Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Unions”
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1
Thornthwaite, Louise. "A Half-hearted Courtship: Unions, Female Members and Discrimination Complaints". Journal of Industrial Relations 34, nr 4 (grudzień 1992): 509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569203400401.
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Research suggests that since the 1970s, while union membership has been declining in Australia, trade unions have become more supportive of women workers and their specific concerns. This change of heart has been assessed largely in terms of union policy positions and union representation of particular issues. Anti-discrimination and equal opportunity laws have emerged during the same period as this observed change of heart has taken place. It may be hypothesized that, if unions have indeed altered their approach towards gender-based concerns in recent years, women workers will be seeking union assistance with gender-specific grievances such as discrimination complaints. This paper examines why women workers who belong to male-dominated unions are not seeking their union's support with discrimination grievances, suggesting that the extent of change in women's relationships with unions may have been limited.
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Kiyak, Deimena, i Laura Paulionienė. "Activity evaluation of Lithuania credit unions". Buhalterinės apskaitos teorija ir praktika, nr 15A (9.07.2014): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/batp.2014.15a.10.
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The bank of Lithuania in its supervisory functions evaluates how credit unions carries out the prudential norms (capital adequacy, liquidity, maximum open position in foreign currency, the maximum loan amount per borrower, large loan requirements), examine the overall financial condition of the credit union, is watching whether the credit union's activities comply with laws, regulations, statutes and internal union document requirements. However, the steady growth of the credit union's capital, loan number and size of credit unions operating regulations limiting still does not measure the credit union's business risk profile and operational efficiency, protect against failures, errors or loss. The analysis of scientific literature also shows that there is no unanimous and undisputed methodology for enterprises performance evaluation. Moreover, there is no company's evaluation models adapted to specifically interested persons group and one to of the financial institutions, i.e. credit unions. Therefore, performance evaluation of credit union and prediction research of their financial parameters in this area is valuable, relevant and new, in both theoretical and practical terms. The aim - to perform Lithuanian credit unions comparative performance evaluation. The scientific literature suggests that credit unions' assessment can be carried out both traditional (dynamics, structure, relative indicators, business continuity) and the innovative modern methods. It should be emphasized that the evaluation of the activities is individual for each business enterprise, because it depends on many factors, such as: object of assessment, the assessment purpose; the assessment period; assessment of the required information and the availability of data, the evaluation period, the users of evaluation results and other. It should be noted that the main users of credit unions performance assessment results are the owners (partners), creditors and future owners and lenders and borrowers. According to the Securities stock exchange NASDAQ OMX Vilnius (2010) proposed financial ratios calculation methodology were calculated and compared 76 credit unions operating in Lithuania profitability, efficiency, and financial leverage ratios. By using linear and exponential trend methodology analysed the mean trends of Lithuanian credit unions key performance indicators. It should be noted that setup of complex financial indicators, tailored specifically to the financial institution with the opportunity to compare it with other relevant authorities of the credit unions' assessment and performance expected.
3
Delaney, John T., Paul Jarley i Jack Fiorito. "Planning for Change: Determinants of Innovation in U.S. National Unions". ILR Review 49, nr 4 (lipiec 1996): 597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900402.
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Although it is commonly argued that unions need to innovate in order to grow and achieve success, little is known about the characteristics of unions that facilitate or hinder innovation. The authors of this study develop a model of union innovation and test it using data collected from many sources, including a 1990 survey of 275 officials and staff members from 111 American national unions. The results suggest that certain union characteristics, such as environmental monitoring (systematic monitoring by the union of developments that could affect it) and rationalization (good structuring and management of administrative activities), are positively associated with innovative behavior. In addition, there is a positive relationship between innovation and the heterogeneity of a union's members.
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Chernozhukov, Aleksey S. "The activity of the Union of Unions in the period of the Russian Revolution of 1905". Vestnik of Kostroma State University, nr 4 (2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-4-37-40.
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The article deals with the activities of the Union of Unions during the Russian revolutionary unrest in 1905-1907. The author focuses on the fact that the organisation consisted of united various socio-political unions and was aimed at the fighting for the convocation of the Constituent Assembly and for universal suffrage. The main attention in the article is paid to the decisions of the delegate congresses of the Union, which took place during 1905-1906. The association was headed by Pavel Milyukov, who had always regarded the Union as a prototype of the future party of constitutional democrats. The author gives a generalised description of the Union’s initiatives to boycott the elections to the first State Duma, to participate in the all-Russia political strike and the December armed uprising in the fall of 1905. The article traces the difficult relationship of zemstvos and the Union of Unions, which failed to determine its position in relation to them. As a result, the author makes a conclusion that during the recession of the revolution, the Union of Unions ceased to carry out active work and gradually disintegrated, it had failed to find its place among revolutionary organisations.
5
Lee, Bill, i Catherine Cassell. "Learning to count: a challenge facing trade unions in their educational role". International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 31, nr 5/6 (21.06.2011): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443331111141273.
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PurposeThe purposes of this paper are to explain how the need arose for trade unions to develop accounting systems to monitor learning outcomes and to illuminate how trade unions rose to that challenge.Design/methodology/approachA semi‐structured interview study of the full‐time educational officers of a number of the UK trade unions produced transcripts that were analysed using template analysis and were supplemented by collection of documentary evidence from the trade unions and interviews and documents from related organizations.FindingsTrade unions are starting to compile extensive information about the learning opportunities that they are facilitating.Practical implicationsInformation produced by the trade union's accounting systems highlights the value of the government's investment in the union learning fund (ULF).Originality/valueThis is the only study to address the systems of monitoring developed by trade unions in response to the receipt of funds from the ULF in the UK.
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Bishara, Dina. "Legacy Trade Unions as Brokers of Democratization? Lessons from Tunisia". Comparative Politics 52, nr 2 (1.01.2020): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5129/001041520x15657305839654.
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The Tunisian General Labor Union (UGTT) emerged as a major player in the country's transition from authoritarianism. Existing explanations - focusing on authoritarian legacies, the degree of trade union autonomy from the state, and labor's material incentives to support democratization - do not sufficiently account for the high-profile nature of the union's political role in Tunisia's transition. Instead, as this article argues, the importance of unions' pre-authoritarian legacy is key to understanding the role of unions in the transition from authoritarian rule. If unions enter the regime formation stage with a history of political struggle and with strong organizational capacities, they are more likely to develop a degree of internal autonomy that makes it difficult for authoritarian incumbents to disempower them. The article employs a historical institutional approach and draws on fieldwork and interviews with labor activists in Tunisia.
7
Panov, A. I. "THE MONOGRAPH ABOUT TRANSPORT TRADE UNIONS". World of Transport and Transportation 15, nr 1 (28.02.2017): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-1-27.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].REVIEW OF THE BOOK: Zubkov, S. A., Krainov, G.N. Transport unions as part of the international trade union movement. Monograph. Moscow, INFRA-M publ., 2017, 297 p. ABSTRACT The book, published in the series «Scientific Thought», is devoted to the study of transport unions as components of the international trade union movement. The authors draw attention to the history, current state and problems of the international trade union movement, t h e processes of globalization, cooperation and coordination of the actions of international transport unions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the trade union movement in rail transport, the participation of the Russian trade union of railway workers and transport builders in the international trade union movement. Keywords: trade union, transport unions, international trade union movement, International Confederation of Trade Unions (ITUC), World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), International Workers’ Association (IWA), Global Federation of Trade Unions (GUF), International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITWF), International Committee of Transport Workers’ Propaganda (ICTWP), Profintern, International Confederation of Trade Unions of Railway Workers and Transport Builders (ICRW), Russian Union of Railway Workers and Transport Builders (ROSPROFZHEL).
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Addo-Nkrumah, Betty K. "Effectiveness of Staff Union’s Participation in Decision-Making at the University of Cape Coast". Journal of Educational Management 10, nr 1 (1.11.2019): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/jem.v10i.1424.
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This study examines the Effectiveness of the Stajf Union’s Participation in Decision Making at the University of Cape Coast (UCC) using descriptive survey design. The population for the study consisted of Ghana Association of University Administrators (GA UA), University Teachers* Association of Ghana (UTAG), Senior Staff Association (SSA) and Tertiary Education Workers’ Union (TEWU) members. Census technique was used to select all the staff unions at UCC while proportional stratified sampling method was used to select one hundred and fifteen (115) respondents from the unions. William Kahn’s Theory of Employee Engagement was used as the theoretical basis for the study. Data were obtained using self-structured questionnaire and analysed using frequency and percentages. Results reveal that employee unions' participation in decision-making is less organised, union executives exercise control over union decisions and management is unwilling to share decision-making with employees. Additionally, management is identified as an authoritarian imposing decision on unions. Finally, management sees employees as antagonists because of the fear of the unknown on the part of employees. Consequently, the study recommends that the management of the University should interact with employees to deliberate on issues in the organisation and develop a policy to ensure all staff sentiments and opinions are subject to merit.
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Gattiker, Urs E., i Dan Paulson. "Unions and New Office Technology". Articles 54, nr 2 (12.04.2005): 245–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/051234ar.
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To explain white-collar workers' expectations about what unions should do when technological change occurs in the workplace, two attitude scales were used. The data indicate that the industries in which employees works as well as their perception about whether computerized technology makes their job rewarding or creates de-skilling are all significant predictors of their attitude regarding a union's decision to accept or resist technological change. Income, hierarchical level, industry, job task, whether the computerized technology makes the job interesting, and whether the computerized technology is required to perform the job are significant predictors of an employee's attitude regarding a union's function to assist an employee to adapt to technological change. Non-union members and managers, in contrast to union members, appear to be concerned primarily about (1) bread-and-butter issues (e.g., wages, benefits, job security) and (2) quality of work issues (e.g., skills, training, and safety) and, therefore, somewhat less likely to feel positive about a union that accepts and helps workers adapt to new office technology.
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Bezvin, O. S. "TRADE UNIONS AS AN INTEGRAL ELEMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE". Legal horizons, nr 19 (2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i19.p13.
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The article deals with the trade unions as a grant to protect the rights and interests of civil servants, reveals the main tasks of trade unions. The activity of trade union organizations in the structure of the state body in Ukraine is analyzed. The legal mechanisms of asserting the violated rights of a civil servant by a trade union organization of a public body and the role of trade unions in protecting the rights of civil servants in developed countries are emphasized. The state at certain times gave the trade unions great powers to protect the rights and interests of workers, and then deprived the trade unions of these powers. In connection with this, various problems arose in regulating the activities of trade unions in the protection of individual and collective rights and interests in the protection of public servants. All this affected the legal status of trade unions. However, it should be noted that trade unions are in constant flux and this leads to improvements in the regulations governing their activities. However, it should be noted that today there are many problems in Ukraine regarding the exercise by the trade union organizations of their powers in the civil service. In particular, the legal status of trade unions in the civil service is not regulated enough, which, in turn, does not allow them to fully protect the legal rights and interests of civil servants. Considering the importance of trade unions in protecting labor rights and the socio-economic interests of workers, in developing democratic forms of citizen participation in managing economic and political processes, a democratic, legal, and social state, which is Ukraine, should support trade unions and take care of legislative consolidation. their authority. Trade unions at all levels should once again return to the consideration of their core functions and pay attention to those that will now be more conducive to the achievement of the main objective of the creation and activity of trade unions – the protection of social-labor rights and interests of trade union members. Today’s Ukraine needs strong unions. A strong union is a union that effectively protects the interests of its members, enjoys their trust and support, is able to organize, if necessary, collective action to protect the socio-economic rights and interests of employees, has sufficient organizational, financial, and human resources to fulfill its statutory tasks. Keywords: trade union organization, protection, rights, the role of trade unions, legal mechanisms.
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Jasevičienė, Filomena, Vytautas Kėdaitis i Simona Vidzbelytė. "CREDIT UNIONS’ ACTIVITY AND FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF THEM IN LITHUANIA". Ekonomika 93, nr 1 (1.01.2014): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2014.0.3018.
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Abstract. In the recent years, the role of credit unions in the financial sector of Lithuania has gradually become more significant. The number of credit unions grew together with their assets, number of members, and deposits. The beginning of a rapid process of credit unions’ establishment and development caused unmeasured risks which led to a suspended activity of several credit unions in 2013. This caused an insignificant migration of credit unions’ shareholders (members) from one union to another, retirements, etc. Although residents haven’t lost the confidence, this fact demands to investigate and analyse the factors determining the choice of a credit union. After a survey of credit union members in Lithuania, the factors most significant for shareholders were determined. Also, the factors least significant for the choice of a credit union were determined, and conclusions and recommendations for managers of credit unions were given. Conclusions and recommendations can help the management to choose the strategy which would result in a higher level of new members’ involvement in the union.Key words: credit union, credit union members, credit union performance, factor analysis, criteria of choice
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Barbeau, Elizabeth M., Roberta Goldman, Cora Roelofs, Joshua Gagne, Elizabeth Harden, Kathleen Conlan, Anne Stoddard i Glorian Sorensen. "A New Channel for Health Promotion: Building Trade Unions". American Journal of Health Promotion 19, nr 4 (marzec 2005): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-19.4.297.
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Purpose. Labor unions are a largely unevaluated channel for health promotion interventions for working class populations, who are at increased risk for smoking and poor diet. We conducted qualitative and quantitative research to understand the meaning and function of union membership in workers' lives and applied this information to health promotion intervention design. Methods. Cross-sectional data included a survey conducted with a nationally representative sample of unionized construction workers (n = 1109; 44% response rate), and 16 focus groups (n = 88) conducted in multiple regions around the country. Results. The vast majority of survey respondents held strongly positive views of their union. Focus group findings revealed the meaning of the union in members' daily lives, how members view information from the union, and their perceptions of the union's limitations. Conclusions. The findings provide a compelling rationale for considering unions as a channel for health promotion interventions.
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Yao, Yao, i Morley Gunderson. "Do local union strategies explain the (unexpected) union pay premium in China?" International Journal of Manpower 42, nr 6 (20.01.2021): 1124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-03-2020-0084.
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PurposeThe authors investigate the extent to which differences in provincial union legislation have impacts on the union earnings premium.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis of provincial union regulations of 25 provinces is conducted to create two indices: one reflecting the degree of stringency of the local requirement that unions be established in a timely fashion and the other reflecting requirements for employers to negotiate wages with the union. The authors use individual level data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) of 2010 to estimate the union earnings premium.FindingsThe authors find that unionised workers in China receive an earnings premium ranging from 6.4 to 9.6%, which is in range of other studies (but not all) for China that tend to find a (perhaps surprising) union wage premium in spite of the fact that unions tend to be “company unions” designed to foster stability and growth and to serve as a transmission belt for the wishes of the Party rather than bargaining for the benefit of their members. The authors also find that provincial requirements to establish unions in a timely fashion enhance the impact of unions on the earnings of their members, but provincial requirements to negotiate wages dampen the effect of unions on the earnings of their members. Reasons for these results are discussed.Originality/valueDespite this lack of independence of the Chinese unions, research continuously finds that Chinese unions have effects that are surprisingly similar to those of unions in Western countries. This paper drills deeper into the underlying mechanisms to see if local union strategies, exemplified by provincial union legislation, can explain the unexpected union effects on compensation. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to do so. Moreover, the authors use individual-level data in contrast to most studies on China that use firm or provincial level aggregate data.
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Moll, P. G. "Black South African Unions: Relative Wage Effects in International Perspective". ILR Review 46, nr 2 (styczeń 1993): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399304600203.
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Despite the disenfranchisement of blacks in South Africa, the state's refusal to officially recognize black unions until 1980, and police repression of the union movement, this analysis of data for 1985 shows that black unions in South Africa had by that year made wage gains similar to those of unions in more developed countries. The union effect on wages for black blue-collar workers was 24%, which is in the range of effects found in studies of U.S. unions and above the range of effects found for European unions. Another finding is that black unions compressed wages across skill levels, an effect probably owing to black unions' primary emphasis on improving the lot of unskilled workers.
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Jones, Derek C. "Successor Unions in Transitional Economies: Evidence from St. Petersburg". ILR Review 49, nr 1 (październik 1995): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399504900103.
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This study of successor unions to the official unions in the former USSR, which uses data from 1992–93 field work and surveys of union leaders, demonstrates that, contrary to the claims of some observers, successor unions are capable of reform. Compared to the old unions, the successor unions examined in this study were more decentralized and democratic, placed more emphasis on job-related concerns, and had leaders with more varied profiles and compensation. The author finds no relationship between leaders' membership in the Communist Party and either their political beliefs or the probability of their being newly elected leaders. Union membership was far higher in successor unions than in the new, alternative unions. Tempering these indications of reformation, however, is some evidence of institutional inertia and persistence of privilege in the successor unions.
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Dai, Luote, i Shengyu Gu. "Barriers to Trade Union Participation among Rural Migrant Workers in China: An Analysis of Labor Disputes, Employment Characteristics, and Socio-Demographic Factors". South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics 21, nr 8 (24.07.2024): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2024/v21i8863.
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This study aims to understand the potential for migrant workers to join trade unions by analyzing labor disputes, employment characteristics, and socio-demographic factors. Utilizing data from a survey of 823 migrant workers conducted in Shanghai and nine other cities in China, this research examines both the associational (organizational membership) and behavioral (activity participation) aspects of trade union participation. The results indicate that rural migrant workers exhibit a low level of union participation, contrary to expectations based on their labor market position and the recruitment efforts by Chinese unions. Three primary barriers to union participation were identified: (1) migrant workers in state-owned firms are significantly more likely to participate in unions compared to those in private firms, where union presence is weaker; (2) occupational and employment status discrimination within workplaces hinders rural migrant workers from joining unions; and (3) trust in trade unions is relatively low among Chinese migrant workers, likely due to the close relationship between unions and the government, which may undermine union legitimacy and impede worker engagement. These findings highlight the systemic challenges that rural migrant workers face in engaging with trade unions in China.
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Jung In, Kim. "The Role of Public-Sector Unions During Privatization". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 25, nr 3 (31.12.2010): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps25302.
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This paper reviews the historical and institutional backgrounds of public- and private-sector unions, internal and external trends involving public-sector unions, union representation in the public sector, union affiliation with citizens, and the relationship between privatization and public unions. Using these characteristics to reflect on the fundamental rationale of public-sector unions as the negotiators for public employees and as the promoters of political affiliation with citizens, the nature of the labor-management relationship emerges as a key factor in determining the effectiveness of unions in these roles.
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Davis, Aiark. "Is Bigger Better? Union Size and Expenditure on Members". Journal of Industrial Relations 41, nr 1 (marzec 1999): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569904100101.
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From the late 1980s to the mid-1990s Australian trade unions engaged in a series of amalgamations. One of the main rationales for these mergers was that larger unions would benefit from economies of scale. But this proposition has been contested in debates sparked by the Australian union amalgamation round. Research literature on union mergers and the economics of union administration is reviewed to identify factors affecting the costs incurred by unions in servicing their membership. Multivariate allalysis of data from a sample of thirty-four Australian unions suggests that larger unions incur lower costs in servicing their members when other factors thought to affect union cost structures are held constant. But methodological and conceptual issues meau that the findings do not provide unambiguous evidence for the existence of economies of scale.
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Johnson, Nancy Brown, i Paul Jarley. "Unions as social capital: the impact of trade union youth programmes on young workers' political and community engagement". Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 11, nr 4 (listopad 2005): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890501100409.
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Jarley (2005) recently proposed a model of social capital unionism that contends that unions should strive to recreate the dense communities of the past by systematically creating social networks among workers. Underlying this approach is the notion that sustained personal contacts with members are necessary to generate the generalised reciprocity norms that mobilise workers in times of need and sustain unions in periods of relative calm. This paper describes one union's attempt at social capital building among their young members. We also report on survey results that suggest that building social capital is challenging but potentially rewarding as dense social networks are correlated with union knowledge which in turn is correlated with increased union participation as well as community and political engagement.
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Jit, Ravinder. "Challenges of Trade Union Movement in India". Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 8, nr 2 (28.02.2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2016/7656.
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The trade union movement in India is facing many challenges. The finances of the unions are generally in a bad shape. Multiplicity of unions and inter-union rivalry makes it difficult to take a constructive approach to problems and issues. Heterogeneity of membership renders the unions unstable, weak, fragmented, uncoordinated and amorphous. Besides this, majority of unions are managed by professional politicians and lawyers who have no experience of physical work and no commitment to the organization. These outside leaders may give precedence to their personal interests and prejudices than welfare of the workers. Development of internal leadership is also not encouraged by unscrupulous politicians in the garb of union leaders. Keeping in mind all these challenges various scholars and practitioners have suggested certain measures to strengthen trade union movement in India. Developing internal leadership, presenting a united labor front for bargaining, ensuring financial stability of unions, having paid full time union office bearers, extending the boundaries of trade unions to unorganized sector and ensuring strong central legislation for recognition of representative union are some of the measures that can change the face of trade unionism in India.
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Meyer, David. "The Effect Of Environmental And Economic Factors On The Choice Of Union". Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 10, nr 3 (22.09.2011): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v10i3.5931.
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<span>This study examines the factors influencing the joint union/employee choice regarding representation of work units using 16,292 elections from 1977 to 1981. The proposition tested is that AFL-CIO affiliates, the Teamsters, and other independent national unions are selective in choosing who they will represent. Employees desiring union representation are left to form independent local unions when AFL-CIO affiliates, the Teamsters, and other independent national unions decline to represent them. It is proposed that the unions choice to represent (or not) a unit of employees is based upon environment and economic conditions supportive of a greater (lesser) ability to improve that units working conditions and greater (lesser) benefits and lower (higher) costs to the union. Results indicate that the Teamsters attempted to organize and independent local unions were formed in units where working conditions were unlikely to be improved and the benefits to the union were low. AFL-CIO affiliates and independent national unions attempted to organize units where improvements in working conditions were more likely and the benefits were greater.</span>
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Camfield, David. "Renewal in Canadian Public Sector Unions". Articles 62, nr 2 (13.07.2007): 282–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016089ar.
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Challenges from employers and governments and the limited success of public sector union responses suggest the need for renewal in Canadian public sector unions. This article engages with discussions of union renewal by way of theoretically conceptualizing the modes of union praxis relevant to Canadian unions. It then examines the nature of neoliberal public sector reform and assesses the experiences of Canadian public sector unions under neoliberalism. In this difficult context, unions that are able to make progress in the interconnected development of greater democracy and power will be more capable of channelling workers’ concerns into union activity. This, along with international and Canadian evidence, highlights the significance of the praxis of social movement unionism to union renewal in the public sector.
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Metcalf, David, Kirstine Hansen i Andy Charlwood. "Unions and the Sword of Justice: Unions and Pay Systems, Pay Inequality, Pay Discrimination and Low Pay". National Institute Economic Review 176 (kwiecień 2001): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795010117600106.
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Dispersion in pay is lower among union members than among non-unionists. This reflects two factors. First, union members and jobs are more homogeneous than their non-union counterparts. Second, union wage policies within and across firms lower pay dispersion. Unions' minimum wage targets also truncate the lower tail of the union distribution. There are two major consequences of these egalitarian union wage policies. First, the return to human capital is lower in firms which recognise unions than in the unorganised sector. Second, unions compress the wage structure by gender, race and occupation.
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Murillo, M. Victoria. "From Populism To Neoliberalism: Labor Unions and Market Reforms in Latin America". World Politics 52, nr 2 (styczeń 2000): 135–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100002586.
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In the late 1980s, populist labor parties, which had advanced protectionism and state intervention in the postwar period, implemented market-oriented reforms in Argentina, Mexico, and Venezuela. In all three countries, market reforms hurt their union allies. The interaction between allied unions and governing labor parties, however, varied across countries and across sectors within the same country. While some unions endorsed neoliberal reforms, others rejected them despite their long-term alliance with governing parties. While some unions obtained concessions, others failed to do so.This article argues that the incentives created by partisan loyalties, partisan competition, and union competition explain these interactions. Partisan loyalty results from the long-term affiliation of unions with a political party. Partisan competition takes place among union leaders affiliated with different political parties for the control of unions. Union competition occurs in diverse national and sectoral contexts among labor organizations for the representation of the same workers. Loyalty derived from a long-term affiliation with the incumbent party facilitates collaboration between labor unions and the government. Yet, if partisan competition makes loyal union leaders afraid of being replaced by activists affiliated with the opposition parties, their incentives for militancy increase as a way of showing their responsiveness to the rank and file hurt by market reforms. Union competition for the representation of the same workers makes coordination more difficult, thereby weakening unions and making them less likely to obtain concessions from the government despite their partisan loyalty. The article presents empirical evidence from eighteen cases, including national confederations and individual unions in five economic sectors in Argentina, Mexico, and Venezuela to test this theory.
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Ndlovu, Sifiso. "Membership Recruitment and Restructuring of the Trade Unions for Effective Functioning of Public Sector Unions". Cross Current International Journal of Economics, Management and Media Studies 1, nr 2 (25.04.2019): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijemms.2019.v01i02.004.
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The phenomenon of increased union numbers as an answer to the call by workers who felt otherwise under-represented, and to get recognition, have put forward alternative agendas to the larger unions. Some new unions, it is argued, give a voice to workers in a specific sector or region where established unions have little presence. Others seem to have sprung up in the cracks caused by the fragmentation of the industrial structure in an organisation. Some would postulate it is caused by greedy trade union leaders who want to remain in leadership and with an intention to appropriate union resources to themselves. The failure of many unions to respond to changes in employment patterns has further diminished their power. Few unions manage to appeal to younger workers and/ or contract or part-time employees
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Ndlovu, Sifiso. "Membership Recruitment and Restructuring of the Trade Unions for Effective Functioning of Public Sector Unions". Cross Current International Journal of Economics, Management and Media Studies 1, nr 2 (25.04.2019): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijemms.2019.v01i02.004.
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The phenomenon of increased union numbers as an answer to the call by workers who felt otherwise under-represented, and to get recognition, have put forward alternative agendas to the larger unions. Some new unions, it is argued, give a voice to workers in a specific sector or region where established unions have little presence. Others seem to have sprung up in the cracks caused by the fragmentation of the industrial structure in an organisation. Some would postulate it is caused by greedy trade union leaders who want to remain in leadership and with an intention to appropriate union resources to themselves. The failure of many unions to respond to changes in employment patterns has further diminished their power. Few unions manage to appeal to younger workers and/ or contract or part-time employees
27
Ndlovu, Sifiso. "Membership Recruitment and Restructuring of the Trade Unions for Effective Functioning of Public Sector Unions". Cross Current International Journal of Economics, Management and Media Studies 1, nr 2 (25.04.2019): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijemms.2019.v01i02.004.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The phenomenon of increased union numbers as an answer to the call by workers who felt otherwise under-represented, and to get recognition, have put forward alternative agendas to the larger unions. Some new unions, it is argued, give a voice to workers in a specific sector or region where established unions have little presence. Others seem to have sprung up in the cracks caused by the fragmentation of the industrial structure in an organisation. Some would postulate it is caused by greedy trade union leaders who want to remain in leadership and with an intention to appropriate union resources to themselves. The failure of many unions to respond to changes in employment patterns has further diminished their power. Few unions manage to appeal to younger workers and/ or contract or part-time employees
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Kaminska, Monika Ewa, i Marta Kahancová. "Emigration and labour shortages: An opportunity for trade unions in the New Member States?" European Journal of Industrial Relations 17, nr 2 (czerwiec 2011): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680111400916.
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Emigration from the post-socialist states which joined the EU in 2004 and 2007 has reduced unemployment rates and created shortages of some skills. This should provide opportunities for trade unions to improve their situation, by facilitating union organizing and strengthening their bargaining position. Have unions grasped these opportunities? We adopt an actor-centred perspective to examine their strategies and actions in the public health care sector — strongly affected by migration — in Slovakia, Poland and Hungary. We argue that variation in union strategies depends mainly on the interplay of union capacities and state strategies. Slovak unions used the established sectoral bargaining system to obtain wage increases and to consolidate the bargaining machinery. In contrast, Polish unions gained wage increases through industrial action. Hungarian health care unions mostly failed to seize migration-related opportunities.
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Fairey, David B. "Exclusion of Unionized Workers from Employment Standards Law". Articles 64, nr 1 (30.03.2009): 112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/029541ar.
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The technique of permitting unions to derogations from core employment standards has been increasingly advocated as a means of making labour law more flexible while still protecting workers since the union is considered to bring countervailing power in support of workers’ preferences. The new British Columbia Employment Standards Act contains a broad union derogation provision. Industrial relations experts have commented that employment standards that permit the opting out of statutory employee protections in this way invites corrupt arrangements between employers and employer-dominated unions. Using the new BC statute as a case study, the assumption that requiring the union’s consent to derogation from core standards ensures that the derogation reflects workers’ preferences is tested using two sources of empirical data: collective agreements entered into by an employer friendly union (the Christian Labour Association of Canada); and collective agreements in which the union had neither the opportunity nor the strength to prevent derogation.
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Guard, Julie, D’Arcy Martin, Laurie McGauley, Mercedes Steedman i Jorge Garcia-Orgales. "Art as Activism". Labor Studies Journal 37, nr 2 (5.01.2012): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x11431895.
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Popular theater has significant, although largely overlooked, potential as a tool for unions to raise members’ political consciousness and strengthen their relationship to the union movement. Activist theater validates workers’ own knowledge, builds workers’ solidarity and self-confidence, and fosters an activist culture. It can also raise gender consciousness within unions. It has particular value for unions attempting to organize precarious workplaces such as call centers, where workers are especially vulnerable and often unfamiliar with unions and union culture. The experience of one group of workers demonstrates how popular theater can be integrated into the labor movement’s repertoire of strategies for building solidarity and revitalizing unions.
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Bonsa, Buta Debela, i Kerima Rahmeto Ebrahim. "Assessment of Financial Performance of Agricultural Cooperative Unions: The Case of West Harerghe Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia". Archives of Business Research 8, nr 9 (2.10.2020): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.89.9059.
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Financial statement analysis involves comparing cooperative union performance and evaluating trends in the unions’ financial position over time. Managers use financial statement analysis to identify situations demanding attention; potential lenders use financial analysis to determine whether the union is creditworthy; and stockholders use financial analysis to help predict future earnings, dividends, and free cash flow. This study is conducted on Assessment of Financial performance of Agricultural Cooperative unions: the Case of West Harerghe zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. The general objective of this study was to evaluate financial performance of agricultural cooperative union. For this study, the researchers used both primary and secondary sources of data taken from purposively selected two cooperative unions (i.e. Burka Galeti and Chercher Oda bultum) since they do have audited financial statements out of five unions found in western Haraghe. The study also used FGD and interview with fiancé managers and employees of the union for further explanation. Based on the financial statement analysis the researchers found that the agricultural cooperatives are efficient and effective in asset utilization, activity and debt equity management ratios. However, the financial statement analysis showed that the current asset ratio is below the industry standard that cannot cover its short term liabilities form its current asset section of the balance sheet. Moreover, the profitability ratio of the unions revealed that the agricultural cooperative unions are efficient to make profit but the margin of profit is below 25% that cannot make the union successful to cover all the incidental costs that are borne within short and long-term periods. The OLS model revealed that quick, fixed asset turnover, total asset turnover, inventory turnover and gross profit margin ratios are significantly and positively affecting ROA. As a result, the researchers recommend that the agricultural cooperative unions are expected to improve its effective and efficient management of the day to day activities of the union. Furthermore, the unions are expected to higher managers who have the caliber to manage each and every activities of the union and who are visionary to bring success for the unions.
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Foley, Maggie, Richard Cebula, Chulhee Jun i Robert Boylan. "An analysis of withdrawn shareholder proposals". Corporate Governance 15, nr 4 (3.08.2015): 546–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-06-2014-0075.
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Purpose – This study aims to analyze withdrawn shareholder proposals to gain insight into the role of shareholder proposals in the governance of public corporations. Design/methodology/approach – A cursory look at the data suggests that unions are the most likely group to withdraw proposals. The authors focus on the behavior of unions and find that unions often resubmit a shareholder proposal which had garnered significant support in the previous year, only to withdraw the proposal in the second year. Findings – The contention is that the proposals were withdrawn in Year 2 because the issue was settled in a manner agreeable to the union. Furthermore, this research suggests that unions are more likely to withdraw proposals when the prior years’ appeal is higher, when firms have a record of poor performance, lower insider ownership or relatively independent boards. This phenomenon suggests that unions submit and withdraw shareholder proposals strategically. The authors contend that unions use shareholder proposals and the withdrawal of proposals to improve conditions for union workers at the expense of shareholder value. Practical implications – This study suggests that unions submit and withdraw shareholder proposals strategically. The authors contend that unions use shareholder proposals and the withdrawal of proposals to improve conditions for union workers at the expense of shareholder value.
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Christie, Virginia, i Paul Miller. "Attitudes towards unions and union membership". Economics Letters 30, nr 3 (wrzesień 1989): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(89)90238-3.
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Ivlevs, Artjoms, i Michail Veliziotis. "What do unions do in times of economic crisis? Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe". European Journal of Industrial Relations 23, nr 1 (12.10.2016): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680116672281.
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Over the last two decades, trade union membership in Central and Eastern Europe has been in continuous decline, and unions in the region are generally considered weak. However, little is known about the actual relevance of trade unions for individual workers in the post-socialist world. We explore the role that unions played in protecting their members from the negative effects of the global economic crisis. Using data for 21 post-socialist countries from the Life in Transition-2 survey, we find that union members were less likely than comparable non-members to lose their jobs during the crisis. This beneficial effect of union membership was particularly pronounced in countries which were hardest hit by the crisis. At the same time, union members were more likely to experience wage reductions, suggesting that unions were engaged in concession bargaining. Overall, our results challenge the common view that unions in the post-socialist countries are irrelevant.
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Crampton, Suzanne M., John W. Hodge i Jitendra M. Mishra. "The Use of Union Dues for Political Activity-Current Status". Public Personnel Management 31, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600203100111.
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The NLRB, in a significant ruling for organized labor, recently ruled that employees who are forced to pay union dues are entitled to know how their money is being spent. The NLRB ruled in January 1997 that unions must supply financial information to workers who pay dues but who have elected not to join the union. The use of union dues for political activity continues to be a controversial issue for both public and private unions. This paper will provide a brief overview of the legal history of unions in America and the current issues they are encountering. Legal issues relating to the use of union dues for political activities for both public and private unions will also be discussed.
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Toshpulatovich, Avezov Umidjon. "THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF TRADE UNIONS AS AN INSTITUTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN UZBEKISTAN". American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 03, nr 01 (1.01.2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume04issue01-04.
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This article analyzes the concept of a trade union and its legal nature, the role and importance of trade unions as an institution of civil society in Uzbekistan, the functions and basic principles of trade union activity, the organizational and legal foundations of trade unions. The article also provides a constitutional and legal analysis of the concept of a trade union and its legal nature, an analysis of the functions and basic principles of trade union activity, a study of the stages of development of the legislative system of trade unions in Uzbekistan, organizational and legal issues of trade union activity, a study, an analysis of the legal nature of documents adopted by trade unions, comparatively - legal analysis of foreign experience in organizing trade union activities, determining priority areas for improving trade union activities, developing proposals and recommendations for improving the legislation governing this activity, and other issues were also analyzed
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Nicholson, Daniel, Andreas Pekarek i Peter Gahan. "Unions and collective bargaining in Australia in 2016". Journal of Industrial Relations 59, nr 3 (22.05.2017): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185617697760.
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In 2016, Australian unions faced a mix of new and enduring challenges. A re-elected Conservative federal government made life difficult for unions, maintaining its hard-line approach to public sector bargaining and passing new laws to intensify regulatory scrutiny of union governance and tactics. Unions continued to secure wage premiums through enterprise bargaining, but the longer-term decline in the level of agreement-making and the number of workers covered by enterprise agreements continued. Disputation rose, although less than half of all disputes were caused by enterprise bargaining. Concern over ongoing membership decline saw unions explore and experiment with organisational reforms and initiatives as new, ‘union-like’ actors entered the field. However, our analysis of longer-term membership developments across union types suggests the outlook is alarming for all but those unions focused on occupational identity.
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Dølvik, Jon Erik, i Jeremy Waddington. "Private sector services: challenges to European trade unions". Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 8, nr 3 (sierpień 2002): 356–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890200800304.
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This article maps the challenges faced by European trade unions arising from the growth and diversification of employment in private sector services, and analyses union responses to these challenges. Focusing on recruitment, internal interest intermediation, and articulation between the central and local tiers of union activity, it shows that many unions are making considerable efforts to renew their organisational structures and policies, so as to reverse the decline in membership and strengthen their workplace presence in private sector services. Approaches include union mergers, extension of collective bargaining into new areas, development of new styles of organising, digital unions, and creation of unions for particular groups. A critical issue is how to combine the differentiation and decentralisation of unions with coordination of union objectives: union renewal is a contested process, implying difficult choices as regards target groups and internal power relations. The article suggests that although the reforms have been insufficient to turn the tide thus far, the breadth of change cautions against precipitate judgements about the demise of unionism in private sector services.
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Octaviani, Jefahnia, i Andari Yurikosari. "AKIBAT HUKUM KRIMINALISASI PENGURUS SERIKAT PEKERJA ATAS TINDAK PIDANA PENCEMARAN NAMA BAIK TERHADAP KEDUDUKAN SERIKAT PEKERJA DI DALAM PERUSAHAAN (STUDI PUTUSAN PENGADILAN TINGGI DKI JAKARTA NOMOR: 95/PID/2018/PT.DKI)". Jurnal Hukum Adigama 2, nr 1 (24.07.2019): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v2i1.5258.
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One of the legal subjects in the employment sector is labor unions. Labor unions are considered as organizations that able to help workers fight for their rights. When there is an industrial relations dispute between employers and workers, labor unions can represent their members in the process of resolutions that includes three steps, which are Bipartite, Tripartite, and Court of Industrial Relations. Based on the applicable laws, in order to carry out their main duties and functions, labor unions must be independent and democratic. Referring to DKI Jakarta High Court Judgement No. 95/Pid/2018/PT.DKI, two of labor union officials in PT Damira are prosecuted by third party outside of Bipartite for criminal acts of defamation, and the prosecution itself build upon their statements on Bipartite. This kind of prosecution can be categorized as a form of criminalization of labor union officials, thus raises issues of how legal protections for labor union officials who are prosecuted by third party and the impact of the criminalization of labor unions officials to the standing of labor unions. The author analyzes both issues comprehensively using the normative legal research method. According to the research, can be councluded that the legal protections of labor union officials is not carried out as stipulated in the applicable laws. Furthermore, criminalization of labor union officials has important impact which includes two things, namely the legal uncertainty of labor union officials regarding their status as workers and the standing of labor unions within the company after the criminalization.
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Nussbaum, Karen. "Unions and Democracy". Labor Studies Journal 44, nr 4 (grudzień 2019): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x19890523.
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Unions are recognized for building a strong middle class. But the importance of unions to maintaining a strong democracy is less understood. This article explores the connection between the decline of unions and the rise of the right; provides examples of the effect of union member engagement in political engagement; and makes the case that changes in policy and new organizing can restore the crucial role of unions in civic life.
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Lillie, Nathan. "Union Networks and Global Unionism in Maritime Shipping". Articles 60, nr 1 (24.10.2005): 88–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011540ar.
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Under the auspices of the International Transport Workers’ Federation’s (ITF) Flag of Convenience campaign, maritime unions have developed transnational global structures exploiting interdependencies in transportation production chains. The ITF, a London-based association of transport unions, connects the struggles of seafarers and port workers through a global strategy of union networking and coordinated industrial action. Seafaring unions draw on the industrial leverage of port workers to negotiate minimum standard pay agreements, while dock unions leverage the growing influence of the ITF in fighting union busting in ports. A global transnational ship inspector network provides the power basis for imposing collective agreements on shipowners. Although conceived as a resource for organizing seafarers, the inspectorate also provides port unions with leverage.
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KONINGS, PIET. "ASSESSING THE ROLE OF AUTONOMOUS TEACHERS’ TRADE UNIONS IN ANGLOPHONE CAMEROON, 1959–1972". Journal of African History 47, nr 3 (listopad 2006): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853706001782.
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In the literature on African trade unions during decolonization and in the immediate post-independence period, two schools of thought can be distinguished: one is pessimistic about the unions' economic and political roles, and the other is optimistic. This study attempts to assess the role of autonomous teachers' trade unions in Anglophone Cameroon during the period 1959–72. The emergence, development and dissolution of these unions appears to have closely followed the region's political and educational reforms. It is argued that two main issues formed a constant source of conflict between the government and these unions, namely the preservation of trade union autonomy, and union demands for a substantial improvement in members' conditions of service.
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Walker, David A., i Kathryn I. Smith. "Credit unions’ acquisitions of banks and thrifts". Journal of Financial Economic Policy 11, nr 3 (5.08.2019): 306–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-05-2018-0077.
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Purpose In total, 14 credit unions have acquired 16 banks and savings institutions since 2012; 7 additional acquisitions are in progress and are expected to close before year-end 2019. The analysis of the population of these acquisitions spans the paths of annual differences in CAMEL ratios. Most acquirers have a somewhat revised capital structure and are often benefiting from economies of scope, as well as economies of scale. Since their acquisitions, the acquiring credit unions have become less risky, measured by simulated CAMEL ratios, and they are lending a larger share of their deposits. There is no apparent financial reason to discourage credit unions from acquiring additional banks and savings institutions. The National Credit Union Administration does not need to be particularly hesitant to allow credit unions to acquire banks and thrifts. Design/methodology/approach Financial analysis is done via simulated CAMEL ratios. Findings After acquiring banks, credit unions are less risky and lend a greater share of their deposits. Research limitations/implications The study analyzes the population of the credit unions that have acquired banks since 2012, but the population consists of 14 banks acquiring 16 credit unions. Practical implications Credit unions should not be prohibited from further acquisitions of banks and thrifts. Social implications Credit union members are better served after a credit union acquires a bank. Originality/value No previous study has explored the effects of credit unions acquiring banks and thrifts, which began in 2012.
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Mng'omba, Simon A., Elsa S. du Toit, Festus K. Akinnifesi i Helena M. Venter. "Histological Evaluation of Early Graft Compatibility in Uapaca kirkiana Müell Arg. Scion/Stock Combinations". HortScience 42, nr 3 (czerwiec 2007): 732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.3.732.
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Compatibility of scion and stock combinations in Uapaca kirkiana fruit trees has not been evaluated despite noticeable growth irregularities. The objectives of this study were to determine graft compatibility of scion/stock combinations and possible causes of graft incompatibility. Scion, stock, and graft union diameters were measured. Stem sections comprising the graft unions were immersed in formalin acetic acid and then washed in sterile water. These were transversely dissected across the unions and examined under using light microscope. There were considerable growth disorders at the unions, which included significant overgrowth of stocks and unions and constricted unions. There were cracks in the bark across the union in many graft combinations. Anatomic and histological studies showed accumulation of phenol deposits and necrotic tissues, and there was no continuity of vascular tissues above the union. There were also differences in proliferation of callus tissues among grafted partners. Continuity in wood and bark tissues below the unions supported growth of partially compatible partners, whereas isolated parenchymatous tissues at the union supported growth of incompatible partners. There were many necrotic tissues and unfilled areas above the union. Accumulation of phenolic and necrotic cell deposits, poor or a high level of callusing at the union, and possibly specific incompatibility reactions were implicated as the causes of graft incompatibility in U. kirkiana trees.
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FİDAN, Tuncer. "Perspectives and Expectations of Union Member and Non- Union Member Teachers on Teacher Unions". Journal of Educational Sciences Research 5, nr 2 (15.10.2015): 191–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/jesr.2015.52.10.
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Voxted, Søren, i Jens Lind. "Too Few Indians and Too Many Chiefs. Is This One Reason for Declining Trade Union Membership in Denmark?" Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 2, nr 2 (1.06.2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v2i2.2356.
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The decline in trade union membership in many countries since the 1970s and the consequent weakening of the trade unions is due to a number of reasons, including occupational changes, welfare state and social regulation, liberalism and individualization, and in Denmark (and Sweden and Finland) changes in unemployment insurance legislation and the institutional settings of the unemployment insurance system. All these factors are well known and have been analyzed in the literature. This article sums up all these facts and reasons for trade union decline in Denmark, but the main analysis focuses on a supplementary reason for membership decline among LO (the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions)-affiliated unions: many trade union members leave their unions to become members of unions that organize managers. When workers become managers, some prefer to join an organization expert in servicing managerial staff, while others leave their trade unions because they define themselves as managers without being formally appointed as such and without having formal managerial responsibilities. Reasons for this behavior will be discussed in the article.
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Jackson, Andrew. "Forum: Reorganizing Unions Forum: Reorganizing Unions Solidarity Forever? Trends in Canadian Union Density". Studies in Political Economy 74, nr 1 (wrzesień 2004): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19187033.2004.11675140.
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Choi, Hae-Lin. "State of the Union". PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 38, nr 153 (1.12.2008): 595–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v38i153.454.
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For a long time trade unions in USA had an extreme weak position. With new practices of organizing especially SEIU (Services Employees International Union) had some success and was used as a model. But also inside SEIU new problems and conflicts grew. The future development of US trade uniqns is rather uncertain.
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Farhi, Emmanuel, i Iván Werning. "Fiscal Unions". American Economic Review 107, nr 12 (1.12.2017): 3788–834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130817.
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We study cross-country risk sharing as a second-best problem for members of a currency union using an open economy model with nominal rigidities and provide two key results. First, we show that if financial markets are incomplete, the value of gaining access to any given level of aggregate risk sharing is greater for countries that are members of a currency union. Second, we show that even if financial markets are complete, privately optimal risk sharing is constrained inefficient. A role emerges for government intervention in risk sharing both to guarantee its existence and to influence its operation. The constrained efficient risk-sharing arrangement can be implemented by contingent transfers within a fiscal union. We find that the benefits of such a fiscal union are larger, the more asymmetric the shocks affecting the members of the currency union, the more persistent these shocks, and the less open the member economies. Finally, we compare the performance of fiscal unions and of other macroeconomic stabilization instruments available in currency unions such as capital controls, government spending, fiscal deficits, and redistribution. (JEL E62, F31, F32, F41, F45)
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Martens, Deborah, Annelien Gansemans, Jan Orbie i Marijke D'Haese. "Trade Unions in Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives: What Shapes Their Participation?" Sustainability 10, nr 11 (20.11.2018): 4295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114295.
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There is a growing concern about the extent to which multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs), designed to improve social and environmental sustainability in global supply chains, give a meaningful voice to less powerful stakeholders. Trade unions are one particular civil society group whose participation in MSIs has received little scholarly attention so far. The objective of this paper is to examine the determinants that enable and constrain trade union participation in MSIs. Based on interviews, focus groups, observations and document analysis we determine local trade union participation in three MSIs, operating at company, national and transnational level respectively, in the Costa Rican pineapple industry. To explain the limited encountered trade union participation, an analytical framework is developed combining structural and agency dimensions, namely the MSI design and trade union’s power resources. The findings show shortcomings in the representativeness, procedural fairness and consensual orientation in the design and implementation of the MSIs. These are, however, not sufficient to explain weak trade union participation as trade union power resources also have an influence. Strong network embeddedness and improved infrastructural resources had a positive effect, whereas the lack of internal solidarity and unfavourable narrative resources constrained the unions’ participation.