Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Management

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Management”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Management"

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Kerenhapukh, Yuestika, Ananda Fadhila, Henna Notrian Puteri, Putri Fadilah i Abdul Halim. "Effectiveness of Waste Management in the United States of America". Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) 3, nr 1 (20.11.2021): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/fetrian.3.1.33-55.2021.

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Waste is a significant concern at this time. No matter what country, waste will always exist in people's daily lives, including the United States. To deal with all types of waste, the United States has implemented policies and regulations called the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and 3R.This study aims to see how the policies launched by the United States, namely the Environmental Protection Agency and 3R, in dealing with environmental problems, where one of the causes is that it comes from various types of waste, both from the household sector and large companies. In writing this journal, the author uses a descriptive-qualitative research method based on green theory. The environmental crisis has penetrated almost all parts of the world since the 60s, starting from an individual protest until finally, this environmental problem has become an international concern; green theory is present as a form of concern for the environment because the environment is the world's primary asset, so by saving the environment indirectly also save the inhabitants of the earth. Each country is competing in finding ways to overcome these problems. One of which is the United States. The environmental protection agency and 3R are some of the steps taken by the United States in dealing with environmental problems in the hope that the policies taken can save them from environmental problems not only in the present but also in the future, where several factors cause these problems. In this program, the United States implements several activities. The most important is providing education about the dangers of waste and recycling waste in the environment. This is done in response to the environmental crisis, which is the leading cause of damage and life crises, including disease. In this paper, the authors also see how effective Environmental Protection Agency policies are and describe several types of waste that damage the environment.
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O'Connor, Thomas P. "Total Water Management: A Research Project of the United States Environmental Protection Agency". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2011, nr 9 (1.01.2011): 6334–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864711802766452.

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Mortelliti, Joseph. "Whose Standards Control? Maine v. McCanhy and the Federal, State, and Tribal Battle Over Water Quality Regulation". Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, nr 6.2 (2017): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.6.2.whose.

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This Note considers the longstanding clash between the United States government and state governments over the management of intrastate waters through the lens of Maine v. McCarthy, an ongoing federal lawsuit. McCarthy confronts whether the United States Environmental Protection Agency can require state water quality standards to specifically safeguard the health and cultural practices of Maine’s Indian tribes, particularly sustenance fishing. A panoply of legal and political factors gave rise to and shaped the course of the litigation, ranging from tribal sovereignty to agency discretion and political gamesmanship. After evaluating the litigants’ arguments and examining previous regulatory collisions between the Environmental Protection Agency and state governments, this Note argues that the Environmental Protection Agency has the authority to dictate changes to Maine’s water quality standards, regardless of preexisting agreements granting Maine regulatory control over state waters.
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Carnes, Richard A. "The united states environmental protection agency combustion research facility: A commitment to hazardous waste management". Journal of Hazardous Materials 13, nr 2 (kwiecień 1986): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(86)80019-x.

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Schnobrich, Popham Haik, i James A. Mennell. "Enhanced Monitoring Requirements for Air Emission Sources in the United States". European Energy and Environmental Law Review 4, Issue 4 (1.04.1995): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1995026.

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The regulation of emissions to the air is currently at the top of the agenda for US environmental lawyers. In addition to emission limits, air emission sources will be subject to extensive monitoring requirements. This short article reviews the proposals of the U S Environmental Protection Agency for an Enhanced Monitoring Program, affecting industries operating in the US.
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Kimble, Gina, James Amburgey i Helene Hilger. "Improvements inCryptosporidiumrecovery and variability through modifications to United States Environmental Protection Agency Method 1623". Water and Environment Journal 27, nr 2 (26.11.2012): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wej.12010.

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Orts, Eric W. "A Reflexive Model of Environmental Regulation". Business Ethics Quarterly 5, nr 4 (październik 1995): 779–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857414.

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Although contemporary methods of environmental regulation have registered some significant accomplishments, the current system of environmental law is not working well enough. First the good news: Since the first Earth Day in 1970, smog has decreased in the United States by thirty percent. The number of lakes and rivers safe for fishing and swimming has increased by one-third. Recycling has begun to reduce levels of municipal waste. Ocean dumping has been curtailed. Forests have begun to expand. One success story is the virtual elimination of airborne lead in the United States. Another is the rapid phase-out of ozone-layer depleting chemicals worldwide. Nevertheless, prominent commentators of diverse political persuasions agree in an assessment that conventional models of environmental law have “failed.” Many environmental problems remain unsolved: species extinction, global desertification and deforestation, possible global climate change, and continuing severe air and water pollution in urban areas and poor countries. What is more, successful environmental protection has come only at enormous economic cost. By the year 2000, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that the United States will spend approximately two percent of its gross national product on environmental pollution control. Academic economists have pointed out the nonsensical inefficiency of many environmental regulations, but usually to no avail.
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Bailey, Patricia M. "The Changing Role of Environmental Agencies". European Energy and Environmental Law Review 6, Issue 5 (1.05.1997): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1997023.

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While both the European Community and the United States now have "environmental agencies", the European Environment Agency ( ("EEA") and the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA ") respectively, these agencies are at different stages of development and have been assigned significantly different tasks. With the recent emphasis on regulatory reform and alternatives/complements to command-and-control legislation, the roles of these agencies will likely change in the future. This article examines the changing role of the EPA and considers whether some of the methods used by the EPA could be developed by the EEA to expand its role in a similar fashion. The article begins with a brief analysis of why the roles of these agencies are changing. It continues with an overview of the EEA and the EPA. The article then looks at methods utilised by the EPA as alternatives and complements to traditional enforcement and considers how some of these methods could be employed by the EEA.
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Harvey, Michael G. "The Marketing of Potentially Toxic Pesticides Worldwide: The Issues and a Proposed Control System". Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 7, nr 1 (styczeń 1988): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391568800700115.

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It is estimated by 1990 United States based multinational corporations (MNCs) will export over one billion dollars or pesticides and chemicals that have been banned by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for sale in the domestic market. The potential environmental hazards and dangerous side effects to inhabitants of foreign countries could be devastating. This article examines the growth of sales of pesticides which have been banned domestically, why they create such a hazard in foreign countries as well as a “boomerang effect” in the United States, and explores a means to more adequately monitor and control the sale of these pesticides worldwide.
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Cook, Jeffrey J. "Framing the debate: How interest groups influence draft rules at the United States Environmental Protection Agency". Environmental Policy and Governance 28, nr 3 (1.03.2018): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eet.1801.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Management"

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Hricik, Laurel Brooke. "AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY PACIFIC SOUTHWEST REGION WASTE MANAGEMENT DIVISION". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1200069965.

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Pirring, Andrew Thomas. "AN INTERNSHIP IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY WITH THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY IN THE OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE OFFICE". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1344180835.

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Tarr, James Michael. "Should the United States Environmental Protection Agency's policy on the technical impracticability waivers be changed?" Thesis, American Military University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1691468.

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This research tests and answers the main question: Should the Environmental Protection Agency’s Policy on the Technical Impracticability Waivers be changed? This research uses public and private databases for collecting information on the Comprehensive Environmental Recovery and Liability Act sites with Technical Impracticability Waivers and examines the process the Environmental Protection Agency uses to make Technical Impracticability Waivers evaluations. Existing data demonstrates the Environmental Protection Agency has been very conservative and has granted few Technical Impracticability Waivers over the last 30 years. Several arguments for changing Environmental Protection Agency’s policy are made. A comparison of approved Technical Impracticability Waivers sites and sites that meet the criteria for approval but have not been submitted for the waiver are used in this research. The results indicate that the policy should be changed. A policy change would be beneficial to appropriate funds to the more complex and critical sites. A change in policy would also save taxpayers funds instead of being spent on experimentation on sites that are impracticable to clean up, these funds would go to more critical sites. The research also shows a need for collecting a database of sites that Environmental Protection Agency has rejected for a Technical Impracticability Waiver.

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Cook, Leslie Rae. "Greening the Government: A National Network for Environmental Management Studies Fellowship with the United States Protection Agency’s Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1123096517.

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Cook, Leslie Rae. "Greening the government a national network for environmental management studies fellowship with the United States Protection Agency's Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program /". Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1123096517.

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Thesis (M. of Environmental Science)--Miami University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iii, 66 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kramer, Elizabeth S. "AN INTERNSHIP AS A GRADUATE ASSISTANT AT THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1291815338.

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Jordan, Page C. "United States Environmental Protection Agency Technical Member of The Engineering Technical Support Center". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1544382977066234.

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Diamond, Dan (Daniel). "New York Supersite instrument intercomparison and analysis". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27448.

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McMahon, Robert Kieran. "Bureaucratic motivations : an examination of motivations in the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Environment Agency for England and Wales". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:49d505fd-475f-4064-8591-0052c83d902a.

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This thesis examines the motivations of bureaucrats in two government agencies: the Environmental Protection Agency in the US, and the Environment Agency for England and Wales. The model employed in this work is a Trifocal Model which utilises Rational Choice, Institutional and Cultural approaches in answering the thesis question. The aim of this work is two-fold: one aim is to explain motivations in two agencies; the second aim is to suggest why the existing literature in the field of bureaucracy often fails to capture the diversity of bureaucratic motivations. The claim is that the adherence to one particular paradigmatic approach prevents scholars from attaining a comprehensive understanding of motivations. This work focuses on two elements of the Trifocal Approach, namely institutional and cultural explanations. Rational Choice explanations are given a limited explanatory role in this work, in large part because of the restricted usefulness of an approach which takes the preferences of agents as given. This thesis uses a scientific approach to the analysis of qualitative data, allowing other researchers to make use of, and indeed to question, the findings presented below. The argument in this thesis suggests why scholars must pay more attention to what those people within bureaucracies tell us about themselves and their motivations. To take the preferences of agents as givens is to ignore much of what is most important about the study of politics that is, where preferences come from, and how they shape the political behaviour we observe in bureaucracies. This thesis will show that public sector reforms are often flawed, often failing to consider the interplay of cultural and institutional effects, and how these effects have a bearing on the motivations of staff in organisations undergoing reform. Furthermore, cultural and institutional factors must be considered whenever one considers the question what is it that motivates bureaucrats.
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Wagner, Cory J. "OUTREACH COORDINATOR FOR THE UNREGULATED CONTAMINANT MONITORING REGULATION: AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1073403309.

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Książki na temat "United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Management"

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United, States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Policy Planning and Evaluation. Overview of strategic planning at the Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC: Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency., 1992.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation. Overview of strategic planning at the Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC: Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution. i National Academies Press (U.S.), red. Urban stormwater management in the United States. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2009.

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Administration, United States National Archives and Records. Records management in the Environmental Protection Agency: A NARA evaluation. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 1992.

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United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Records management in the Environmental Protection Agency: A NARA evaluation. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 1992.

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Cooper, Terry F. The Environmental Protection Agency "regulation train": Proposals and controversies. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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Agency, United States Environmental Protection. Facility safety, health, and environmental management manual. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Administration and Resources Management, 1996.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Facility safety, health, and environmental management manual. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Administration and Resources Management, 1998.

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Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.), National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. i National Academies Press (U.S.), red. Evaluating research efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2008.

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Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.). Committee on Evaluating the Efficiency of Research and Development Programs at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluating research efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2008.

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Części książek na temat "United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Management"

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Matten, Sharlene R., Robert J. Frederick i Alan H. Reynolds. "United States Environmental Protection Agency Insect Resistance Management Programs for Plant-Incorporated Protectants and Use of Simulation Modeling". W Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The United States and Canada, 175–267. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2156-2_11.

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Magno, Paul J., i Richard J. Guimond. "Assessing Exposure to Radon in the United States: Perspective of the Environmental Protection Agency". W ACS Symposium Series, 63–69. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0331.ch005.

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Ankley, Gerald T., James R. Hockett, Donald I. Mount i David R. Mount. "Early Evolution of the Toxicity Identification Evaluation Process: Contributions from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Testing Program". W The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 1–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18384-3_1.

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Snyder, Amanda. "Environmental Protection Agency". W Cases on Electronic Records and Resource Management Implementation in Diverse Environments, 363–77. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4466-3.ch022.

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The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides access to information on a variety of topics related to the environment and strives to inform citizens of health risks. The EPA also has an extensive library network that consists of 26 libraries throughout the United States, which provide access to a plethora of information to EPA employees, scientists, and researchers. The EPA implemented a reorganization project to digitize their materials so they would be more accessible to a wider range of users, but this plan was drastically accelerated when the EPA was threatened with a budget cut. It chose to close and reduce the hours and services of some of their libraries. As a result, the agency was accused of denying users the “right to know” by making information unavailable, not providing an adequate strategic plan, and discarding vital materials. This case study explores the background of the digitization project, the practices implemented, and the critiques of the project.
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Conant, James K., i Peter J. Balint. "Postscript: Sustainability and the Environmental Protection Agency". W The Life Cycles of the Council on Environmental Quality and the Environmental Protection Agency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190203702.003.0011.

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In Chapter 7, we completed our formal examination of environmental politics, policy, and administration. In our analysis throughout the book we examined the histories of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as seen through the lens of conceptual agency life cycle models. In this postscript, we step outside this theoretical framework to offer some thoughts on the path U.S. environmental policy and administration have been taking, in halting steps, toward the ambitious processes and goals of sustainability. In considering the practical implications of this emerging realignment of focus, we use climate change as an example. As we discussed in Chapter 2, the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) was a prescient document helping chart new directions in environmental management both in the United States and globally. Although NEPA does not specifically mention sustainability, the act includes text that clearly anticipates current understanding of the concept, declaring it a policy of the federal government “to create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony, and fulfill the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations of Americans.” In 1987 the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development built on this language to define sustainable development as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” At the 1992 Earth Summit, 178 nations committed to adopting this framework in promoting future development. While this declaration, known as Agenda 21, did not immediately transform global priorities, it did put sustainability on the international agenda. Since then, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), a multilateral group of thirty-four nations made up primarily of developed economies, has been particularly active in encouraging member countries to incorporate sustainability into policymaking. Over the past decade or so, sustainability has become a more visible part of the vocabulary of U.S. environmental policy and administration.
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Nelson, William M. "Philosophy of the Environment". W Green Solvents for Chemistry, 3–19. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195157369.003.0001.

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Abstract Let us put chemical usage in context. There is justifiably a concern over the adverse effects of chemicals on human health and the environment. The source of chemicals may be industrial, commercial, or adventitious. Environmental quality is a concern in the United States and throughout the world. This concern is important today. Our world has heightened environmental awareness, fueled by public interest groups and the media. Public awareness is growing of the processes involved in the use, manufacturing, and effect of many chemicals on the environment, including the generation of waste, the disruption of ecosystems, and the depletion of natural resources. Current patterns of chemical development threaten to exceed the limits of sustainability in terms of resource utilization and waste management, and also pose potential threats to global climate, vegetation, and agriculture. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), about 123 billion tons of industrial wastes are generated annually in the United States, and more than a third of this is hazardous waste. This presents a challenge to the chemical industry. Although the EPA has striven to reduce the impact of toxic chemicals, the efforts have focused primarily on exposure-based approaches. Within the United States, the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 introduced a new era in regulatory philosophy and policy. The emphasis became the prevention of toxic substances at their source. Green chemistry aims at accomplishing pollution prevention through the design of safer chemicals and the use of more environmentally friendly chemical processes.
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Gaines, Karen F., i James M. Novak. "Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Harvesting on and near the U.S. Department of Energy’s Savannah River Site: Utility of Metapopulation Modeling for Prediction and Management of Hunter Risk". W Demographic Toxicity, 54–67. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195332964.003.0004.

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Abstract Understanding the toxicodynamics of wildlife populations in contaminated ecosystems is one of the greatest challenges in ecotoxicology today. The goal is to manage these populations to minimize risk to ecosystem integrity as well as human health. Ecological risk assessments (ERAs) in the United States are designed to meet the regulatory mandates of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, an ERA evaluates the potential adverse effects that human activities have on the Rora and fauna that defene an ecosystem (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1997). When conducted for a particular geographic location, the ERA process can be used to identify vulnerable and valued resources, prioritize data collection, and link human activities with their potential effects. Risk assessment results provide a common framework for comparing different management options, thus enabling decision makers and the public to make better informed decisions about the management of ecological resources. The ERA uses available toxicological and ecological information to estimate the occurrence of a specified undesired ecological event or endpoint. The types of endpoints targeted for investigation depend on the objectives and the constraints imposed upon the risk assessment process (Newman and Strojan 1998) based on all of the relevant stakeholders; therefore, multiple endpoints at different scales may be necessary but are not commonly used (Gaines et al. 2004).
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Garcia, Maria Cristina. "What Protections and Benefits?" W State of Disaster, 93–138. University of North Carolina Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469669960.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the back-to-back hurricanes of 2017 that devastated the American territories of the US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Virgin Islanders and Puerto Ricans should have qualified for the same economic assistance as other Americans, but they competed with other hard-hit areas of the United States for the limited resources of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The islands’ political status as “unincorporated territories” also proved to be a liability, barring them not only from full economic assistance from the federal government because of statutory caps placed on assistance to US territories but also from certain types of international assistance. The policies of Washington and Wall Street in the decades leading to—and in the wake of—2017 made recovery difficult and forced tens of thousands to consider an internal migration to the fifty states their only option. Hurricanes Irma and Maria revealed that the American citizens of US territories occupy a liminal and unequal political status in the American empire that makes economic growth difficult and their recovery from environmental disaster less of a priority for federal policy makers.
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"Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems". W Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems, redaktorzy John J. Ney i John P. Ney. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874066.ch36.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—The number of advisories issued to limit consumption of contaminated freshwater fishes has grown exponentially in the United States in the past decade. More than 80% of extant fish consumption advisories (FCAs) are for mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls, both of which can impair fetal and early childhood development; women of child-bearing age and children constitute the most sensitive consumer group, and the most restrictive advisories target them. Most FCAs are issued by state health departments, with fisheries management agencies in supplementary roles. We conducted a literature review and interviewed public health and fisheries management personnel in six states to evaluate the interstate consistency of FCAs, methods and content of risk communication, and the effectiveness of these efforts in generating public awareness and influencing angler behavior. Fish consumption limits are largely based on risk assessment inputs from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Food and Drug Administration; the former are more conservative. States may employ risk management to balance socioeconomic costs versus health benefits in setting consumption limits. Among states in our sample, contaminant concentrations that triggered issuance of FCAs varied by an order of magnitude, and the consumption limits were frequently complex. Consumption advisories are communicated to the public by Web site, press release, brochures, signage, and personal contact; anglers are also informed in their fishing regulations. Despite these efforts, awareness of FCAs by the general public are as low as 20–40%, even for the targeted women’s group. The awareness level among licensed anglers as reported in several surveys exceeded 50%, but compliance with the advised consumption limits was often much lower. Conversely, the fraction of risk-averse anglers who have ceased fishing entirely is unknown. Poor awareness and acceptance of FCAs may be due to the perception that health risks from fish consumption are low, as well as from the volume and complexity of the FCAs themselves. States should consider revision of their FCAs for consistency and simplicity and to communicate the probabilities of adverse health effects as a result of fish consumption relative to other foods and common behaviors. Fisheries management agencies can assume more active roles by communicating relative risks to anglers and by adopting strategies to reduce the availability of contaminated sport fish for harvest and consumption.
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"United States Environmental Protection Agency Perspectives on Skin Absorption and Exposure". W Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment, 475–84. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9780849375927-29.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Management"

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Clark, Raymond L., Kenneth Czyscinski, Reid J. Rosnick i Daniel Schultheisz. "Amendments to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Public Health and Environmental Radiation Protection Standards for Yucca Mountain, Nevada (40 CFR Part 197)". W ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16156.

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In 2001, as directed by the Energy Policy Act of 1992, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued public health and environmental radiation protection standards for the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Several parties sued the Agency on numerous aspects of the rule. A Federal Court upheld EPA on all counts except for the compliance period associated with the individual-protection standard, which the Agency had limited to 10,000 years for a number of technical and policy reasons. However, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) had recommended that the standard be set for the time of peak risk, within the limits imposed by the long-term stability of the geologic environment, which NAS estimated at 1 million years. EPA’s standards required that the Department of Energy (DOE) project doses to the time of peak dose but did not apply a compliance standard to these longer term projections. The Court ruled that EPA’s 10,000-year compliance period was inconsistent with the NAS recommendation. This aspect of the rule was vacated and remanded to the Agency for revision. In 2005, EPA proposed amendments to the standards. Following public hearings and a public review period, the final amendments were issued in September 2008. This paper discusses the new requirements.
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Monroe, Scott D., i Dan Schultheisz. "Fundamental Principles of and Reactions to the June 2001 Enviromental Radiation Protection Standards for the Yucca Mountain Site". W ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1179.

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Abstract On June 13, 2001, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued final public health and environmental radiation protection standards for the proposed spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EnPA) had directed USEPA to develop these standards for the Yucca Mountain site.
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Peake, R. Thomas, Daniel Schultheisz, Loren W. Setlow, Brian Littleton, Reid Rosnick i Ken Czyscinski. "An Overview of US EPA’s Current Radioactive Waste Management and General Radiation Protection Efforts". W ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16104.

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The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Radiation Protection Division is the portion of EPA (or the Agency) that develops environmental standards for radioactive waste disposal in the United States. One current issue of concern is the disposal of low activity radioactive waste (LAW), including wastes that would be produced by a radiological dispersal device (RDD), for which current disposal options may be either inconsistent with the hazard presented by the material or logistically problematic. Another major issue is related to the resurgence in uranium mining. Over the past several years, demand for uranium for nuclear power plant fuel has increased as has the price. The increase in price has made uranium mining potentially profitable in the US. EPA is reviewing its relevant regulations, developed primarily in the 1980s, for potential revisions. For example, in-situ leaching (also known as in-situ recovery) is now the technology of choice where applicable, yet our current environmental standards are focused on conventional uranium milling. EPA has two actions in process, one related to the Clean Air Act, the other related to revising the environmental standards that implement the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978 (UMTRCA). Separately, but related, EPA has developed over the last several years uranium mining documents that address technologically enhanced natural occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) from abandoned uranium mines, and wastes generated by active uranium extraction facilities. Lastly, in 1977 EPA developed environmental standards that address nuclear energy, fuel fabrication, reprocessing, and other aspects of the uranium fuel cycle. In light of the increased interest in nuclear power and the potential implementation of advanced fuel cycle technologies, the Agency is now reviewing the standards to determine their continued applicability for the twenty-first century.
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Greenman, William, i Kimberly Cole. "Management of Mixed Hazardous and Radioactive Waste in the United States". W ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1233.

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Abstract In the United States, mixed-waste is typically defined as waste that contains both radioactive constituents and non-radioactive constituents that pose a threat to human health or the environment (hazardous waste). Prior to 1986 the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) had sole regulatory authority over mixed-waste because of its radioactive constituents. In 1986, however, the U.S. Environmental Protections Agency (EPA) was granted regulatory authority over the hazardous constituents in mixed-waste; and, a system of dual regulation was created. Dual regulation of mixed-waste by the EPA and the NRC has caused significant problems for the regulated community. The burden of dual regulation has contributed to the slow development of treatment technologies, and to the overall lack of treatment capacity available to U.S generators of mixed-waste. This paper reviews the requirements that the EPA and the NRC mandate with regard to mixed-waste generation, treatment and disposal; and it explores technical impacts of those requirements as they relate to generators, treatment facilities and the public.
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Knorr, Paul Octavius. "Critical and Hard Minerals Management on the United States Outer Continental Shelf". W Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32640-ms.

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Abstract The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), an agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior, has responsibility over both energy and non-energy mineral development on the United States Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) under the OCS Lands Act ("OCSLA"). BOEM’s Marine Minerals Program (MMP) manages federal offshore mineral deposits through non-competitive, negotiated agreements for federal sand and gravel ("sand") used in coastal restoration efforts and the competitive leasing of critical and hard economic minerals ("critical minerals"). As the sole federal steward of OCS critical minerals, BOEM MMP is responsible for understanding where critical minerals are located, identifying and understanding their environments, managing activities that affect these resources, and implementing pertinent federal policies. Fulfilling these responsibilities involves the collection and analysis of environmental, geological, and geophysical data; supporting the science needed to understand the impacts of resource-related authorized activities on the biological, physical, and sociocultural environments; encouraging emerging technologies that can reduce the environmental impact of activities; and communicating with stakeholders to foster an understanding of existing federal regulations and potential needs to revise the legal framework. Four U.S. federal rules in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) currently inform MMP’s procedures: 30 CFR 580 (prospecting for minerals), 30 CFR 581 (leasing of minerals), 30 CFR 582 (operations in the OCS related to minerals), and 30 CFR 583 (negotiated noncompetitive agreements for sand). Other federal laws and regulations are also pertinent, particularly those supporting the National Environmental Policy Act, Endangered Species Act, National Historic Preservation Act, Marine Mammal Protection Act, Coastal Zone Management Act, Clean Air Act, Federal Water Pollution Control Act, and Magnuson Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act.
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Devgun, Jas, Harold Peterson i Cheryl Trottier. "An Update on Clearance Initiatives in the United States". W ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4923.

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A number of initiatives have been underway in the United States in the past several years in the area of clearance of solid materials both at the federal level and at the industry and professional society level. Clearance of solid materials is an issue that has significant economic consequences for decommissioning projects where large quantities of such materials are generated. The cost of treating these materials as low-level radioactive waste (LLW) is prohibitive. A regulatory mechanism could remove economic burdens on such projects while maintaining the public health and safety standards. At the federal level major initiatives are being undertaken by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also taken some steps in this area under their Clean Materials Program. In the private sector, the nuclear industry is active through the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI). The Health Physics Society (HPS) prepared the ANSI/HPS N13.12 standard about four years ago, which has been approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The American Nuclear Society (ANS) has recently released a Position Statement on the clearance of licensed materials from nuclear sites and the Society has been active in the national deliberations on this subject. The National Academies (NA) conducted a study for the NRC on alternatives for controlling the release of solid materials and their report was issued in 2002. The steel and concrete industries have also participated in the NRC rulemaking process and are opposed to any release standards for materials that may have residual radioactivity on them. This was clear from industry representatives at the stakeholder workshops conducted by the NRC as a part of the enhanced rulemaking effort. A review of all these initiatives shows the intensity of the debate but it also highlights the need for one national standard, preferably dose based, thus allowing site-specific application through derived radioactivity limits. Thus, interagency cooperation and agreement are necessary at the federal level. Consensus is necessary with standard writing organizations, professional societies, public and other stakeholders. This paper provides an overview of the developments in the United States in the area of clearance of solid materials, a brief comparison to international activities, and a discussion of key points for consensus building that is necessary for any initiative to succeed.
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Monroe, Scott D. "Opening and Operating the WIPP: A Regulator’s Perspective on Policy and Process". W ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1149.

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Abstract The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is the United State’s (U.S.) first deep disposal facility for transuranic radioactive (TRU) waste generated as a result of defense activities. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA or “the Agency”) initially certified the WIPP in May 1998, and WIPP received the first shipment of TRU waste on March 26, 1999. Every five years thereafter, USEPA is required by law to recertify whether the WIPP continues to comply with the USEPA’s radioactive waste disposal regulations. USEPA is coordinating with the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE), which operates the WIPP, to prepare for the first recertification in 2004. This process involves many interesting technical and policy issues.
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Lawless, W. F., Mito Akiyoshi, John Whitton, Fjorentina Angjellari-Dajci i Christian Poppeliers. "A Comparative Study of Stakeholder Participation in the Cleanup of Radioactive Wastes in the US, Japan and UK". W ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40219.

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We review case studies of stakeholder participation in the environmental cleanup of radioactive wastes in the United States, Japan and United Kingdom (e.g., [21,26,27,66,78]). Citizen participation programs in these three countries are at different stages: mature in the US, starting in Japan, and becoming operational in the UK. The US issue at the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina (SC) had been focused on citizens encouraging Federal (DOE; US Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA; and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or NRC) and State (SC’s Department of Health and Environmental Compliance, or DHEC) agencies to pursue “Plug-in-RODs” at SRS to simplify the regulations to accelerate closing seepage basins at SRS. In Japan, the Reprocessing of spent fuel and deep geological disposal of vitrified high-level waste have been among Japan’s priorities. A reprocessing plant in Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture is expected to commence operations in October 2010. The search of a site for a deep geological disposal facility has been ongoing since 2002. But the direct engagement of stakeholders has not occurred in Japan. Indirectly, stakeholders attempt to exert influence on decision-making with social movements, local elections, and litigation. In the UK, the issue is gaining effective citizen participation with the UK’s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). We hope that the case studies from these countries may improve citizen participation.
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Jones, Richard H., i David A. Keough. "Water Use and Wastewater Flow Reduction in the Citrus Processing Industry". W ASME 1994 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1994-4005.

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The Citrus Processing Industry is faced with increased pressures from a number of different sources to reduce water consumption and wastewater discharges. The Florida Water Management Districts are moving toward more restrictive limits on consumptive use permits. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) are moving toward zero discharge limits for industry wastewater discharges to surface waters, wherever possible. The cost of water consumption and wastewater treatment and disposal are increasing, therefore, there is a significant cost incentive for industry to reduce water consumption and wastewater discharge. A logical and economical approach to addressing this issue is by reduction of: • In-plant water use • Wastewater volume • Wastewater concentrations Implementation of a water use and waste reduction program establishes a pro-active environmental image for the corporations and industry as a whole. Paper published with permission.
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Helou, Alexander E., Kim Tran i Cecile Buncio. "Energy Recovery From Municipal Solid Waste in California: Needs and Challenges". W 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3568.

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Thermal technologies, such as gasification, pyrolysis, waste-to-energy (WTE), and advanced thermal recycling (second generation WTE with the most advanced air emission control system), can be employed to recover energy from municipal solid waste (MSW), reduce the volume of material to be landfilled, and lessen the potential emission of methane. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas and a major component of landfill gas. All operating WTE facilities in the United States have been subjected to strict environmental regulations since the passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments in 1990. As a result, U.S. WTE facilities now meet or exceed stringent local air quality standards, including those imposed by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) in Southern California. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recognizes the important role of WTE in the integrated solid waste management and ranks combustion higher than landfilling in its solid waste management hierarchy. In addition to upstream source reduction and recycling, downstream thermal treatment of the residual MSW (conducted in controlled environment) can effectively recover energy and further reduce waste volume. Despite all the advantages and environmental benefits of thermal technologies, its utilization for treating MSW in California still faces many challenges. These include negative public perceptions, economical disadvantages, local marketability of by-products, and disposal options for residuals. This paper discusses the need to include energy recovery in the integrated MSW management in California and the challenges encountered by many local jurisdictions.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Management"

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Anderson, Donald M., Lorraine C. Backer, Keith Bouma-Gregson, Holly A. Bowers, V. Monica Bricelj, Lesley D’Anglada, Jonathan Deeds i in. Harmful Algal Research & Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS), 2024-2034. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, lipiec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/69773.

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Harmful and toxic algal blooms (HABs) are a well-established and severe threat to human health, economies, and marine and freshwater ecosystems on all coasts of the United States and its inland waters. HABs can comprise microalgae, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae (seaweeds). Their impacts, intensity, and geographic range have increased over past decades due to both human-induced and natural changes. In this report, HABs refers to both marine algal and freshwater cyanobacterial events. This Harmful Algal Research and Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS) 2024-2034 plan builds on major accomplishments from past efforts, provides a state of the science update since the previous decadal HARRNESS plan (2005-2015), identifies key information gaps, and presents forward-thinking solutions. Major achievements on many fronts since the last HARRNESS are detailed in this report. They include improved understanding of bloom dynamics of large-scale regional HABs such as those of Pseudo-nitzschia on the west coast, Alexandrium on the east coast, Karenia brevis on the west Florida shelf, and Microcystis in Lake Erie, and advances in HAB sensor technology, allowing deployment on fixed and mobile platforms for long-term, continuous, remote HAB cell and toxin observations. New HABs and impacts have emerged. Freshwater HABs now occur in many inland waterways and their public health impacts through drinking and recreational water contamination have been characterized and new monitoring efforts have been initiated. Freshwater HAB toxins are finding their way into marine environments and contaminating seafood with unknown consequences. Blooms of Dinophysis spp., which can cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, have appeared around the US coast, but the causes are not understood. Similarly, blooms of fish- and shellfish-killing HABs are occurring in many regions and are especially threatening to aquaculture. The science, management, and decision-making necessary to manage the threat of HABs continue to involve a multidisciplinary group of scientists, managers, and agencies at various levels. The initial HARRNESS framework and the resulting National HAB Committee (NHC) have proven effective means to coordinate the academic, management, and stakeholder communities interested in national HAB issues and provide these entities with a collective voice, in part through this updated HARRNESS report. Congress and the Executive Branch have supported most of the advances achieved under HARRNESS (2005-2015) and continue to make HABs a priority. Congress has reauthorized the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act (HABHRCA) multiple times and continues to authorize the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to fund and conduct HAB research and response, has given new roles to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and required an Interagency Working Group on HABHRCA (IWG HABHRCA). These efforts have been instrumental in coordinating HAB responses by federal and state agencies. Initial appropriations for NOAA HAB research and response decreased after 2005, but have increased substantially in the last few years, leading to many advances in HAB management in marine coastal and Great Lakes regions. With no specific funding for HABs, the US EPA has provided funding to states through existing laws, such as the Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and to members of the Great Lakes Interagency Task Force through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, to assist states and tribes in addressing issues related to HAB toxins and hypoxia. The US EPA has also worked towards fulfilling its mandate by providing tools and resources to states, territories, and local governments to help manage HABs and cyanotoxins, to effectively communicate the risks of cyanotoxins and to assist public water systems and water managers to manage HABs. These tools and resources include documents to assist with adopting recommended recreational criteria and/or swimming advisories, recommendations for public water systems to choose to apply health advisories for cyanotoxins, risk communication templates, videos and toolkits, monitoring guidance, and drinking water treatment optimization documents. Beginning in 2018, Congress has directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to develop a HAB research initiative to deliver scalable HAB prevention, detection, and management technologies intended to reduce the frequency and severity of HAB impacts to our Nation’s freshwater resources. Since the initial HARRNESS report, other federal agencies have become increasingly engaged in addressing HABs, a trend likely to continue given the evolution of regulations(e.g., US EPA drinking water health advisories and recreational water quality criteria for two cyanotoxins), and new understanding of risks associated with freshwater HABs. The NSF/NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Program has contributed substantially to our understanding of HABs. The US Geological Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Aeronautics Space Administration also contribute to HAB-related activities. In the preparation of this report, input was sought early on from a wide range of stakeholders, including participants from academia, industry, and government. The aim of this interdisciplinary effort is to provide summary information that will guide future research and management of HABs and inform policy development at the agency and congressional levels. As a result of this information gathering effort, four major HAB focus/programmatic areas were identified: 1) Observing systems, modeling, and forecasting; 2) Detection and ecological impacts, including genetics and bloom ecology; 3) HAB management including prevention, control, and mitigation, and 4) Human dimensions, including public health, socio-economics, outreach, and education. Focus groups were tasked with addressing a) our current understanding based on advances since HARRNESS 2005-2015, b) identification of critical information gaps and opportunities, and c) proposed recommendations for the future. The vision statement for HARRNESS 2024-2034 has been updated, as follows: “Over the next decade, in the context of global climate change projections, HARRNESS will define the magnitude, scope, and diversity of the HAB problem in US marine, brackish and freshwaters; strengthen coordination among agencies, stakeholders, and partners; advance the development of effective research and management solutions; and build resilience to address the broad range of US HAB problems impacting vulnerable communities and ecosystems.” This will guide federal, state, local and tribal agencies and nations, researchers, industry, and other organizations over the next decade to collectively work to address HAB problems in the United States.
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Sanchez, Marla Christine, Marla Christine Sanchez, Richard Brown, Gregory Homan i Carrie Webber. Savings estimates for the United States Environmental Protection Agency?s ENERGY STAR voluntary product labeling program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/929436.

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Bingham, Sonia, i Craig Young. Sentinel wetlands in Cuyahoga Valley National Park: I. Ecological characterization and management insights, 2008–2018. Redaktor Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, luty 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296885.

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Sentinel wetlands at Cuyahoga Valley National Park (NP) comprise a set of twenty important management areas and reference sites. These wetlands are monitored more closely than other wetlands in the wetlands monitoring program and are the focus of the volunteer monitoring program for water levels. We used the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM) to evaluate habitat in the sentinel wetlands. A total of 37 long-term sample plots have been established within these wetlands to monitor biological condition over time using vegetation as an indicator. Vegetation is intensively surveyed using the Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity (VIBI), where all plant species within the plot are identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible (genus or species). Sample plots were surveyed twice from 2008 to 2018 and the vegetation data were evaluated using five metrics: VIBI, Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI), percent sensitive plant species, percent invasive graminoids, and species richness. These metrics are discussed for each location. This report also highlights relevant land use histories, common native plant species, and invasive species of concern at each wetland. This is the first report in a two-part series, designed to summarize the results from intensive vegetation surveys completed at sentinel wetlands in 2008–2018. Boston Mills, Virginia Kendall Lake, Stumpy Basin, Columbia, and Beaver Marsh are all in excellent condition at one or more plots. They have unique habitats with some specialized plant species. Fawn Pond is in good condition at most plots and scores very high in comparison to other wetlands within the riverine mainstem hydrogeomorphic class. Metric scores across mitigation wetlands were low. Two of the three wetlands (Brookside and Rockside) are not meeting the benchmarks originally established by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. Krejci is still a young mitigation site and success will be determined over time. Park-supported invasive species control efforts will be crucial for long-term success of these sites and future mitigation/restoration projects. The wetlands monitored because of proposed ecological restoration projects (Pleasant Valley, Stanford, and Fawn Pond) have extensive invasive plant communities. These restoration sites should be re-evaluated for their feasibility and potential success and given an order of prioritization relative to the newer list of restoration sites. Cuyahoga Valley NP has added many new areas to their list of potential wetland restoration sites after these areas were selected, and there may be better opportunities available based on restoration objectives. Restoration goals should be based on the park's desired future conditions, and mitigation goals of outside partners may not always be in line with those. The multiple VIBI plots dispersed throughout the large wetlands at Cuyahoga Valley NP detected and illuminated spatial patterns in condition. Many individual wetlands had a wide range of VIBI scores within their boundaries, sometimes reflecting localized disturbances, past modifications, and management actions. Most often, these large fluctuations in condition were linked to local invasive plant infestations. These infestations appear to be the most obvious and widespread threat to wetland ecosystems within the park, but also the most controllable threat. Some sensitive species are still present in some of the lowest scoring plots, which indicates that invasive plant species control efforts may pay off immediately with a resurgence of native communities. Invasive plant control at rare habitat sites would have large payoffs over time by protecting some of the park's most unique wetlands. Reference wetlands would also be good demonstration sites for park managers to try to maintain exemplary conditions through active management. Through this work, park managers can evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and scalability of management practices required to maintain wetland condition.
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Ashton, Weslynne, Andrés Luque i John R. Ehrenfeld. Best Practices in Cleaner Production: Promotion and Implementation for Smaller Enterprises (Appendix 1-Case Summaries). Inter-American Development Bank, styczeń 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008580.

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This annex contains specific examples of cleaner production (CP) strategies for smaller enterprises including regional overviews of Latin America, Asia and Europe. It contains best practices from: Multinational Umbrella Programs such as Asian Development Bank, Nordic Environmental Finance Corporation (NEFCO), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) &United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), United States ¿ Asia Environmental Partnership (USAEP), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), World Bank; and Country-Specific Programs such as United States Environmental Protection AgencySmall Businesses & Cleaner Production, National Pollution Prevention Roundtable (NPPR), The CNP+L of Mexico, Individual experiences in Latin-America, Australian Cleaner Production Experiences, Indonesia¿s Cleaner Production Award Model, Cleaner Production in Sri Lankan SMEs, Taiwan¿s Cleaner Production Programs, Cleaner Production in Thailand.
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Avery, Michael L., i James R. Lindsay. Monk Parakeets. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, listopad 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208743.ws.

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Since their introduction to the United States in the 1960s, monk parakeets (Myiopsittamonachus) have thrived. Monk parakeets often construct nests on man-made structures, such as electric utility facilities and cell phone towers. Monk parakeets are non-native and not protected by the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Their status at the State level varies considerably─from no regulation to complete protection. Thus, it is best to consult with the appropriate local wildlife management agency before initiating any control efforts. The monk parakeet is a popular cage bird, and although imports from South America have ceased, many are available in the U.S. through captive breeding and from individuals who take young birds from nests.
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Waisner, Scott, Victor Medina, Charles Ellison, Jose Mattei-Sosa, John Brasher, Jacob Lalley i Christopher Griggs. Design, construction, and testing of the PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS), a mobile ion exchange–based system for the treatment of per-, poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated water. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43823.

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Poly-,Per-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are versatile chemicals that were incorporated in a wide range of products. One of their most important use was in aqueous film-forming foams for fighting liquid fuel fires. PFAS compounds have recently been identified as potential environmental contaminants. In the United States there are hundreds of potential military sites with PFAS contamination. The ERDC designed and constructed a mobile treatment system to address small sites (250,000 gallons or less) and as a platform to field test new adsorptive media. The PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS) has cartridge filters to remove sediments and a granular activated carbon (GAC) media filter to remove organic compounds that might compete with PFAS in the ion exchange process, although it may also remove PFAS too. The last process is an ion exchange resin specifically designed to remove PFAS to a target level of 70 ng/L or less (equivalent to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Drinking Water Health Advisory). The system was tested at Hurlburt Field, a US Air Force facility in Florida and at Naval Support Activity (NSA) Mid-South in Millington, TN.
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Committee on Toxicology. COT FSA PBPK for Regulators Workshop Report 2021. Food Standards Agency, kwiecień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tyy821.

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The future of food safety assessment in the UK depends on the Food Standards Agency’s (FSA) adaptability and flexibility in responding to and adopting the accelerating developments in science and technology. The Tox21 approach is an example of one recent advancement in the development of alternative toxicity testing approaches and computer modelling strategies for the evaluation of hazard and exposure (New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). A key aspect is the ability to link active concentrations in vitro to likely concentrations in vivo, for which physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling is ideally suited. The UK FSA and the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products, and the Environment (COT) held an “PBPK for Regulators” workshop with multidisciplinary participation, involving delegates from regulatory agencies, government bodies, academics, and industry. The workshop provided a platform to enable expert discussions on the application of PBPK to health risk assessment in a regulatory context. Presentations covered current application of PBPK modelling in the agrochemical industry for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), pharmaceutical industry for drug absorption related issues (e.g., the effect of food on drug absorption) and drug-drug interaction studies, as well as dose extrapolations to special populations (e.g., those with a specific disease state, paediatric/geriatric age groups, and different ethnicities), environmental chemical risk assessment, an overview of the current regulatory guidance and a PBPK model run-through. This enabled attendees to consider the wide potential and fitness for purpose of the application of PBPK modelling in these fields. Attendees considered applicability in the context of future food safety assessment for refining exposure assessments of chemicals with narrow margins of exposure and/or to fill data gaps from more traditional approaches (i.e., data from animal testing). The overall conclusions from the workshop were as follows: PBPK modelling tools were applicable in the areas of use covered, and that expertise was available (though it is in small numbers). PBPK modelling offers opportunities to address questions for compounds that are otherwise not possible (e.g., considerations of human variability in kinetics) and allows identification of “at risk” subpopulations. The use of PBPK modelling tends to be applied on a case-by-case basis and there appears to be a barrier to widespread acceptance amongst regulatory bodies due to the lack of available in-house expertise (apart from some medical and environmental agencies such as the European Medicines Agency, United States Food and Drug Administration, and the US Environmental Protection Agency, respectively). Familiarisation and further training opportunities on the application of PBPK modelling using real world case studies would help in generating interest and developing more experts in the field, as well as furthering acceptance. In a regulatory context, establishing fitness for purpose for the use of PBPK models requires transparent discussion between regulatory agencies, government bodies, academics, and industry and the development of a harmonised guidance such as by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) would provide a starting point. Finally, PBPK modelling is part of the wider “new approach methodologies” for risk assessment, and there should be particular emphasis in modelling both toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics.
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, Hannah Pilkington, David Jones i Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping project: Big Thicket National Preserve. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299254.

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The Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, vegetation classification field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Kountze, Texas where representatives gathered from BITH, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. The project acquired new 2014 orthoimagery (30-cm, 4-band (RGB and CIR)) from the Hexagon Imagery Program. Supplemental imagery for the interpretation phase included Texas Natural Resources Information System (TNRIS) 2015 50 cm leaf-off 4-band imagery from the Texas Orthoimagery Program (TOP), Farm Service Agency (FSA) 100-cm (2016) and 60 cm (2018) National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Maps imagery. In addition to aerial and satellite imagery, 2017 Neches River Basin Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and TNRIS to analyze vegetation structure at BITH. The preliminary vegetation classification included 110 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 304 plots surveyed between 2016 and 2019 and 110 additional observation plots. The final vegetation classification includes 75 USNVC associations and 27 park special types including 80 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 12 herbaceous, and 3 sparse vegetation types. The final BITH map consists of 51 map classes. Land cover classes include five types: pasture / hay ground agricultural vegetation; non ? vegetated / barren land, borrow pit, cut bank; developed, open space; developed, low ? high intensity; and water. The 46 vegetation classes represent 102 associations or park specials. Of these, 75 represent natural vegetation associations within the USNVC, and 27 types represent unpublished park specials. Of the 46 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, 7 map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, 4 map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials, and 9 map classes contain four or more USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland types had an abundance of Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ilex opaca, Ilex vomitoria, Quercus nigra, and Vitis rotundifolia. Shrubland types were dominated by Pinus taeda, Ilex vomitoria, Triadica sebifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, and/or Callicarpa americana. Herbaceous types had an abundance of Zizaniopsis miliacea, Juncus effusus, Panicum virgatum, and/or Saccharum giganteum. The final BITH vegetation map consists of 7,271 polygons totaling 45,771.8 ha (113,104.6 ac). Mean polygon size is 6.3 ha (15.6 ac). Of the total area, 43,314.4 ha (107,032.2 ac) or 94.6% represent natural or ruderal vegetation. Developed areas such as roads, parking lots, and campgrounds comprise 421.9 ha (1,042.5 ac) or 0.9% of the total. Open water accounts for approximately 2,034.9 ha (5,028.3 ac) or 4.4% of the total mapped area. Within the natural or ruderal vegetation types, forest and woodland types were the most extensive at 43,022.19 ha (106,310.1 ac) or 94.0%, followed by herbaceous vegetation types at 129.7 ha (320.5 ac) or 0.3%, sparse vegetation types at 119.2 ha (294.5 ac) or 0.3%, and shrubland types at 43.4 ha (107.2 ac) or 0.1%. A total of 784 AA samples were collected to evaluate the map?s thematic accuracy. When each AA sample was evaluated for a variety of potential errors, a number of the disagreements were overturned. It was determined that 182 plot records disagreed due to either an erroneous field call or a change in the vegetation since the imagery date, and 79 disagreed due to a true map classification error. Those records identified as incorrect due to an erroneous field call or changes in vegetation were considered correct for the purpose of the AA. As a simple plot count proportion, the reconciled overall accuracy was 89.9% (705/784). The spatially-weighted overall accuracy was 92.1% with a Kappa statistic of 89.6%. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Five map classes had accuracies below 80%. After discussing preliminary results with the parl, we retained those map classes because the community was rare, the map classes provided desired detail for management or the accuracy was reasonably close to the 80% target. When the 90% AA confidence intervals were included, an additional eight classes had thematic accruacies that extend below 80%. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management include the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and PLOTS database sampling data. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.
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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2005-0290-2992, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park Durham, North Carolina. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, marzec 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta200502902992.

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District level baseline survey of family planning program in Uttar Pradesh: Kanpur. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1008.

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The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) with financial support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has sponsored the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project (under the management of the State Innovations in Family Planning Services Agency, Lucknow). The project aims to reduce fertility through increasing accessibility, improving quality, and generating demand for family planning services. It attempts to achieve its objectives by supporting service innovations in the public and nongovernmental sector and through social marketing of contraceptives. These intervention strategies are expected to increase the couple protection rate of the state in general and of Kanpur Nagar in particular. One of the prerequisites is to carry out a baseline survey in selected districts of Uttar Pradesh. The BSUP is primarily a household survey with an overall target sample size of 37,000 ever married women ages 13–49 years. The Population Council has collaborated with a number of Indian Consulting Organizations (COs) for survey implementation. Each CO has carried out the survey in one or more districts. The baseline survey was initiated in 15 out of the state’s 63 districts. This report pertains to district Kanpur Nagar.
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