest that the bureau voting model may need to be refined for the United States.
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Broome, Frederick R., Carl S. Hantman, Robert W. Marx i Timothy F. Trainor. "Automated Mapping at the United States Census Bureau: 1980-1994". Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22, nr 2 (styczeń 1995): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304095782540429.
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Palmer, Mark. "Cartographic Encounters at the Bureau of Indian Affairs Geographic Information System Center of Calculation". American Indian Culture and Research Journal 36, nr 2 (1.01.2012): 75–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.36.2.m41052k383378203.
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The centering processes of geographic information system (GIS) development at the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was an extension of past cartographic encounters with American Indians through the central control of geospatial technologies, uneven development of geographic information resources, and extension of technically dependent clientele. Cartographic encounters included the historical exchanges of geographic information between indigenous people and non-Indians in North America. Scientists and technicians accumulated geographic information at the center of calculation where scientific maps, models, and simulations emerged. A study of GIS development at the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs will demonstrate some centering processes.
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Perkins, Mark A., i Jonathan W. Carrier. "Using R Shiny to develop a dashboard using IPEDS, U.S. Census, and bureau of labor statistics data". PLOS ONE 18, nr 1 (11.01.2023): e0278573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278573.
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This paper describes the development of an RStudio (now known as Posit) dashboard derived from the Integrated Postsecondary Educational Data System, the United States Census Bureau, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides the user with institutional, community, and career information of IPEDS reporting higher education institutions in the United States and its territories. With this dashboard, users can select and learn about institutions, explore enrollment trends and demographics, compare outcomes, and correlate community and institutional variables. Users can also link degrees to career projections and wages. This paper explains how the dashboard was developed with examples of R programming language.
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Golden, J., i J. P. Brosco. "The United States Children's Bureau and Pediatric Medicine: A Retrospective Analysis". PEDIATRICS 130, nr 6 (19.11.2012): 993–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-1865.
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Hummer, Don. "United States Bureau of Prisons’ Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic". Victims & Offenders 15, nr 7-8 (2.10.2020): 1262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2020.1829765.
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Schwarzkopf, Leroy C. "United States Census Bureau CD-ROM evaluation project: A news note". Government Publications Review 14, nr 3 (styczeń 1987): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(87)90071-9.
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Deitelzweig, Steven B., Jay Lin, Barbara H. Johnson i Kathy L. Schulman. "Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolism Across Ethnic Groups in the United States." Blood 114, nr 22 (20.11.2009): 2492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2492.2492.
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Abstract Abstract 2492 Poster Board II-469 Objective: Understanding the overall prevalence of VTE is paramount in estimating the burden of illness associated with this disease. This study aims to assess the number of VTE cases in the United States across ethnic groups based on recent data. Methods: Data from the Marketscan® Medicaid database from Thomson Reuters (Jan 2002–Dec 2005) were extracted for patients aged ≥18 years. Patients were evaluated for VTE in each year, defined by the presence of a VTE diagnosis on an inpatient claim or on ≥1 outpatient claim with evidence of anticoagulant administration. Age-, sex- and race-specific VTE prevalence rates were derived by dividing the number of VTE cases identified by the number of individuals in the underlying MarketScan populations during that time. These rates were then multiplied by 100,000 to obtain a VTE prevalence rate per 100,000. Results: In 2002, there were 276 individuals with evidence of VTE per 100,000 plan enrollees. In 2005, that number grew to 358, a 30% increase. African American males had the highest overall observed prevalence rate of 584 per 100,000 enrollees in 2002, growing to 785 in 2005 (Table). Caucasian males had the next highest observed prevalence at 457 per 100,000 enrollees in 2002, growing to 643 per 100,000 in 2005. Females generally had lower observed prevalence of VTE than males, although Hispanic females had similar prevalence's to Hispanic males (94 vs 93 in 2002, 149 vs 154 in 2005). Following multivariate adjustment for comorbidities and conditions known to be strong risk factors associated with developing VTE, African Americans were at significantly increased risk for VTE than Caucasians (Odds Ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.07, p<0.05). Conclusions: VTE prevalence increased during the study period for the overall US Medicaid population. African Americans had the highest rate of VTE, followed by Caucasians and Hispanics. There is a need for improved VTE awareness and prevention across all ethnic groups. Disclosures: Deitelzweig: sanofi-aventis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau, The authors received editorial/writing support in the preparation of this abstract funded by sanofi-aventis U.S., Inc.; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Scios: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau. Lin:sanofi-aventis: Employment. Johnson:sanofi-aventis: Research Funding. Schulman:sanofi-aventis: Research Funding.
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Xi, Yirong. "Comparative Analysis of macroeconomic between China and the United States before and after the COVID-19 pandemic". Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 8 (11.04.2023): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v8i.7169.
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As the two largest economies in the world, China and the United States together account for more than 40% of the world's GDP. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, whether the economic development of China and the United States has been affected by the epidemic, the degree of impact and the degree of economic recovery have attracted worldwide attention. This assay collects macro indicators such as GDP, unemployment rate and CPI in China and the United States in the past five years from the official websites of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Combined with the research results of existing scholars, a comparative analysis of the economic conditions of the two countries before and after the epidemic was carried out. It is found that in 2020, when the economies of the two countries are affected by the epidemic, the relative decline is smaller and the decline in the United States is larger; when the economies of the two countries rebound in 2021, the absolute level of China's economic growth is significantly higher than that of the United States, but the relative recovery is smaller than that of the America is bigger. In the post-pandemic era, the United States has experienced staggering inflation. After the problem is found, this assay explains the cause of the problem and proposes a solution.
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Zedalis, Rex J. "The Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act: United States Control Over Exports". American Journal of International Law 90, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203761.
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During 1994, the total sales value of chemicals exported from the United States exceeded $51 billion, up 15 percent over the previous year and resulting in the chemical sector outpacing all other sectors that finished the year with favorable trade balances. Chemicals leaving the United States were shipped under the control provisions of both the Department of Commerce's Export Administration Regulations (EAR), and the Department of State's International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Though this is something of an oversimplification, the EAR basically concerns itself with products that have civilian application, and the ITAR with products of use to the military. Currently, the Commodity Control List of the EAR, overseen by Commerce's Office of Export Licensing within the Bureau of Export Administration, identifies fifty-four chemicals and ten toxins as intermediate agents and precursors to chemical weapons subject to export regulation. The Munitions List of the ITAR, administered by the Office of Defense Trade Controls of the State Department's Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, identifies twenty-two chemicals as subject to regulation and cautions that this listing is merely illustrative, as any “chemical agent,” defined as “a substance having military application,” is subject to export control.
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Tercek, Michael T., David Thoma, John E. Gross, Kirk Sherrill, Stefanie Kagone i Gabriel Senay. "Historical changes in plant water use and need in the continental United States". PLOS ONE 16, nr 9 (2.09.2021): e0256586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256586.
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A robust method for characterizing the biophysical environment of terrestrial vegetation uses the relationship between Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) and Climatic Water Deficit (CWD). These variables are usually estimated from a water balance model rather than measured directly and are often more representative of ecologically-significant changes than temperature or precipitation. We evaluate trends and spatial patterns in AET and CWD in the Continental United States (CONUS) during 1980–2019 using a gridded water balance model. The western US had linear regression slopes indicating increasing CWD and decreasing AET (drying), while the eastern US had generally opposite trends. When limits to plant performance characterized by AET and CWD are exceeded, vegetation assemblages change. Widespread increases in aridity throughout the west portends shifts in the distribution of plants limited by available moisture. A detailed look at Sequoia National Park illustrates the high degree of fine-scale spatial variability that exists across elevation and topographical gradients. Where such topographical and climatic diversity exists, appropriate use of our gridded data will require sub-setting to an appropriate area and analyzing according to categories of interest such as vegetation communities or across obvious physical gradients. Recent studies have successfully applied similar water balance models to fire risk and forest structure in both western and eastern U.S. forests, arid-land spring discharge, amphibian colonization and persistence in wetlands, whitebark pine mortality and establishment, and the distribution of arid-land grass species and landscape scale vegetation condition. Our gridded dataset is available free for public use. Our findings illustrate how a simple water balance model can identify important trends and patterns at site to regional scales. However, at finer scales, environmental heterogeneity is driving a range of responses that may not be simply characterized by a single trend.
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Stumpf, Steven H., Mary L. Hardy, D. E. Kendall i Clifford R. Carr. "Unveiling the United States Acupuncture Workforce". Complementary health practice review 15, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533210110377884.
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Acupuncture was first legalized in Maryland in 1973. By the end of 2009, regulatory legislation had passed in all but six states. The growth of acupuncture is most commonly measured by its well-documented demand as a treatment modality and the rapid increase in the number of licensees. Much less documented is a puzzling stagnation in work opportunities and income. As many as half of all licensees, on graduation and licensure, may be unable to support themselves by working in their chosen profession. However, unlike other well-established complementary and alternative health professions, such as chiropractic and massage, acupuncture is conspicuously absent from the Bureau of Labor and Statistics occupations manual, with only a handful of secondary and incomplete studies available, which together provide an inexact picture of the workforce. In this article, the authors review seven reports that provide limited information including hours worked, income, and practice type. Although data from these published articles are not standard, it can be reasonably concluded from the available information that, over the past decade, 50% of the licensed acupuncture (LAc) workforce is working less than 30 hr weekly; 50% are earning less than $50,000 on average; and the number of LAcs working independently in practice, either in their own office or sharing one, has increased from approximately 75% to 90%. Suggestions are presented for conducting a much needed comprehensive analysis of the acupuncture workforce.
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Strassner, Erich H., i Jessica R. Nicholson. "Measuring the digital economy in the United States". Statistical Journal of the IAOS 36, nr 3 (26.08.2020): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200666.
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The United States’ Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) has recently published statistics exploring the size and growth of the digital economy in response to the interests of the data user community and the international statistical community. BEA independently developed preliminary digital economy statistics but has relied on consultation with other statistical organizations and participation in numerous international working groups aimed at advancing coordinated and internationally comparable digital economy measurement. This report describes BEA’s digital economy measurement efforts to date including initial work towards a digital economy satellite account and related research on quantifying the value of “free” digital media the treatment and measurement of data. This report also discusses BEA’s efforts to improve price measures for high-tech goods and services, notably internet and wireless services, cloud services, and ride-hailing services. Lastly, the report provides an overview of BEA’s measurement work related to digital services international trade.
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Galway, Joseph O. "Early Severe Thunderstorm Forecasting and Research by the United States weather Bureau". Weather and Forecasting 7, nr 4 (grudzień 1992): 564–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0564:estfar>2.0.co;2.
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Craft, Erik D. "Private Weather Organizations and the Founding of the United States Weather Bureau". Journal of Economic History 59, nr 4 (grudzień 1999): 1063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700024141.
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Eissa, Taleb, Rodrigo Mesa-Arango, Hussin A. M. Yahia i Saeed Alghamdi. "Freight Mode Choice with Public Data from the United States". Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism, nr 3 (15.12.2023): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jceu.2023.9.
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This paper investigates the selection of freight modes by shippers that require transportation for their shipments. A discrete choice multinomial logit model is used to understand the connectivity and integration between mode-choice and the regional socioeconomic environment. The 2012 Commodity Flow Survey and United States Census Bureau data are public sources used to estimate the corresponding model. Analytical results indicate that shipment characteristics, commodity and industry types, and regional socioeconomic attributes provide an enhanced representation of the economic linkages that determine mode choice at the regional level. Meaningful discussion and guidance is provided to understand this complex process.
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Yong, L. K., P. L. Law, S. N. L. Taib, D. Y. S. Mah i A. H. Johari. "Refinement of Topographical Factor For Estimating Soil Loss and Sediment Yield in Equatorial Regions". Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 9, nr 2 (3.10.2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.990.2018.
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This paper aims to improve the Topographical Factor for estimation soil loss and sediment yield in Equatorial region. In the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Topographical factor (LS) is derived as soil loss amount related to gently-inclined plane surface of 72.6ft (22.13m) slope length and 9% slope gradient in United States of America (USA). The terrains in equatorial region (especially at construction sites) comprise of more cone-shaped and pyramid- shaped characterized with steeper slopes and shorter slope lengths as compared to agricultural lands in USA. Topographical Factors (TT, TC & TP) in equatorial region were found as function of sediment yield (SY), surface runoff velocity (RV), and silt and clay compositions (SC). Triangular prism-shaped slope could be used as reference or indicator due to the shape is comparable or almost similar to that of the RUSLE’s gently-inclined plane surface. Cone-shaped and pyramid-shaped showed approximately 80% and 77%, respectively similar to triangular prism-shaped. Therefore, the Topographical Factors for triangular prism-shaped, cone-shaped and pyramid-shaped landscapes in equatorial region: Error! Reference source not found. (Triangular Prism), Error! Reference source not found. (Cone) andError! Reference source not found. (Pyramid).
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Namazi, Mahchid. "Cultural and Linguistic Considerations: The Case of Persian". Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations 21, nr 3 (grudzień 2014): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cds21.3.88.
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The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to the Persian language of Iran while embedding it in the larger context of Persian culture and Iranian-Americans. It will provide the practicing speech-language pathologist's (SLPs) basic information about the linguistic structure of Persian, as spoken by Iranian-Americans to facilitate the provision of a culturally and linguistically appropriate evaluation of Persian heritage language speakers living in the United States. According to the language use data collected by the United States Census Bureau of the 67 Indo-European languages spoken in U.S. homes, Persian ranked 9th above Greek, Urdu, and Gujarathi (U.S. Census Bureau, n.d.). This is a surprising fact given the dearth of published research on Heritage speakers of Persian learning English and living in the United States. This phenomenon may partly be a consequence of the fact that the majority of Iranians value education and literacy and report high proficiency in English. Nevertheless, the potential risk that Iranian-Americans may be over- or under- identified may be greater than for other minority groups in the US due to the lack of information readily available to clinicians.
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Hunt, Paul. "Census Mapping Mashup". Cartographic Perspectives, nr 76 (27.10.2014): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp76.1252.
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By mandate, the United States Census Bureau compiles and distributes data on the American population. Open data initiatives have made it possible for users to access and analyze data with simple web-based tools. A new method for requesting data from the Census Bureau is described here, along with two different mapping mashups. Using the technology described in this article, a simple web mapping interface could unlock vast amounts of available data for user exploration.
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Nicholas, Phil, i Andrew Churchill. "The Federal Bureau of Narcotics, the States, and the Origins of Modern Drug Enforcement in the United States, 1950–1962". Contemporary Drug Problems 39, nr 4 (grudzień 2012): 595–640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145091203900402.
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Over one million drug arrests occur in the United States each year, the vast majority of which are made at the state and local levels. This study examines the time period when state and local governments began to aggressively police illegal drugs, and we seek to determine the extent Harry Anslinger, the Federal Bureau of Narcotics Commissioner, actively encouraged these governments to expand drug enforcement and adopt more punitive sentences. The study found that although Anslinger and his agency worked to influence state and local drug policy in the United States, they enjoyed varying levels of success from state to state. By the mid-1950s, a new intergovernmental enforcement regime had emerged where the federal, state, and local governments adopted punitive drug laws and invested resources in policing drugs. Drug enforcement remains the dominant policy approach in the United States.
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Taborda, Ashley. "Airline Alliances: Justifying the Bureaus Intervention". Air and Space Law 41, Issue 6 (1.11.2016): 475–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2016036.
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In Airline Alliances: Justifying the Bureau’s Intervention, the Canadian Competition Bureau’s 2011 challenge of the proposed joint venture between Air Canada and United Continental Holdings is analysed from a Competition Law perspective, through the lens of the nuanced environment in which airlines operate in Canada. Despite the multitude of arguments supporting the pro-competitive effects of airline alliances, particularly with regards to airlines operating in the United States, Europe and Australia, this paper concludes that airline alliances are not necessarily pro-competitive within the Canadian context. Although airline alliances are theoretically well-aligned with the purposes of the Canadian Competition Act, the markets in which such alliances are permitted to operate must contain mechanisms to constrain the excessive use of market power. With current Canadian policies fostering protectionism, the Competition Bureau is arguably justified in taking a more aggressive approach with regards to airline alliances than its global peers.
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Tchekmedyian, Raffi, Tomas Radivoyevitch, Aaron T. Gerds, Aziz Nazha, Hetty E. Carraway, Anjali S. Advani, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski i in. "Survival Outcomes of Patients with Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndromes in the United States". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29.11.2018): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119661.
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Abstract Background: The development of therapy-related MDS (t-MDS) is a rare but highly fatal complication of cancer therapies, with varying leukemogenicity associated with individual chemotherapeutic agents and radiation modalities. In recent years, an increase in t-MDS incidence explained by increased use of cancer treatment combined with an increasing number of cancer survivors has been reported. We investigated changes in t-MDS outcomes over time among cancer patients (pts) treated with chemotherapy and radiation using data from population-based cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program of the US. Methods: A previously validated R package (SEERaBomb) was used to query all 18 SEER registries to identify adult pts (≥15 years of age) with multiple types of primary malignancies who were treated with chemotherapy and radiation as part of their initial cancer treatment, and subsequently developed MDS. Pts were observed from the date of first diagnosis of a primary malignancy until occurrence of MDS as second cancer, death, loss to follow-up, or end of the study period, whichever occurred earlier. Cases of MDS that developed at least 1 year (yr) following diagnosis and treatment of a primary malignancy were classified as t-MDS according to the World Health Organization classification. Primary cancers associated with at least 100 t-MDS cases were included in the analysis. Survival probabilities were compared for pts with: (1) primary cancers who did and did not subsequently develop MDS, (2) primary (de novo) MDS, and (3) t-MDS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with overall survival (OS) in the t-MDS cohort, including the following covariates: age group [adolescents and young adults (AYA) (15-39 yrs); middle-aged (40-59 yrs); and older adults (≥60 yrs)], sex, year of diagnosis, race, and primary cancer type. Tests of significance were based on two-sided hypothesis at the .05 level. Results: A total of 933,789 adult cancer pts diagnosed between the years 2001-2015 were assembled from all 18 SEER registries which included 926,552 primary cancers, 5,478 primary MDS cases, and 1,759 t-MDS cases [breast (528), lung (207), lymphoma (663) and prostate (361)]. Median survival of t-MDS in months (m) with (range) by primary site was as follows: breast: 17.5m (0.5-172.5); lymphoma: 10.5m (0.5-168.5); lung: 5.5m (0.5-88.5); prostate: 21.5m (0.5-170.5); and combined: 13.5m (0.5-172.5). Median latency periods in yrs with (range) to develop t-MDS were as follows: breast: 5 yrs (1-40); lymphoma: 5 yrs (1-38); lung: 2 yrs (1-21); prostate: 5 yrs (1-25); combined: 5 yrs (1-40). Figure 1 shows comparison of survival probabilities of primary malignancies with and without subsequent development of t-MDS over two treatment eras (2001-2006 and 2007-2015), organized by yr of diagnosis and primary cancer type. As expected, development of t-MDS was significantly associated with worse survival for all four primaries that contribute to the bulk of t-MDS cases. Figure 2 shows survival probabilities of primary (de novo) MDS versus t-MDS. In multivariate analyses of factors associated with survival in the t-MDS cohort, the hazard ratio (HR) of death was significantly higher in middle aged adults [vs AYA, 2.20 (95% CI 1.34-3.62)] and older adults (vs AYA, 2.39 (95% CI 1.47-3.90)], in lung cancer [vs breast, 2.98 (95% CI 2.31-3.84)] and in lymphomas [vs breast, 1.467 (95% CI 1.18-1.83)], but was not influenced by sex [female vs male, 0.94 (95% CI 0.819-1.079)], race {[white vs black, 1.0 (95% CI 0.839-1.195)], [white vs other, 0.957 (95% CI 0.795-1.151)]}, or year of diagnosis of t-MDS [2001-2006 vs 2007-2015, 1.025 (95% CI 0.923-1.139)]. Conclusions: In population-based analyses, the survival of t-MDS remains dismal with outcomes particularly worse with advancing age and following primary cancer sites that are typically managed with combined modality regimens including chemotherapy and radiation. Findings from the real-world population level data such as this should be used as outcome benchmarks in clinical trials to assess therapeutic effectiveness of experimental treatments. Disclosures Gerds: Apexx Oncology: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy; CTI Biopharma: Consultancy. Nazha:MEI: Consultancy. Carraway:Jazz: Speakers Bureau; FibroGen: Consultancy; Balaxa: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Agios: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Maciejewski:Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Apellis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Apellis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy. Majhail:Incyte: Honoraria; Anthem, Inc.: Consultancy; Atara: Honoraria. Sekeres:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Opsona: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Opsona: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Radovanović, Miloš. "Motor Insurers' Bureau: Guarantee fund in the United Kingdom". Strani pravni zivot, nr 1 (2022): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spz66-34574.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Redress, in cases when the damage has been caused by uninsured or unidentified vehicle, in the United Kingdom is organized on specific manner. Task of providing compensation in such cases is entrusted to the organization Motor Insurers' Bureau (MIB). This task has been entrusted by agreements concluded between the state and MIB. Regardless of this specificity, MIB is a guarantee fund, an institute which exists in other European states. British courts expressed their stance on legal nature of MIB. Case-law of the United Kingdom earlier had considered that MIB was an institute of private law. Due to the influence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, a different stance has prevailed. Courts of Great Britain accepted arguments of the European judicial institution. Now they consider that MIB is a subject of the public law - emanation of the state. This standpoint has been implemented in the United Kingdom's law and will not be abandoned after the Brexit. The British example shows how the dilemma on the legal nature of a guarantee fund can be resolved in the country that is not a member of the European Union.
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Shapiro, E. Donald, i Stewart Reifler. "Forensic DNA Analysis and the United States Government". Medicine, Science and the Law 36, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249603600109.
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All three branches of the United States Government are, directly or indirectly, promoting the use and judicial acceptance of forensic DNA analysis. In addition, the establishment of a US national DNA databank has been authorized. The US Congress has passed the ‘DNA Identification Act of 1994’, which provides, inter alia, funding to the states for developing and/or improving forensic laboratories capable of conducting DNA analysis, and also creates a framework for federal supervision of forensic DNA technology. Specifically, the Executive Branch, through the Department of Justice and particularly its Federal Bureau of Investigation, has been directed to develop standards and practices in order to speed the admissibility of forensic DNA analysis as scientifically acceptable evidence in US courts. Finally, the federal judiciary has been ordered by the US Supreme Court to abandon or modify the 70-year-old Frye standard, which the Federal courts previously used to determine whether scientific evidence is deemed admissible, a move that will directly impact the judicial acceptance of forensic DNA analysis in all federal courts and undoubtedly will affect the admissibility of DNA evidence in many American state courts.
29
van Dyck, Peter C. "A History of Child Health Equity Legislation in the United States". Pediatrics 112, Supplement_3 (1.09.2003): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.s3.727.
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The Issue. The mission of the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) is comprehensive in scope and establishes the capacity, structure, and function for the MCHB to continually improve the health and well-being of pregnant women and children. The MCHB works in partnership with states and has broad authority to improve access to care and ensure the provision of quality preventive and primary care services. Specific provisions of legislation establish the framework for accomplishing this mission. With the increasing recognition of the social, economic, and environmental determinants of child health and the inequities that exist in access and quality of care for children, the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) has set the following 3 goals for year 2003: 1) To eliminate disparities in health status outcomes through the removal of economic, social, and cultural barriers to receiving comprehensive, timely, and appropriate health care; 2) To ensure the highest quality of care through the development of practice guidance and data monitoring and evaluation tools; the use of evidence-based research; and the availability of a well-trained, culturally diverse workforce; and 3) To facilitate access to care through the development and improvement of the maternal and child health infrastructure and systems of care to enhance the provision of necessary, coordinated, quality health care. Priority MCHB strategies to accomplish these goals include improving and expanding 1) the cultural competence of providers (in particular to decrease sudden infant death syndrome [SIDS] among minorities), 2) emergency medical services for children, 3) health and safety in child care, 4) quality of primary pediatric care, and 5) the providing of every child with a medical home.
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Surzhik, Dmitry. "FBI Against Terrorism: Investigation and PR". ISTORIYA 14, nr 5 (127) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025749-2.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Based on the study of a number of examples of politically motivated terrorist attacks and sabotage on the infrastructure of the United States in 1914—1920, the authors examine their background and impact on the development of the (Federal — since 1935) Bureau of Investigation. The authors of this article adhere to the traditional definitions of a terrorist act and sabotage accepted in domestic historical science and law. A terrorist act (terrorist act) is the commission of an explosion, arson or other actions that frighten the population and create the threat of human death, significant property damage or other serious consequences, with the aim of destabilizing the activities of authorities or international organizations or influence their decision-making, as well as the threat of committing the above actions for the same purposes . Diversion is a method of armed struggle, actions of specially prepared units (groups) or individuals in the rear of the enemy to disable military, industrial and other objects, destruction of roads and means of communication, nodes and lines of communication, objects of vital importance of population, disruption of command of troops, destruction of manpower and equipment, influence on the moral and psychological state of troops and the enemy population . The authors conclude that the administrative structure and methods of work of the Bureau of Investigation of the United States have changed due to new threats to law and order in the United States. The article is written in the problem-chronological method: politically motivated terrorist acts are examined first, followed by random (arbitrary) terrorist self-detonations, and this empirical series ends with an account of the 1916 Manhattan War Materials Depot sabotage. We consider the anarchist attacks of 1919, as well as the famous Sacco and Vanzetti case, as two of the earliest and most striking examples of political terror in the United States, to which the young Bureau of Investigation had to respond.
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Telles, Edward. "Latinos, Race, and the U.S. Census". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 677, nr 1 (25.04.2018): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218766463.
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We identify two dimensions of race for the Latino/Hispanic population in the United States—Latinos as one category among the various categories of the U.S. “ethno-racial pentagon” and racial or color differences among Latinos. In a major change from the previous (two-question) format, the Census Bureau recommends a one-question format for capturing ethno-racial distinctions in the 2020 census, which efficiently captures the Latino population on the first dimension and is consistent with racial classification and identification in the real world. At the same time, it nearly eliminates the problem that the two-question format fostered of classifying many Hispanics as “some other race” while maintaining a similar number of Americans classified as Hispanic or Latino. Whether the Census Bureau adopts the one- or two-question format is yet to be decided as of this writing. However, neither format is sufficient for capturing racial distinctions among the fast-growing Latino population, thus precluding effective monitoring of racial disparities in the United States.
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Каримова, Гузель, i Рим Каримов. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF WITNESS PROTECTION IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA". Rule-of-law state: theory and practice 16, nr 1 (1.01.2020): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/pravgos-2020.1.18.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article examines organizational and legal aspects of the implementation of the witness protection program in the United States. Special attention is paid to activities in this area of the US Department of Justice, the US Marshals Service, which directly provide protection for witnesses and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Some statistics on witness protection are provided. Concrete protective measures and their application in relation to the participants in criminal proceedings are considered.
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Sulistiyowati, Liliek Nur, i Sandhika Vistaylen Pratama. "Indonesia’s macroeconomic conditions during United States-China trade war". Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 26, nr 2 (22.12.2023): 509–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24914/jeb.v26i2.6252.
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The trade war between the United States and China can affect the Indonesian economy. It is because the United States and China are Indonesia's main trading partners in International trading. Indonesia's macroeconomic indicators affected by the trade war are exports, imports, interest rates, and inflation. This research examines the trade war's partial and simultaneous effect on Indonesia's macroeconomic conditions, such as exports, imports, interest rates, and inflation. The data used in this study is secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and Bank Indonesia (BI) in 2017 – 2020. The data analysis technique used is MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance). The empirical results showed that trade war simultaneously affects exports, imports, interest rates, and inflation. Meanwhile, the trade war partially affects exports, imports, and interest rates but not inflation. Our research concluded that trade conflicts between Indonesia's two main trading partners, namely the United States and China, affect Indonesia's macroeconomic conditions, especially on exports, imports, interest rates, and inflation. Indonesia must take strategic steps to anticipate the impact of the trade war, especially on export, import, and interest rate policies.
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Bednarczuk, Michael. "Voter Turnout and Bureaucrats across Time: A Further Examination of the Bureau Voting Model in the United States". Public Administration Quarterly 41, nr 2 (czerwiec 2017): 386–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073491491704100209.
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Due to questions concerning the historical application of the economic theory of voting to the bureau voting model, this study takes a longitudinal look at the relationship between government employment and voter turnout in the United States. Probit and OLS models are used to examine data from the American National Election Study covering sixteen elections from 1982 to 2012. Contrary to previous findings, government employment is not shown to have an effect on voter turnout. These results suggest that the bureau voting model may need to be refined if it is to be used in future studies.
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Achmadin, Wahyu Nur, Dwi Agustin Retnowardani, Dewi Mashitasari i Fita Fatimah. "Forecasting Coffee Exports to the United States Using the Holt-Winters Exponential Method". EIGEN MATHEMATICS JOURNAL 7, nr 1 (11.05.2024): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/emj.v7i1.202.
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A study was conducted to estimate coffee exports to the United States using the Holt-Winters Exponential method. The aim of this research is to project coffee export activity over the next four periods. Data on coffee exports to the United States from 2000 to 2022 was obtained from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics and used as a research object. The range of values used in this study is between 0.1 and 0.5 for α, between 0.1 and 0.5 for β, and between 0.1 and 0.9 for ϒ. The results of this research state that it is estimated that in 2023, Indonesia will export coffee to the United States amounting to 61,332.60 tons, in 2024 amounting to 60,661.50 tons, in 2025 amounting to 61,563.27 tons, and in 2026 amounting to 60,196.50 tons
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Espinosa-Dulanto, Miryam. "Abrazando Nopales—Prickly Embrace: Undocumented Women’s Life Stories/Poetic Performance Narratives". Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 18, nr 3 (25.10.2017): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708617737096.
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I chose poetic performance narratives to create a provocative piece offering a glimpse of the reality, tragedies, dreams, and hopes lived daily by more than 12 million people in the United States. These individuals are reported as unauthorized, undocumented immigrants by the U.S. Census Bureau. These specific stories were shared and collected ethnographically on the agricultural fields of the South East of the United States. My goal is to have “captured” readers to be seduced into the “uncomfortable” world of undocumented people and have the poems/performance narratives become not only representation of the events but, as Renato Rosaldo said, “the event itself.”
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B., Z. "A new causative agent of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. As reported by the Bureau of the Public Health Service". Kazan medical journal 32, nr 1 (20.09.2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj80373.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
According to the Bureau of the Public Health Service (Washington), over the past five years, the number of diseases in the United States has been epidemic. cerebrospin. meningitis was very high (numbers not indicated), exceeding the number of diseases in the period since the beginning of the worlds, war.
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Kahle, Lynn R. "The Nine Nations of North America and the Value Basis of Geographic Segmentation". Journal of Marketing 50, nr 2 (kwiecień 1986): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298605000203.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The utility of the concept of the “Nine Nations of North America” for segmentation was tested by comparing several geographic segmentation systems with values in a probability sample of the coterminous United States. The evidence does not mandate abandoning the Bureau of Census regions. Managerial implications are discussed.
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Almaguer, Tomás. "THE LATIN AMERICANIZATION OF RACE RELATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES". Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 9, nr 1 (2012): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x1200001x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Much has been written lately in both the popular and academic press about the “Browning” of America and the changing nature of race and ethnic relations in the United States. This has been largely the result of the precipitous increase in the Latino population and its profound change on the demographic landscape in the United States. For example, the U.S. Bureau of the Census (2010) has shown the Latino population grew from 35.3 million in 2000 to over 50 million in 2010 (p. 3). The Latino population now represents 16% of the total U.S. population and has surpassed African Americans as the largest racial-ethnic population at the turn of the century. Recent demographic projections calculate that by 2050 the Latino population will increase to an estimated 128 million or 29% of the national total. As Rumbaut (2009) writes, in that year it will exceed the combined total of all other racial minorities (primarily African American and Asian) in the United States (p. 17).
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Sevidzem Simo Yufenyuy, Sulaimon Adeniji, Emmanuel Elom, Somto Kizor-Akaraiwe, Abdul-Waliyyu Bello, Emmanuel Kanu, Oluwadamilola Ogunleye i in. "Machine learning for credit risk analysis across the United States". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, nr 2 (30.05.2024): 942–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2.1455.
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Money-Lending financial institutions face risk, which necessitates adopting a robust framework to manage it effectively. While traditional methods have been applied across the financial industry, the advent of artificial intelligence offers organizations the opportunity to utilize advanced methods to manage credit risk. This paper focuses on the application of machine learning techniques for credit risk analysis. Secondary data on information related to borrowers was extracted from Kaggle database simulating Credit Bureau data. Two ensemble models in random forest and gradient boosting were adopted for this study. The findings showed that percentage of income for loan repayment, borrower’s income, and interest rates on loans are the most important features for determining defaulters. Furthermore, the evaluation results revealed that both the random forest and the gradient boosting algorithms performed well, with F1 scores of 92.9% and 93% respectively. It was recommended that financial institutions should priorities the verification and comprehensiveness of their data, as precise data is essential for developing resilient models.
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Chari, Ajai, Tomer M. Mark, Amrita Krishnan, Keith Stockerl-Goldstein, Saad Z. Usmani, Anil Londhe, Delores Etheredge i in. "Results of an Early Access Treatment Protocol (EAP) of Daratumumab in United States Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma". Blood 128, nr 22 (2.12.2016): 2133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2133.2133.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Background: Daratumumab (dara) is a human CD38-directed monoclonal antibody indicated for the treatment of patients (pts) with multiple myeloma (MM) who have received ≥3 prior lines of therapy including a proteasome inhibitor (PI) and an immunomodulatory agent (IMID) or who are double-refractory to a PI and an IMID. Accelerated approval was granted in the United States (US) in November 2015, based largely on the results of MMY2002, a pivotal phase 2 study in this pt population. Methods: The objectives of this multicenter, open-label early access treatment protocol (EAP) were to provide early access to dara treatment and collect safety and patient-reported outcome (PRO) data in this pt population. Eligibility criteria were similar to those of pivotal study MMY2002 and included age ≥18 years, documented MM, progression by IMWG criteria following the most recent therapy, ≥3 prior lines of therapy including a PI and an IMID or disease double-refractory to a PI and an IMID, ECOG performance status score 0-2, no known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or persistent asthma, no ongoing MM therapy, and no prior exposure to anti-CD38 antibody therapy. Pts received dara 16 mg/kg IV weekly for 8 weeks, then every 2 weeks for 16 weeks, and then every 4 weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or 60 days after US approval. Pre- and post-infusion medications were administered as in study MMY2002. Serious adverse events (SAEs), grade 3-4 AEs, infusion related reactions (IRRs), and PRO data were collected. Results: In total, 400 pts were screened and 348 pts were enrolled and dosed at 39 US sites from July to November 2015. Median age was 65 (range 27-94) years; 72% were white, and 17% were African American. Three-fourths of pts were symptomatic with an ECOG score of 1 (58%) or 2 (16%). Pts received a median of 8 (range 1-17) doses, and median treatment exposure was 1.9 (range 0.03-6.0) months. Median durations of infusion were 7.4, 4.4, and 3.5 hours for the first, second, and all subsequent infusions, respectively. Half of pts (52%) transitioned to commercial drug after marketing authorization, whereas 37% discontinued due to progressive disease. Treatment emergent grade >3 AEs were reported in 51% of pts. The most common grade ≥3 AEs were thrombocytopenia (15%) and anemia (14%). SAEs occurred in 35% of pts, including 12% of pts with SAEs which were reported by investigators as drug-related. The most common SAEs were infections, which occurred in 11% of pts. Nine percent of pts discontinued therapy due to AEs, including 3% for drug-related AEs. Thirteen (4%) pts had an AE with a fatal outcome, including 2 (0.6%) pts with drug-related AEs (pyrexia, thrombocytopenia/ subdural hematoma). IRRs occurred in 56% of pts, including 8% with grade >3 IRRs. IRRs occurred in 56%, 2%, and 2% of first, second, and all subsequent infusions, respectively; the most common IRRs were respiratory or thoracic symptoms (cough, dyspnea, throat irritation, nasal congestion), which occurred in 31% of pts. The median change from baseline in all the domains of the EQ-5D-5L and EORTC QLQ-C30 scales after 1 and 2 cycles as well as at pts' last assessment was 0, with the exception of EQ-5D-5L VAS, which showed a median increase of 1 and 2 units after 1 and 2 cycles, respectively. Conclusions: EAP results in US pts confirmed the safety profile of dara in MM pts with >3 prior therapies including a PI and IMID or who were refractory to both PI and IMID. SAEs occurred in one-third of pts, but only 12% of pts experienced a drug-related SAE. More than half of pts experienced IRRs, which primarily occurred during the first infusion and were grade 1-2 in severity. Pts maintained their health-related quality of life during a median duration of 2 months of therapy. Disclosures Chari: Array Biopharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding. Mark:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bristol Myers Squibb: Speakers Bureau. Stockerl-Goldstein:Janssen: Speakers Bureau. Usmani:Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Millenium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Array: Research Funding; Skyline: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Britsol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Onyx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; BioPharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Londhe:Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Employment. Etheredge:Janssen Research & Development, LLC: Employment. Parros:Janssen Research & Development, LLC: Employment. Fleming:Janssen Global Services, LLC: Employment. Liu:Janssen Research & Development, LLC: Employment. Freeman:Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Employment. Ukropec:Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Employment. Lin:Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Employment. Lonial:BMS: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Millenium: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy.
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Tchekmedyian, Raffi, Tomas Radivoyevitch, Aaron T. Gerds, Aziz Nazha, Hetty E. Carraway, Anjali S. Advani, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski i in. "Survival Outcomes of Patients with Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the United States". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29.11.2018): 2298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119535.
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Abstract Background The development of therapy-related AML (t-AML) is a rare but fatal complication of cancer therapies, with varying leukemogenicity associated with individual chemotherapies and radiation modalities. In recent years, there is an increase in t-AML incidence explained by increased use of cancer therapies and increased cancer survivorship. We investigated changes in t-AML outcomes over time among cancer patients (pts) treated with chemotherapy and radiation using data from population-based cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program of the US. Methods A previously validated R package (SEERaBomb) was used to query all 18 SEER registries to identify adult pts (≥15 years) with multiple types of primary malignancies who were treated with chemotherapy and radiation, and subsequently developed AML. Pts were observed from the date of first diagnosis of a primary malignancy until occurrence of AML as a second cancer, death, loss to follow-up or end of the study period, whichever occurred earlier. Cases of AML that developed at least 1 year following diagnosis and treatment of a primary malignancy were classified as t-AML. Primary cancers associated with at least 100 t-AML cases were included. Survival probabilities were compared for pts with: (1) primary cancers which did and did not subsequently develop AML, (2) primary (de novo) AML, and t-AML. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with overall survival (OS) in the t-AML cohort, including the following covariates: age group [adolescents and young adults (AYA) (15-39 years); middle-aged (40-59); and older adults (≥60)], sex, year of diagnosis, race, primary cancer type, and whether or not treatment was received for t-AML. Tests of significance were based on two-sided hypothesis at the .05 level. Results A total of 1,425,840 adult cancer pts diagnosed between the years 1973-2015 were assembled from all 18 SEER registries which included 1,392,784 primary cancers, 31,112 primary AML cases and 1,944 t-AML cases [breast (781), lung (205), lymphoma (612), and prostate (346)]. Median survival of t-AML in months (m) with (range) by primary site was as follows: breast: 5.5m (0.5-263); lymphoma: 4.5m (0.5-255.5); lung: 1.5m (0.5-178.5); and prostate: 3.5m (0.5-196.5); combined: 3.5m (0.5-263). Median latency periods in years (y) with (range) to develop t-AML were as follows: breast: 3y (1-38); lymphoma: 4y (1-30); lung: 2y (1-22); and prostate: 4y (1-18); combined: 4y (1-39) . Figure 1 shows comparison of survival probabilities of primary malignancies with and without subsequent development of t-AML over three time periods (1973-1990, 1991-2005 and 2006-2015) organized by year of diagnosis and primary cancer type. Development of t-AML was significantly associated with worse survival for all the four primaries that contribute to the bulk of t-AML cases. Figure 2 shows survival probabilities of primary (de novo) AML versus t-AML (all pooled cases). In multivariate analyses, the hazard ratio (HR) of death was significantly higher in older adults [vsAYA, 1.39 (95% CI 1.11-1.75)] but not middle-aged adults [vsAYA, 0.931 (95% CI 0.738-1.175)], lower in other races [vsCaucasian, 0.81 (95% CI 0.66-0.988)] but not in African Americans [vsCaucasian, 1.078 (95% CI 0.917-1.267)] and lower in those diagnosed between the years 2006-2015 [vs1973-1990, 0.69 (95% CI 0.58-0.82)]. Pts treated for their t-AML had a HR of death significantly lower than those who did not receive treatment [0.426 (95% CI 0.38-0.47)]. There was no significant difference in HR between male and female patients [0.971 (95% CI 0.839-1.123)]. When analyzed by treatment periods, there was no difference noted between the time periods 1973-1990 and 1991-2005 [0.878 (95% CI 0.737-1.045)]. Among primary cancer type, only those t-AML cases preceded by lung cancers had a significantly higher HR of death {[lung vsbreast, 1.56 (95% CI 1.27-1.92)]; [lymphoma vs breast, 1.006 (95% CI 0.847-1.194)]; [prostate vsbreast, 0.861 (95% CI 0.679-1.093)]. Conclusions In our population based analysis, we show that although the OS of t-AML is significantly worse than primary AML, those t-AML diagnosed and treated in recent years (2006-2015) had significantly better survival compared to earlier treatment periods. Among all primaries, outcomes of t-AML particularly following lung cancers are dismal compared to other primaries. Disclosures Gerds: Celgene: Consultancy; Apexx Oncology: Consultancy; CTI Biopharma: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy. Nazha:MEI: Consultancy. Carraway:FibroGen: Consultancy; Jazz: Speakers Bureau; Balaxa: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau. Maciejewski:Apellis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Apellis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy. Majhail:Incyte: Honoraria; Anthem, Inc.: Consultancy; Atara: Honoraria. Sekeres:Opsona: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Opsona: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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M, R. J. "Life Insurance for Disabled Children". Pediatrics 78, nr 2 (1.08.1986): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.78.2.378.
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In Reply.— Dr Vince's letter was submitted to an insurance consultant, who verified that Dr Vince's scheme would work in the United States as well as in Canada. He also stated the following with regard to the issue of dissemination of information in the second paragraph of Dr Vince's letter: The life insurance industry many years ago created the Medical Information Bureau. All data submitted to any participating insurer is transmitted in code form to the Bureau, where it is filed. It is accessible only to participating insurers and certainly never to prospective employers.
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Okazaki, Hiroyuki, i Yasunari Shidama. "Formalization of the Data Encryption Standard". Formalized Mathematics 20, nr 2 (1.12.2012): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10037-012-0016-y.
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Summary In this article we formalize DES (the Data Encryption Standard), that was the most widely used symmetric cryptosystem in the world. DES is a block cipher which was selected by the National Bureau of Standards as an official Federal Information Processing Standard for the United States in 1976 [15].
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Farley, Reynolds, i Richard Alba. "The New Second Generation in the United States". International Migration Review 36, nr 3 (wrzesień 2002): 669–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00100.x.
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Immigration to the United States accelerated in the late 1960s. Since many migrants are young people who form families shortly after arrival, there is now a large and rapidly growing second generation - many of them now young adults who recently completed school and started their careers. There is much speculation about whether this second generation will assimilate into the middle class rapidly or form a new urban underclass. The last census to ask parental birthplace questions was 1970, so an absence of data precluded testing hypotheses about the social and economic progress of the new second generation. In 1994, the Census Bureau returned an inquiry about parental birthplace to the Current Population Survey so there is now an annual national sample of about 16,000 second-generation Americans. Data from the 1998 and 2000 surveys were pooled and analyzed. This investigation demonstrates that these comprehensive new data provide valuable descriptive information about today's second generation and permit the cautious testing of hypotheses concerning social and economic assimilation. They reveal a great diversity among the second generation depending upon country of origin but, in most comparisons, today's second generation exceed their first-generation parents in educational attainment, occupational achievement and economic status. In many comparisons, second-generation groups have educational attainments exceeding those of third- and higher-generation whites and African Americans. These data refute the hypothesis that today's second generation will languish in poverty. Nevertheless, intergenerational progress was less for persons of Puerto Rican and Mexican heritage than for those of Asian, European or South American heritage.
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Baker, Marissa G. "Nonrelocatable Occupations at Increased Risk During Pandemics: United States, 2018". American Journal of Public Health 110, nr 8 (sierpień 2020): 1126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305738.
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Objectives. To characterize which occupations in the United States could likely work from home during a pandemic such as COVID-19. Methods. I merged 2018 US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) national employment and wage data with measures ranking the importance of computer use at work and the importance of working with or performing for the public from the BLS O*NET survey. Results. Approximately 25% (35.6 million) of US workers are employed in occupations (such as technology, administrative, financial, and engineering) that could be done from home; the remaining 75% work in occupations (including health care, manufacturing, retail, and food services) that are challenging to do from home. Conclusions. Most US workers are employed in occupations that cannot be done at home, putting 108.4 million workers at increased risk for adverse health outcomes related to working during a pandemic. These workers tend to be lower paid. The stress experienced by lower-income groups, coupled with job insecurity, could result in a large burden of mental health disorders in the United States in addition to increased cases of COVID-19 from workplace transmission.
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Eltinge, John, i Wendy Martinez. "A Conversation with Howard Hogan, Former Chief Demographer at the United States Census Bureau". CHANCE 35, nr 3 (3.07.2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09332480.2022.2123150.
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Markley, John Daniel, Amy L. Pakyz, Roy T. Sabo, Gonzalo Bearman, Samuel F. Hohmann i Michael P. Stevens. "Performance of a Novel Antipseudomonal Antibiotic Consumption Metric Among Academic Medical Centers in the United States". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 39, nr 2 (14.01.2018): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.290.
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A metric was developed to identify hospital proportion of carbapenem consumption (PoCC) among antipseudomonal antibiotics. The PoCC varied significantly among academic medical centers by Census Bureau geographic division after adjusting for patient mix. This metric may be useful in identifying disproportionate carbapenem use and potential carbapenem overuse.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:229–232
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Bashinskaya, Bronislava, Ryan M. Zimmerman, Brian P. Walcott i Valentin Antoci. "Arthroplasty Utilization in the United States is Predicted by Age-Specific Population Groups". ISRN Orthopedics 2012 (14.11.2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/185938.
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Osteoarthritis is a common indication for hip and knee arthroplasty. An accurate assessment of current trends in healthcare utilization as they relate to arthroplasty may predict the needs of a growing elderly population in the United States. First, incidence data was queried from the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1993 to 2009. Patients undergoing total knee and hip arthroplasty were identified. Then, the United States Census Bureau was queried for population data from the same study period as well as to provide future projections. Arthroplasty followed linear regression models with the population group >64 years in both hip and knee groups. Projections for procedure incidence in the year 2050 based on these models were calculated to be 1,859,553 cases (hip) and 4,174,554 cases (knee). The need for hip and knee arthroplasty is expected to grow significantly in the upcoming years, given population growth predictions.
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Bennett, Philip W. "Wilhelm Reich, the FBI and the Norwegian Communist Party: The Consequences of an Unsubstantiated Rumor". Psychoanalysis and History 16, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2014.0141.
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Soon after his arrival in the United States from Oslo, radical psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich became the subject of intensive inquiry by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Part of what motivated the FBI's case against Reich was an anonymous claim that he had been a member of the Norwegian Communist Party. The initial investigation led to Reich's arrest and detention for nearly a month after the United States declared war on Germany in December, 1941. Some years later, after Reich became a naturalized citizen of the United States, a more extensive investigation occurred, this time by the Immigration and Naturalization Service. The INS looked to strip Reich of his citizenship, and central to their efforts was the very same anonymous claim about his membership in the Norwegian Communist Party. In this essay, relying upon US government documents, Reich's reported membership is examined and its veracity assessed.