Artykuły w czasopismach: „United Nations Organizations”

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Choi, Young-Chool. "Network analysis regarding international organisations and donors of humanitarian aid". Linguistics and Culture Review 6 (4.01.2022): 138–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns5.2082.

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This study aims to evaluate the status of the partnerships with important international organizations that Korea employs in operating its foreign aid projects from a humanitarian point of view. On the basis of this information, Korea intends to seek ways of effectively supporting underdeveloped countries through future co-operation with these organizations. The main international organizations analyzed are the World Food Programmer (WFP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the (United Nations) Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). These international organizations support underdeveloped countries through co-operative relationships not only with Korea but also with important donor countries of the OECD. This study focuses on establishing the factors that Korea needs to consider when providing humanitarian aid in the future to underdeveloped countries via such international organizations.

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Baghirova, Nigar. "The system of regulation of the world tourism market". Scientific Bulletin 3 (2020): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54414/auzx2064.

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This article the general characteristics of the United Nations system activity in the field of international tourism. International tourism is regulated on a multilateral basis and is carried out, first of all, within the United Nations system, which is tasked with adjusting international cooperation in solving the problems of economic, social, and cultural character. The main international law documents on issues of international tourism regulations were elaborated and adopted within the framework of the United Nations system. International Union of Official Travel Organizations was engaged in processing and forming tourism terminology and definitions after World War II. In 1974 International Union of Official Travel Organizations was transformed into the United Nations World Tourism Organization. The main aim of the World Tourism Organization today is promoting tourism development, as well as elaborating general rules and provisions contributing to international tourism development and tourist exchange in the world community.

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Turabaevich, Atakhanov Bakhtiyor. "Participation And Cooperation Of Uzbekistan And Belarus In The United Nations". American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 03, nr 03 (31.03.2021): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue03-10.

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This article covers the history of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Belarus being one of the influential international organizations, joining the United Nations organization, its participation, support and participation in international projects under the auspices of the organization. The article also covers the relations between the countries of Uzbekistan and Belarus within the framework of the UN.

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Van Fossen, Michael, i Paula P. Hinton. "United Nations and other international organizations". Journal of Government Information 27, nr 6 (listopad 2000): 857–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-0237(00)00235-5.

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Negaard, Chere, i Michael van Fossen. "United Nations and other international organizations". Journal of Government Information 23, nr 5-6 (wrzesień 1996): 663–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-0237(96)00042-1.

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Negaard, Chere, i Michael Van Fossen. "United Nations and other International organizations". Journal of Government Information 24, nr 6 (listopad 1997): 573–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-0237(97)00057-9.

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Negaard, Chere, i Michael Van Fossen. "United Nations and other international organizations". Journal of Government Information 21, nr 6 (listopad 1994): 621–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-0237(94)90079-5.

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Negaard, Chere, i Michael Van Fossen. "United Nations and other international organizations". Journal of Government Information 22, nr 6 (listopad 1995): 595–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-0237(96)80838-0.

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Shaaban, Marian, i Vida Margaitis. "United Nations and Other International Organizations". Government Publications Review 12, nr 6 (listopad 1985): 619–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(85)90108-6.

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Shaaban, Marian, i Vida Margaitis. "United Nations and other international organizations". Government Publications Review 13, nr 6 (listopad 1986): 759–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(86)90074-9.

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Shaaban, Marian. "United Nations and other international organizations". Government Publications Review 14, nr 6 (styczeń 1987): 709–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(87)90010-0.

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Negaard, Chere, i Marian Shaaban. "United Nations and other international organizations". Government Publications Review 15, nr 6 (listopad 1988): 615–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(88)90086-6.

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Negaard, Chere, i Marian Shaaban. "United nations and other international organizations". Government Publications Review 16, nr 6 (listopad 1989): 627–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(89)90098-8.

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Negaard, Chere, i Marian Shaaban. "United Nations and other international organizations". Government Publications Review 17, nr 6 (listopad 1990): 589–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(90)90077-q.

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Negaard, Chere, i Laura Lee Carter. "United Nations and other international organizations". Government Publications Review 18, nr 6 (listopad 1991): 681–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(91)90172-t.

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Negaard, Chere, i Laura Lee Carter. "United Nations and other international organizations". Government Publications Review 19, nr 6 (listopad 1992): 655–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(92)90010-9.

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Negaard, Chere, i Michael Van Fossen. "United Nations and other international organizations". Government Publications Review 20, nr 6 (listopad 1993): 691–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(93)90083-2.

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Van Fossen, Michael, Paula P. Hinton i Beth L. Rowe. "United Nations and other international organizations". Journal of Government Information 30, nr 2-3 (styczeń 2004): 280–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgi.2003.12.006.

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Aziz, Maria, i Thomas A. DiDonna. "THE INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS ROLE IN GLOBAL HEALTH". International Journal of Advanced Research 8, nr 11 (30.11.2020): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12050.

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International government organizations with a global outreach are working on global health issues to achieve the objective of Health for All. The key actors in global health working on global health problems are the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (Johnson, Stotskopt, & Shi, 2018). These international organizations participate in generating and sharing knowledge, engage in advocacy,provide global funds for health efforts. Our paper will analyze the structure, goals, and processes of global health organizations, UNESCO and UNAIDS.

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Nurhartanto, Gregorius Sri. "THE FUNCTIONS AND IMPORTANCE OF REPRESENTATION OF STATES IN THEIR RELATIONS WITH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF A UNIVERSAL CHARACTER". Lampung Journal of International Law 4, nr 2 (14.10.2022): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2666.

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The development of International relations have rapidly since the signing of Westphalia Treaty in 1648. The relationship are not only between States but also by public international organizations (Inter Governmental Organizations). After the Second World War, the establishment of the United Nations and its Specialized Agencies and Other Organs has encouraged the intensive of international cooperation and the making of treaties as a source of international law. The United Nations and its Special Agencies and Other Organs is often called as an international organization of a universal character. Both States members and non-States members establish cooperation with this universal international organization. The existence of State representation in a universal international organization with a universal character is very important for strengthening the cooperation between States and international organizations.

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Mathias, Stephen. "Structural Challenges Facing International Organizations". International Community Law Review 17, nr 2 (8.05.2015): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341299.

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This article reflects upon the lessons which might be learned from the League of Nations. It highlights a number of the key differences between the League of Nations and the United Nations, with consideration given to the characteristics which shaped both institutions, and the impact which those aspects have had on their ability to fulfil their respective mandates. The article addresses issues including the composition of the institutions’ memberships, the role of sanctions, the roles of the respective Secretariats, and concludes with reflections on broader lessons which might be learned, drawing on the purposes and principles of the respective institutions. The importance of Article 2(4) of the Charter of the United Nations is emphasised, with recognition given to its central role in securing a peaceful society in which the Organization’s goal of bringing about social progress and better standards of life might be secured.

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Takooshian, Harold. "Psychological Science at the United Nations: Historical Trends". RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 17, nr 1 (15.12.2020): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-1-209-213.

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Since the United Nations was formed by 51 nations on June 26, 1945, psychology organizations were slow to register with the UN as nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the past 75 years. This essay briefly describes the four-stage history of psychology NGOs at the United Nations, which have grown far more active and coordinated since 2004.

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Douhan, Alena F. "United Nations and Regional Organizations: Complementarity v. Subsidiarity". Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 19, nr 1 (30.05.2016): 241–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757413-00190009.

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The United Nations organization was planned to be established as a single universal system of collective security. Major efforts were supposed to be taken by the UN Security Council. Regional organizations were introduced into the system as a subordinate subsidiary means – elements of the system. Over the course of the time it has, however, appeared that the UN Security Council was not able to act in the way prescribed by the UN Charter in suppressing newly emerged threats and challenges in the sphere of security. In the contrary, the role of regional organizations has increased substantially. They do the majority of tasks in the sphere of maintenance of international peace and security, often without authorization or even informing the UN Security Council, although the legality of some of these actions may be dubious. As a result, the Council itself transfers the accent in relations between the UN and regional organizations from subsidiarity to complementarity or even partnership. It is thus necessary to re-check the meaning of the concepts of complementarity and subsidiarity as well as the UN Charter provisions in the changed circumstances and to specify principles of the new system.

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POSNER, RICHARD A. "From the new institutional economics to organization economics: with applications to corporate governance, government agencies, and legal institutions". Journal of Institutional Economics 6, nr 1 (25.01.2010): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137409990270.

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Abstract:This paper applies the principles of organization economics (an offshoot of organization theory and a cousin of the New Institutional Economics) to a variety of organizations, mainly public ones. Organization economics seeks to understand and improve the ways in which organizations overcome agency costs, information costs, and other obstacles to efficiency. The private organization discussed in the paper is the modern publicly held (that is, dispersed ownership) business corporation, and the particular problem on which I focus is excessive executive compensation as a symptom of weaknesses in corporate governance. I then discuss two public organizations involved in national security – the US intelligence ‘community’ (a kind of mega-organization) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in its role as the nation's principal domestic intelligence service. Both exhibit significant dysfunction that organization economics can help us to understand and overcome. I then discuss two types of public organization that have been more successful in overcoming obstacles to organizational efficiency: the judiciary of common law nations, such as the United States, and the very differently structured judiciary of civil law nations, such as France, Germany, and Japan.

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Balsytė, Raimunda. "SNO ir jos specializuotų organizacijų depozitiniai fondai Tarybų Sąjungoje". Knygotyra 20, nr 13-2 (1.12.1987): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.1987.29987.

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In the beginning of the article the author analyses the depository stocks of the United Nations in the libraries which for some years were the depositories of this organization. A more detailed characteristics is given to the depository stocks of the United Nations and its specialized organizations, which are functioning in our country nowdays. The recommendations about a better development of these stocks are given in the article, too.

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Linsenmeyer, William S. "Foreign Nations, International Organizations, and Their Impact on Health Conditions in Nicaragua since 1979". International Journal of Health Services 19, nr 3 (lipiec 1989): 509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5fv4-w26a-adgt-kepb.

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In July 1979, a coalition of social forces in Nicaragua, under the leadership of the Sandinistas, toppled the discredited 43-year Somoza dictatorship. In addition to revolutionary Nicaragua's own substantial efforts, since 1979 international forces and developments have had profound impacts on the nation's ambitious social programs. This article investigates the impact of foreign nations and international organizations on Nicaragua's health conditions since 1979. Given or pledged assistance, for health and other social needs, has been forthcoming, for example, from Latin America, Western Europe, socialist countries, the United Nations, the Organization of American States, and the European Economic Community. International forces, however, have also had a negative impact on Nicaragua's health conditions. Since 1981, counter-revolutionary guerilla forces, known as contras, have fought the Nicaraguan government troops in a disastrous conflict, involving substantial international assistance for each side. The United States and several other nations have provided some form of aid to the contras. The war in Nicaragua has resulted in enormous human and material losses, and, of course, has adversely affected health conditions.

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Muharremi, Robert. "The Role of the United Nations and the European Union in the Privatization of Kosovo's Socially-Owned Enterprises". German Law Journal 14, nr 7 (1.07.2013): 889–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200002066.

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The privatization of Kosovo's socially owned property and enterprises differs significantly from privatization programs undertaken in other countries, especially in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe when they transitioned from communism to democracy and free market systems. What is unique about Kosovo's privatization program is that it was designed and implemented under the authority of the United Nations at a time when Kosovo was directly administered by the United Nations. It is perhaps so far the only privatization program that was initiated and implemented by the United Nations under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. Various other international organizations, such as the European Union, played a significant role in this process as part of their responsibilities in the administration of Kosovo. An obvious question is what the United Nations would have to do with privatization in the context of territorial administration under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter and if the United Nation's authority to administer Kosovo would include the authority to privatize property, the legal nature of which was unclear even when it was developed in former Yugoslavia. The discussion of these and other legal questions and controversies which are related to the privatization process in Kosovo are the main subject of this article, with a focus on the role of the United Nations and the European Union in this process.

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Haack, Kirsten, Margaret P. Karns i Jean-Pierre Murray. "The United Nations at Seventy-Five: Where Are the Women in The United Nations Now?" Ethics & International Affairs 34, nr 3 (2020): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089267942000043x.

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AbstractFollowing the unsuccessful attempt to get a woman appointed as UN secretary-general in 2016 and the drop in women in senior posts in 2015, it appeared that gender equality at the UN was as distant as ever. Yet, gender equality within the Secretariat and UN system has been on the organization's agenda since 1970, with goals and target dates set for the level of women's participation and achievement. These have been met in some issue areas (for example, in so-called feminine portfolios) and organizations, but not others. As part of the special issue on “The United Nations at Seventy-Five: Looking Back to Look Forward,” this essay traces the evolution of efforts to increase the representation of women in the UN system and takes stock of their current representation therein, analyzing the data on the Secretariat and appointments to senior posts as well as in various operations and programs.

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Holly, Daniel A. "Gestion de la décroissance et reproduction institutionnelle à I'ONUDI". Études internationales 27, nr 3 (12.04.2005): 501–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703627ar.

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This article explores the relationship between environmental changes and the reform process at the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). The basic question it seeks to answer is : how does an organization self-produce in conditions of intense environmental change ? International organizations, while carrying out their mission, are constantly called upon to take notice of changes in their environment and to make accordingly whatever adjustment is required. This adaptive process serves two main purposes : first, to facilitate the pursuit and attainment of the objectives of the organization and, second, to help the organization self-produce, for international organizations like any other social System self-produce through the action it exercises on it self. The reform process undertaken at UNIDO beginning in the late 80s clearly bears out that contention. It sheds light on the conditions and difficulties that surround the undergoing reform process at the United nations.

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Miscevic, Tanja. "Influence of decisions of some typical international organizations to the development of international law: The case of the united nations". Medjunarodni problemi 68, nr 4 (2016): 390–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1604390m.

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In the theory and practice of international law has long been present a debate on the ability of international organizations to influence the decisions in the process of creating international law. It is undisputed that the decisions of international organizations have an increasingly important position, but the debates about the law constituting role of these organizations in the contemporary international law are still alive. There is no consent, and certainly, the widest debates are provoked by the decisions of the international organization of a universal character - the United Nations. A key task of our research will be to analyze the decision-making practice within the United Nations and to determine, by the comparison of the different arguments of international law schools of thought, the impact that this organization has on the creation of international law. Also, we will try to investigate whether the decisions taken in the framework of international organizations carry within them a little more than ?moral and political force?, but also to check the achievements of the so-called soft law (soft law).

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Al-Muallem, Muhammad. "The League of Arab States and the United Nations: A reading in the relation between both sides from 2000-2020". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, nr 10-3 (1.10.2020): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi55.

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This article examines aspects and features of cooperation between the United Nations and the regional organization of the League of Arab States. The study analyzes the development of bilateral relations between organizations in the 21th century.

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Hajnal, Peter I. "The United Nations and other International Organizations: Sources of Information—A Selected List". International Journal of Legal Information 19, nr 2 (1991): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500007101.

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Peter I. Hajnal, the Government Publications Specialist at the University of Toronto and the author of many reference books and articles relating to the publications of international organizations, has compiled a list of 110 publications he believes to be currently the best, and most useful sources of information produced by international organizations in general and the United Nations and its specialized agencies in particular, as well as books written about such organizations and their publications.This list was originally prepared for the Conference on the United Nations: Law and Legal Research sponsored by and conducted at the Institute for Comparative and International Legal Research, Center for International Legal Studies, St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, Texas. At this important conference, which took place on February 20–22, 1991, a number of specialists discussed different aspects of the United Nations and described the publications, as well as other information activities, of the United Nations and its specialized agencies. Mr. Peter I. Hajnal spoke about United Nations publications. In conjunction with his lecture he distributed to the participants of the conference the excellent list reproduced below. The list is published with the kind permission of its author and Professor Robert L. Summers, Jr., the Director of Training at the Institute for Comparative and International Legal Research, St. Mary's University School of Law.

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Mathews-Schultz, A. Lanethea. "The Untold History of the United Nations, the US State Department, and Organized Interests in the Postwar Era". Social Science History 44, nr 2 (2020): 197–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2020.4.

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ABSTRACTIn 1945, a vast range of US civic organizations and other groups were mobilized into a state-sanctioned campaign on behalf of a new international governance structure: the United Nations. This was a novel collaboration, one that demonstrated the State Department’s acknowledgment of the value of civic activity and organized interests to securing foreign policy goals and that positioned US groups to assert an independent role in shaping the formal institutions of the United Nations. While scholars of American political development (APD) have tentatively embraced the notion that international institutions matter to American politics, past research on mid-twentieth century interests, conventionally focused on domestic business and trade associations, has underappreciated how and why the United Nations marked an important movement for interest development. Of particular significance, US voluntary and civic organizations were instrumental in securing a role for nongovernmental organizations in the UN Economic and Security Council, thereby further linking American and international politics and reshaping state-society relationships. In brief, this article argues that the State Department’s campaign to mobilize public support around the United Nations, as well as the creation of the United Nations, generated new incentives for the maintenance and mobilization of existing groups and subsidized the formation of new groups.

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José Chiappetta Jabbour, Charbel, Angelo Saturnino Neto, Wesley Ricardo Souza Freitas, Adriano Alves Teixeira i Erik Januario da Silva. "Organizations and the United Nations Millennium Development Goals". Humanomics 28, nr 1 (17.02.2012): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08288661211200979.

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Zhu, Jenny. "Efforts Made by International Organizations in Facing Challenges to International Governance--Regulating Armed Conflict by the United Nations and Regional Organizations". Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 44, nr 1 (18.04.2024): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/44/20230081.

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This paper will discuss the challenges that international organizations face in global governance. The contents will be divided into three parts. The first part will define global governance, and then explain the challenges that scholars believe will be faced in realizing global governance. The second part will introduce international organizations, divided into the United Nations and regional organizations, and will focus on the various organizations of the United Nations. Finally, the third part will analyze the Syrian civil war in combination with the previous part. The content of this article will focus on intervention in armed conflict.

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Darmayadi, Andrias, Aelina Surya i Januario Rangel Soares. "THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN HANDLING THE HUMANITARIAN CRISIS AS A IMPACT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR". Proceeding of International Conference on Business, Economics, Social Sciences, and Humanities 7 (27.06.2024): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/icobest.v7i.543.

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This research aims to explain the role of international organizations, especially in the humanitarian sector, as an effort to handle the humanitarian crisis that occurred as a result of the Russia-Ukraine war. If a country is no longer able to protect its citizens, then international organizations, especially those involved in handling humanitarian problems, are present. The vision and mission of this international organization is to protect those who have lost their rights. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, this method is used by the author to answer research questions that require explanation and understanding of a social event. The type of research used is descriptive which of course will describe the role of international organizations in efforts to handle the humanitarian crisis that occurred as a result of the Russia – Ukraine war. This research is also guided by the theory of the Human Security concept. The prolonged conflict in Ukraine is one of the factors causing the humanitarian crisis. The conclusion from this research is that international organizations such as the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) have succeeded in providing assistance in handling The crisis occurred primarily in Ukraine through its humanitarian aid program .

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Pasternak, Igor, Andrii Krap, Lesya Yastrubetska, Dymytrii Grytsyshen i Larysa Sergiienko. "The Role and Influence of International Organizations in Shaping and Maintaining International Legal Order and Global General and Financial Security". Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, nr 12 (5.12.2023): e2363. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i12.2363.

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Objective: This article delves into the functions and distinctive features of major international organizations, with a primary focus on the United Nations (UN), European Union (EU), Council of Europe (CoE), Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and World Trade Organization (WTO). It provides a clear definition of international organizations as voluntary associations among states with specific objectives while examining the factors contributing to their formation. Methods: The study employs a range of research methods, including a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, statistical comparisons to elucidate key concepts like "legal order," "international legal order," "international security," and "global security." It employs a historical perspective to trace the evolution of international organizations and utilizes generalization and diagnostic methods to offer practical recommendations and conclusions. Results: Global security concerns encompass various domains such as public health, environmental sustainability, energy security, and more. This article underscores the distinction between "international security" and "global security," emphasizing the latter's more encompassing scope. Furthermore, it highlights the central role played by the United Nations (UN) in preserving global peace, nurturing friendly relations among nations, promoting international cooperation, and serving as a platform for harmonizing diverse national actions. Conclusions: International organizations, most notably the UN, assume a pivotal role in upholding the international legal order and safeguarding global security against the backdrop of dynamically evolving challenges and threats.

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Kwon, Gi-Heon. "The Declining Role of Western Powers in International Organizations: Exploring a New Model of U.N. Burden Sharing". Journal of Public Policy 15, nr 1 (styczeń 1995): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00007728.

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ABSTRACTCollective-action theory suggests that a country's economic size determines its contribution to international organizations, with large economies paying a disproportionate percentage of their GNP for maintenance of these organizations. This paper argues against this reigning paradigm, finding that it fails to predict current contribution patterns in the United Nations (UN). Instead, the paper offers a more elaborate model of burden sharing that takes into account the domestic political setting and international setting that helps determine a nation's contribution to international organizations.

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Wang, Yihan. "The UN Security Council's Mandate and Its Future Development: An Analysis Based on Law Governing International Organizations". Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 10, nr 1 (14.09.2023): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/10/20230335.

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After the Second World War, the world adhered to an international order embodied by the United Nations, which regulated interstate disputes, upheld peace, and encouraged international cooperation in areas like economic development, justice, children's welfare, and food security. One of the most important United Nations bodies is the Security Council, which has the authority to propose binding resolutions to uphold international peace and security. Some contend that the current United Nations model has only played a minimal and limited role, despite the fact that the United Nations was initially founded to achieve long-lasting global peace through cooperation. Their concerns include the legality of Council resolutions, the abuse of the veto, and its unfair consequences, among other things. The normative analysis of United Nations conventions and some Security Council regulatory documents is the primary method used to discuss both of these problems in this article. The paper makes the argument that even though the Security Council has been "paralyzed" for a while in incidents like the Russia-Ukraine conflict, it has at least given countries the opportunity for negotiation and has significantly contributed to ensuring the most stable possible international social order. In order to accomplish the objective of maintaining global security and peace, reform may lead to the Council's jurisdiction being further expanded or the duties of the other United Nations bodies being increased.

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Barnett, Michael. "Partners in peace? The UN, regional organizations, and peace-keeping". Review of International Studies 21, nr 4 (październik 1995): 411–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050011798x.

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Living in the shadow of the United Nations and paralysed by the superpowers for much of the post-World War II period, few regional organizations have lived a celebrated life. Few issues proved as divisive and contentious at the drafting of the United Nations Charter as the UN's future relationship to regional organizations. If some at San Francisco believed that the future global organization might be assisted by several regional pillars, the ‘Wilsonian tendency to identify regionalism with war-breeding competitive alliances survived’, and most who were present at the creation were determined to ensure that the future global organization had seniority and superiority over any present or future regional organization. Although Chapter VIII of the UN Charter did stake out a potential role for regional organizations, including the possibility that they might prevent conflicts from being referred to the Security Council, the language adopted reflected the contentious and unresolved nature of the proceedings: ‘The Security Council shall encourage the development of pacific settlements of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies either on the initiative of the states concerned or by reference from the Security Council.’ The subsequent forty-five years suggests that the UN found only limited use for regional organizations.

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Nahata, Milap C. "Status of Child Health Worldwide". Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, nr 4 (kwiecień 1992): 559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600420.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to summarize some of the facts about child health and goals of international health organizations. DATA SOURCES: The sources included the publications of World Health Organization's (WHO), United Nations Children Fund, and United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organizations; and journal articles. DATA EXTRACTION: Data on areas related to child health were obtained from various publications. DATA SYNTHESIS: Although childhood mortality continues to fall worldwide, nearly 14 million children under five years of age still die annually in developing countries. Diarrhea, measles, tetanus, pertussis, pneumonia, and malnutrition are preventable and treatable and yet account for the majority of deaths. AIDS has begun to substantially affect the pediatric population. It is encouraging that the WHO's goal to immunize 80 percent of all children in the developing world has been met. The World Summit for Children, in consultation with governments of 159 countries, and the agencies of the United Nations, has adopted new goals to be attained by the year 2000. CONCLUSIONS: It is hoped that governmental and nongovernmental agencies will embrace these goals and formulate plans to markedly reduce childhood morbidity and mortality.

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Diehl, Paul F., i Michael J. Montgomery. "An Assessment of Simulations on an : International Organization". News for Teachers of Political Science 47 (1985): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0197901900003251.

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Simulation is an increasingly popular pedagogical device; much of the recent literature on the theory and practice of political science instruction attests to this. Probably the most popular simulation device is called model United Nations. In recent articles in Teaching Political Science and NEWS for Teachers of Political Science, William Hazelton and James Jacob have described Model United Nations in glowing terms, focusing on one particular conference and completely ignoring the rest of the 200 or more conferences held annually across the United States.Like Jacob and Hazelton, we recognize the great potential value of United Nations simulations in trying to illuminate the often confusing politics of international organizations. As former participants and directors of these programs, however, we are keenly aware of the shortcomings and difficulties associated with the existing structure of model U.N. programs.

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Arsanjani, Mahnoush H. "The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court". American Journal of International Law 93, nr 1 (styczeń 1999): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2997954.

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The United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court (ICC) took place in Rome at the headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization from June 15 to July 17, 1998. The participants numbered 160 states, thirty-three intergovernmental organizations and a coalition of 236 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The conference concluded by adopting the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court by a nonrecorded vote of 120 in favor, 7 against and 21 abstentions. The United States elected to indicate publicly that it had voted against the statute. France, the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation supported the statute.

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Lundgren, Magnus. "Causal mechanisms in civil war mediation: Evidence from Syria". European Journal of International Relations 26, nr 1 (20.06.2019): 209–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066119856084.

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Studies of conflict management by international organizations have demonstrated correlations between institutional characteristics and outcomes, but questions remain as to whether these correlations have causal properties. To examine how institutional characteristics condition the nature of international organization interventions, I examine mediation and ceasefire monitoring by the Arab League and the United Nations during the first phase of the Syrian civil war (2011–2012). Using micro-evidence sourced from unique interview material, day-to-day fatality statistics, and international organization documentation, I detail causal pathways from organizational characteristics, via intervention strategies, to intervention outcomes. I find that both international organizations relied on comparable intervention strategies. While mediating, they counseled on the costs of conflict, provided coordination points, and managed the bargaining context so as to sideline spoilers and generate leverage. While monitoring, they verified violent events, engaged in reassurance patrols, and brokered local truces. The execution of these strategies was conditioned on organizational capabilities and member state preferences in ways that help explain both variation in short-term conflict abatement and the long-term failure of both international organizations. In contrast to the Arab League, the United Nations intervention, supported by more expansive resources and expertise, temporarily shifted conflict parties away from a violent equilibrium. Both organizations ultimately failed as disunity among international organization member state principals cut interventions short and reduced the credibility of international organization mediators.

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Henquet, Thomas. "The Jurisdictional Immunity of International Organizations in the Netherlands and the View from Strasbourg". International Organizations Law Review 10, nr 2 (20.06.2014): 538–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01002015.

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International organizations are regularly sued before the Dutch courts. This should come as no surprise, since the Netherlands hosts no fewer than 33 of such organizations. While major cases date back to the landmark judgment in the Spaans v. Iran-United States Claims Tribunal case, the recent case of Stichting Mothers of Srebrenica et al. v. United Nations brought to the fore important unresolved issues which relate to the perceived conflicting obligations of states. On the one hand, States must accord immunity to international organizations; on the other, they must provide claimants with access to justice. Complicating circumstances in the Srebrenica case were the operation of the priority rule under Article 103 of the United Nations Charter, and the lack of alternative remedies against the United Nations. This paper highlights these unresolved issues, and considers how the courts interpret and apply the ‘functional immunity’ test. It then examines how to resolve the perceived tension between the obligations of states to accord immunity and to grant access to justice.

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Oxnorovich, Berdiev Bektosh. "COOPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN RAISING THE INTERNATIONAL IMAGE OF THE COUNTRY". American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 04, nr 03 (1.03.2022): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume04issue03-08.

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Membership in the most influential international organizations in the world, contributing to the improvement and development of their activities, decision-making by organizations and participation in the implementation of certain programs serve as the basis for increasing the prestige of any country in the international arena. It should be noted that today Uzbekistan has made great strides in this direction and is recognized by the world community. In particular, the recent reforms and initiatives of Uzbekistan to develop relations with the United Nations, one of the most influential organizations in the world, deserve recognition. The article describes Uzbekistan's current foreign and international policy and relations with the United Nations and its affiliates.

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Kryvak, Tetyana. "THE UNITED NATIONS IN THE MODERN WORLD AND ISSUES OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN ITS ACTIVITIES". Criminalistics and Forensics, nr 67 (9.08.2022): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.11.

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The role of forensic science and the work of an expert in the activities of the United Nations is considered. The author analyzes the main and most popular areas of involvement of forensic experts, the requirements for their qualifications, as well as guarantees for the protection of their activities. It is noted that the United Nations is increasingly emphasizing the importance of further increasing the role of forensic science in the administration of criminal justice and the need to further develop the international relations of forensic institutions in the world. It is concluded that the considered United Nations approaches to the issues of forensic examination and examples of the use of forensic expertise in the activities of this Organization and the participating States in the implementation of the provisions of the United Nations Charter and international treaties are not exhaustive. Every year the need for forensic experts at the level of the United Nations and other international organizations is increasing, including the need for specialists in new areas of forensic research. In addition, the requirements and standards for forensic experts are being tightened, taking into account the challenges of the time and realities, their methods of work are being improved, the principles of international cooperation are changing, which, in turn, will indicate an improvement in the quality of forensic activities in general. Key words: forensic examination, forensic and expert field, United Nations.

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Szasz, Paul C. "The United Nations Legislates to Limit its Liability". American Journal of International Law 81, nr 3 (lipiec 1987): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202029.

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By now everyone in the United States, certainly every lawyer, must be conscious of the tort liability crisis and the consequent liability insurance crisis. Private individuals, businesses, not-for-profit enterprises and even governmental units, from school boards to the federal Government, are finding that the damages they have to pay or their insurance costs are skyrocketing, sometimes catastrophically or even cripplingly; as a result, worthwhile events must be canceled and valuable facilities are idled. Although it may be thought that these mundane concerns cannot affect an international organization—even one, like the United Nations, based in the United States—that surely it can shelter itself with its immunity, this unfortunately is not so. Although the United Nations, like other intergovernmental organizations, does enjoy full jurisdictional immunity, based generally upon its Charter but more specifically on international treaties and even national legislation, there is somewhat less to this protection than meets the uninformed eye. Since their member states expect the organizations they establish to be good international citizens, they have prohibited them from hiding behind their functional immunity for the purpose of evading either contractor tort-related responsibilities. Indeed, they may only use their immunity in order to avoid litigation in a national court or some other inappropriate forum; but if they cannot resolve a dispute, for example with a tort claimant, they must offer some other suitable means of settling the matter, such as by arbitration.

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Vlassis, Antonios, i Christiaan De Beukelaer. "The creative economy as a versatile policy script: exploring the role of competing intergovernmental organizations". Media, Culture & Society 41, nr 4 (20.11.2018): 502–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718810913.

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Since the early 2000s, several intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) have advanced the idea that the creative economy could be a ‘feasible development option’. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) took the lead by preparing the 2008 and 2010 Creative Economy Reports, whereas the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and UNDP executed the 2013 report. The article – based on an actor-centred institutionalism – explores the role IGOs have played in the promulgation of the ‘creative economy’ policy agenda. Through a socio-political analysis, we reveal how IGOs act and interact with each other vis-à-vis ‘creative economy’ policy agenda making. On one hand, the article seeks to highlight why and how IGOs include the creative economy within their priorities and use the concept, influence or challenge its orientations. On the other hand, it aims to examine their ability to act in common in order to globalize the ‘creative economy’ policy agenda and create new forms of cultural industries governance.

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Pulungan, Eska Dwipayana. "International Organizations Intervention In The Syrian Conflict Through Chemical Weapons Violation". PERSPEKTIF 12, nr 4 (9.10.2023): 1088–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v12i4.8946.

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This paper aims to answer why chemical weapons such as Sarin and Chlorine are used as a primary basis of International Organizations to carry out the humanitarian intervention in the Syrian conflict. In this case, the humanitarian approach related to freedom from fear echoed by Galtung further elaborated with International Organizations Theory. Based on an investigation conducted by an International Organization, namely, the United Nations, found not only Bashar Al-Assad's regime used chemical weapons but also the opposition. However, the scale and intensity of their use were different. Instead of targeting the enemy using chemical weapons, the primarily affected victims are civilians who indicated support the opposition and vice versa. International organizations then tried to negotiate with Assad's regime, the often party uses chemical weapons, and also the opposition to avoid using chemical weapons. Next followed by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, which opened humanitarian diplomacy with Assad's regime and the opposition to stop using chemical weapons. Cooperation between the United Nations and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons has successfully suppressed chemical weapons use by imposing international sanctions. However, sometimes the vetoes of allies allied with the Assad regime have the effect to imposing sanction on Assad's regime.

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