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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Understanding”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 5 października 2024

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1

Kucer, Stephen B. "Understanding readers' differing understandings". Literacy 49, nr 3 (2.06.2015): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lit.12059.

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2

Seifter, Miriam. "Understanding State Agency Independence". Michigan Law Review, nr 117.8 (2019): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.117.8.understanding.

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Conflicts about the independence of executive branch officials are brewing across the states. Governors vie with separately elected executive officials for policy control; attorneys general and governors spar over who speaks for the state in litigation, and legislatures seek to alter governors’ influence over independent state commissions. These disputes over intrastate authority have weighty policy implications both within states and beyond them, on topics from election administration and energy markets to healthcare and welfare. The disputes also reveal a blind spot. At the federal level, scholars have long analyzed the meaning and effects of agency independence—a dialogue that has deepened under the Trump Administration. In contrast, there is virtually no systematic scholarly attention to the theory or practice of agency independence in the states. This Article begins that study. Surveying historical developments, judicial decisions, and legislative enactments across the country, it shows that state agency independence is an inexact, unstable, and variegated concept. Whereas federal courts treat independent agencies as a distinct legal category, state courts tend to eschew categorization in favor of contextual holdings. Moreover, despite the common notion that states’ plural-executive structure cements independence, these rulings just as frequently undermine it. State legislatures, for their part, revisit independence frequently, often in the wake of partisan realignments. And their creations are diverse, combining a range of vectors of insulation in different arrangements. The result is that there is no single meaning of state agency independence even within a state, and rarely a strong norm surrounding it. States’ legislatively driven, bespoke approach to independence offers insights for scholars of both state and federal institutional design. The state approach may yield better-tailored and more democratic arrangements. But it also displays raw partisanship, and the combination of weak norms with strong governors may stack the deck against independence. The state approach also raises deeper questions for public law: What are the costs and benefits of allowing the rules of the game to be consistently up for grabs? There is no formula for weighing these considerations beyond the context of any individual dispute, but this Article provides a launching pad for their sustained exploration.
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3

Stuke, Kurt B. "Understanding Leadership Through Leadership Understandings". Journal of Leadership Studies 7, nr 2 (czerwiec 2013): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jls.21291.

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4

Kidron, Eithan. "Understanding Administrative Sanctioning as Corrective Justice". University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, nr 51.2 (2018): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.51.2.understanding.

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When should a regulator prefer criminal sanctions over administrative sanctions? What procedural protections should apply if a process is labeled civil but the sanctions are, in fact, criminal in type? And can the state justifiably conduct parallel proceedings for punitive sanctions against the same person or entity for the same conduct? Throughout the years, judges and scholars alike have tried to understand and classify administrative sanctioning. Common to all of these conceptions is their failure to provide a complete normative framework for this unique body of law, which in turn makes it difficult to identify its practical limits and to resolve the practical difficulties mentioned above. This Article proposes a novel, normative paradigm for understanding administrative sanctioning. This Article suggests that an administrative violation is a manifestation of an ex-ante excessive risk to public right. Based on the rationale of corrective justice, administrative sanctions correct the excessive risk in the form of a preventative sanction. Thus administrative sanctioning restores equality in the correlative relations between the violator and the public right. The Article applies this suggested approach to address some of the practical difficulties administrative sanctioning raises.
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5

Goldman, Eric. "Understanding the Consumer Review Fairness Act of 2016". Michigan Technology Law Review, nr 24.1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36645/mtlr.24.1.understanding.

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Consumer reviews are vitally important to our modern economy. Markets become stronger and more efficient when consumers share their marketplace experiences and guide other consumers toward the best vendors and away from poor ones. Businesses recognize the importance of consumer reviews, and many businesses take numerous steps to manage how consumer reviews affect their public image. Unfortunately, in a misguided effort to control consumer reviews, some businesses have deployed contract provisions that ban or inhibit their consumers from reviewing them. I call those provisions “antireview clauses.” Anti-review clauses distort the marketplace benefits society gets from consumer reviews by suppressing peer feedback from prospective consumers, which in turn helps poor vendors stay in business and diminishes the returns that good vendors get from investments in quality (thus degrading their willingness to make those investments). Recognizing the threats posed by anti-review clauses, Congress banned them in the Consumer Review Fairness Act of 2016 (the CRFA). As the House Report explains, the law seeks “to preserve the credibility and value of online consumer reviews by prohibiting non-disparagement clauses restricting negative, yet truthful, reviews of products and services by consumers.” By doing so, the CRFA protects the production of information that helps marketplaces function more effectively. This Essay helps readers understand the CRFA. Part I provides some background about anti-review clauses. Part II describes the new law and how it relates to existing law. Part III considers if the law goes far enough to protect consumer reviews. The Essay then has a short conclusion.
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6

Rosner, Marcel, i Andrew Kang. "Understanding and Regulating Twenty-First Century Payment Systems: The Ripple Case Study". Michigan Law Review, nr 114.4 (2016): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.114.4.understanding.

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Ripple is an open-source Internet software that enables users to conduct payments across national boundaries in multiple currencies as seamlessly as sending an email. This decentralized Internet payment protocol could provide a cure to an inefficient cross-border payments system. Although Ripple’s technology can reduce significant risks and costs that exist in the international payments system, regulators should adopt a new regulatory framework that responds to how this technology works. This Note performs two functions to help regulators realize this goal. It first helps regulators and other market participants understand how Ripple operates by explaining what Ripple is and comparing it to current payments systems. Second, it suggests a series of principles that regulators should use to monitor decentralized Internet payment protocols like Ripple. It does this by drawing from and tailoring existing regulatory principles to account for the risks reduced and presented by Ripple.
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7

Mahfudin, Agus, i Mochamad Samsukadi. "Contextualization of Religious Understanding in Preventing Radical Understanding". International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 4, nr 3 (17.03.2023): 2074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2023.4.32784.

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8

Fox, Gary. "Understanding Nautilus's Reasonable-Certainty Standard: Requirements for Linguistic and Physical Definiteness of Patent Claims". Michigan Law Review, nr 116.2 (2017): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.116.2.understanding.

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Patent applicants must satisfy a variety of requirements to obtain a patent from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The definiteness requirement forces applicants to describe their inventions in unambiguous terms so that other inventors will understand the scope of granted patent rights. Although the statutory provision for the definiteness requirement has been stable for many years, the Supreme Court’s decision in Nautilus v. Biosig Instruments altered the doctrine. The Court abrogated the Federal Circuit’s insoluble-ambiguity standard and replaced it with a new reasonable-certainty standard. Various district courts have applied the new standard in different ways, indicating the need for further clarification. This Note argues that, following the establishment of the reasonable-certainty standard, courts may understand the definiteness requirement under a two-part framework of linguistic and physical definiteness, which are both required for claims to be definite. A claim fails the linguistic-definiteness requirement if it is open to multiple constructions and one construction is not clearly correct. Additionally, a claim fails the physical-definiteness requirement if it uses comparative terms or involves ambiguous spatial relationships not limited to a narrow range.
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9

Ogborn, Jon. "Understanding students’ understandings: An example from dynamics". European Journal of Science Education 7, nr 2 (kwiecień 1985): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0140528850070205.

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10

Nickerson, Raymond S. "Understanding Understanding". American Journal of Education 93, nr 2 (luty 1985): 201–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/443791.

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11

Oakes, M. Gregory. "Understanding Understanding". Teaching Philosophy 39, nr 3 (2016): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/teachphil20168551.

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12

Verständig, Dan, i Jens Holze. "Understanding Digital Media". Jahrbuch Medienpädagogik 15: Erziehungswissenschaftliche und medienpädagogische Online-Forschung: Herausforderungen und Perspektiven 15, Jahrbuch Medienpädagogik (6.03.2020): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/jb15/2020.03.06.x.

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Ausgehend davon, dass digitale Medien konstitutiv für soziale und kulturelle Räume sind, thematisiert der Beitrag thesenartig zwei zentrale Aspekte der erziehungswissenschaftlichen Online-Forschung. Zum einen wird die Bedeutung von onlineethnografischer Forschung im Horizont digitaler Medialität diskutiert, die als eine Methodologie den Blick auf die Formstrukturen von digitalen Medien und deren kulturellen und sozialen Rahmungen ermöglicht. Zum anderen erfordert der Umgang mit digitalen Daten eine methodische und methodologische Reflexivität hinsichtlich ihrer strukturellen Einbettung und Beschaffenheit. Hierbei wird gezielt auf die Frage abgezielt, wie man mit den technologischen Infrastrukturen überhaupt umgeht und welche Rolle nicht nur Daten, sondern auch digitale Methoden für die Erziehungswissenschaft spielen. Beide Thesen stehen in einer Wechselbeziehung. Es geht im Beitrag darum, die Verschränkungen deutlich zu machen und für einen reflexiven Umgang mit digitalen Daten, Methoden und Methodologien zu plädieren.
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13

Nayak, Santosh Kumar. "Understanding Comparative Literature". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-6 (31.10.2017): 953–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd5727.

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14

Kennedy, Bruce P., i Kurt W. Fischer. "Understanding Self-Understanding". Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 36, nr 1 (styczeń 1991): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/029324.

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15

Schwandt, Thomas A. "On Understanding Understanding". Qualitative Inquiry 5, nr 4 (grudzień 1999): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107780049900500401.

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16

Cat, Jordi. "On Understanding Understanding". International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 25, nr 4 (grudzień 2011): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02698595.2011.623368.

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17

Penrose, Roger. "On understanding understanding". International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 11, nr 1 (marzec 1997): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02698599708573547.

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18

Zeitlyn, David. "Understanding anthropological understanding". Anthropological Theory 9, nr 2 (czerwiec 2009): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499609103550.

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19

Goldberg, Arnold. "On Understanding Understanding". Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 62, nr 4 (8.07.2014): 677–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065114543188.

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20

Roberts, Tom. "Understanding ‘sensorimotor understanding’". Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 9, nr 1 (11.03.2009): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11097-009-9125-7.

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21

Huxster, Joanna K., Matthew H. Slater, Jason Leddington, Victor LoPiccolo, Jeffrey Bergman, Mack Jones, Caroline McGlynn i in. "Understanding “understanding” in Public Understanding of Science". Public Understanding of Science 27, nr 7 (23.10.2017): 756–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662517735429.

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This study examines the conflation of terms such as “knowledge” and “understanding” in peer-reviewed literature, and tests the hypothesis that little current research clearly distinguishes between importantly distinct epistemic states. Two sets of data are presented from papers published in the journal Public Understanding of Science. In the first set, the digital text analysis tool, Voyant, is used to analyze all papers published in 2014 for the use of epistemic success terms. In the second set of data, all papers published in Public Understanding of Science from 2010–2015 are systematically analyzed to identify instances in which epistemic states are empirically measured. The results indicate that epistemic success terms are inconsistently defined, and that measurement of understanding, in particular, is rarely achieved in public understanding of science studies. We suggest that more diligent attention to measuring understanding, as opposed to mere knowledge, will increase efficacy of scientific outreach and communication efforts.
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22

Skocz, Dennis E. "Understanding Understanding Media Phenomenologically". Glimpse 9 (2007): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/glimpse2007-89-103.

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23

Fouberg, Erin Hogan. "Understanding Space, Understanding Citizenship". Journal of Geography 101, nr 2 (marzec 2002): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221340208978475.

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24

Richardson, Robert D. "Understanding James, Understanding Modernism". New England Quarterly 90, nr 4 (grudzień 2017): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00655.

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25

de Jonghe, Frans. "Goldberg’s “On Understanding Understanding”". Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 63, nr 1 (luty 2015): NP27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065115571746.

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26

MURPHY, CRAIG N. "Understanding IR: understanding Gramsci". Review of International Studies 24, nr 3 (lipiec 1998): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210598004173.

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27

Glover, Jo. "Understanding Children's Musical Understanding". British Journal of Music Education 7, nr 3 (listopad 1990): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051700007865.

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Central to building any picture of children's musical development is the notion of musical understanding. As teachers we need constantly to seek a better understanding of what children's musical understanding involves and how it is acquired and displayed. Indications of how we may need to look at children's work are taken from a 1984–7 Bristol-based research project, and strategies subsequently adopted for use in initial and in-service teacher training are outlined.
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28

Koschmann, Timothy. "Understanding understanding in action". Journal of Pragmatics 43, nr 2 (styczeń 2011): 435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.08.016.

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29

Lynch, Michael. "Commentary: On understanding understanding". Journal of Pragmatics 43, nr 2 (styczeń 2011): 553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.08.018.

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30

Malpas, Jeff. "Placing Understanding/Understanding Place". Sophia 56, nr 3 (3.09.2016): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11841-016-0546-9.

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31

Lewin, Philip. "Understanding Narratively, Understanding Alterity". Human Studies 28, nr 4 (październik 2005): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10746-005-9003-4.

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Murphy-Shigematsu, S. "Understanding self, understanding others". BMJ 340, apr26 1 (26.04.2010): c2252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c2252.

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33

Bailey, James. "Understanding Bergson, Understanding Modernism". European Journal of English Studies 18, nr 2 (4.05.2014): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13825577.2014.895092.

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34

Ashlin, Stephen J., Iain Cardow, Alan Crawford, John K. Davies, Andrew Farncombe i Peter Mason. "Understanding Services: Understanding Stakeholders". INCOSE International Symposium 26, nr 1 (lipiec 2016): 2226–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2016.00291.x.

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Rastle, Kathleen. "Understanding reading, understanding writing". Cognitive Psychology Bulletin 1, nr 8 (2023): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscog.2023.1.8.18.

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Pavanasam, Velayutham, i Chandrasekaran Subramaniam. "Understanding Security Requirement Engineering". Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, nr 6 (1.10.2011): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2012/38.

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T. SOWMYYA, T. SOWMYYA. "Crime: A Conceptual Understanding". Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, nr 3 (1.10.2011): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2014/58.

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Mishra, Ishani. "Understanding Women and Agriculture". Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 6, nr 1 (15.06.2020): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.6120.3.

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The argument of the article revolves around the issues of women which always have been an undervalued subject to the society. To make the argument secondary data have been used which are both qualitative and quantitative in nature that deals with their role, contribution and limitations.
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39

Al Agha, Samah. "Understanding the Environmental Crime". Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine 1, nr 8 (30.12.2018): 960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/16586794.2018.022.

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Hamisi, Dr Salum Haji, i Mr Abdillah Mussa Kitota. "Understanding and Preventing Suicide". International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 4, nr 3 (marzec 2023): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2023.31267.

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Bhatt, Nidhi. "Understanding and Managing Acne". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, nr 7 (5.07.2024): 1581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24806145728.

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Pedersen, Jean, i Peter Ross. "Testing Understanding and Understanding Testing". College Mathematics Journal 16, nr 3 (czerwiec 1985): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2686568.

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Barrow, Robin. "Understanding "Understanding Skills": A Response". Paideusis 4, nr 2 (16.11.2020): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1073383ar.

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44

Walton, Kendall L. "Understanding Humor and Understanding Music". Journal of Musicology 11, nr 1 (1.01.1993): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/764150.

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45

Davson-Galle, Peter. "Understanding: `Knowledge', `Belief' and `Understanding'". Science & Education 13, nr 6 (sierpień 2004): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:sced.0000042857.48342.a9.

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46

BARWELL, ISMAY. "Understanding Narratives and Narrative Understanding". Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 67, nr 1 (luty 2009): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6245.2008.01334.x.

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Walton, Kendall L. "Understanding Humor and Understanding Music". Journal of Musicology 11, nr 1 (styczeń 1993): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.1993.11.1.03a00050.

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48

Glaser, Jack. "Understanding Understanding Prejudice and Discrimination". Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 5, nr 1 (grudzień 2005): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-2415.2005.00072.x.

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Sloman, Steven A., i Nathaniel Rabb. "Your Understanding Is My Understanding". Psychological Science 27, nr 11 (30.09.2016): 1451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797616662271.

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Pedersen, Jean, i Peter Ross. "Testing Understanding and Understanding Testing". College Mathematics Journal 16, nr 3 (czerwiec 1985): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07468342.1985.11972877.

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