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Ahn, Sung (Dean) H. "Investigation of shallow UNDEX in littoral ocean domain." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42571.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>With recent delivery of littoral combat ships, the impact of operating in shallow or littoral ocean domain (LOD) during the duration of their life cycle is of interest, and a shock trial or hardening test and validation for this class is needed. For this study, the theories of underwater shock phenomena as applied within the boundaries of LOD, specific to the Eulerian fluid domain were conducted. The results of varying ocean depth show clear distinction in UNDEX characterization at depths shallower than 300ft. Varying charge size and depth showed that charge size of less than 300lbs of HBX-1 displayed a linear relationship while changing the charge depths to near water-air or water-bottom interface also resulted in amplified characteristics of UNDEX parameters. In addition, varying lateral boundary showed that as its distance is brought inside the radius of bulk cavitation, the UNDEX behavior also became increasingly chaotic due to similar effects seen in the shallower bottom depth. Lastly, adding blocked cells prior to a full scale coupled run showed that fluid behaves more erratically as these small rigid boundaries are situated within the radius of forming bulk cavitation.
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Sjöstrand, Edvin. "Structural Analysis of Underwater Detonations." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85099.
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The knowledge how an object withstand an underwater detonation is critical within the defense industry. This is mostly done today with physicals test which are both time consuming and connected with high costs. The aim of this thesis is to provide recommendations and guidelines on how to model and analyze a structural response of underwater detonations. This investigation are focused on firstly investigate several theoretical simulation methods and thereafter develop a model of the chosen method. The simulation method was decided to be the Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian Euler(MMALE) using the software LS-Dyna. To receive a model with functionality to simulate an explosion a method of six steps is developed to increase the complexity. The final step is to be able to analyze a structural response of an object. The validation phase contained several convergence studies of the two Equations of states and a varying element size compared to analytical equations. The plan was to perform a validation test but because of travel restrictions due to the Covid-19 situation an alternative validation method was used. This method involved two external reports with specified measurement data. The aim to develop a model is reached as the model performs well against the cylinder in the validation phase, however the element size is the most important parameter in an accurate model. The developed model shows good agreement regarding the structural response of an object when compared to well defined and reported experiments.
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Walters, Adam P. "Investigation of an explicitly modeled solid ocean floor on a shallow water UNDEX event." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5530.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.<br>Current practices for modeling the ocean floor in underwater explosion simulations call for application of an inviscid fluid with soil properties. A method for modeling the ocean floor as a Lagrangian solid, vice an Eulerian fluid, was developed in order to determine its effects on underwater explosions in shallow water using the DYSMAS solver. The Lagrangian solid bottom model utilized transmitting boundary segments, exterior nodal forces acting as constraints, and the application of prestress to minimize any distortions into the fluid domain. Elastic materials were used, though multiple constitutive soil models can be applied to improve the accuracy. This method is unable to account for soil cratering effects, however it provides the distinct advantage of modeling contoured ocean floors such as dredged channels and sloped bottoms absent in Eulerian formulations. The dynamic loading effects of the investigated bottom contours were found to be negligible in the analyzed cases as a result of the bulk cavitation zone which dominates the chosen fluid field and serves as a buffer to the target. In addition to its utility in bottom modeling, implementation of the non-reflecting boundary along with realistic material models can be used to drastically reduce the size of current fluid domains.
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Mathew, Ajai Kurian. "Modeling Underwater Explosion (UNDEX) Shock Effects for Vulnerability Assessment in Early Stage Ship Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82531.
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This thesis describes and assesses a simplified tool for modeling underwater explosion shock effects during early naval ship concept design. A simplified fluid model using Taylor flat-plate theory is incorporated directly into the OpenFSI module code in Nastran and used to interface with the structural solver in Nastran to simulate a far-field shockwave impacting the hull. The kick-off velocities and the shock spectra captured in this computationally efficient module is compared to results from a high-fidelity CASE (Cavitating Acoustic Spectral Element) fluid model implemented with the ABAQUS/Nastran structural solver to validate the simplified framework and assess the sufficiency of this very simple but, fast approach for early stage ship design.<br>Master of Science
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Elder, David James, and d. elder@crc-acs com au. "Optimisation of parametric equations for shock transmission through surface ships from underwater explosions." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080212.105012.
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Currently shock effects on surface ships can be determined by full scale shock trials, Finite Element Analysis or semi empirical methods that reduce the analytical problem to a limited number of degrees of freedom and include hull configurations, construction methods and materials in an empirical way to determine any debilitating effects that an explosion may have on the ship. This research has been undertaken to better understand the effect of hull shape on surface ships' shock response to external underwater explosions (UNDEX). The study is within the semi empirical method category of computations. A set of simple closed-form equations has been developed that accurately predicts the magnitude of dynamic excitation of different 2- D rigid-hull shapes subject to far-field UNDEX events. This research was primarily focused on the affects of 2-D rigid hull shapes and their contribution to global ship motions. A section of the thesis,
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Park, Jinwon. "A Runge Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin-Direct Ghost Fluid (RKDG-DGF) Method to Near-field Early-time Underwater Explosion (UNDEX) Simulations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28905.
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A coupled solution approach is presented for numerically simulating a near-field underwater explosion (UNDEX). An UNDEX consists of a complicated sequence of events over a wide range of time scales. Due to the complex physics, separate simulations for near/far-field and early/late-time are common in practice. This work focuses on near-field early-time UNDEX simulations. Using the assumption of compressible, inviscid and adiabatic flow, the fluid flow is governed by a set of Euler fluid equations. In practical simulations, we often encounter computational difficulties that include large displacements, shocks, multi-fluid flows with cavitation, spurious waves reflecting from boundaries and fluid-structure coupling. Existing methods and codes are not able to simultaneously consider all of these characteristics.
A robust numerical method that is capable of treating large displacements, capturing shocks, handling two-fluid flows with cavitation, imposing non-reflecting boundary conditions (NRBC) and allowing the movement of fluid grids is required. This method is developed by combining numerical techniques that include a high-order accurate numerical method with a shock capturing scheme, a multi-fluid method to handle explosive gas-water flows and cavitating flows, and an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) deformable fluid mesh. These combined approaches are unique for numerically simulating various near-field UNDEX phenomena within a robust single framework. A review of the literature indicates that a fully coupled methodology with all of these characteristics for near-field UNDEX phenomena has not yet been developed.
A set of governing equations in the ALE description is discretized by a Runge Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) method. For multi-fluid flows, a Direct Ghost Fluid (DGF) Method coupled with the Level Set (LS) interface method is incorporated in the RKDG framework. The combination of RKDG and DGF methods (RKDG-DGF) is the main contribution of this work which improves the quality and stability of near-field UNDEX flow simulations. Unlike other methods, this method is simpler to apply for various UNDEX applications and easier to extend to multi-dimensions.<br>Ph. D.
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Webster, Keith Gordon. "Investigation of Close Proximity Underwater Explosion Effects on a Ship-Like Structure Using the Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Finite Element Method." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31077.
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This thesis investigates the characteristics of a close proximity underwater explosion and its effect on a ship-like structure. Finite element model tests are conducted to verify and validate the propagation of a pressure wave generated by an underwater explosion through a fluid medium, and the transmission of the pressure wave in the fluid to a structure using the Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian/Eulerian method. A one dimensional case modeling the detonation of a spherical TNT charge underwater is investigated. Three dimensional cases modeling the detonation of an underwater spherical TNT charge, and US Navy Blast Test cases modeling a shape charge and a circular steel plate, and a shape charge and a Sandwich Plate System (SPS) are also investigated. This thesis provides evidence that existing tools and methodologies have some capability for predicting early-time/close proximity underwater explosion effects, but are insufficient for analyses beyond the arrival of the initial shock wave. This thesis shows that a true infinite boundary condition, a modified Gruneisen equation of state near the charge, and the ability to capture shock without a very small element size is needed in order to provide a sufficient means for predicting early-time/close proximity underwater explosion effects beyond the arrival of the initial shock wave.<br>Master of Science
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Smith, James R. "Effect of fluid mesh truncation on the response of a Floating Shock Platform (FSP) subjected to an Underwater Explosion (UNDEX)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA371731.
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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1999.<br>"September 1999:. Thesis advisor(s): Young S. Shin. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-72). Also Available online.
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Petrusa, Douglas C. "Evaluation and analysis of DDG-81 simulated athwartship shock response." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FPetrusa.pdf.
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Didoszak, Jarema M. "Parametric studies of DDG-81 ship shock trial simulations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FDidoszak.pdf.
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Borus, Peter Kimutai. "Measles vaccination in Kenya : determination of vaccine coverage, determinants of receipt of vaccination and the quality of immunisation services in slum areas of Nairobi." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289764.
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Stevenson, Justin. "Triage of Trauma Patients Injured By Large Animals: Do Urban Doctors Undertriage?" Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623543.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.<br>In the United States the responsibility to develop criteria for trauma patient’s triage status rests upon individual hospitals rather than the American College of Surgeons. Traumatic injuries from large animals represent a potential need for expanded hospital resources. Urban emergency departments are less likely to regularly see patients with large‐animal related injuries and might be expected to underestimate the predicted injuries. There is scarce research on the topic of initial triage designation for large‐animal related injuries. The aim of this study is to investigate the adequacy of the initial triage designation given to patients presenting with injuries from animals larger than themselves at an urban, safety net, academic Emergency Department and Trauma Center (ACS Level 1 Adult, Level 2 Pediatric). A retrospective chart review was performed on patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) from Jan 2006 until September 2015 with injuries resulting from animals larger than the patient. A total of 213 patients met the inclusion criteria. Our study found that trauma patients injured by large animals who are triaged as low priority have dispositions that are not statistically different from those with higher initial prioritization.
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Andersson, Elise, and Veronica Bertilsson. "Planera och budgetera osäkerhet i skolförvaltningen : en kvalitativ undersökning i tre kommuner." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9658.
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Problematiken för vår undersökning grundar sig i den nya skollagen som trädde i kraft i juli 2011. Där står det reglerat att kommunen är ansvarig för alla elever i en kommun. Då det nu råder fritt skolval enligt den nya skollagen, kan elever och dess vårdnadshavare själva välja vilken grundskola de vill gå på. Eleverna kan antingen välja en kommunal grundskola eller en friskola och därmed blir planeringen och budgeteringen av elevantalet osäker för kommunerna då de inte vet hur många elever som kommer att gå i de olika skolorna. Vårt syfte med denna undersökning är att skapa förståelse för och en fördjupad kunskap om hur skolförvaltningen inom kommunen går tillväga för att planera och budgetera osäkerhet och om budgetarbetet har påverkats av det fria skolvalet och friskolorna. Undersökningen baseras på en kvalitativ metod med tre intervjuer av ekonomer på skolförvaltningen i tre kommuner; Helsingborgs stad, Lunds kommun och Kristianstads kommun. Utifrån det empiriska materialet har det framkommit att ledorden i budgetarbetet är; planering, kommunikation och kontroll. För att kunna budgetera för verksamheten som är oviss på grund av det osäkra elevantalet är dessa ledord viktiga i hela budgetarbetet, från förberedelser av budget till uppföljningen av budgetutfallet. Vad som har förändrats med införandet av det fria skolvalet och friskolorna är att det har blivit svårare att planera verksamheten och veta vilken skola som eleverna kommer att välja. Detta har medfört att behovet av långsiktig planering har blivit ännu viktigare och rektorerna har infört ett par tillvägagångssätt för att försöka ta reda på vilken skola eleverna kommer att välja. Det fria skolvalet och friskolorna har även bidragit till att kontrollen och själva uppföljningen har blivit än viktigare än det var tidigare.<br>The problem of our study is based on the new law of school which came into force in July 2011. In the law it is regulated that the municipality is responsible for all pupils in the municipality. Because of the new law of school the students and their guardians are free to choose which primary school they want to go to. Students can either choose a local school or an independent school and because of that planning and budgeting of the student population becomes more difficult for the municipalities when they do not know how many students will attend different schools. Our purpose in this study is to create an understanding and a deeper knowledge of how the school board in the municipality proceed in order to plan and budget uncertainty and if the budget has been affected by the free school choice and independent schools. This survey is based on a qualitative approach with interviews with economist on the school board in three municipalities; Helsingborgs’s city, Lund’s municipality and Kristianstad’s municipality. Based on the empirical material, it has emerged that the keywords in the budget are: planning, communication and control. To be able to budget for the schools which are uncertain because of the uncertain pupil numbers, these keywords are important throughout the whole budget process, from preparation of the budget to the monitoring of the budget. What has changed with the introduction of the free school choice and independent schools is that it becomes more difficult to plan for the schools and to know which school the students will choice. This has meant that long-term planning has become more important and principals have introduced a couple of approaches to attempt to find out at which school students will choice. The free school choice and independent schools have also contributed to the control and monitoring has become more important now than it was before.
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Aduhene, Kenneth. "The nature and socio-economic effects of mal-development in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Kent, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594405.
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Ekrami-Nasab, Nader. "An advanced numerical model for the dynamic compaction of unsaturated granular soils." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/608.
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Lees, J. S. "Vibrational spectroscopy of stressed and unstressed polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379832.
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Nyarko, Philomena Efua. "Child survival in Ghana : current determinants and relationships with fertility behaviour." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299415.
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Liu, Jianhui. "Dynamic behaviour of rigid-plastic beams." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480541.
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Kinzo, M. D'A G. "An opposition party in an authoritarian regime : the case of the MDB (Movimento Democratico Brasileiro) in Brazil, 1966-1979." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354776.
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Donovan, J. B. "The influence of prime minister Trudeau upon cabinet government and the higher civil service in Canada : Structural antecedents and political consequences." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381813.
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Tilson, E. C. "Augustus and law making." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379330.
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Iannuzzi, A. "Response of guyed masts to simulated wind." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378340.
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Al-Zamily, A. A. H. "Combined temperature and strain cycling effect on three steel alloys." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384447.
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Nensi, Tahera. "A study of stress-induced whitening in glass fibre reinforced epoxy laminates." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844140/.
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The aim of this study has been to investigate stress-induced whitening in glass fibre/epoxy (0,90)s laminates and to develop a technique to monitor the low strain damage associated with it. The effect of resin cure, laminate geometry, heat treatment and surface finish of glass fibres on the extent and development of damage has also been studied. It has been found that the whitening is caused by the development of micro-cracks in the resin. The micro-cracks developed in the 90° ply and occurred predominantly at or near points of contact between fibres where the strain magnification in the resin is highest. The cracks occurred near the fibre/matrix interface and extended into the resin with the crack faces lying at 90° to the loading axis. Careful observation under oblique illumination conditions has shown that the whitening effect is preceded by other colour effects so that the laminate is observed to gradually change colour from an original blue through to red or white depending on the level of cure of the matrix resin. The whitening is a result of ordinary diffuse reflections from cracks that are larger than the wavelength of light and occurs when the level of cure of the matrix system is low while the reddening is the result of Rayleigh or Mie scattering from cracks that are smaller than the wavelength of light and occurs when the level of cure of the matrix is high. An off-axis LASER diffraction technique has been developed to monitor the amount of damage in the transverse ply of laminates by measurement of the intensity of light diffracted by the micro-cracks. In addition to confirming the results obtained from photomicroscopy, it revealed that decreasing the inner 90° ply thickness in (0,90)s laminates resulted in a substantial increase in the amount of micro damage in the laminate. Heat treatment of the laminate after testing resulted in the disappearance of whitening and healing of micro-cracks in the resin which continues to cure during heat treatment. Successive heat treatments reduced the size of micro-cracks which developed on reloading. In addition to decreasing the rate of re-development of the original cracks on reloading, the heat treatment reduced the rate of development of "new" cracks formed at higher applied strains.
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Emil, Sydhagen. "Porträttmåleri under stormaktstiden : En studie av maktsymboler." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-125417.
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Bilder vars funktion är förmedla ett budskap är i fokus för denna uppsats. Syftet är att se hur ett urval av porträtt av regenter används i politiska syften för att manifestera sig själva som en reflektion av staten, detta berör den visuella bilden av kungen vars syfte är att övertyga om en ledares kvalitativa egenskaper. Med andra ord, hur förmedlade man sin maktposition och hur man vidmakthöll sin påverkan över befolkningen och riket med hjälp av den visuella retoriken. Det är en analys över stormaktstidens kulturella syn över sin egen självbild som en nybliven maktstat och viljan att visa sig likvärdig bland dem andra europeiska staterna, både gällande de kulturella och politiska aspekterna. Maktsymboler är viktiga retoriska inslag i konsten som berättar om individens intentioner, anspråk och rättigheter. Därför kommer en betydande del av uppsatsen att verifiera och definiera användningen av symboler i porträtter. Dessa kan vara identitetsbyggande symboler eller metaforer för auktoriteten och andra maktbesläktade egenskaper. Exempel på dessa symboler är bland annat konkreta objekt, ansiktsdrag, gester, posering och tecken. Genren ryttarporträtt kommer att behandlas för att betona betydelsen av hästen i konsten och samhället. Hästen är en viktig aspekt i människans vardag som transport och som status. Under slutet av 1600-talet var det vanligt att porträtteras i antika romerska kläder vilket skulle återknyta antikens ideal. Fenomenet á la romaine som det kallas kommer att diskuteras eftersom det berättar mycket om 1600-tals människans anknytning till det förgångna och dess influenser i konsten. Speciellt till den romerska kulturen medsitt bildspråk och maktspråk som togs in i det samtida kulturlivet. Mina frågeställningar är följande: Hur yttrade sig idealen att avbilda mäktiga personer under stormaktstiden? Vad ville hovet berätta med den spridda bilden av regenten? Vad finns det för symboler i porträtten som visar på den avbildades ställning?
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Lamb, James Alexander. "Under-reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions to the Food & Drug Administration." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6055.
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This study examined the potential significant differences in the distribution of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by reporter (consumer versus physician) and patient outcome at case and event level. This study also contains exploratory questions to evaluate reporting of ADRs by consumers versus physician by system organ class (SOC) and reporter demographics within the United States Food & Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). The theoretical foundation applied in this quantitative study was the social amplification of risk framework. Data from the second quarter of 2016 were obtained from FAERS, and a total of 87,807 ADR reports corresponding to 143,399 ADRs were analyzed by utilizing the chi-square test, the odds ratio, and logistic regression. Cross-sectional design was employed to compare reporting of ADRs at the case and event level (case-based and event-based analyses, respectively) between reporters (consumer versus physician), specifically, for patient outcome, as well as SOC and reporter demographics. For both the case-based and event-based analyses, findings revealed that consumers reported more serious ADRs in comparison to physicians. Furthermore, findings confirmed a difference in ADR reporting between consumers and physicians depending on SOC groups. Additionally, consumers reported more nonserious ADRs in comparison to physicians. The results from this study may have implications for positive social change by augmenting pharmacovigilance systems at a national and international level to identify risks and risk factors spontaneously reported after drugs have been on the market.
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Abdelamer, Liena. "Den stressade eleven : En enkätstudie om stressorer som utsätter barnen för stress." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7770.
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Researchers claim that stress has become a word of fashion and is now frequently used. They also state that there is no accepted definition that can easily describe the concept. In this essay, I have examined children and stress. The aim of the diploma work is to illustrate stress more closely the stress concept, the underlying reasons that can influence children and how teachers and school staff support children in their stress handling. My three issues are: What is stress? What stressors put children, at home and at school, in a stress situation? How can teachers help children to manage their stress? The diploma work is based on a literature study in order to find out what has been written on the subject in earlier research. Moreover, the work is based on four interviews with three class teachers and a school nurse in order to illustrate their experiences of what stresses children at school. In order to get a good base for the work the children's participation was of utmost importance to get a good base for the work, therefore questionnaires were given to 89 children in class 4 and 5. The results of the questionnaires showed that children had little or no knowledge of the stress concept. They associate it most often with lack of time and having to hurry. Children can be stressed just like adults. In addition, stress levels differ greatly between them, which means that some children feel more stress-tolerant than others. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the child's environment affects the child, school and home being the greatest stress factors. Keywords: Children under stress, stress, stressor, stress handling.
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Risberg, Christoffer, and Hampus Lynghed. "Verifieringsplattform i SystemVerilog." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniksystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71606.
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Our task was to create a virtual test bench for verifying memory addresses in our commissioning body’s models. The purpose with the testbench was that it should be created in such a way that it would be easy to change the device under test without any major changes in the testbench. To solve the problem that the testbench had to be able to verify different devices we had to create a general enviroment for how the testbench had to be composed. By doing an analysis of which com-ponents that are usually included in a testbench and which components that were necessary in our project we came up with a generall enviroment for the testbench. Our result was a testbench with the follwing basic functions: * Read from a file that contains read and write operations to the Device Under Test (DUT).* Apply the stimulus to the device* Read the results from the device* Compare the results with wanted values* Generate a log file which contains information about the simulation result.
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Råsbrant, Jonas, and Martin Holmén. "Owner-Managers’ Equity Portfolio Choice." KTH, Industriell dynamik (Stängd 20130101), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122243.
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Some studies have shown that managers concentrate large fractions of their wealth in the equity of their own firm. In this paper we use a unique dataset and investigate how Swedish owner-managers invest remaining wealth conditional on a major investment in their own firm. We find no[JR1] evidence that owner-managers seek diversification benefits when they invest remaining wealth. Instead some owner-managers invest remaining wealth in the industry where they already have a substantial capital investment. We conclude that some owner-managers seek to exploit their industry-specific superior information when they invest wealth not tied up in their own firms.<br><p>QC 20130515</p>
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Okorie, Aaron Onyemaechi Darlington. "Cyclic loading of silt." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305257.
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Ignjatijevic, Gillian L. "The parish clergy in the diocese of Canterbury and archdeaconry of Bedford in the reign of Charles I and under the Commonwealth." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1986. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3009/.
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This study is concerned with the nature of the parish ministry in the diocese of Canterbury and archdeaconry of Bedford, its educational, professional, economic and social status, its work and its relations with the laity. It is also concerned with the impact of the Civil War and Interregnum on the profession. The pre-Civil War clergy formed a professional group with its own hierarchy, set of rules, rudimentary form of training and career structure. There was a strong sense of professional identity amongst them. The parish ministry was a popular profession in which most ministers could expect resonable renumeration and some chance of promotion. It can be termed a distinct social group, reasonably close to the gentry in social standing. It is likely that most ministers fulfilled their duties; and it is also likely that behind many presentments for clerical negligence lay local conflicts. Between the Scylla and Charybdis of Arminianism and Laudianism on the one hand and Puritanism on the other lay the Anglicanism of the majority of the pre-Civil War clergy. The 1640's and 1650's was a period of extreme but temporary dislocation for the profession. A significant number of ministers were deprived of their livings. Few of these were avid Laudians or implacable opponents of parliament. Many ministers found it difficult to collect their tithes. However, the overall adverse effects of the upheavals of this period should not be exaggerated, for a number of the ejected ministers made peace with parliament and were given new livings. Others were restored to the Church in the early 1660%. Most ministers escaped ejection; and many Anglican ministers survived in their livings undisturbed and it is likely that a number still used the traditional liturgy. The Anglican Church thus survived at a local level into the Restoration period.
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Yeshitela, Tizita. "Flip-chip bonding by electroplated indium bump." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27178.
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In hybrid pixel detector fabrication, high-density interconnection between focal plane array and the read-out integrated circuit is important. Bump bonding is the preferable assembly method, it is small in size, low cost, high performance and flexible I/O. Flip-chip bonding is a vertical connection technique of focal plane array and top substrate with solder bumps. In this paper, Flip-chip bonding by electroplated indium bumps is described. There are advantages of using indium as the solder material. It is relatively inexpensive, it has good thermal and electrical conductivity, it is ductile, and it is cryogenically stable. Indium bumps with a diameter of 30 µm are successfully prepared by an electroplating method, however removing indium conductive layer after electrodeposition is challenging. The corresponding electroplating indium bump process is also discussed. Electrical measurement was applied to detect the connection integrity of the flip-chip assemblies.
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Kukeba, Margaret. "Ethnography of household cultural feeding practices of children under five years in rural northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ethnography-of-household-cultural-feeding-practices-of-children-under-five-years-in-rural-northern-ghana(cac6d660-1ac9-447d-9fc3-1970fdb56df0).html.
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Background: Appropriate child feeding prevents nutrient deficiencies, diseases, and deaths in children. However, only 13.3% of children aged 6-23 months in Ghana receive the minimum acceptable diet. Thus, undernutrition remains high in rural northern Ghana, especially among under-fives. This is showing no improvement despite economic development and implementation of globally recommended nutrition & feeding interventions. There is limited context specific evidence about child feeding in rural northern Ghana. Aim: To examine how culture might impact upon the feeding of children under five years of age in rural northern Ghana. Methods: A qualitative ethnographic study was completed between October 2014 and May 2015. Data were collected in a rural Ghanaian community via participant observation and sixty-one ethnographic interviews with mothers, fathers, and grandparents in 15 households, and spiritual leaders are known as "diviners". Themes were developed through inductive analysis of field notes and verbatim transcribed interviews using a framework approach. Results: The content of a child's diet and the pattern of feeding were found to be influenced by the community's notion of food, taboos, and beliefs which originated in a traditional African religion. Shared household responsibility for feeding children and the gendered and age related hierarchy of household decision making also influenced child feeding. Discussion: This study has shown multifaceted taken-for-granted social and cultural influences on child feeding. Whilst mothers are the main recipients of the official public health nutrition and child feeding advice, the communal structures, living arrangements and social interactions support, enhance, and reinforce the community inclined practices that limit mothers' independent decision making. Conclusion: To effect community change and promote uptake of public health nutrition recommendations, a community wide nutrition intervention approach may be more beneficial than the current approach which targets mothers. Furthermore, community and cultural influences must be understood and considered by health professionals if such interventions are to succeed.
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Matlala, Dina Betty. "Development of strategies for caregivers on feeding practices of children aged 6 to 24 months in a township in Gauteng." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61664.
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Nutrition of children is crucial for normal physical, mental, and social development especially in the 6 to 24 months age group, as they are in the fast growing phase. Literature has reported under-nourishment as one of the causes of child mortality, which implies that addressing under-nourishment in children is one way of reducing child mortality. Nutrition guidelines for infants and children have been formulated by the World Health Organisation and the National Department of Health in South Africa. In spite thereof, there is a concern about the children between the ages of 6 to 24 months from a particular township in Gauteng who suffer from under-nourishment.
The aim of this study was to develop strategies to improve feeding practices among caregivers of children aged 6 to 24 months residing in the particular township. Method: The researcher followed a qualitative paradigm that was explorative and descriptive.
The first phase was to collect and describe current caregivers feeding practices (including cultural practices) of children 6 to 24 months. Data collection was done by means of two focus groups with purposively selected caregivers of children aged 6 to 24 months admitted in paediatric ward and diagnosed with under-nourishment alone or under-nourishment accompanied by other diseases. Caregivers' suggestions on how they can nourish their children aged 6 to 24 months was explored and described. The collected data was transcribed and coded into themes and sub-themes, followed by literature control. Caregivers suggested the following measures to improve their children's nutritional status: discarding old habits and adding new habits; introducing feeding pattern; the need to be provided with knowledge regarding factors associated with nutritional status; having access to information regarding financial management.
The strategies were then based on the following themes: (1) educating and training caregivers regarding (food groups, nutrition and malnutrition, preparation of food, hygienic maintenance of utensils and hands, Introducing and adhering to a certain feeding pattern and frequency, creation of small gardens, subsistence farming and the use of recyclable water and proper financial planning and budget (2) to motivate caregivers to enhance nutrition. The second phase was to refine the strategies with the inputs from purposively selected healthcare professionals based on their knowledge regarding nutrition of children. The completeness of the strategies were disconfirmed by healthcare professionals based on the fact that educating caregivers on food groups alone without simple meal plans and augmentation of available funds to buy those food groups was inadequate. Furthermore, drought, which leads to water restriction and lack of funds to buy seeds, hamper the sustainability of subsistence farming.
The significance of the study was that the caregivers, being responsible for nutrition of the children and being co-contributors of these strategies, buy-in was expected to improve the nutrition of the children and to improve nutritional health status. It is further expected that the strategies will be relevant and useful to other caregivers in the township.<br>Dissertation (MCur)--University of Pretoria, 2016.<br>Nursing Science<br>MCur<br>Unrestricted
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Chavez, Marin. "Underreporting of Fatigue in Gynecologic Oncology Patients." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623271.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.<br>Cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) is a well‐documented symptom among gynecologic oncology patients. However, there is little known about the etiology, and treatment options are currently suboptimal. While the lack of knowledge surrounding the intricacies of CRF impedes effective care, there is arguably a more serious barrier to delivering adequate treatment. Fatigue symptoms are highly underreported to physicians making it impossible to offer treatment to a large subsection of patients. This study will focus specifically on gynecologic oncology patients, a population with a staggering prevalence of CRF. The purpose of this study is to identify clinical, psychosocial, and lifestyle characteristics that may be associated with the underreporting of fatigue specifically in gynecologic oncology patients. The design of this study is a cross‐sectional survey. 89 subjects were recruited from three outpatient sites. Inclusion criteria included: (a) women age ≥18 years old with a known ovarian, uterine, cervical, vaginal, vulvar, or primary peritoneal cancer; (b) Currently attending physician’s office hours and/or undergoing chemotherapy at one of the above listed centers. This study will focus specifically on the reporting of CRF in gynecologic oncology patients. Results showed that barriers to reporting fatigue were significantly correlated with the chemotherapy cycle a patient was undergoing. Additionally, the date of last treatment, a patient’s weight, and the cancer stage was associated with higher levels of underreporting in this population. The prevalence of cancer related fatigue is staggering; however, there is limited research as to why patients are underreporting such a significant symptom to their health care team. With the knowledge from this study, screening for fatigue can become more efficient by targeting women in specific chemotherapy cycles. Practitioners can also use this data to identify patients with high‐risk characteristics that might contribute to their unwillingness to discuss fatigue symptoms.
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Bernold, Elizabeth. "Taxes, Trading or Both?: An Experimental Investigation of Abatement Investment under Alternative Emissions Regulation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10061.
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Emissions taxes and emissions permit trading schemes are designed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by providing incentives for large emitters to invest in less emissions-intensive production technologies. Whereas taxes place a fixed price on emissions, tradable permit schemes include a secondary permit market, from which allowance prices emerge after the regulation enters into force. Under a newly imposed regulation, the delay in price information contributes to uncertainty about the future cost of compliance that liable emitters will face, thereby challenging liable entities’ ability to make optimal abatement investment decisions. Using laboratory experiments, this thesis examines the effects of a policy regime that is similar to the one implemented in Australia in 2012. The regime includes a staged transition over time from a regulation-free environment, to an emissions tax and then to emissions trading. The thesis examines the effects of such a staged transition on investment decisions, the level of emissions, permit prices and trading behavior, comparing it to standard policy regimes of only an emissions tax and only emissions permit trading. The findings suggest that a regime based on a staged transition from a tax to permit trading results in lower compliance costs and higher overall allocative efficiency compared to a regime based solely on emissions trading in a market of heterogeneous producing firms.
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Lahiff, Edward Patrick. "Agriculture and rural livelihoods in a South African 'homeland' : a case study from Venda." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29102/.
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This is a socio-economic study of agriculture and its contribution to livelihoods in Venda, one of the black 'homelands' created in South Africa under apartheid. It is based on a survey of households on the Tshiombo irrigation scheme, a project in central Venda with approximately six hundred plot-holders. The alms of the study are to understand the opportunities and constraints facing small farmers, and to suggest ways in which public action can promote rural livelihoods and overcome the legacy of racial oppression and under-development in South Africa. The study includes a review of micro-studies of agriculture and livelihoods from the ten former homelands. A range of unpublished materials and original field research are also used to provide an overview of society and economy in Venda at the end of apartheid and to highlight the problems faced by households attempting to secure a livelihood from the land. The Tshiombo case found that agriculture, on average, contributed approximately a quarter of household income (in cash and kind), with the balance coming mainly from wages and state pensions. Wide disparities were found between households, however, in terms of land-holding, agricultural output and overall household income. Relative poverty was associated with a lack of wage income and poorer households tended to be disproportionately dependent on agriculture. Both arable and livestock farming were dominated by older men, some of whom had a history of off-farm employment but others who had been full-time farmers since the 1960s. The study concludes that there is scope for further development of the agricultural economy at Tshiombo but this will require comprehensive reform of existing state services such as tractor ploughing and agricultural extension. More flexible partnerships between the state and non-state organisations, including private entrepreneurs, individual farmers and the struggling Tshiombo Co-operative in the provision of credit, marketing and transport services are also identified as areas suitable for development. Constraints of land, capital and household labour suggest that in most cases agriculture is likely to remain supplementary to income obtained from the non-farm economy, but can be a valuable source of food and an important safety-net in times of crisis.
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Andersson, Johanna, and Sanna Ernstsson. ""Jag ville ge mitt barn de bästa förutsättningarna" : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om tankar kring matvanor under graviditet hos nyblivna förstagångsmammor." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-142211.
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Bakgrund Den blivande mammans matvanor under graviditeten är viktiga eftersom hon har ett ökat näringsbehov och försörjer en annan individ. En del av grunden för barnets framtida hälsa och matvanor ges redan i mammans mage. Trots det har studier visat att mammans matintag är otillräckligt jämfört med rekommendationerna samt att intaget av godis och fikabröd ofta ökar under graviditeten. Syfte Syftet med studien var att utforska inställningen till hälsosam och ohälsosam mat, samt hur denna inställning upplevdes påverka matintaget, hos nyblivna förstagångsmammor under graviditeten. Metod Åtta intervjuer genomfördes med nyblivna förstagångsmammor. Intervjuerna genomfördes med en semistrukturerad intervjuguide och spelades in med hjälp av en inspelningsapp. Data som samlades in transkriberades och analyserades sedan med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Deltagarna berättade att de ändrade inställningen till sina matvanor då de blev gravida. Det blev allt viktigare att äta en varierad kost innehållande mycket grönsaker och frukt (hälsosam mat), och intaget av snabbmat och produkter innehållande mycket socker minskade (ohälsosam mat). Denna inställning följdes inte under hela graviditeten, och intaget av snabbmat och sockerrika livsmedel ökade under den senare delen. Kostråden från vårdpersonal upplevdes som bristfälliga på grund av att de gavs för få råd, och att mycket information själv fick hämtas från framförallt Livsmedelsverket. Slutsats Deltagarna följde inte sin initiala inställning till upplevd hälsosam och ohälsosam mat under hela graviditeten. Deltagarna efterfrågade även mer information om mat under graviditet från vårdpersonal. Mer stöd och information från vården kan ge den gravida kvinnan bättre förutsättningar till att hålla en hälsosam kost under hela graviditeten.
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Amaran, Satyajith. "Interactions of Uncertainty and Optimization: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications to Chemical Site Operations." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/438.
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This thesis explores different paradigms for incorporating uncertainty with optimization frameworks for applications in chemical engineering and site-wide operations. First, we address the simulation optimization problem, which deals with the search for optimal input parameters to black-box stochastic simulations which are potentially expensive to evaluate. We include a comprehensive literature survey of the state-of-the-art in the area, propose a new provably convergent trust region-based algorithm, and discuss implementation details along with extensive computational experience, including examples for chemical engineering applications. Next, we look at the problem of long-term site-wide maintenance turnaround planning. Turnarounds involve the disruption of production for significant periods of time, and may incur enormous costs in terms of maintenance manpower as well as lost sales. The problem involves (1) the simulation of profit deterioration due to wear and tear followed by the determination of how frequently a particular turnaround should take place; and (2) the consideration of site network structure and turnaround frequencies to determine how turnarounds of different plants may be coordinated over a long-term horizon. We investigate two mixed-integer models, the first of which determines optimal frequencies of individual plant turnarounds, while the second considers maximizing long-term profit through coordination of turnarounds across the site. We then turn to more conventional methods of dealing with optimization under uncertainty, and make use of a combined robust optimization and stochastic programming approach to medium-term maintenance planning in integrated chemical sites. The nature of the uncertainty considered affects two aspects of maintenance planning, one of which is most suitably addressed through a robust optimization framework, while the other is better handled with stochastic programming models. In summary, we highlight the importance of considering uncertainty in optimization as well as the choice of approach or paradigm used through chemical engineering applications that span varied domains and time scales.
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Alcantara-Ayala, Irasema. "Modelling mass movement risk under semi-arid mountainous conditions : the Alpujarride complex, Spain." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267249.
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Tollance, Pascale. "A la frontière des genres : tragique, comique et épique dans Under the volcano de Malcolm Lowry." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030030.
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Si under the volcano se trouve tout entier place sous le signe tragique de la faille et de la beance, l'apparente conformite du roman avec le modele tragique classique pose probleme, et cela en depit des concessions que le roman peut faire aux preceptes aristoteliciens. C'est ici l'univers clos de la tragedie lui-meme qui se trouve fissure : l'univers pur de ses heros sans crainte et sans pitie, mais aussi l'ordre inebranlable sur lequel repose sa rhetorique. Ainsi la resolution qu'apporte la mort dans la tragedie semble ici vouee a ceder la place a une souffrance sans fin et a une errance interminable dans l'edifice en ruine du sens. L'indetermination que laisse subsister cette absence de perspective cathartique ne saurait toutefois s'apprehender uniquement par defaut. La fissure peut devenir synomyme d'ouverture, les scories et les impuretes du texte temoignent de la richesse d'univers qui demeure multiple et pluriel. Ainsi, la marge et les ecarts que menage le roman sont aussi exploites de facon comique, un comique qui joue sur tous les paradoxes du grotesque, mais exalte aussi les effets sublimes de l'humour. Ce jeu prend en outre la forme d'un voyage, d'une exploration, ou, d'etape en etape, se tisse le sens d'une duree et s'eprouve un lien autre avec le monde. Exiles, livres a eux-memes et tatonnant dans un monde rempli de spectres et de mirages, les personnages se trouvent neanmoins inclus dans quelque chose de plus vaste qu'eux-memes ; ils restent inscrits dans une continuite qui s'exprime notamment dans la forme circulaire du roman : under the volcano est au fond deja bien plus que la partie infernale de ce "voyage that never ends", le projet epique, dantesque de lowry<br>Under the volcano is built on a chasm whose continuous lurking presence reflects the ubiquity of the tragic therme in the novel. Nonetheless, the apparent conformity of the book with classical tragedy is highly problematic, and this, in spite of the concessions made to aristotelian rules. It is the closed world of tragedy itself which is riddled with cracks here: that pure realm, beyond pity and fear, which its heroes inhabit, but also the infallible order on which its rhetoric rests. Thus, the resolution which death normally provides in a tragedy seems doomed to be replaced by eternal suffering and an endless wandering through the ruined edifice of meaning. However, the uncertainty which triumphs through this lack of cathartic perspective cannot be viewed entirely negatively. Cracks are also openings, and the impurities of the text testify to the richness of a world which remains complex and diverse. The gaps and the discrepancies which are left in the text are also a source of comedy, a comedy which sheds light on the paradoxical nature of the grotesque, but also draws upon the sublime effects of humour. Besides, the play which the existence of this margin allows, takes on the form of a journey, where time is transformed and extended and a different link with the world is woven. Exiled, isolated and groping for a meaning in a world peopled by ghosts and mirages, the characters nevertheless find themselves included in something larger than themselves; they are part of a continuous process, exemplified by the trochal form of the novel: under the volcano is in many ways much more than the infernal part of that "voyage that never ends", lowry's uncompleted dantesque epic
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Mukherjee, Abhishek. "Recovering skin conductance responses in under-sampledelectrodermal activity data from wearables." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1564504668924504.
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Aladwani, Talal. "A comparative study of the obligation of due diligence to provide a seaworthy vessel under the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules and the Rotterdam Rules." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3664.
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In the last 100 years, vast technological and communicational changes have occurred in all modes of transportation, with momentous changes to the carriage of cargo by sea. In response, the shipping industry has attempted to codify, at the international level, regulations and standards with the aim of providing a safe environment at sea. In turn, the shipping industry’s regulations impact upon the way sea carriage is performed. The obligation of seaworthiness is no exception. The requisite standard of seaworthiness is also, to a limited extent, governed by the shipping indsutry’s regulations. It is notable that the shipping industry’s regulations cannot keep pace with technological developments and they therefore lag behind the latest inventions. This creates an imbalance in the risk borne between the parties to the contract of carriage. Accordingly, the current law on seaworthiness requires modification in order to keep up with the technological evolution in the shipping industry. For such reasons, the Rotterdam Rules and its provisions on seaworthiness, were agreed. This thesis focuses on the scope of the provisions that relate to the obligation of seaworthiness in the Rotterdam Rules as compared to the parallel obligation in the existing regime under the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules. In order to ascertain whether the new convention provides a sound system to govern the law relating to seaworthiness, it is necessary to deal with the carrier’s obligation of seaworthiness under the Rotterdam Rules as compared to the widely used regime of the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules. However, the Rotterdam Rules introduce additional changes to the regime governing the carriage of goods; for example, multimodal transport. These changes are also considered in this study. This thesis discusses the impact of multimodal carriage on the obligation and liability of seaworthiness. It proposes that a multimodality approach should not be used with particular types of sea carriage; for example, container carriage. Throughout the thesis, proposals for both regimes concerning changes to areas where the risk between the contracting parties is imbalanced are provided. This inevitably involves a detailed study on the provisions relating to the obligation of exercising due diligence (and related potential liabilities in case of breach) under the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules and the Rotterdam Rules.
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van, Aswegen Tanya. "Factors associated with morbidity and mortality in children under-five years admitted with severe acute malnutrition to a regional paediatric hospital in Kwazulu-Natal." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6741.
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Magister Public Health - MPH<br>Background: Malnutrition is a complex condition profoundly impacting child mortality and morbidity,
especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Severe acute malnutrition is of growing concern locally where
unacceptable mortality rates persist, despite reasonable standards of clinical care.
Aim: To determine factors associated with morbidity and mortality in children under-five years admitted
with severe acute malnutrition to a regional paediatric hospital in KwaZulu-Natal.
Methodology: This was a quantitative study. A retrospective observational study design was used. Medical
records of all children with severe acute malnutrition, under the age of five years, admitted between April
2015 and December 2016 to the regional paediatric hospital in KwaZulu-Natal were included. Data was
obtained from medical records and admission books. A trained research assistant was used to extract and
record data with a piloted data extraction tool. Data was entered and cleaned using Microsoft Excel and
analysed using SPSS (v 20) and STATA (v 14). Descriptive summary statistics were used to describe the
characteristics of the study population and bivariate analysis using t-tests and Chi-square tests to determine
significance. Kaplan Meier and Multivariate Cox regression was used to assess the association of variables
with morbidity and mortality.
Results: Of the 276 eligible case records included in the study, 54% were male and 90% of all cases were
younger than 2 years. Even though associations did not reach significance, teenage pregnancy and
unemployment was high amongst the caregivers of the study population. Most of the malnourished children
admitted (74%) presented with multiple comorbidities. Diarrhoea (43%), HIV- infection (30%) and
respiratory tract infections (30%) were the top three comorbidities found, followed by tuberculosis (27%).
The overall mortality rate was 8.7%. Survival probability was significantly reduced in children with
pneumonia and those who presented with hypoglycaemia, dehydration, dermatosis, severe pallor, altered
consciousness or shock on admission (p < 0.05). There was a significantly increased risk of death in males
(HR = 0.174, 95%CI = 0.05 - 0.665), and in those who presented with dehydration (HR = 4.1, 95%CI =
1.25 - 13.59), evidence of lethargy or coma (HR = 4.2, 95%CI = 1.04 - 17.12) or multiple clinical signs
(HR = 4.4, 95% CI =2.56 - 7.59) on admission (p < 0.05). The comorbidities HIV-infection (HR = 9.9,
95%CI = 1.39 - 70.68) and pneumonia (HR = 3.4, 95%CI = 1.56 - 7.43) showed a significantly increased
mortality risk (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study supports the body of evidence that despite reasonable standards of hospital care, it
is difficult to obtain the target for severe acute malnutrition mortality (< 5%), likely due to the presence of
contextually specific factors. Local interventions at hospital, primary health care and community level is
needed, as well as further research to facilitate comprehensive policy-making.
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Misra, Sanjeev. "Returns to Public Agricultural Expenditure Under Uncertainty." DigitalCommons@USU, 2000. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4197.
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A vast literature has investigated the returns to investment in agriculture research and generally found extremely high rates of return. These results suggest policymakers would do well to maintain or increase resource allocation to public agricultural research. Remarkably little attention has been paid, however, to the issue of how best to allocate public agricultural research funding between competing research areas and organizations. This paper considers the relative returns to alternative uses of public agricultural research funds committed to the agricultural experiment stations of 10 western states of the United States over the years 1967-91. A model of expected utility maximization subject to risk is presented with comparative analysis. After establishing empirically that the mean variance analysis would be an inappropriate method to solving the problem, a stochastic dominance testing method is employed to identify dominated and undominated research categories and state agricultural experiment stations. The mean variance analysis also is used to evaluate whether research productivity has been increasing or decreasing over time, and to establish which among the western states hold absolute advantage in particular research areas.
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Romslo, Maria, and Kristine Otnes. "Under overflaten : Transformasjon av renseanlegget under Akershus festning." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for arkitektur og billedkunst, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17614.
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Dias, Claire. "Under his roof : father-daughter relationships under renovation." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82700.
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My thesis is a collection of non-fiction and fictional narratives focused on domestic space and its impact on father-daughter relationships and vice versa. In all of the narratives the notion of a house under renovation serves as a vehicle for the figurative tension between members of the family and family space. The narratives offer no internal markers to indicate whether they are fiction or non-fiction, which demonstrates my conviction that only factors external to the text---relation to fact or to imagination---can determine a narrative's status as fiction or non-fiction.<br>The required afterword to my narratives discusses the theoretical problem of the distinction between fiction and non-fiction as well as the living nature of material culture and space as reflections and mediators of father-daughter relationships.
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Hempele, Frida, and Amanda Viklund. ""En tung börda på ett barns axlar" : En kvalitativ studie om vuxna barns upplevelse av att växa upp med alkoholmissbrukande vårdnadshavare och dess påverkan i vuxen ålder." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-158797.
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Studien syftar till att undersöka vad vuxna barn till alkoholmissbrukande vårdnadshavare upplever varit försvårande och hjälpsamt under uppväxten samt hur de tror att uppväxten påverkat deras liv i vuxen ålder. Detta undersöktes genom kvalitativ metod där skriftliga narrativ samlades in via en enkät som delades på Facebook. Resultatet delades in i tre teman: försvårande under uppväxten, stöd och hjälp under uppväxten samt uppväxtens påverkan på vuxenlivet. Datamaterialet analyserades med hjälp av anknytningsteori och Antonovskys teori KASAM. Det som respondenterna upplevde som försvårande under uppväxten var fysisk, psykisk och social utsatthet i form av bland annat våld och otrygghet. Försvårande var även att hålla situationen hemma hemlig, skolproblem och att ta ett stort ansvar i hemmet. Stödjande under uppväxten var för många respondenter någon nära person eller person i skolan som de kunde vända sig till. Majoriteten av respondenterna beskrev också att de hade önskat ett större stöd under uppväxten än vad de fick. I vuxen ålder beskrev flera av respondenterna att de till följd av sin uppväxt har problem med relationer, tillitsproblem och låg självkänsla. Flera beskrev även att det egna förhållningssättet till alkohol var annorlunda mot för hur de tror att det skulle ha varit vid en uppväxt utan alkoholmissbrukande vårdnadshavare. Studien har visat att en uppväxt med alkoholmissbrukande vårdnadshavare kan vara svår för barnet på flera sätt, vilket även framkommit i tidigare forskning. Studien visar på att bristen på stöd i uppväxten kan orsaka konsekvenser i det vuxna livet. En av studiens slutsatser är att dessa barn ändå klarat sig bra tack vare stöd av en skyddsfaktor som flera av respondenterna beskrivit som livsavgörande.
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Falkirk, Isabella. "Under Pressure." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20701.
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Under pressure is an expression of stress. It is about work becoming everything. It is about not being able to separate your self from your work. It is about carrying the office with you all the time.The result is a well kept together collection of garments ranging from commercial to experimental on the edge of not being wearable.<br>Program: Modedesignutbildningen
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Lydén, Malin. "Under jord." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168673.
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Tänk dig ett frö som formar sitt eget lilla hålrum i sin slutna sfär under jorden. Här ligger det i väntan på att få gro och slutligen komma upp och möta ljuset… Hotellet som ligger i Mariefred är som en egen liten fantasieggande värld som du kommer till för ett kortare tag. Här vistas du i rum som sluter om och kapslar in. Det finns ingen riktig gräns mellan väggar golv och tak. Det är som om man befann sig i ett kaninhål eller likt ett frö under jord. Konceptet bygger på en idé om att ge hotellets hotellrum och restaurang något extra. Jag ger därför hotellet ett växthus som får hjälpa till att bidra med en närproducerad odling av frukter och grönsaker till restauranten. Genom att skapa rum som ska ge hotellgästen en känsla av att befinna sig under jord, vill jag medvetandegöra ursprunget till allt som växer och odlas och som vi dagligen livnär oss på. På så sätt får hotellgästen en rumslig upplevelse som är utöver det vanliga och som går i linje med växthuset och restaurantens anda.<br>Imagine a seed shaping its own little cavity in its closed sphere under earth. Here it´s lying waiting to sprout and finally get up and face the light… The hotel located in Mariefred is like its own little imaginative world that you are going to for a short while. Here you are staying in rooms that close and encapsulate. There is no real border between the walls floors and ceilings. It is as if you were in a rabbit hole or like a seed under earth. The concept is based on the idea of giving the hotel rooms and restaurant somewhat extraordinary. I give the hotel a greenhouse that provides locally cultivation of fruits and vegetables to the restaurant. By creating rooms that gives the hotel guest a feeling of being under earth I want to raise the awareness of the origin of all that is growing and we daily feed on. This gives the hotel guests a spatial experience beyond the ordinary, and that goes in line with the spirit of the greenhouse and the restaurant.