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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Union Network International"
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Barreau, Jocelyne, Christelle Havard i Angélique Ngaha Bah. "Global union federations and international framework agreements: Knowledge exchange and creation". European Journal of Industrial Relations 26, nr 1 (11.03.2019): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680119834170.
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International Framework Agreements negotiated between Global Union Federations and multinational companies are a major innovation which bring collective bargaining to an international level. We focus on the role of the union negotiators and analyse two cases, drawing on studies of innovation processes in business organizations. We identify types of learning processes and the exchange and creation of knowledge, and examine relations inside international trade union networks. We find that two conditions are necessary to develop an innovatory role: international unions must coordinate exchanges between different communities, holders and creators of specific union knowledge, and must also facilitate the dissemination of knowledge by maintaining the regularity and quality of exchanges between network members.
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Schmalz, Stefan, Teresa Conrow, Dina Feller i Maurício Rombaldi. "Two forms of transnational organizing: Mapping the strategies of Global Union Federations". Tempo Social 33, nr 2 (16.08.2021): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.185622.
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It has become a commonplace belief among academics and trade union officials that globalization has weakened trade unions. However, the expansion of global capital has also led to a rise of transnational labor organizing. Since the 2000s, Global Union Federations have developed different strategies to tackle the challenges of globalization. In this article, we analyze two such forms of transnational organizing: A network-based and an event-based form of organizing. While the network-based approach brings together unions from different countries in a company or industry-wide cross-border network, the event-based strategy is built on the engagement of the GUFs at large international events to wage local struggles with a lasting impact on labor relations. By drawing on a power resource approach and labor geography and by using empirical data from two case studies, the Building and Woodworkers International’s Fifa World Cup campaign of 2014 and the International Transport Workers Union’s Latam Union network, we demonstrate how GUFs are using different pathways of transnational activism to link the global with the local and why local trade union action is crucial for success in transnational organizing.
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Lillie, Nathan. "Union Networks and Global Unionism in Maritime Shipping". Articles 60, nr 1 (24.10.2005): 88–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011540ar.
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Under the auspices of the International Transport Workers’ Federation’s (ITF) Flag of Convenience campaign, maritime unions have developed transnational global structures exploiting interdependencies in transportation production chains. The ITF, a London-based association of transport unions, connects the struggles of seafarers and port workers through a global strategy of union networking and coordinated industrial action. Seafaring unions draw on the industrial leverage of port workers to negotiate minimum standard pay agreements, while dock unions leverage the growing influence of the ITF in fighting union busting in ports. A global transnational ship inspector network provides the power basis for imposing collective agreements on shipowners. Although conceived as a resource for organizing seafarers, the inspectorate also provides port unions with leverage.
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Diez, Thomas. "International Ethics and European Integration: Federal State or Network Horizon?" Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 22, nr 3 (lipiec 1997): 287–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030437549702200302.
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Practical problems of international politics are often described in terms of building a bigger and better state—a European Union or an Atlantic Community or an Arab Union, without seeing that such an achievement would leave the problems of inter-state politics precisely where they were.
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Dogliani, Patrizia. "European Municipalism in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: the Socialist Network". Contemporary European History 11, nr 4 (28.10.2002): 573–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777302004046.
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This article analyses the contribution of European socialism to the building of a variegated network of reformers in municipal politics from the end of the nineteenth century to the 1950s. Unsuccessful as a network inside the Second International, a broader international federation of cities, the Union Internationale des Villes/International Union of Local Authorities (UIV/IULA), was proposed in 1913. Belgian, French, Dutch and English socialist leaders remained strongly influential in this federation between the two world wars, working in connection with co-operative movements and the International Labour Office based in Geneva. The fifty years of debates and projects animated by the international journal Les Annales de la Régie Directe founded by the French socialist Edgard Milhaud allows us to follow the development of a generation of local reformers from the beginnings of municipalist thought and praxis up to the idea of building a decentralised European Community of cities and regional authorities.
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Lee, Cheol-Sung. "Labor Unions and Good Governance: A Cross-National, Comparative Analysis". American Sociological Review 72, nr 4 (sierpień 2007): 585–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240707200405.
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Using network-based measures of unions' centrality among civic associations, this article builds and tests a theoretical framework that highlights labor unions' central role in enhancing governance. I first construct three measures to capture the connectedness and power of representative voluntary civic associations, membership density, degree centrality (comemberships), and power centrality, based on the affiliation network matrices for 54 countries, using the latest World Values Survey. I then test the key argument that unions' power centrality has significant positive effects on governance, controlling for general socioeconomic and international factors. The findings from standard statistical analyses, as well as from comparative case studies of affiliation networks, support my claims that union-centered or union-linked civic mobilization achieves a balance of class power not only in civil society, but also within state institutions, strengthening reformist parties and policy makers. This article also suggests that this power shift in the state power structure leads to better governance. I highlight the role of labor-based organizations in making governments effective and responsible, and I bring the bottom-up process of civic mobilization and social accountability back into the discussion of social capital and governance.
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Dowrick, Christopher, Patricia Casey, Odd Dalgard, Clemens Hosman, Ville Lehtinen, José-Luis Vázquez-Barquero i Greg Wilkinson. "Outcomes of Depression International Network (ODIN)". British Journal of Psychiatry 172, nr 4 (kwiecień 1998): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.4.359.
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BackgroundODIN aims (a) to provide data on the prevalence, risk factors and outcome of depressive disorders in rural and urban settings within the European Union (EU) based on an epidemiological sampling frame; and (b) to assess the impact of two psychological interventions on the outcome of depression and on service utilisation and costs.MethodFive centres across the EU are participating in ODIN. The centres are linked electronically and members meet regularly for training and strategic reviews. Urban and rural areas have been identified in each centre. The sampling frame is of adults aged 18–64, identified via primary care databases or electoral registers. Potential cases of depressive disorders are identified using the Beck Depression Inventory. SCAN II and other validated measures are used to assign caseness against DSM–IV and ICD–10 criteria; assess comorbidity, disability, genetic/familial susceptibility, psychosocial stressors, personality traits and cognitive factors; and utilisation of local health care services. A randomised controlled trial of individual problem-solving treatment and a group educational programme is undertaken for respondents identified as cases of depressive disorder. Individuals are followed-up at six and 12 months.Results and ConclusionsODIN has already stimulated the development of an effective international research partnership.
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Chechelashvili, V. "SOUTH CAUCASUS IN THE NETWORK OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS". Actual Problems of International Relations, nr 145 (2020): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2020.145.1.28-43.
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The article considers the problems of divisive lines, separating nations and diminishing prospects of shared prosperity in South Caucasus. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resultant independence for Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, the South Caucasus has primarily been associated with conflicts, hostility, military actions, closed borders. The article highlights the causes of problems and directions for their solutions. An assessment of the development potential of the South Caucasus’and tendencies of establishing a stable and secure space with broad prospects for economic cooperation in the region based on geopolitical and geo-economic opportunities is made. Arguments are based on variety of different factors, such as the facts that the region has inexhaustible transit and tourist potential, important natural resources of international significance, and an educated, relatively cheap labour force. Attemps are made to resolve issues such as prospects for the South Caucasus to become an attractive region, determined desirable further actions of the regional states and external players (Russia, United States of America, European Union) which are necessary to achieve a result. Expanding European principles, standards and criteria for cooperation in the South Caucasus is the most realistic way for the three states to achieve shared success. Nothing better has been offered in practice with respect to international regional cooperation. The future of the South Caucasus primarily depends on the three states themselves, their ability and vision, the capacity to observe the overall picture of regional developments and assist each other, and shared activity in order to help the population of the states perceive a new reality. The stable and integrated South Caucasus will make a serious contribution to the security system in a broader regional context and will bring greater stability in adjacent areas.
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Perry, James, i Andreas Nöelke. "International Accounting Standard Setting: A Network Approach". Business and Politics 7, nr 3 (grudzień 2005): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1136.
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The article takes a political economy perspective on the current harmonization of accounting standards. It argues that the process not only signals a major shift in the mode of governance (towards private authority), but also in the substance of what is being governed. In political-economic terms, the most significant change which the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) brings to accounting is an increased reliance on market values in the form of so-called Fair Value Accounting (FVA). The FVA paradigm represents a financial perspective on business operations. This perspective is matched by the process and structure of the institutions that govern international accounting standard setting, particularly the IASB and the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group which advises the Commission of the European Union on the adoption of IASB standards. A network analysis of the different committees and working groups of these two institutions demonstrates that financial sector actors wield substantially more influence than other categories of business actors within the governance of international accounting standard setting.
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Pirmagomedov, R. "APPROACHING TRUSTED TESTING OF NETWORKS WITH THE USE OF PROBES". Telecom IT 7, nr 1 (2019): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/2307-1303-2019-7-1-52-59.
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This paper presents a system-level architecture and signaling procedures of the system enabling trusted testing of telecommunication networks utilizing probes. The described system relies on the ongoing work of Study Group 11 at the International Telecommunication Union. The paper also includes testing profiles description, results storing, and users’ access to the results. In a nutshell the considered approach allows for the testing system to operate as a “black box” recording all required network events on the user side. The results of such testing can be further used for resolving disputes between stakeholders. The system discussed in this paper is rely on current work items of Q9/11 of International Telecommunication Union (Standardization sector).
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Union Network International"
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Broman, Matilda. "Taking advantage of institutional possibilities and network opportunities : analyzing Swedish strategic action in EU negotiations /". Lund : Department of Political Science, Lund University, 2008. http://www.svet.lu.se/Fulltext/Matilda_broman.pdf.
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Katsorchi, Panagiota. "Le réseau des règles de droit international européen de la concurrence". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3031.
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Loin d’être une accumulation aléatoire de normes, les règles de droit international européen de la concurrence créées par les accords internationaux de l’Union européenne font partie d’un réseau normatif. Il s’agit d’un réseau de forme étoilée – au centre duquel se trouve l’Union européenne – composé de règles de droit de la concurrence adoptées par l’Union européenne et ses partenaires. L’étude de ces règles ainsi que des instruments internationaux qui les mettent en place, montre que ce réseau se développe de manière équilibrée autour de deux axes : les règles en matière de coopération entre autorités de la concurrence et les règles de fond. Ces règles peuvent être efficaces, en fonction de leur application à des litiges entre entreprises par les juridictions nationales, de la gestion des conflits et des possibilités de coopération entre autorités de la concurrence qu’elles ouvrent. L’objet de la présente étude est de démontrer que l’activité normative de l’Union européenne a conduit à la création d’un réseau de règles de droit international européen de la concurrence cohérent, à l’origine d’un espace juridique où existent des règles susceptibles d’appréhender les comportements anticoncurrentiels et les concentrations qui échappaient jusqu’ici au contrôle nationalFar from being a patchwork, the rules composing the international dimension of EU competition law and policy form part of a normative network. It is a star-shaped network – with the European Union in its centre – composed of rules of competition law adopted by the European Union and its partners. An analysis of those rules and of the international instruments that create them demonstrates that that network evolves in a way which balances rules on cooperation between competition authorities and rules on substance. Those rules can be effective, depending on the way they apply in litigation between undertakings by national courts and by the way they facilitate conflict management and incite cooperation between competition authorities. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the normative activity undertaken by the European Union has led to the creation of a coherent network of rules and forms the basis of a judicial sphere including rules that can tackle anticompetitive behaviours and mergers that would otherwise have escaped national control
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Steingass, Sebastian Dionysius. "Federating EU development cooperation? : Europe's contributions to international development effectiveness". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283603.
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The European Union (EU) has long strived to act collectively in the face of international challenges such as poverty, hunger and state fragility beyond its borders. While the EU member states and institutions seek coherent responses to these challenges, they also have partly competing agendas. Yet there has been increasing agreement on collective action. To understand this agreement, this thesis asks how policy professionals contribute to the advocacy of policy norms for collective action between the EU institutions and the member states. The research analyses policy processes in EU development cooperation since the early 2000s. In development cooperation the EU's effectiveness has been particularly contested because of the combination of competing ideas about the EU's role and about how to achieve effective and sustainable development. The research finds that, while formal decisions about collective action remain in the hands of member states, transnational networks of policy professionals in the EU institutions, member state bureaucracies and civil society contribute to shaping the terms of debate regarding the EU's role in effective development cooperation. These network interactions, which form around institutional decision-making centres, transcend the organisational boundaries of member state bureaucracies, EU institutions and civil society organisations. These findings fill a gap in our understanding of how EU norms governing collective external action are advocated as existing research has tended to focus on how institutional structure facilitate state coordination. By concentrating on the cases of Germany and the United Kingdom and their engagement with the EU institutions, the research revises existing, dominant views on norm advocacy in EU external action: It links the previously little related concepts of norm advocacy and discursive networks to analyse the agency and scope of policy professionals in the advocacy of EU policy norms; and it provides new empirical insights into the role of these policy professionals for collective action between the EU institutions and the member states in development cooperation.
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Papp, Réka. "Le fonctionnement du Réseau européen de la concurrence : détermination et exercice de compétence par les autorités de concurrence". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0248.
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L'adoption du règlement n° 1/2003 a décentralisé la mise en oeuvre des articles 101 et 102 TFUE et a entraîné la création du Réseau européen de la concurrence. Désormais, les autorités nationales et la Commission partagent la responsabilité de l'application des règles de concurrence de l'Union européenne au sein du Réseau. Le fonctionnement de celui-ci obéit à la logique de la méthode du conflit d'autorités. Ainsi, la question de la compétence des autorités pour traiter une affaire a une importance primordiale dans le contexte du Réseau. Elle détermine la loi applicable à l'inégralité de l'affaire et exerce une influence sur les effets extraterritoriaux des décisions. Les autorités de concurrence emploient une grande variété de méthodes de coopération et de coordination afin d'éviter des conflits de compétence et les solutions contradictoires au sein du Réseau. Malgré la coopération étroite des autorités, les divergences des règles de procédure sont susceptibles de miner l'efficacité de la mise en oeuvre des articles 101 et 102 TFUE ainsi qu'éroder la protection des droits fondamentauxThe entry into force of Regulation 1/2003 resulted in the decentralisation of the application of articles 101 et 102 TFEU. The national authorities and the Commission share the responsibility for the enforcement of the EU competition rules and form together the European Competition Network. According to the theory of conflict of authorities, the designation of the competent authority to deal with a case is crucial for the functioning of the Network, since it determines the applicable law to the case and the extraterritorial effect of the decision. Despite the cooperation and coordination mechanisms at the authorities's disposal, the divergences in national procedural rules can undermine not only the goal of efficient enforcement of competition rules in the EU, but also the protection of fundemantal rights
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Laurence, Marquis. "The Role of the European Union in the Systemic Reform of Investor-State Dispute Settlement in International and Regional Trade Agreements: The impact of the ISDS Reform on the Independence and Impartiality of Arbitrators". Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11385/222718.
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Navigating the complex frameworks of ISDS Reform. The historical framework: the backlash against investor-state dispute Settlement. The methodological and conceptual frameworks. The European legal framework for ISDS Reform. The ISDS and EU Reform frameworks on independence and impartiality of adjudicators. The impact of the ISDS and the ICS frameworks on the independence and impartiality of adjudicators. Assessing the conformity of the reforms proposals of working group III with the rule of law. Conclusion : in favor of a pro-ISDS Reform.
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Rodrigues, Eduardo Magalhães. "A organização internacional dos trabalhadores metalúrgicos na Mercedes-Benz : perspectivas de contra-hegemonia local-global /". Marília, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128122.
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Orientador: Luiz Eduardo W. WanderleyBanca: Tullo Vigevani
Banca: Kimi Aparecida Tomizaki
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas"
Resumo: A presente dissertação analisa a experiência de organização sindical internacional a partir dos trabalhadores na Mercedes-Benz do Brasil na cidade de São Bernardo do Campo. Digo "a partir", pois a própria natureza do processo levou à conexão global com os trabalhadores localizados em unidades de outros países da mesma transnacional. Há, entre os atores políticos mais diversos, bem como no mundo acadêmico, a controversa questão sobre a importância do movimento sindical não só no Brasil, mas também em nível internacional. Isto é, contesta-se a respeito da efetividade do sindicalismo internacional diante a globalização hegemônica do capital. Uma questão diz respeito se as práticas adotadas, mesmo que ainda incipientes, significam uma futura alternativa ao modelo hegemônico. Outra trata se a perspectiva internacional sindical em curso pode contribuir para a manutenção ou novas conquistas para os trabalhadores. Tais questões são vitais, especialmente em um mundo de intensa e ainda crescente globalização em todos os setores sociais. Evidenciou-se a indicação de respostas positivas às dúvidas acima, sugerindo que, não obstante a crise atual, também, do movimento sindical internacional, trata-se de uma estratégia exequível e mesmo indispensável ao trabalhador. A metodologia seguida, além das referências teóricas, lançou mão, basicamente, da pesquisa de campo por meio do estudo de fontes primárias e entrevistas junto aos principais protagonistas da trajetória internacional que em 2014 completa 30 anos.
Abstract: The present dissertation is focused on the experience of the international trade union organization of workers since Mercedes-Benz Brazil in São Bernardo do Campo. I highlight "since" because the very nature of the process led to the global connection with employees located at industrial units in foreigner countries of the same transnational company. Among several political players as well as in the academic world, there is the controversial issue about the importance of the union movement not only in Brazil, but also internationally. In other words, the main issue is about the effectiveness of international trade unionism in the presence of the capital hegemonic globalization. On one hand concerns if it is possible that this practice means an alternative to the hegemonic model, even being, nowadays, in an incipient stage. On the other hand if the international trade union perspective can contribute to the maintenance or new achievements of the workers. Such issues are strongly important, mainly in a world of intense and growing globalization of all sectors of society. There was an indication of positive responses to both questions above, suggesting that, despite the current worldwide crisis, involving the international trade union movement as well, is an feasible strategy and even essential to the worker. The methodology, besides the theoretical references, dealt with field research collecting primary data and interviews with the main protagonists of the international trajectory, which completes 30 years in 2014.
Mestre
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Lafargue, Marie. "Les relations de travail dans l'entreprise transnationale". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0279.
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L’entreprise transnationale s’impose comme un pouvoir économique puissantdans le contexte de mondialisation. Dénuée de personnalité morale, elle n’est appréhendéeque partiellement par les droits internes. En dehors du droit supranational qui présente descarences et n’assure qu’une régulation partielle, les relations de travail dans l’entrepriseglobalisée restent largement appréhendées par les droits nationaux et les paradigmes dudroit du travail n’ont guère évolué pour s’ajuster à leur singularité. La nature du droit quisaisit ces rapports n’est donc pas commensurable à leur réalité transnationale.L’insuffisance du cadre d’analyse actuel oblige alors à dépasser le doublecloisonnement des systèmes juridiques et des personnes morales afin de développer dessolutions globales. Une analyse tant positiviste que prospective du droit révèle l’existenced’un processus d’adaptation en cours, celui-ci devant toutefois être renforcé et étendu.Il s’agit donc de mettre en place un principe d’ajustement du droit à ces relations de travail,lequel révèle l’identité du transnational : la transnationalité est une expression du pluralisme.L’adaptation du droit suppose, d’une part, que l’entreprise soit recomposée en tantqu’organisation et qu’elle soit mise en synergie avec les autres acteurs de la gouvernancemondiale. Le mouvement d’adéquation implique, d’autre part, qu’un droit global, « postmoderne» et pluraliste, reposant sur un socle de droits fondamentaux, voit le jour. Ainsi,c’est au prix de ces évolutions que l’on parviendra à une régulation adaptée des relations detravail dans l’entreprise transnationale ainsi qu’à l’émergence d’un droit social de lamondialisationTransnational companies now stand as leading economic powers in aglobalisation context. Stripped of any legal personality, they are only partly bound by thenational laws. Aside from supranational law, which is incomplete provides only partialregulation, labour relations within globalised companies remain largely bound by nationallaws while the paradigms of labour law have barely evolved in order to adjust to theirsingularity. The nature of the law that governs those professional relations is therefore notcommensurate to their transnational reality.The deficiencies of the current framework for analysis thus compel researchers to gobeyond the twofold boundaries of legal systems and legal entities in order to develop suitableglobal solutions. A positivist, forward-looking analysis of the law reveals the existence of anadaptation process that is already underway but which must also be extended andstrengthened.It is therefore a matter of establishing a legal adjustment principle within those labourrelations, which reveals the identity of the transnational: transnationality is an expression ofpluralism. Legal adaptation assumes, on the one hand, that companies be reconstructed asorganisations and that a synergy be established with other players in the field of globalgovernance. The alignment trend implies, on the other hand, the birth of a "post-modern",pluralist global law, resting on a foundation of fundamental rights. It is thus at the cost of suchdevelopments that an adapted regulation of labour relations will be achieved withintransnational companies, together with the emergence of a globalised social law
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VENUTA, MARIA LUISA. "La città da energivora a nodo attivo delle reti di produzione e di scambio energetico". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/85.
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Il concetto di rete dell'informazione può diventare uno schema logico con cui descrivere l'evoluzione delle politiche sulle energie rinnovabili e sulla sostenibilità?
La ricerca è stata svolta analizzando l'architettura delle due reti (internet e reti energetiche) e l'evoluzione del bene prodotto e distribuito nella rete energetica, l'energia, esplicitando l'accessibilità da parte della distribuzione mondiale delle risorse petrolifere tradizionali e delle risorse rinnovabili. La struttura metodologica del progetto di ricerca si basa due tipi di analisi teorica:
1) l'analisi della nascita delle società in rete attraverso le teorie di Manuel Castells (concetto di spazio di flussi) e di Saskia Sassen e l'evoluzione delle città (cap.2 e cap.5)
2) le analisi dei flussi dei materiali e delle energie avendo come riferimento metodologico l'approccio ecologico ideato dai ricercatori dell'istituto per il Clima, l'Ambiente e l'Energia di Wuppertal, Germania (cap.3 e cap.4)
La contraddizione tra città innovative e città che sono ai livelli di enormi discariche o di baraccopoli è esposta nel cap.6 attraverso casi studio e progetto dei Programmi Europei.
Nell'ultimo capitolo (cap.7) si riassumono le ipotesi di partenza e i risultati della ricerca e si espongono le questioni aperte.Can internet logic scheme be used as a basis to describe public policies evolution on renewable energies production and sharing in urban areas all over the world? The research project analyses the two networks (internet and energetic grids) architectures in actual and future urban areas. This analysis is connected with present and future forecasts energy productions from traditional fuels and from renewable sources. Theoretical analysis is conducted following a double conceptual pathway: - societal networks (Manuel Castells theory) and urban areas evolution (Saskia Sassen and Mike Davis) in order to picture the evolution of cities and towns in modern economies and in developing countries (Chapters 2 and 5); - Material and Energy Flow Analysis (approach by Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy) applied to renewable energy (Chapters 3 and 4) In Chapter 6 case studies are exposed on the deep cleavage between two different worlds: innovative, rich towns on a side and the landfills cities, slums on the other side. In the last part hypothesis and thesis are put together and open questions are explained (Chapter 7).
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VENUTA, MARIA LUISA. "La città da energivora a nodo attivo delle reti di produzione e di scambio energetico". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/85.
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Il concetto di rete dell'informazione può diventare uno schema logico con cui descrivere l'evoluzione delle politiche sulle energie rinnovabili e sulla sostenibilità?
La ricerca è stata svolta analizzando l'architettura delle due reti (internet e reti energetiche) e l'evoluzione del bene prodotto e distribuito nella rete energetica, l'energia, esplicitando l'accessibilità da parte della distribuzione mondiale delle risorse petrolifere tradizionali e delle risorse rinnovabili. La struttura metodologica del progetto di ricerca si basa due tipi di analisi teorica:
1) l'analisi della nascita delle società in rete attraverso le teorie di Manuel Castells (concetto di spazio di flussi) e di Saskia Sassen e l'evoluzione delle città (cap.2 e cap.5)
2) le analisi dei flussi dei materiali e delle energie avendo come riferimento metodologico l'approccio ecologico ideato dai ricercatori dell'istituto per il Clima, l'Ambiente e l'Energia di Wuppertal, Germania (cap.3 e cap.4)
La contraddizione tra città innovative e città che sono ai livelli di enormi discariche o di baraccopoli è esposta nel cap.6 attraverso casi studio e progetto dei Programmi Europei.
Nell'ultimo capitolo (cap.7) si riassumono le ipotesi di partenza e i risultati della ricerca e si espongono le questioni aperte.Can internet logic scheme be used as a basis to describe public policies evolution on renewable energies production and sharing in urban areas all over the world? The research project analyses the two networks (internet and energetic grids) architectures in actual and future urban areas. This analysis is connected with present and future forecasts energy productions from traditional fuels and from renewable sources. Theoretical analysis is conducted following a double conceptual pathway: - societal networks (Manuel Castells theory) and urban areas evolution (Saskia Sassen and Mike Davis) in order to picture the evolution of cities and towns in modern economies and in developing countries (Chapters 2 and 5); - Material and Energy Flow Analysis (approach by Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy) applied to renewable energy (Chapters 3 and 4) In Chapter 6 case studies are exposed on the deep cleavage between two different worlds: innovative, rich towns on a side and the landfills cities, slums on the other side. In the last part hypothesis and thesis are put together and open questions are explained (Chapter 7).
Książki na temat "Union Network International"
1
(Israel), Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, red. The Israeli European Policy Network: The monitor of the EU-Israel action plan. Herzliya Pituach]: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (Israel), 2006.
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2
Ulf, Bernitz, Nergelius Joakim, Cardner Cecilia, Groussot Xavier i Swedish Network for European Legal Studies., red. General principles of EC law in a process of development: Reports from a conference in Stockholm, 23-24 March 2007, organised by the Swedish Network for European Legal Studies. Austin: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2008.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
3
Rose, Clive. The Soviet propaganda network: A directory of organisations serving Soviet foreign policy. London: Pinter Publishers, 1988.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
4
The Soviet propaganda network: A directory of organisations serving Soviet foreign policy. London: Pinter in association with John Spiers, 1988.
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5
IFIP-TC6/European Commission International Conference (2000 Paris, France). Networking 2000: Broadband communications, high performance networking, and performance of communication networks : IFIP-TC6/European Union International Conference, Paris, France, May 2000 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2000.
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Friedhart, Klix, i International Union of Psychological Science. Man-Computer Interaction Research Network., red. Man-computer interaction research: MACINTER-II : selected papers of the Man-Computer Interaction Research Network of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS). Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1989.
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1948-, Horner D. M., red. Breaking the codes: Australia's KGB network 1944-1950. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 1998.
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Network Seminar of the International Union of Psychological Science on Man-Computer Interaction Research. (1st 1984 Berlin, Germany). Man-computer interaction research: MACINTER-I : proceedings of the First Network Seminar of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS) on Man-Computer Interaction Research, Berlin, German Democratic Republic, October 16-19, 1984. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1986.
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Cross, Mai'a K. Davis. Security integration in Europe: How knowledge-based networks are transforming the European Union. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2011.
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Eric, Lee. The labour movement and the internet: The new internationalism. London: Pluto Press, 1997.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Union Network International"
1
Rieker, Pernille, i Mathilde T. E. Giske. "Strategic Autonomy Through External Differentiation". W The European Union in International Affairs, 93–121. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44546-0_5.
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AbstractThe EU engages extensively with states surrounding the Union. Since its inception, the EU has been successful in creating a network of agreements and institutional relationships with other states, whether they are potential new members of the Union or not. Non-members have been invited to participate in the EU’s internal market; to participate in various decentralised agencies; or to enter trade, partnership, or association agreements with the Union. These are all parts of what we have previously referred to as the “broader area” of European foreign and security policy. While Chapter 4 explored EU cooperation with third countries in relation to security and defence, this chapter takes a broader perspective on EU foreign and security policy, looking instead at EU-third country cooperation in a wider variety of policy fields. Building on the framework presented in Chapter 2, it explores DI beyond the Union, and how the EU and European states together, through a wider network of European cooperation and DI, are contributing to increased European strategic autonomy. As far as vertical differentiation, also known as “deepening,” is concerned with the formal member states and the transfer of power from the national to the European level of governance, this is of limited relevance to a discussion of deeper integration between the EU core and non-members. Horizontal DI, or “widening,” however, is concerned with the territorial and normative expansion of EU policies, and is therefore of greater relevance. The discussion below looks at both bilateral and multilateral agreements between the EU and various associated non-members, among them the EFTA states, the UK, Turkey and other candidate countries, as well as institutional frameworks and membership of non-EU members in various decentralised agencies.
2
Boyashov, Anatoly. "Network Power Europe and Competition at the UN Human Rights Council". W Global Studies, 61–82. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839457474-003.
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The chapter's argument anchors the debates on what type of a competitor the European Union is. On a larger scale, it addresses the question about the nature of competition within the United Nations. A large share of European integration literature suggests that the EU competes as a “normative power Europe” thus identifying competition as a struggle for prestige and status. The proponents of the other perspective pinpoint the EU identity as a “market power Europe”-to gain advantages, the EU hence seeks to guide competition with its wealth. This chapter argues the augmenting complexity of international organizations pushes the EU to act as “network power Europe” and compete for the structural position a “bridge” in complex networks.
3
Del Rossi, Maria Paola. "Bruno Trentin e l’Europa in prospettiva transnazionale". W Diritti, Europa, Federalismo, 19–47. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0049-3.05.
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Starting from the reconstruction of Bruno Trentin's transnational network of political and intellectual relationships, the essay analyzes the European and international dimensions of his political and trade union activity from the years of his leadership of the General Secretary up to his experience in the European Parliament. The union of rights and the political program on Europe are the main themes of the essay. They are combined with the question of the construction of political Europe and the institutional reform of the Union, and culminate in his contribution to the European Parliament, in the aftermath of the elaboration of the "European Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union," and on the occasion of the debate on the European Constitution.
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Bauer, Georg F. "Salutogenesis Meeting Places: The Global Working Group, the Center, and the Society on Salutogenesis". W The Handbook of Salutogenesis, 47–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_6.
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AbstractIn this chapter, the author provides the reader with a useful description of Salutogenesis meeting places. These are the Society for Theory and Research on Salutogenesis (STARS) and the Global Working Group on Salutogenesis (GWG-Sal) of the International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE). The author also provides information about the Center on Salutogenesis at the University of Zürich in Switzerland. The Center is the host organization of both meeting places. The key message of this chapter is that one’s involvement in STARS will extend one’s professional network, open new avenues for research and publishing, and help achieve a vision of “salutogenesis for thriving societies.” The reader wanting to connect more directly to a global salutogenesis network will find this chapter to be of great practical value.
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López, Tatiana. "Conclusion: Lessons for Building Union Power in Garment Producing Countries and Benefits of a Relational Approach for Analysing Labour Control and Labour Agency in GPNs". W Economic Geography, 281–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27387-2_8.
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AbstractThis chapter summarises central findings in light of the posed research questions and discusses the empirical and conceptual contributions of this book. In terms of empirical contributions, the book highlights the central role of local worker organisations in improving working conditions in the garment industry while simultaneously revealing the complex, networked labour control structures that constrain the terrain for labour agency in garment producing countries. Against this background, unions need to develop networked agency strategies that employ coalitional and moral power resources from international consumer and labour organisations to open up space for workplace organising and collective bargaining. Conceptually, the relational approach for studying labour control and labour agency in GPNs developed in this book contributes to reinvigorating a relational understanding of labour dynamics in GPNs as constituted through power-laden, networked relationships at the vertical and horizontal dimension of the GPN. Thereby the book addresses a gap in past scalar analyses, which have not sufficiently explored the specific links between network dynamics and territorial outcomes for labour at specific nodes of a GPN. The chapter concludes with final reflections on challenges and strategies for improving working conditions in the global garment industry and directions for further research.
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Elvins, Martin. "Networks, Expertise and International Governance". W Anti-Drugs Policies of the European Union, 41–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230006164_4.
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Borsuk, İmren, Pınar Dinç, Sinem Kavak i Pınar Sayan. "Consolidating and Contesting Authoritarian Neoliberalism in Turkey: Towards a Framework". W Authoritarian Neoliberalism and Resistance in Turkey, 11–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4213-5_2.
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AbstractDuring the early years of the ruling Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (Justice and Development Party, AKP), Turkey was seen as a burgeoning democratic power propped up by economic prosperity in line with the reforms for European Union (EU) accession and International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditionality. However, 20 years later, it is considered an emblematic case of democratic backsliding in line with rising poverty and inequalities that have been amplified as a result of sweeping neoliberal reforms and authoritarian consolidation in the country. The recent literature has identified these concomitant and complementary modes of authoritarian governance and neoliberal policies in Turkey as ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’. In this chapter, we discuss the dynamics of consolidation of authoritarian neoliberalism in Turkey as well as the acts of contention against it. Building mainly on the eight case studies presented in this volume, we put forward a framework that explains the consolidation of authoritarian neoliberalism in Turkey through the mechanisms of executive centralisation, autocratic legalism, cronyism, violence-fuelled rentier accumulation, criminalisation and stigmatisation, and contestations against authoritarian neoliberalism through strikes, protests, demonstrations, network building, litigation, everyday struggles, and armed acts of contention.
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Bocse, Alexandra-Maria. "Fracking in the European Union: Coalitions in Collision". W International Networks, Advocacy and EU Energy Policy-Making, 67–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49505-3_3.
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Bocse, Alexandra-Maria. "The European Union and Energy Policy: Developments and Institutional Actors". W International Networks, Advocacy and EU Energy Policy-Making, 35–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49505-3_2.
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Radoniewicz, Filip. "International Regulations of Cybersecurity". W Cybersecurity in Poland, 53–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78551-2_5.
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AbstractThere is no doubt that, due to the global nature of modern ICT networks, international cooperation plays a key role in ensuring cybersecurity, including in the fight against cybercrime.This chapter describes initiatives taken within international organizations to ensure cybersecurity and the prevention of cybercrime. The presentation will start with the initiatives of the OECD and the Council of Europe. This is due not only to some kind of “Eurocentrism” but above all to the fact that these two organisations were the first to address cybersecurity and cybercrime issues. In addition, the Council of Europe Convention 185 on CyberCrime of November the 23rd, 2001, an international agreement concluded in the Council of Europe, is a milestone in the prevention of computer crime, remaining the only binding act of international law to combat it. Its importance is best demonstrated by the constantly growing number of signatories (and countries that model without signatures after the provisions, e.g. Pakistan) and the fact that international organisations, or recommend that their members accept (UN, G7/G8, European Union) or “copy” provisions, creating their own model legal acts (e.g. Commonwealth).
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Union Network International"
1
Tzu-Chi Huang, Ce-Kuen Shieh, Wen-Huang Lai i Yu-Ben Miao. "Smart Tunnel Union for NAT Traversal". W Fourth IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nca.2005.50.
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Boar, Renata-Graziela, Alexandru Iovanovici i Horia Ciocarlie. "Complex network interpretation of European Union economic dynamics". W 2017 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sami.2017.7880303.
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Jiang, Yun, i Wendong Yang. "Evolution Analysis of European Union Airline Network Based on Complex Network Theory". W 22nd COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484265.243.
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Wang, Xin, Misbah Mubarak, Yao Kang, Robert B. Ross i Zhiling Lan. "Union: An Automatic Workload Manager for Accelerating Network Simulation". W 2020 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdps47924.2020.00089.
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Xie, Chunxun, i Cheng Li. "Union Contracts Based on Dynamic Supply Chain Network Strategy". W 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2008.1259.
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Wei, Jian-hui, Tong Wang i Di Wang. "Study on vehicle power union load testing system". W 2015 2nd International Conference on Wireless Communication and Sensor Network (WCSN 2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813140011_0103.
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Wu, Xiaowen, Yaoyao Ye, Wei Zhang, Weichen Liu, Mahdi Nikdast, Xuan Wang i Jiang Xu. "UNION: A unified inter/intra-chip optical network for chip multiprocessors". W 2010 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures (NANOARCH). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nanoarch.2010.5510930.
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Djordjevic, Katarina, Slobodanka Galović, Miroslava Jordovic-Pavlović, Dragan Markushev, Dragana Markushev, Mioljub Nešić i Marica Popović. "Еvaluation of Thermophysical Properties of Semiconductors by Photoacoustic Phase Neural Network". W 11th International Conference of the Balkan Physical Union. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.427.0157.
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Mahmudi, Naim, Murat Şen, Olgun Güven i Stojan Rendevski. "Characterization of Network Structure of Polyacrylamide Based Hydrogels Prepared By Radiation Induced Polymerization". W SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE BALKAN PHYSICAL UNION. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2733531.
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DOBRE, Florin, Amza MAIR, Alexandru VASILESCU i Anna KANT. "ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE TRANSPORT FLEET AT EU LEVEL". W International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/02.18.
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The general transport network in the European Union is of particular importance, especially given the operation of the two directives on the free movement of goods and services within the European Community. Transport is a strategic sector of the EU economy, which directly affects the daily lives of all EU citizens. Transportation services provide about 11 million jobs. They are a cornerstone of European integration, with fully interconnected and sustainable transport networks being a necessary condition for the completion and proper functioning of the European single market. The transport of goods and goods is carried out by road, rail, sea and air. Each of these transport routes has particularities that are suitable, depending on the group of goods, for the movement of goods. The European Union has adopted its own strategy aimed at developing and harmonizing the transport network in each Member State, so as to achieve a single transport network at Union level. In this context, using the data provided by Eurostat, the authors carry out a detailed analysis of the perspective of transport developments in the European Union. The volume of passenger and freight transport in the EU has increased in recent decades and this trend is expected to continue, albeit at a slower pace. Transport is an area of shared EU competence, which means that Member States can exercise their own competence, unless the EU has formulated common transport policies and strategies.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Union Network International"
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Jenkins, Glenn P., i George G. Poufos. Economic Integration and the Transformation of the Tax Mix: Cyprus 1990-2001. Inter-American Development Bank, wrzesień 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006639.
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This presentation was commissioned by the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the Tax Workshop on Fiscal Impact of FTAA celebrated on September 18th and 19th, 2002 in Washington, DC. Proposals for Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) have similar implications for the fiscal systems of the participating countries as now faced by countries preparing to gain entry into the European Union. Involves reducing taxes on international trade and increasing some combination of sales taxes (usually VAT), excise taxes, and income taxes.
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Frohmann, Alicia, Jaume Ventura, Rainer Schweickert, Michel Fouquin, Omar Licandro, Jacques Ziller, Helen Wallace, Rolf J. Langhammer i Claudio Bravo Ortega. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 2nd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, styczeń 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006622.
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The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level, negotiating trade liberalization at the regional and hemispheric level, as well as engaging in multilateral trade negotiations. Latin American countries are also negotiating cooperation and free trade agreements with other countries and regions of the world, both developing and industrial ones. These developments, as well the emergence of new powerful players on the international arena, such as China and India, represent opportunities but also enormous challenges for Latin America. In facing these challenges, the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are open to ideas, experiences and good practices that may contribute to their successful integration into an increasingly open and competitive international economy. In this regard, the rich European experience in the process of regional integration over the last decades that has brought about not only mutual trade liberalization, but also the establishment of joint institutions, a common currency as well as political cooperation and a strong component of solidarity among member countries could be of benefit for the region. Moreover, Latin America is an important market for the European Union as it positions itself in global competition and seeks partners for economic as well as political cooperation. With this in mind, in 2002, the Inter-American Development Bank, through the Special Office in Europe and the Integration and Regional Programs Department, through the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), launched the Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT). The Network operates with the collaboration of partner European centers, leaders in research in the area of integration and trade. ELSNIT represents a platform for an exchange of ideas between European and Latin American experts, and ultimately a source of support for policy makers on both sides of the Atlantic. This publication provides an account of the main findings of the second cycle of activities of the Network during 2004/2005.
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Ventura, Jaume, Rainer Schweickert, Michel Fouquin, Omar Licandro, Jacques Ziller i Rolf J. Langhammer. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 3rd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, wrzesień 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006623.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level, negotiating trade liberalization at the regional and hemispheric level, as well as engaging in multilateral trade negotiations. Latin American countries are also negotiating cooperation and free trade agreements with other countries and regions of the world, both developing and industrial ones. These developments, as well the emergence of new powerful players on the international arena, such as China and India, represent opportunities but also enormous challenges for Latin America. In facing these challenges, the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are open to ideas, experiences and good practices that may contribute to their successful integration into an increasingly open and competitive international economy. In this regard, the rich European experience in the process of regional integration over the last decades that has brought about not only mutual trade liberalization, but also the establishment of joint institutions, a common currency as well as political cooperation and a strong component of solidarity among member countries could be of benefit for the region. Moreover, Latin America is an important market for the European Union as it positions itself in global competition and seeks partners for economic as well as political cooperation. With this in mind, in 2002, the Inter-American Development Bank, through the Special Office in Europe and the Integration and Regional Programs Department, through the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), launched the Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT). The Network operates with the collaboration of partner European centers, leaders in research in the area of integration and trade. ELSNIT represents a platform for an exchange of ideas between European and Latin American experts, and ultimately a source of support for policy makers on both sides of the Atlantic. This publication provides an account of the main findings of the second cycle of activities of the Network during 2005/2006.
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Dudoit, Alain, Molivann Panot i Thierry Warin. Towards a multi-stakeholder Intermodal Trade-Transportation Data-Sharing and Knowledge Exchange Network. CIRANO, grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/mvne7282.
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The performance of supply chains used to be mainly the concern of academics and professionals who studied the potential efficiencies and risks associated with this aspect of globalisation. In 2021, major disruptions in this critical sector of our economies are making headlines and attracting the attention of policy makers around the world. Supply chain bottlenecks create shortages, fuel inflation, and undermine economic recovery. This report provides a transversal and multidisciplinary analysis of the challenges and opportunities regarding data interoperability and data sharing as they relate to the ‘Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway Trade Corridor’ (GLSLTC)’s intermodal transportation and trade data strategy. The size and scope of this trade corridor are only matched by the complexity of its multimodal freight transportation systems and growing urbanization on both sides of the Canada-US border. This complexity is exacerbated by the lack of data interoperability and effective collaborations between the different stakeholders within the various jurisdictions and amongst them. Our analytical work relies on : 1) A review of the relevant documentation on the latest challenges to supply chains (SC), intermodal freight transport and international trade, identifying any databases that are to be used.; 2) A comparative review of selected relevant initiatives to give insights into the best practices in digital supply chains implemented in Canada, the United States, and the European Union.; 3) Interviews and discussions with experts from Transport Canada, Statistics Canada, the Canadian Centre on Transportation Data (CCTD) and Global Affairs Canada, as well as with CIRANO’s research community and four partner institutions to identify databases and data that they use in their research related to transportation and trade relevant data availabilities and methodologies as well as joint research opportunities. Its main findings can be summarized as follow: GLSLTC is characterized by its critical scale, complexity, and strategic impact as North America’s most vital trade corridor in the foreseeable further intensification of continental trade. 4% of Canadian GDP is attributed to the Transportation and Logistics sector (2018): $1 trillion of goods moved every year: Goods and services imports are equivalent to 33% of Canada’s GDP and goods and services exports equivalent to 32%. The transportation sector is a key contributor to the achievement of net-zero emissions commitment by 2050. All sectors of the Canadian economy are affected by global supply chain disruptions. Uncertainty and threats extend well beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic. “De-globalization” and increasing supply chains regionalization pressures are mounting. Innovation and thus economic performance—increasingly hinges on the quantity and quality of data. Data is transforming Canada’s economy/society and is now at the center of global trade “Transport data is becoming less available: Canada needs to make data a priority for a national transportation strategy.” * “How the Government of Canada collects, manages, and governs data—and how it accesses and shares data with other governments, sectors, and Canadians—must change.”
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Murphy, Keire, i Anne Sheridan. Annual report on migration and asylum 2022: Ireland. ESRI, listopad 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat124.
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Annual Report on Migration and Asylum gives overview of statistics and developments in migration in 2022. The European Migration Network (EMN) Ireland within the ESRI has published its annual review of migration and asylum in Ireland. The EMN is an EU network that provides objective, comparable policy-relevant information on migration and international protection. EMN Ireland is located in the ESRI and is funded by the European Union and the Department of Justice. With an overview of the latest data as well as policy and operational developments, research, and case law from 2022, this report is a comprehensive reference that gives an opportunity to view the entire migration landscape in Ireland. The report shows that many forms of migration are recovering quickly from COVID-19 travel restrictions. It also shows that migration is being impacted by shortages in the labour market and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. As a result of these developments and others, Ireland saw a significant increase in immigration, with 141,600 people arriving in the year leading up to April 2023, according to CSO figures. This represents a 31% increase from the year to April 2022. However, emigration also increased, with 64,000 individuals leaving Ireland during the same period, marking a 14% increase from the previous year. 2022 saw a significant increase in first residence permits (which are granted to migrants from outside the EEA) from 2021. 85,793 permits were issued in 2022, with education the most common reason for permits (48%). Partially reflecting changes to eligible occupations for employment permits, the number of employment permits issued was the highest in the last 10 years. 39,995 employment permits were issued, with the information and communication sector the largest recipient of permits. Key developments in this area highlighted by the report include discussions on and progress with the Employment Permits Bill, changes to the Atypical Working Scheme, plans for a single application procedure for employment permits and immigration permissions, and changes to employment permits occupation lists to respond to labour market shortages. The report analyses international protection, showing significant increases in international protection applications as well as details of applications, decisions made, and statuses awarded. It shows an expansion of decision-making in response to increased applications. Looking at the broader EU situation, the report shows that applications for international protection in Ireland accounted for 1.3% of the EU total in 2022. The report also details the pressure on the reception and accommodation system for international protection applicants and beneficiaries of temporary protection, as well as the extraordinary measures taken to scale these up. It highlights measures taken to implement the White Paper to End Direct Provision and informs on a review of timelines of the plan. It discusses changes made by the International Protection Office to speed up processing, and criticism of these measures by NGOs, as well as details of the regularisation scheme for undocumented migrants and the humanitarian admission of Afghans. The Temporary Protection Directive – an EU Directive that creates an exceptional measure to provide immediate and temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons – was triggered for the first time in March 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. As a result, the report includes a dedicated chapter with statistics relating to arrivals and a detailed overview of Ireland’s response to displaced persons from Ukraine. It also gives a comprehensive overview of other areas of migration, as well as research and case law from 2022, providing a crucial reference text for anyone working in the area.