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Saddoon N. Al-Majali. "JORDANIAN FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS THE COUNTRIES OF THE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL (1999-2019)". International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, nr 9(21) (30.12.2019): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijitss/30122019/6860.
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The study aimed to research the Jordanian foreign policy towards the Gulf Cooperation Council states during the period 1999-2019, as this period is an extension of the previous stages, as during which Jordanian relations with the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council were affected as a result of the second Gulf crisis 1990, and the events of September 2001, and what followed in light of the war on Iraq and its occupation by the United States of America, where the United States emerged as a unipolar force that dominates the world.The study showed that Jordanian foreign policy towards the Gulf Cooperation Council countries was affected by regional and international changes, as relations between Jordan and the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council were characterized by apathy and approached isolation as a result of Iraq’s occupation of Kuwait, but Jordanian relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council countries improved, as a result of The multiple visits made by King Abdullah II after he assumed power in 1999, to the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, as Jordan's geopolitical position contributes to enhancing security and stability for the countries of the Council in exchange for Israeli expansionist ambitions, because Jordan looks at its security cooperation with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in the framework of the imperatives of mutual security, which posed this perspective as one of the dimensions in the Gulf of Jordan's foreign policy, which has not changed even in periods of Arab division, or during the boycott Cooperation Council (GCC) to Jordan.
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Surls, Rachel, Gail Feenstra, Sheila Golden, Ryan Galt, Shermain Hardesty, Claire Napawan i Cheryl Wilen. "Gearing up to support urban farming in California: Preliminary results of a needs assessment". Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 30, nr 1 (5.03.2014): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170514000052.
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AbstractAccording to the United States Census, California is the most urban state in the nation. Although there are many outstanding examples of urban farms in California, in general, urban agriculture (UA) has been slower to gain momentum here than in some other states with large urban populations. Over the past several years, urban agriculture's popularity in California has begun to escalate, with strong emerging interest in San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, San Diego, Los Angeles and other metropolitan communities. One challenge for urban farmers and municipal decision makers engaged with UA in California has been limited availability of relevant information and technical assistance. A new project team at the University of California Cooperative Extension, part of the Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources (UC ANR) is working to develop web-based educational resources that will be grounded in a needs assessment that is currently underway. The needs assessment includes a literature review, an internal survey of UC ANR personnel, and community clientele interviews. This paper will report on preliminary findings and analyses of the needs assessment, particularly how UC ANR personnel are engaged with UA, and what tools they think would best serve urban farmers. We suggest implications for those involved with UA, such as personnel of land-grant universities, local governments and non-profits seeking to address the needs of urban farmers in an environment of constrained resources.
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Moh’d Dyab Al-Nouimat, Abdalla, Mubarak Ateeq Sultan Alafreet Alkuwaiti i Zhomart Zhengis. "The importance of the Caspian Sea in sustainability of the international competition for Central Asia". RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', nr 1 (sierpień 2022): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2022-001007.
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The fall of the former Soviet Union led to the disintegration of the republics and the formation of new republics on the international scene, especially those in Cen-tral Asia. This study aims at showing the advantages of the Caspian Sea in the Central Asian countries and the factors that contribute to its importance of sus-tainability in geographically and strategically plans. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, based on other studies, books, and articles. The results show that the Caspian Sea is targeted by many countries because of its great importance to Central Asian countries due to the number of natural resources and reserves therein, and the availability of natural gas and oil on its territory. On the other hand, the Caspian Region has much Geo-Strategic Importance point includes geopolitical significance because it is located at the in-tersection, which connected the Middle East, Central Asia, Europe, and the Cauca-sus, it is the only waterway for the new republics of Central Asia, also it is an im-portant source that provides food. however, all global small and big power has the objectives of controlling and exporting Caspian energy resources. Additionally, the Caspian Sea Region is useful for the united states plans to contain Iran or Russia and to diversify sources of gas and oil in order to limit the reliance on the Middle East. Although the "Aktau Summit" ended the dialectic of (the sea and the lake) and drew a new pattern of cooperation between the riparian states, it remains in front of two different paths. The first: is to encourage cooperation between the five countries, whether political or economic, and this is in light of the joint concern for the benefits resulting from cooperate. The second is the lack of benefit for this agreement in the basis and principle, and this may happen if the neighbouring countries disagree on the division of oil wealth among them, which is what many observers believe, in addition to the fact that the onslaughts on the extension of energy pipelines to Europe may push countries to Intensity in competition and from there the agreement may turn into a conflict that may cause a "cata-strophic" for the entire region. Hence, it can be said that the "Aktau Peak" may be a movement towards the front or just a move around. Just as the seriousness of the political equilibrium between the countries of the re-gion, its is extremely unfortunate to know that the "Aktau Summit" did not ad-dress the issue of protecting the vital environment of the Caspian Sea and its di-versity, and this serious issue has not received the necessary international attention so far.
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Siebert, John W., i John L. Park. "United Agricultural Cooperative: considering the sale of the agronomy division". International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, nr 5 (15.06.2018): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0119.
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This case study examines a common agricultural cooperative structure in the United States, namely that of a business which both sells farm supplies to its members and also markets, to others, the agricultural products of its members. The case concerns whether the United Agricultural Cooperative should sell the cooperative’s agronomy supply division. This division sells fertilizer, chemicals and seed. It also provides related services. The cooperative has received an acquisition inquiry from rapidly expanding agricultural retailer, Pinnacle Agricultural Holdings, LLC. The case allows readers to examine both detailed financial information as well as the cooperative’s political environment. The case ends with readers being asked to recommend a decision; namely should the cooperative sell the agronomy division or should it be kept? Professors can read the authors’ teaching note to learn recommended classroom teaching strategies and also to learn the actual decision which was made by this cooperative.
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Pardello, Renee, i Cari Michaels. "The United States Cooperative Extension System: Contributing to a Partnership System". Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies 7, nr 2 (16.12.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/ijps.v7i2.3507.
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How does an institution navigate current societal pressures and historical social inequities to move toward a partnerism system? Partnersim is defined as a socio-economic system that values and rewards caring for one another, nature, and our collective future. This article provides a preliminary look at two examples in which the University of Minnesota Extension is moving toward a partnership system. An analysis of results from surveys of two units, one of staff from the Center of Family Development and one of staff and board members from the Regional Sustainable Development Partnership, revealed four factors that influence organizations toward either a domination system or a partnership system. A discussion of the four factors addresses the challenges and the benefits of moving toward a partnership system.
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Willmott, J. D., i R. N. Freeman. "520 Northeast Greenhouse IPM Notes—Regional Cooperation and Digital Technology Enhances Information Delivery". HortScience 35, nr 3 (czerwiec 2000): 484E—484. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.484e.
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Rutgers Cooperative Extension and Cornell Cooperative Extension initiated a regional newsletter the Northeast Greenhouse IPM Notes. The goal of the newsletter is to improve greenhouse pest management practices through promotion of timely integrated pest management information that applies to the unique problems faced in the Northeastern United States. Interstate cooperation maximizes the professional expertise and resources available through several Land Grant Institutions. Extension educators at Cornell, Rutgers, Penn State Univ., and the Universities of Maryland and Connecticut, actively contribute feature articles, pest updates and other timely information through e-mail: Internet communication facilitates communication. The newsletter is prepared monthly and sent to 282 greenhouse growers, extension professionals and allied industry representatives in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and other states. The newsletter is also published on the World Wide Web with color images of crop problems. Publishing of color images is facilitated by digital technology. This edition can be downloaded in color from the Rutgers Cooperative Extension Floriculture site: http://aesop.rutgers.edu/~floriculture/grower/ipmf.htm
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Rodgers, Michelle Skiles, i Monica Hobbs Vinluan. "Closing Thoughts: On the Power of Youth and System Change". Journal of Youth Development 13, nr 3 (18.09.2018): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2018.673.
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Change is happening in the Cooperative Extension System as the organization focuses its efforts on the overall goal of creating a culture of health in the United States. Well Connected Communities is a Cooperative Extension and National 4-H Council initiative supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation that involves modeling a systems-level approach to community efforts versus an individual prevention model. The initiative also engages the power of youth to catalyze progress for communities to achieve their best health and well-being.
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Ziegler, Troy J., i David M. Koch. "Undergraduate Research: A Pedagogical Experiment". Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, nr 7 (październik 1988): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200709.
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Students cooperatively conducted research experiments in an upper division cognitive psychology course in the Behavioral Sciences and Leadership Department at the United States Air Force Academy. The pedagogical structure of the course was modified to emphasize teaching cadets how to think versus what to think through the process of conducting research. Students were expected to cooperate in pairs to design and conduct their research. Cooperative research projects were used in the attempt to develop critical thinking skills and intrinsic motivation to excel. This paper presents the authors' views on the rationale and perceived benefits of cooperative research projects in upper division courses to develop critical thinking skills and intrinsic motivation.
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Meyer, Mary Hockenberry, i David Michener. "Academic, Internship, and Cooperative Extension Programs at Botanic Gardens". HortTechnology 23, nr 5 (październik 2013): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.5.635.
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Fifty-five online survey responses, 15 phone interviews, and 9 site visits were conducted to collect information on academic (for credit) classes, internships, and Cooperative Extension programs at botanic gardens and arboreta in the United States. Academic programs investigated were primarily instructional credit classes. Thirty-five (64%) of the respondents indicated their garden offers an entire or partial academic class on-site. The most limiting factor in offering more academic classes was faculty time or staff limitations, as indicated by 21 participants (38%). Thirty-one (56%) gardens offer some type of internship, although only 16 (30%) were offering an academic (for credit) internship. Respondents indicated extension involvement as follows: Extension Specialists/Extension Master Gardeners (EMG) teach classes on-site, 23 (42%); EMG training was held on-site, 17 (31%); EMG answered questions on-site, 16 (29%); and 26 (47%) indicated “other” extension collaboration. Sixty-six percent reported their working relationship with extension as minimal or fair as opposed to 33% who described their extension relationship as good to excellent. Examples of successful programs in these three areas are presented, which offer models for collaborative work between botanic gardens, academia, and extension.
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Bradford, Kent J., i Marc A. Cohn. "Seed biology and technology: At the crossroads and beyond. Introduction to the Symposium on Seed Biology and Technology: Applications and Advances and a prospectus for the future". Seed Science Research 8, nr 2 (czerwiec 1998): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500004062.
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The papers in this special section ofSeed Science Researchare products of a symposium on Seed Biology and Technology: Applications and Advances, held in Fort Collins, Colorado, on 13–16 August, 1997. The symposium was convened as a cooperative effort of Regional Research Project W-168 within the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative States Research, Extension and Education Service (CSREES) system. Regional Research Projects are authorized by the Hatch Act, which established the Agricultural Experiment Station (AES) system in the United States (US Code). This is a system in which land-grant institutions in each state conduct research and education programmes relevant to agriculture, the environment and society. Regional Research projects are a mechanism ‘for cooperative research in which two or more State agricultural experiment stations are cooperating to solve problems that concern the agriculture of more than one state.’ Such projects ‘can provide the solution to a problem of fundamental importance or fill an important gap in our knowledge from the standpoint of the present and future agriculture of the region’
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Aguilar, F. X., i R. P. Vlosky. "Gender differences in determinants of job satisfaction among cooperative extension workers in the United States". Applied Economics Letters 17, nr 2 (21.04.2008): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850701719959.
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Hartmann, Katherine. "COVID-19 in Indigenous Communities: The Lived Experiences of Extension Educators". Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 28, nr 1 (15.01.2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2021.28104.
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Cooperative Extension is present in nearly 100% of counties in the United States, but can only be found in a small percentage of Indigenous communities. Much of this inequitable access to educational and agricultural resources can be attributed to the lasting cultural, social, economic, and political effects of settler colonialism in the Land Grant System and the U.S. in general. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted these inequities, as well as lack of access to traditional foodways, healthcare, and other basic services. Extension educators already working in Indigenous communities were uniquely situated to respond to the crisis and assist the communities they serve in meeting the new challenges. This study explores the lived experiences of some of these educators through qualitative interviews and advocates for their continued and expanded support. For the Land Grant System to live up to its professed mission of access and inclusion, it must provide equitable access to Extension services in Indigenous communities, and the COVID-19 pandemic proved how vital Extension programs are to their development and survival. Keywords: Indigenous communities; COVID-19; settler colonialism; Cooperative Extension
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Andersen, Janet, Anne Leslie, Sharlene Matten i Rita Kumar. "The Environmental Protection Agency's Programs to Encourage the Use of Safer Pesticides". Weed Technology 10, nr 4 (grudzień 1996): 966–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00041117.
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The Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) within the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated several programs to reduce risks associated with the use of pesticides. Examples include accelerated registration of new products (including biological pesticides) that offer reduced risk to human health and the environment, and regulatory relief for products posing virtually no risk to provide replacement for more problematic pesticides. In addition, efforts are being undertaken to reduce pesticide resistance in target pests, develop joint “Environmental Stewardship” efforts between the EPA, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The new Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division (BPPD), established as a pilot in October 1994, has responsibility for many above functions, with special emphasis on registration of biological pesticides and development of the new Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP). This program is designed to recognize achievements already made by farmers to reduce conventional pesticide use and to find further improvements through cooperative efforts with growers.
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Savaiano, Dennis A., Krystal H. Lynch, Donna J. Vandergraff, Sarah E. Wiehe, Lisa K. Staten i Douglas K. Miller. "The Purdue Extension and Indiana CTSI’s Community Health Partnerships collaboration: An innovative, generalizable, state-wide model to help communities build a culture of health". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, nr 5 (październik 2017): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.300.
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The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute’s Community Engagement Partners-Purdue Extension collaborative model demonstrates tremendous potential for creating state-wide programmatic efforts and improvements in both the health culture and status of Indiana residents across the state. It can serve as a prototype not only for others interested in pursuing wide geographic health improvements through Clinical and Translational Sciences Award-Cooperative Extension partnerships but also for broader collaborations among United States Department of Agriculture, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, state and local health departments, and health foundation efforts to improve population health.
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Buys, David R., i Roger Rennekamp. "Cooperative Extension as a Force for Healthy, Rural Communities: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions". American Journal of Public Health 110, nr 9 (wrzesień 2020): 1300–1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305767.
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Cooperative Extension (Extension), part of the land-grant university system, has been engaged in rural communities for more than a century. While the focus of Extension’s efforts has largely centered on agriculture, there is an important thread of work that has similarities to public health. As Extension settles into its second century, we are working to be even more engaged in efforts that improve the health and well-being of rural communities in particular. Extension faculty and staff are accomplishing this through direct-to-the-population education and through partnerships with more classically oriented public health organizations able to leverage Extension’s networks and positive reputation in communities to engage them and improve their health. A component of these partnerships includes Extension faculty and staff increasingly engaging in policy, systems, and environment work and other initiatives that help ensure longer-term, systemic changes more likely to improve health outcomes. In short, Extension clearly changed the agricultural system of the United States, and because of its reach into rural communities, it has the capacity to do for health in rural communities in this second century what it did for agriculture in the first century.
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Sanders, Dwight R., i Mark R. Manfredo. "Predicting Pork Supplies: An Application of Multiple Forecast Encompassing". Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 36, nr 3 (grudzień 2004): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800026894.
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Conditional efficiency or forecast encompassing is tested among alternative pork production forecasts using the method proposed by Harvey and Newbold. One-, two-, and three-quarter ahead pork production forecasts made by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the University of Illinois and Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service, and those produced by a univariate time series model are evaluated. The encompassing tests provide considerably more information about forecast performance than a simple pair-wise test for equality of mean squared errors. The results suggest that at a one-quarter horizon, the Extension service forecasts encompass the competitors, but at longer horizons, a composite forecast may provide greater accuracy.
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Brumfield, Robin G., i Margaret F. Brennan. "An Interactive World Wide Web Site for Disseminating and Gathering Farm Budget Data". HortTechnology 10, nr 4 (styczeń 2000): 830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.4.830.
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Today's farmers need current and accurate farm management information. The Internet, and specifically the World Wide Web (web), is a powerful tool to efficiently and effectively deliver this information. Rutgers Cooperative Extension developed a web site to host agricultural production budgets for three cropping systems (conventional, integrated crop management and organic) for crops raised in the northeastern United States. Since budget information needs to be kept current if it is to be of real value to a farmer, we determined that the best way to keep the information up to date was to provide a separate, interactive HTML form that could be viewed and submitted from a users' standard web browser. The interactive web site enables farm management specialists to provide costs and returns information on current agricultural practices in a timely manner. This web site is accessible via the Rutgers Cooperative Extension Farm Management Home Page.
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Tobin, Daniel, Rama Radhakrishna, Allison Chatrchyan i Shorna B. Allred. "Addressing Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture and Natural Resources: Barriers and Priorities for Land-Grant Universities in the Northeastern United States". Weather, Climate, and Society 9, nr 3 (29.06.2017): 591–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0106.1.
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Abstract Climate change has serious implications for agricultural production, natural resource management, and food security. In the United States, land-grant universities and the U.S. Cooperative Extension System have a critical role to play in conducting basic and applied research related to climate change and translating findings into meaningful programming. However, land-grant universities and Extension have had difficulty maintaining their roles as the preeminent source of trusted information on complex topics like climate change. To help guide research and programming agendas of land-grant universities, the authors explored the barriers and priorities that researchers and Extension personnel at 16 northeastern land-grant universities perceive as they pursue climate change research and programming. Through an online survey, respondents indicated their perceptions of barriers related to information, workplace, and target audiences as well as the priorities they perceived as most important for land-grant universities to pursue. Statistical analysis indicated that lack of funding, lack of time, lack of locally relevant climate information, and challenges with target audiences were among the most critical barriers. In terms of future priorities, respondents indicated securing funding for applied research, training Extension educators, and developing locally relevant decision support tools as the most important activities northeastern land-grant universities can undertake. Based on these findings, this study concludes that land-grant universities will need to strategically pursue research and educational programming on climate change in ways that integrate research and Extension and simultaneously address climate change and other concerns of land managers.
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Harper, Kristen, i Curt R. Rom. "(419) The Relation of Cooperative Extension Programs, Materials, and Publications for Organic Farming Systems as Relates to Production". HortScience 40, nr 4 (lipiec 2005): 1072C—1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1072c.
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Since the passage of the Organic Foods Production Act in 1990, certified organic produce has begun to make a large impact on national markets. However, USDA statistics indicate that many states in the southern region have considerably reduced certified organic acreage when compared to other regions in the United States. The absence of organic acreage may perhaps originate with a lack of training and educational materials provided to producers due to unanticipated growth of organic markets. A thorough review of all Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service (ACES) materials, such as bulletins, publications, and workshops over the past 10 years, would reveal what information has been provided to producers on certified organic production. This review of ACES materials defines the existing groundwork on which ACES could construct future organic publications and outreach programs in order to sustain and stimulate organic farming within the state.
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Polansky, Cecilia, i John Heermans. "Developing Forest Management Plans with High-Tech Tools and Traditional Knowledge in Zambia". Journal of Forestry 102, nr 5 (1.07.2004): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/102.5.46.
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Abstract Simply transferring to other settings developed countries' sophisticated tools of modern forest management can be inappropriate. In a pilot program in Zambia, traditional knowledge of forest products is combined with satellite images, GPS, and GIS to adapt inventories and maps for forest management planning. The example used is the Cooperative League of the United States of America's Natural Resource Management Program. Development projects that place more emphasis on existing technology and input from local forest users and extension agents–and less on technical training and equipment–have the potential for more success in slowing the conversion and exploitation of tropical forests.
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Osborne, Dennis J., Douglas C. Sanders, Donn R. Ward i James W. Rushing. "MANAGING A REGIONAL USDA-FUNDED FOOD SAFETY PROGRAM". HortScience 40, nr 3 (czerwiec 2005): 869d—869. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.869d.
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This paper summarizes the management framework of a multi-state, multi-institutional partnership delivering a targeted train-the-trainer program. The program provided Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs)-based training to southeastern U.S. fresh fruit and vegetable (produce) growers and packers. Twelve southern U.S. states cooperated in this project: Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. The 2000–04 work was funded by United States Department of Agriculture – Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA–CSREES) National Food Safety Initiative grants. This project developed materials, pilot tested them, refined them for use by a regional group of specialized agents, assisted the agents in delivering the new programming and evaluated the results.
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Feyers, Shane, Taylor Stein i Kotryna Klizentyte. "Bridging Worlds: Utilizing a Multi-Stakeholder Framework to Create Extension–Tourism Partnerships". Sustainability 12, nr 1 (20.12.2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010080.
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Some counties in the United States are turning to visions of sustainable development in response to increasing environmental problems caused by land use expansion and intensification. Sustainable tourism is one industry capable of fostering this change because of its relationship to all facets of a destination, from transportation and culture to natural resource management. This paper addresses a study that examined what support tourism destinations in Florida need from the Cooperative Extension Service to better utilize natural areas as responsible tourism attractions to benefit the local community, economy, and biodiversity (i.e., ecotourism). A nominal group technique, questionnaires, and interviews with local tourism professionals were used to investigate needs and support for ecotourism development. Results show, when nature-based tourism products are present, growth in ecotourism market supply is desired by tourism providers. Results also indicate that this growth is possible with the help of Extension agents, who would serve as educators on responsible tourism topics and facilitate partnerships between government, businesses, local residents, and visitors. Integrating these results into the (2013) multi-stakeholder framework developed by Waligo et al. for sustainable tourism development, this paper outlines reasoning and process for the Cooperative Extension Service to provide important support for a prevalent natural resource use.
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Smith, Diane, Weiwei Wang, Lisa Chase, Hans Estrin i Julia Van Soelen Kim. "Perspectives from the Field: Adaptions in CSA Models in Response to Changing Times in the U.S." Sustainability 11, nr 11 (3.06.2019): 3115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113115.
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Representing three states in the United States, the authors describe approaches and practices of direct-to-consumer markets from their combined experience of 40 plus years of working with Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), beginning in the early years of skepticism about the CSA model to the periods of rapid growth and optimism followed by today’s challenges regarding market saturation, competition from mainstream foods, complex logistics, and cultural disconnect. Through Cooperative Extension appointments in California, Vermont, and Washington, the authors have supported farmers as they have adopted CSA models and then adapted these models in response to changing consumer demand. This article examines the term and concept of CSA and how it has evolved in practice in different parts of the United States and at times been misused and co-opted for marketing purposes. We explore recent variations on the CSA model, including Farm Fresh Food Boxes (F3B), and discuss economic factors, marketing considerations, environmental stewardship, and community connections. The article concludes with projections for the future of CSA and the importance of maintaining authentic and beneficial relationships between farmers and consumers.
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McRoberts, D. Brent, i John W. Nielsen-Gammon. "A New Homogenized Climate Division Precipitation Dataset for Analysis of Climate Variability and Climate Change". Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, nr 6 (czerwiec 2011): 1187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2626.1.
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AbstractA new homogeneous climate division monthly precipitation dataset [based on full network estimated precipitation (FNEP)] was created as an alternative to the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) climate division dataset. These alternative climate division monthly precipitation values were estimated using an equal-weighted average of Cooperative Observer Program stations that contained serially complete time series. Missing station observations were estimated by a procedure that was optimized through testing on U.S. Historical Climate Network stations. Inhomogeneities in the NCDC dataset arise from two principal causes. The pre-1931 estimation of NCDC climate division monthly precipitation from statewide averages led to a significant time series discontinuity in several climate divisions. From 1931 to the present, NCDC climate division averages have been calculated from a subset of available station data within each climate division, and temporal changes in the location of available stations have caused artificial changes in the time series. The FNEP climate division dataset is recommended over the NCDC dataset for studies involving climate trends or long-term climate variability. According to the FNEP data, the 1895–2009 linear precipitation trend is positive across most of the United States, and trends exceed 10% per century across the southern plains and the Corn Belt. Remaining inhomogeneities from changes in gauge technology and station location may be responsible for an artificial trend of 1%–3% per century.
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Thiessen, Lindsey D., Tyler Schappe, Sarah Cochran, Kristin Hicks i Angela R. Post. "Surveying for Potential Diseases and Abiotic Disorders of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Production". Plant Health Progress 21, nr 4 (1.01.2020): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-03-20-0017-rs.
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Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has recently been reintroduced as an agricultural commodity in the United States, and, through state-led pilot programs, growers and researchers have been investigating production strategies. Diseases and disorders of industrial hemp in the United States are largely unknowns because record-keeping and taxonomy have improved dramatically in the last several decades. In 2016, North Carolina launched a pilot program to investigate industrial hemp, and diseases and abiotic disorders were surveyed in 2017 and 2018. Producers, consultants, and agricultural extension agents submitted samples to the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Agronomic Services Division (n = 572) and the North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic (n = 117). Common field diseases found included Fusarium foliar and flower blights (Fusarium graminearum), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), and Helminthosporium leaf spot (Exserohilum rostratum). Greenhouse diseases were primarily caused by Pythium spp. and Botrytis cinerea. Common environmental disorders were attributed to excessive rainfall flooding roots and poor root development of transplanted clones.
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Haokun Wang, Xiuyun Wang, Yaozu Wang, Qingyue Li,. "Analysis of Cornell Cooperative Extension under the Background of Big Data". Journal of Electrical Systems 20, nr 2 (4.04.2024): 2027–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.1651.
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In the era of knowledge economy, higher education has become the support and engine of socio-economic development, and the importance and urgency of its social service function have become more prominent. The content and form of services urgently need to be updated and innovated. Analyzing the history and current development status of typical university social services undoubtedly has important exemplary value. As one of the earliest universities born in the United States to serve society, Cornell University has a deeply rooted concept of social service, a complete social service system, and a unique social service promotion system. The development of information technology and big data has greatly improved the social service field of the university. In order to have a deeper understanding of the development track and operation logic of Cornell University's social service extension system, this paper adopts the method of literature research, historical research and case study to trace the source of Cornell University's social service concept and explore Cornell University's social service extension model -- agricultural extension project with advantages of traditional "land-grant college". Learn about natural resources, environment and sustainable energy development projects that keep pace with The Times, as well as youth development and family upbringing services for family education. This article believes that the social services provided by Cornell University under the social service promotion system have a strong academic and professional nature, and the direction, content, and social needs of serving society are highly matched and coupled, which helps the university form a complete social service system. Its mature social service promotion system and successful experience in social services have important implications for the construction and improvement of university social service functions.
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Mirando, Mark A., i Debora L. Hamernik. "Funding Priorities in Animal Reproduction at the United States Department of Agriculture’s Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service1". Biology of Reproduction 74, nr 3 (1.03.2006): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.105.048686.
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Brzuszek, Robert F., Richard L. Harkess i Lelia Kelly. "Survey of Master Gardener Use of Native Plants in the Southeastern United States". HortTechnology 20, nr 2 (kwiecień 2010): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.2.462.
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The Master Gardener program is a volunteer horticultural training and an educational outreach program developed and managed by state cooperative extension services. Previous research in the southeastern United States revealed that landscape architects and contractors are increasingly using native plant materials in their projects and this often exceeds regional plant availability. A survey of green industry in the region showed supply is driven by consumer demand and education. To determine if native plant demand is encountered by plant purchasers other than landscape architects, this study evaluates the interest level and market use of native plants by Master Gardeners of six southeastern states. A web-based survey was developed, and Master Gardeners were invited to participate by their state Master Gardener coordinators. The survey included questions on how Master Gardeners use native plants in their home landscape, how they best learn about them, the species they have purchased, and their interest level. A total of 979 Master Gardeners completed the survey. Results revealed that this particular consumer group is enthusiastic about native plants and supports the landscape professionals' claims that marketing for native plants could improve if plants were available at more retail outlets, by having more types (herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees) and species for sale, and by offering greater quantities of plants.
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Brugger, Julie, i Michael Crimmins. "Designing Institutions to Support Local-Level Climate Change Adaptation: Insights from a Case Study of the U.S. Cooperative Extension System". Weather, Climate, and Society 7, nr 1 (1.01.2015): 18–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-13-00036.1.
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Abstract In light of global climate change, adaptation will be necessary at all levels of social organization. However, the adaptation literature emphasizes that because the impacts of climate change and vulnerability are locally specific, adaptation is inevitably local. In this paper, in order to inform the design of institutions that can encourage and support effective local-level adaptation, the authors derive principles for their design theoretically and use a case study to explore how these principles could be practically implemented. Ten design principles are synthesized from principles derived from reviews of the literatures on local-level adaptation, usable science, and boundary organizations. Bringing these three literatures together highlights the characteristics of boundary organizations that make them particularly valuable for addressing the challenges of local-level adaptation. The case study then illustrates how an existing boundary organization, The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, of the U.S. Cooperative Extension System (CES), implements these principles in its organizational structure and in the daily practice of Extension professionals. It also highlights the significance of the CES’s existing social networks and social capital for facilitating their implementation. From the case study it is concluded that the CES is uniquely positioned to serve an important role in a national adaptation strategy for the United States in supporting local-level adaptation in urban and rural communities across the country.
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Garber, Melvin P., William G. Hudson, Jeffrey G. Norcini, Ronald K. Jones, Ann R. Chase i Kane Bondari. "Pest Management in the United States Greenhouse and Nursery Industry: I. Trends in Chemical and Nonchemical Control". HortTechnology 6, nr 3 (lipiec 1996): 194b—200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.6.3.194a.
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A national survey of the greenhouse and nursery industries was conducted to determine the current status of pest management practices. This study covers the trends in chemical and nonchemical pest control measures and factors that affect adoption of nonchemical control measures. For the 5-year period 1988-93, there appeared to be a decrease in chemical use for disease and insect control and for plant growth regulators. During the same period there was an increase in chemical weed control. The adoption of nonchemical pest control measures was concentrated in the area of insect control. The primary factors limiting use of nonchemical pest control measures were 1) availability of effective materials/biological agents, 2)availability of information, and 3) management complexity. The primary information sources on nonchemical pest control used by growers varied by size of firm and region of the country. For all respondents the primary sources were 1) industry trade journals, 2) other growers in the industry, 3) cooperative extension service, and 4) industry-sponsored seminars.
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Clough, Mark E., George C. Yencho, Barbara Christ, Walter DeJong, Donald Halseth, Kathleen Haynes, Melvin Henninger i in. "An Interactive Online Database for Potato Varieties Evaluated in the Eastern United States". HortTechnology 20, nr 1 (luty 2010): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.250.
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Databases are commonly used to coordinate and summarize research from multiple projects. The potato (Solanum tuberosum) research community has invested significant resources in collecting data from multiple states and provinces, and we have developed a web-based database format for the use of researchers, farmers, and consumers. The northeast regional potato variety development project (NE1031) is a U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES) regional project focused on developing and evaluating the suitability of new varieties and advanced clones from multiple breeding programs for a range of environments. This multistate project and its predecessors have been in existence for more than two decades, and they have resulted in the collection of a significant amount of standardized potato trial data. We have developed an interactive potato variety database that allows researchers and end-users to access and obtain potato variety trial results in one centralized site. The database is populated with the results of potato variety trials conducted in eight states (Florida, Maine, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia) and two Canadian provinces (Prince Edward Island and Quebec). It currently contains over 35 data features and was developed primarily for scientists interested in potato variety development, growers, and allied industry members. Hypertext mark-up language (HTML) and hypertext preprocessor (PHP) were used to develop the database interface.
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Livneh, Ben, Eric A. Rosenberg, Chiyu Lin, Bart Nijssen, Vimal Mishra, Kostas M. Andreadis, Edwin P. Maurer i Dennis P. Lettenmaier. "A Long-Term Hydrologically Based Dataset of Land Surface Fluxes and States for the Conterminous United States: Update and Extensions". Journal of Climate 26, nr 23 (grudzień 2013): 9384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00508.1.
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This paper describes a publicly available, long-term (1915–2011), hydrologically consistent dataset for the conterminous United States, intended to aid in studies of water and energy exchanges at the land surface. These data are gridded at a spatial resolution of [Formula: see text] latitude/longitude and are derived from daily temperature and precipitation observations from approximately 20 000 NOAA Cooperative Observer (COOP) stations. The available meteorological data include temperature, precipitation, and wind, as well as derived humidity and downwelling solar and infrared radiation estimated via algorithms that index these quantities to the daily mean temperature, temperature range, and precipitation, and disaggregate them to 3-hourly time steps. Furthermore, the authors employ the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model to produce 3-hourly estimates of soil moisture, snow water equivalent, discharge, and surface heat fluxes. Relative to an earlier similar dataset by Maurer and others, the improved dataset has 1) extended the period of analysis (1915–2011 versus 1950–2000), 2) increased the spatial resolution from ⅛° to [Formula: see text], and 3) used an updated version of VIC. The previous dataset has been widely used in water and energy budget studies, climate change assessments, drought reconstructions, and for many other purposes. It is anticipated that the spatial refinement and temporal extension will be of interest to a wide cross section of the scientific community.
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Hochmuth, George J., Jeffrey K. Brecht i Mark J. Bassett. "Fresh-market Carrot Yield and Quality Did Not Respond to Potassium Fertilization on a Sandy Soil Validated by Mehlich-1 Soil Test". HortTechnology 16, nr 2 (styczeń 2006): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.16.2.0270.
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Potassium (K) is required for successful carrot (Daucus carota) production on sandy soils of the southeastern United States, yet there is little published research documenting most current university Cooperative Extension Service recommendations. Soil test methods for K in carrot production have not been rigorously validated. Excessive fertilization sometimes is practiced by carrot growers to compensate for potential losses of K from leaching and because some growers believe that high rates of fertilization may improve vegetable quality. Carrots were grown in three plantings during the winter of 1994-95 in Gainesville, Fla., to test the effects of K fertilization on carrot yield and quality on a sandy soil testing medium (38 ppm) in Mehlich-1 soil-test K. Large-size carrot yield was increased linearly with K fertilization. Yields of U.S. No. 1 grade carrots and total marketable carrots were not affected by K fertilization. K fertilizer was not required on this soil even though the University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service recommendation was for 84 lb/acre K. Neither soluble sugar nor carotenoid concentrations in carrot roots were affected by K fertilization. The current K recommendation for carrots grown on sandy soils testing 38 ppm Mehlich-1 K could be reduced and still maintain maximum carrot yield and root quality.
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Werner, Samantha, Scott R. Lemos, Amanda McLeod, John M. Halstead, Todd Gabe, Ju-Chin Huang, Chyi Lyi Liang, Wei Shi, Lily Harris i James McConnon. "Prospects for New England Agriculture: Farm to Fork". Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 48, nr 3 (grudzień 2019): 473–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2019.33.
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AbstractThis paper summarizes a multi-state, multi-year study assessing the potential for local agriculture in northern New England. While largely rural, this region's agricultural sector differs greatly from the rest of the United States, and demand for locally produced food has been increasing. To assess this unique economic landscape, researchers and Cooperative Extension at the Universities of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont investigated four key areas: (1) local food capacities, (2) constraints to agricultural expansion, (3) consumer preferences for local and organic produce, and (4) the role of intermediaries as alternative local food outlets. The project included input from local farmers, Extension members, restaurants, and the general public. We present the four research areas in a sequential, overlapping fashion. The timing of our research was such that each step in the process informed the next and can be used as a template for assessing a region's potential for local agricultural production.
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Zschoch, Mark. "Why Policy Issue Networks Matter: The Advanced Technology Program and the Manufacturing Extension Partnership". Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, nr 2 (czerwiec 2006): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906329988.
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Why Policy Issue Networks Matter: The Advanced Technology Program and the Manufacturing Extension Partnership, Paul M. Hallacher, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005, pp. ix, 181.The argument that the rigid institutional arrangements of the past, namely subgovernments, have given way to decentralized, more open and informal policy issue networks is increasingly supported by a burgeoning body of case study literature. Paul Hallacher's book is an example of one such study that attempts to go beyond this observation and hypothesize the causal connections between policy subsystem structure and policy outcomes in the area of American cooperative technology policy. The United States provides a suitable environment for examining the hypothetical link between policy subsystem and outcome in this policy area because of the differences in political culture at the federal and state levels with regards to government in assisting industry. These differences have manifested themselves as open conflict between Democrats and Republicans over interventionist policy.
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Tsvetkova, Natalia, i Ivan Tsvetkov. "Fear in University Policy of the United States and the Soviet Union in Guatemala and Cuba". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.2.12.
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Introduction. The United States’ and Soviet Union’s respective Americanization and Sovietization of other countries’ universities during the Cold War were motivated by political fear. Methods. While realism often accentuates political fear as a driver of hard-lined policy, this paper embraces cooperative policy of states changing their initial political goals in order to appease target states. The comparative analysis and system approach are applied in the research. Analysis. Cases from Guatemala and Cuba make it evident that Washington and Moscow had to restrain and revise their projects at universities in order to maintain friendly political relations with the elite of their target governments. This paper explores the US policy at the University of San Carlos in Guatemala and the Soviet policy at the University of Havana in Cuba during the Cold War. The academic community’s resistance to and sabotage of the transformations of the universities’ national traditions and the fear that their strategic partners could interrupt the cooperation forced Washington and Moscow to curtail their Americanization and Sovietization. Local academics were able to abandon the superpowers’ projects and reforms. The University of San Carlos rejected the establishment of social extension projects and the revisions of various courses suggested by American experts, and the University of Havana rejected the introduction of ideology-oriented disciplines of the Soviet model. Results. Political fear and the policy of appeasement led to neither the United States nor the USSR being able to achieve the Americanization or Sovietization of the target universities.
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Campbell, Braden J., Jefferson S. McCutcheon, Francis L. Fluharty i Anthony J. Parker. "69 Connecting with the next generation of shepherds – an online sheep-based webpage serves as an additional tool in Extension education". Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (2.11.2020): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.257.
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Abstract Cooperative Extension education continues to maintain a strong foothold in educating people in the agricultural industry. To connect with the next generation of agriculturalists, Extension needs to investigate alternative methods to disseminate educational material. Developing and maintaining a webpage that provides relevant and scientific based sheep production information is critical as interest in the small ruminant industry continues to rise. The Ohio State University Extension Sheep Team webpage provides shepherds across the nation with the latest information regarding sheep production from daily management to industry outreach. In addition, a unique highlight of the webpage includes research summaries of sheep research conducted at Ohio State that are simplified to illustrate real-world application to improve on-farm production efficiencies. Over the past year alone, the OSU Extension Sheep Team webpage has recorded over 90,000 page views with an average visit duration time of approximately two minutes. Of these page views, approximately 9,000 originate from locations beyond the United States including Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. According to the web servers’ descriptive statistic analysis, the top referral search engine is Google, representing 58% of all page visits. Interestingly, due the OSU Extension Sheep Team’s presence on social media, Facebook accounts for approximately 18% of all page visits whereas direct subscription of the weekly newsletter only accounts for 15% of all page visits. Furthermore, top article topics include those that relate to basic sheep management practices, health and disease, parasite control methods, and common poisonous plants. Due to the unusual weather patterns of 2019, an article related to poisonous plants accounted for 16% of the webpage’s total visits, which surpassed the number of homepage visits. In order to continue providing relevant Extension information, universities should consider utilizing web-based articles to efficiently reach a larger audience and provide timely articles based upon viewer interest.
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Collum, Kourtney K., Samuel P. Hanes, Francis A. Drummond i Jessica E. Leahy. "“We’re Farmers, Not Beekeepers”: a Cultural Model of Pollination Management Among Lowbush Blueberry Growers in the United States and Canada". Human Organization 82, nr 2 (21.04.2023): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-82.2.107.
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In this article, we present a cultural model of lowbush blueberry growers’ pollination management. Through content analysis of semi-structured interviews with growers in Maine, United States, and Prince Edward Island, Canada, we identify a shared, tacit model used by growers to understand crop pollination and management. This cultural model explains growers’ perceptions of and attitudes toward pollination; this informs their management practices. Growers believe that pollination is a crucial component of crop management and design their management strategies with consideration for three distinct sources of pollination—honeybees, other commercially managed bees, and wild bees. On-farm pollinator conservation is a strategy growers use to manage uncertainty rather than a distinct schema in growers’ cultural model. We discuss ways that outreach professionals can consider growers’ cultural models when designing communications and trainings about pollinator conservation. We argue that cultural modeling can improve understanding among groups with shared interests yet different perceptions, such as farmers, researchers, and Cooperative Extension agents.
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Earle, Carville. "Divisions of Labor: The Splintered Geography of Labor Markets and Movements in Industrializing America, 1790–1930". International Review of Social History 38, S1 (kwiecień 1993): 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000112295.
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Among the various methodological prescriptions of Anthony Giddens, perhaps the most useful for labor history are his advisories on social change, on the anxieties and tensions attending a society's transition from one geographical scale to another. Labor's experience in the United States offers a case in point. The nation's transformation from a preindustrial to an industrial society entailed, in addition to the inexorables of accelerated urbanization, industrial expansion, and market extension, certain fundamental changes in the conditions of labor. Industrialization restructured the geography of labor markets, revised principles of wage determination, fomented sectarian division in the ranks of labor, and soured the relations between labor and capital. These structural changes led, in turn, to the inevitable responses of, among others, worker combination, protest, industrial violence, and a splintering in the ranks of labor.
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Saxe-Custack, Amy, Jean M. Kerver, Getrude Mphwanthe i Lorraine Weatherspoon. "Participant experiences in a paraprofessional-led weight management program for children and families". SAGE Open Medicine 7 (styczeń 2019): 205031211986392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312119863920.
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Background: Pediatric obesity is a serious and widespread medical condition that is increasing in the United States. Unfortunately, family-based programming to address the disorder fails to successfully reach and engage many children, particularly in low-income communities. To provide more affordable, accessible, and scalable programming options, researchers partnered with pediatricians and the Cooperative Extension Service (Extension) in a Midwestern state to develop a collaborative intervention. Partnering pediatricians referred children and families to a weight management program delivered by a trained Extension paraprofessional. The current study describes family experiences with the program. Methods: Researchers conducted a focus group or family interview with 13 program completers to elicit program perceptions, experiences with paraprofessionals, and motivators to continue. The focus group and family interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim for textual analysis. Using thematic analysis, researchers examined patterns across transcripts and formulated emerging themes. Results: Key themes that emerged included (1) nutrition guidance, (2) interaction, (3) child influence, and (4) family engagement. Families viewed paraprofessionals as compassionate and competent educators who were instrumental in helping families modify health-related behaviors. Conclusions: Results of the current study are important to efforts focused on addressing childhood obesity, particularly in underserved communities where access to healthcare services is limited.
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Lamm, Alexa J., Kevan W. Lamm, Sara Trojan, Catherine E. Sanders i Allison R. Byrd. "A Needs Assessment to Inform Research and Outreach Efforts for Sustainable Agricultural Practices and Food Production in the Western United States". Foods 12, nr 8 (13.04.2023): 1630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081630.
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Increasing the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices can help maintain sufficient food production while reducing its environmental impact. To ensure this adoption, it is important to assess the research and training needs of those helping farmers and producers adopt sustainable agricultural practices. However, there is a gap in the literature related to the training needs of producers in the Western United States for sustainable agriculture. Needs assessments help organizations, such as the Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program and Cooperative Extension, to address the demonstrated needs of intended audiences. This study presents the results of a needs assessment with the objective of examining training needs and barriers to adoption to help direct extension programming for sustainable agricultural practices in the western region of the United States, to identify gaps, and to inform sustainable agriculture outreach programs. Using a modified Borich method with an inferential statistical method, the discrepancies between the level at which sustainable agricultural practice training competencies “should be addressed” and the level at which they were “currently being addressed” were examined. Competencies with the largest gaps included financial disparity, food waste, and policy/communicating with decision makers. The top three barriers to adopting sustainable agricultural practices included the potential for financial loss, perceived risk of adoption, and time investment associated with adoption. Results indicated that training needs varied and that these were not all on-farm training needs. The results imply that future funding from Western SARE and other groups looking to support sustainable agricultural food system efforts, may wish to focus on requesting proposals for programs that address these competency gaps and barriers in novel and supplementary ways in combination with existing programmatic efforts.
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Hauer, Richard, i Gary Johnson. "State Urban and Community Forestry Program Funding, Technical Assistance, and Financial Assistance within the 50 United States". Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34, nr 5 (1.09.2008): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2008.038.
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This article describes the enabling legislation for technical and financial assistance, types and frequency of technical and financial assistance, and funding of urban & community forestry (U&CF) programs to the 50 United States. In 2002, $30.7 million in federal and state money financed the 50 state U&CF programs. Federal funding accounted for 60% ($18.5 million) and state funding was 33% ($10.2 million) of the total. Half of the $36 million federal government U&CF allocation in 2002 went directly to state U&CF programs. State U&CF programs distributed 38.3% of program monies (from all funding sources) to local programs through grants. Remaining program monies were used to support state U&CF programs through providing technical assistance, council administration, volunteer partnerships, and program administration. Nearly 60% of the state U&CF coordinators suggested funding of their state U&CF was inadequate to meet current needs and indicated a 60.9% mean increase in program funding was needed. All state coordinators believed their state U&CF program would decline if federal funding was eliminated. Nearly one-third believed their state program would end and nearly half believed a severe reduction in the state program would occur if federal funding was eliminated. Only 42% of state U&CF programs had enabling legislation that authorized financial and/or technical assistance. Other entities that provide U&CF assistance were identified with the Cooperative Extension Service most frequently cited.
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Reed, Deborah B., Debra McCallum i Deborah T. Claunch. "Changing Health Practices Through Research to Practice Collaboration: The Farm Dinner Theater Experience". Health Promotion Practice 22, nr 1_suppl (maj 2021): 122S—130S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839921996298.
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Production agriculture ranks as one of the most hazardous occupations in the United States, with older producers suffering 3.5 times the fatalities compared with their younger counterparts. Previous interventions have not significantly improved the health or work behaviors of farmers. Through careful collaboration among academics and Cooperative Extension agents, we developed, tested, and expanded a unique educational experience, Farm Dinner Theater (FDT), for farmers aged 45 years and more and their families across three states ( n = 8 communities, 573 participants). More than 50% of the participants made health or safety changes following the theater. Communities requested more theater events, noting the realism and applicability of the content and the engaging atmosphere for discussion. Participants remarked that the theater should be used across all age-groups. The FDT project created a community of “champions” that synergized the initial research project and fostered expansion and sustainability of the intervention. Process evaluation guided refinement of the theater intervention and built trust, respect, and further cooperative work among all collaborators. Members of the FDT partnership have received national recognition and funding to upscale the concept. The number of FDTs has expanded under local leadership. A toolkit that resulted from the project is available to the public and is constantly updated as more adopters contribute insight and scripts. This article describes the collaborative theater concept and demonstrates how sustained translation from research to practice can be accomplished through continued community engagement, collaboration, and outreach.
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Meier, Jan-Niklas, Aravind Kailas, Oubada Abuchaar, Maher Abubakr, Rawa Adla, Mahdi Ali, George Bitar i in. "On Augmenting Adaptive Cruise Control Systems with Vehicular Communication for Smoother Automated Following". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, nr 22 (21.09.2018): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118796375.
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This paper focuses on evaluating, in a structured manner, the potential benefits, along with the implementation and performance issues, of utilizing dedicated short range communication-based communication in conjunction with adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems. This work was done in the United States under a cooperative agreement between the Crash Avoidance Metrics Partners LLC and the Federal Highway Administration. Designing cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) as an extension of ACC, and by using a combination of a comprehensive simulation framework and test vehicles, benefits of vehicular communication on string stability were established, and the performance of the novel CACC-enabling software modules were validated. Another key contribution of this work is the consideration of vehicles with different dynamic responses as a part of a single string. Four light-duty vehicles (hatchback, mid- and full-size sedans, large SUV), each from a different automotive original equipment manufacturer, were retrofitted with common ACC and vehicular communication systems. They were tested under many different conditions to obtain performance data (such as radar sensor readings, etc.) when operating in a vehicle string. These data were then integrated into the simulation environment to develop and validate the CACC modules. The paper concludes with a recommendation of some data elements for over-the-air messages to enable CACC functionality.
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Evans, Shane R., Kelly Kopp, Paul G. Johnson, Bryan G. Hopkins, Xin Dai i Candace Schaible. "Comparing Smart Irrigation Controllers for Turfgrass Landscapes". HortTechnology 32, nr 5 (październik 2022): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04985-21.
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Recent advances in irrigation technologies have led many states to incentivize homeowners to purchase United States Environmental Protection Agency WaterSense-labeled, smart irrigation controllers. However, previous research of smart controllers has shown that their use may still result in excess water application when compared with controllers manually programmed to replace actual water loss. This study compared kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) irrigation applications using three smart irrigation controllers, a conventional irrigation controller programmed according to Cooperative Extension recommendations, and the average irrigation rate of area homeowners in Utah during 2018 and 2019. Of all the controllers tested, the manually programmed controller applied water at amounts closest to the actual evapotranspiration rates; however, smart controllers applied from 30% to 63% less water than area homeowners, depending on the controller and year of the study. Kentucky bluegrass health and quality indicators—percent green cover and normalized difference vegetation indices—varied between years of the study and were lower than acceptable levels on several occasions in 2019 for three of the four controllers tested. Compared with the results of similar studies, these findings suggest that the effects of smart irrigation controllers on turfgrass health and quality may vary by location and over time.
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Whipkey, Anna, James E. Simon i Jules Janick. "154 Indiana CropMAP and New Crop Compendium: New Developments from Purdue's Center for New Crops and Plant Products". HortScience 34, nr 3 (czerwiec 1999): 468D—468. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.468d.
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NewCROP (http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop) is a crop resource online program that serves Indiana, the United States, and the world. This crop information system provides useful resources to encourage and assist new rural-based industries and to enhance agricultural sustainability and competitiveness. The NewCROP site currently averages 150,000 hits per month. Indiana CropMAP is the first module in a proposed nationwide, site-specific, retrievable system that will serve the crop information needs of individual growers, marketers, processors, government agencies, cooperative extension personnel, and industry. For each county in Indiana, users can access the most recent US agriculture statistics, county extension offices, lists of crops that are currently grown, recommended alternate crops, and experimental crops. Detailed crop information, much of it specific to Indiana, can be accessed directly or through a crop search. The New Crop Compendium CD-ROM was produced by the Purdue University Center for New Crops and Plant Products in cooperation with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The New Crop Compendium CD-ROM, a searchable resource of new crop information, was edited by Jules Janick and Anna Whipkey and contains the entire text and figures from the proceedings of the three National New Crop Symposia: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.). 1990. Advances in New Crops. Timber Press, Portland, Ore.; J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.). 1993. New Crops. Wiley, New York; and J. Janick (ed.). 1996. Progress in New Crops. ASHS Press, Alexandria, Va. The New Crop Compendium provides a valuable source of information on new, specialty, neglected, and underutilized crops for scientists, growers, marketers, processors, and extension personnel. It employs an intuitive, easy to use interface. Purchase information can be found at the following url: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/compendium/order.html.
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Weybright, Elizabeth, Sandi Phibbs, Cassandra Watters, Allison Myers, Michelle Peavy i Abbey Martin. "The Role of Cooperative Extension in Delivering Training and Technical Assistance to Support Evidence-Based Behavioral Health Practices in Rural Communities". Evaluation & the Health Professions 47, nr 2 (24.05.2024): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01632787241237515.
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The opioid epidemic in the United States continues to disproportionately affect those in rural, compared to urban, areas due to a variety of treatment and recovery barriers. One mechanism to increase capacity of rural-serving providers is through delivery of training and technical assistance (TTA) for evidence-based programs by leveraging the Cooperative Extension System. Guided by the Interactive Systems Framework, the current study evaluates TTA delivered by the Northwest Rural Opioid Technical Assistance Collabroative to opioid prevention, treatment, and recovery providers on short- (satisfaction, anticipated benefit), medium-, (behavioral intention to change current practice), and long-term goals (changes toward adoption of evidence-based practices). We also evaluated differences in short- and medium-term goals by intensity of TTA event and rurality of provider. Surveys of 351 providers who received TTA indicated high levels of satisfaction with TTA events attended, expressed strong agreement that they would benefit from the event, intended to make a professional practice change, and preparation toward implementing changes. Compared to urban-based providers, rural providers reported higher intention to use TTA information to change current practice. We conclude with a review of remaining gaps in the research to practice pipeline and recommendations for moving forward.
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Klemm, Toni, i Renee A. McPherson. "Assessing Decision Timing and Seasonal Climate Forecast Needs of Winter Wheat Producers in the South-Central United States". Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, nr 9 (wrzesień 2018): 2129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0246.1.
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AbstractAgricultural decision-making that adapts to climate variability is essential to global food security. Crop production can be severely impacted by drought, flood, and heat, as seen in recent years in parts of the United States. Seasonal climate forecasts can help producers reduce crop losses, but many nationwide, publicly available seasonal forecasts currently lack relevance for agricultural producers, in part because they do not reflect their decision needs. This study examines the seasonal forecast needs of winter wheat producers in the southern Great Plains to understand what climate information is most useful and what lead times are most relevant for decision-making. An online survey of 119 agricultural advisers, cooperative extension agents in Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, and Colorado, was conducted and gave insights into producers’ preferences for forecast elements, what weather and climate extremes have the most impact on decision-making, and the decision timing of major farm practices. The survey participants indicated that winter wheat growers were interested not only in directly modeled variables, such as total monthly rainfall, but also in derived elements, such as consecutive number of dry days. Moreover, these agricultural advisers perceived that winter wheat producers needed seasonal climate forecasts to have a lead time of 0–2.5 months—the planning lead time for major farm practices, like planting or harvesting. A forecast calendar and monthly rankings for forecast elements were created that can guide forecasters and advisers as they develop decision tools for winter wheat producers and that can serve as a template for other time-sensitive decision tools developed for stakeholder communities.
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Sewell, Charles, Randall Cantrell i Michael Spranger. "Using the Bioecological Theory of Human Behavior to Link Homeowners to Hurricane: Preparedness in the Southeast United States". International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 35, nr 3 (listopad 2017): 298–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701703500308.
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More than a decade passed without a major hurricane reaching landfall in the US until the unfortunate events resulting from Hurricane Harvey in August 2017 (which is when this article was in final review). This suggests homeowners could have been feeling a false sense of security regarding hurricane preparedness. This study provides information about which populations might benefit from outreach programs, such as cooperative extension, designed to increase homeowner understanding of aid available to them when and if needed. Increasing hurricane preparedness in this way enables efficient distribution of resources because homeowners are more informed about how and where to obtain assistance. Relationships were assessed between homeowners’ location, education, income, age, presence of minors in the home, tenure within the community, and two measures developed by this study: the Hurricane-Preparedness Knowledge Scale and the Trust in Support Entities Scale. Findings showed that those having lived within the community longer were more interested in increasing their knowledge about hurricane preparedness. Respondents in Georgia were least interested in obtaining more knowledge about hurricane preparedness, but this was the one region where the study extended farthest inland from the coast. However, homeowners living in Georgia were less trusting of support entities (i.e., FEMA, Red Cross, county emergency management, and local governments) than their southern bordering states—a finding that should not be affected by proximity to the coast. Irrespective of Hurricane Katrina, Louisiana showed no less trust in support entities than any other state throughout the area studied. Also, those with advance levels of formal education were less trusting in support entities than those with less education.
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Erickson, Luke V., i Dorothy Sammons-Lohse. "Learning through video games: The impacts of competition and cooperation". E-Learning and Digital Media 18, nr 1 (20.08.2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042753020949983.
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The purpose of this study was to explore four different methods of instruction: a traditional slideshow control group, and three groups using an educational video game played either individually or facilitated with a competitive or cooperative social structure. The instructional tool was an educational video game designed to teach a personal finance lesson on credit scores through individual play. The research questions focused on differences in participant performance, engagement, and attitude. The participants in the study consisted of adults from traditional extension and outreach audiences associated with a land-grant university located in the intermountain western United States. The results of this study indicated that, with one exception, there were no significant differences in outcomes between the four different methods of instruction. The broad interpretations of this study are that educational outcomes of using educational video games may not vary greatly based on social context when using precise definitions of competition and cooperation. Importantly, this affords educators the general freedom to choose among a number of social educational structures without fear of significantly compromising educational outcomes.