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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Underhood flow”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 10 lutego 2022

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1

Lukeman, Yusoff, Fang Yau Lim, Shahrir Abdullah, Zulkifli R., A. Shamsudeen i Mohammad Khatim Hasan. "Underhood Fluid Flow and Thermal Analysis for Passenger Vehicle". Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (kwiecień 2012): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.150.

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The present paper reports a simulation study of the fluid flow and thermal phenomena in the passenger vehicle underhood compartment by analysing velocity magnitude, temperature, radiator heat transfer rate and heat transfer efficiency. Analyses are carried out on a half cut passenger vehicle sample model by using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, Star CCM+. Total volume meshes of the model are 24 451 759 cells, and the speed of the car is 0.036, 40, 70, 110, 130 and 213 km/h. Investigation are performed for three dimensional conditions, steady state gas with segregated flow, constant density, turbulence flow, with the use of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes model and the K-Epsilon turbulence model. In the thermal analysis, particular attention is given to find hot spot locations under the hood. . High temperature region is observed at the right side of the hood (from the top of view) due primary heat sources from the engine. An air intake at hood is introduced in order to facilitate the airflow to engine room and to remove hot spot to the atmosphere. It is shown that the underhood average temperature decreases by 26.2% and the average airflow velocity at section plane of the centreline increases by 14.5% by adding this air intake.

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2

Chaudhari, Parag, Jose Magalhaes i Aparna Salunkhe. "Two-step computational aeroacoustics approach for underhood cooling fan application". INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, nr 3 (1.08.2021): 3615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2467.

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Aeroacoustic noise is one of the important characteristics of the fan design. Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) can provide better design options without relying on physical prototypes and reduce the development time and cost. There are two ways of performing CAA analysis; one-step and two-step approach. In one-step CAA, air flow and acoustic analysis are carried out in a single software. In two-step approach, air flow and acoustic analysis are carried out in separate software. Two-step CAA approach can expedite the calculation process and can be implemented in larger and complex domain problems. For the work presented in this paper, a mockup of an underhood cooling fan was designed. The sound pressure levels were measured for different installation configurations. The sound pressure level for one of the configurations was calculated with two-step approach and compared with test data. The compressible fluid flow field was first computed in a commercially available computational fluid dynamics software. This flow field was imported in a separate software where fan noise sources were computed and further used to predict the sound pressure levels at various microphone locations. The results show an excellent correlation between test and simulation for both tonal and broadband components of the fan noise.

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3

Huang, K. D., i S. C. Tzeng. "Optimization of size of vehicle and flow domain for underhood airflow simulation". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 218, nr 9 (wrzesień 2004): 945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407041856728.

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4

Chen, Kuo-Huey, James Johnson, Parviz Merati i Charles Davis. "Numerical Investigation of Buoyancy-Driven Flow in a Simplified Underhood with Open Enclosure". SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 6, nr 2 (8.04.2013): 805–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0842.

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5

Öztürk, İlhan, Cenk Çetin i Mehmet Metin Yavuz. "Effect of fan and shroud configurations on underhood flow characteristics of an agricultural tractor". Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics 13, nr 1 (1.01.2019): 506–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2019.1617192.

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6

Bolehovský, Ondřej, i Jan Novotný. "Influence of Underhood Flow on Engine Cooling Using 1-D And 3-D Approach". Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 13, nr 3 (1.12.2015): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mecdc-2015-0012.

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Shrnutí Tato prace se zabyva numerickou simulaci kompletniho systemu chlazeni spalovaciho motoru (GT-SUITE), ktera zahrnuje i simulaci prouděni v motorovem prostoru pomoci vypočetně nenaročne simulace. Podrobny model spalovaciho motoru je rozšiřen o model chladiciho okruhu a ten je pote spojen se zjednodušenym modelem motoroveho prostoru, ktery je pomoci aplikace GT-COOL vytvořen jako 3-D model a pote přeložen do 1-D podoby. Ve dvou ustalenych režimech odpovidajicich různe rychlosti jizdy vozidla a zatiženi motoru byly zkoumany přistupy pomoci 1-D řešeni řazeni tepelnych vyměniků a zminěneho 3-D přistupu využivajici model motoroveho prostoru. Tyto simulace prokazaly nevhodnost 1-D přistupu při řešeni prouděni na tepelnych vyměnicich v motorovem prostoru a pomohly prozkoumat relativně nenaročnou metodu simulace prouděni v motorovem prostoru, ktera umožňuje podchytit vzajemnou interakci mezi modely chladiciho systemu a spalovaciho motoru a problematiku řazeni tepelnych vyměniku v motorovem prostoru.

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7

Khaled, Mahmoud, Fabien Harambat i Hassan Peerhossaini. "Temperature and Heat Flux Behavior of Complex Flows in Car Underhood Compartment". Heat Transfer Engineering 31, nr 13 (listopad 2010): 1057–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457631003640321.

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8

Khaled, Mahmoud, Charbel Habchi, Fabien Harambat, Ahmed Elmarakbi i Hassan Peerhossaini. "Leakage effects in car underhood aerothermal management: temperature and heat flux analysis". Heat and Mass Transfer 50, nr 10 (22.04.2014): 1455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-014-1347-8.

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9

Ou, Jia-Jie, Li-Fu Li, Tao Cui i Zi-Ming Chen. "Application of field synergy principle to analysis of flow field in underhood of LPG bus". Computers & Fluids 103 (listopad 2014): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2014.07.029.

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10

Lu, Pengyu, Qing Gao, Liang Lv, Xiaoye Xue i Yan Wang. "Numerical Calculation Method of Model Predictive Control for Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management Based on Underhood Coupling Thermal Transmission". Energies 12, nr 2 (15.01.2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020259.

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The nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) controller is designed for an engine cooling system and aims to control the pump speed and fan speed according to the thermal load, vehicle speed, and ambient temperature in real time with respect to the coolant temperature and comprehensive energy consumption of the system, which serve as the targets. The system control model is connected to the underhood computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model by the coupling thermal transmission equation. For the intricate thermal management process predictive control and system control performance analysis, a coupling multi-thermodynamic system nonlinear model for integrated vehicle thermal management was established. The concept of coupling factor was proposed to provide the boundary conditions considering the thermal transmission interaction of multiple heat exchangers for the radiator module. Using the coupling factor, the thermal flow influence of the structural characteristics in the engine compartment was described with the lumped parameter method, thereby simplifying the space geometric feature numerical calculation. In this way, the coupling between the multiple thermodynamic systems mathematical model and multidimensional nonlinear CFD model was realized, thereby achieving the simulation and analysis of the integrated thermal management multilevel cooperative control process based on the underhood structure design. The research results indicated an excellent capability of the method for integrated control analysis, which contributed to solving the design, analysis, and optimization problems for vehicle thermal management. Compared to the traditional engine cooling mode, the NMPC thermal management scheme clearly behaved the better temperature controlling effects and the lower system energy consumption. The controller could further improve efficiency with reasonable coordination of the convective thermal transfer intensity between the liquid and air sides. In addition, the thermal transfer structures in the engine compartment could also be optimized.

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11

Matsumoto, Daiki, Lukas Haag i Thomas Indinger. "Investigation of the Unsteady External and Underhood Airflow of the DrivAer model by Dynamic Mode Decomposition Methods". International Journal of Automotive Engineering 8, nr 2 (2017): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20485/jsaeijae.8.2_55.

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12

Khaled, Mahmoud, Fareed Mangi, Hisham El Hage, Fabien Harambat i Hassan Peerhossaini. "Fan air flow analysis and heat transfer enhancement of vehicle underhood cooling system – Towards a new control approach for fuel consumption reduction". Applied Energy 91, nr 1 (marzec 2012): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.10.017.

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13

Minovski, Blago, Lennart Löfdahl, Jelena Andrić i Peter Gullberg. "A Coupled 1D–3D Numerical Method for Buoyancy-Driven Heat Transfer in a Generic Engine Bay". Energies 12, nr 21 (31.10.2019): 4156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214156.

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Energy efficient vehicles are essential for a sustainable society and all car manufacturers are working on improved energy efficiency in their fleets. In this process, an optimization of aerodynamics and thermal management is most essential. The objective of this work is to improve the energy efficiency using encapsulated heat generating units by focusing on predicting temperature distribution inside an engine bay. The overall objective is to make an estimate of the generated heat inside an encapsulation and consecutively use this heat for climatization purposes. The study presents a detailed numerical procedure for predicting buoyancy-driven flow and resulting natural convection inside a simplified vehicle underhood during thermal soak and cool-down events. The procedure employs a direct coupling of one-dimensional and three-dimensional methods to carry out transient one-dimensional thermal analysis in the engine solids synchronized with sequences of steady-state three-dimensional simulations of the fluid flow. The boundary heat transfer coefficients and averaged fluid temperatures in the boundary cells, computed in the three-dimensional fluid flow model, are provided as input data to the one-dimensional analysis to compute the resulting surface temperatures which are then fed back as updated boundary conditions in the flow simulation. The computed temperatures of the simplified engine and the exhaust manifolds during the thermal soak and cool-down period are in favorable agreement with experimental measurements. The present study illustrates the capabilities of the coupled thermal-flow methodology to conduct accurate and fast computations of buoyancy-driven heat transfer. The methodology can be potentially applied to design and analysis of multiple demand vehicle thermal management systems in hybrid and electrical vehicles.

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14

Ng, E. Y., P. W. Johnson i S. Watkins. "An analytical study on heat transfer performance of radiators with non-uniform airflow distribution". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, nr 12 (1.12.2005): 1451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x35116.

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Heat exchangers used in modern automobiles usually have a highly non-uniform air velocity distribution because of the complexity of the engine compartment and underhood flow fields; hence ineffective use of the core area has been noted. To adequately predict the heat transfer performance in typical car radiators, a generalized analytical model accounting for airflow maldistribution was developed using a finite element approach and applying appropriate heat transfer equations including the ε-NTU (effectiveness - number of heat transfer units) method with the Davenport correlation for the air-side heat transfer coefficient. The analytical results were verified against a set of experimental data from nine radiators tested in a wind tunnel and were found to be within +24 and −10 per cent of the experimental results. By applying the analytical model, several severe non-uniform velocity distributions were also studied. It was found that the loss of radiator performance caused by airflow maldistribution, compared with uniform airflow of the same total flowrate, was relatively minor except under extreme circumstances where the non-uniformity factor was larger than 0.5. The relatively simple set of equations presented in this paper can be used independently in spreadsheets or in conjunction with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, enabling a full numerical prediction of aerodynamic as well as thermodynamic performance of radiators to be conducted prior to a prototype being built.

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15

Karim, Razak, i Anita Kusrima. "Kajian Karakteristik Fisik Dan Mekanik Pastefill Yang Digunakan Pada Penambangan Emas Bawah Tanah Metode Cut And Fill Di PT. Nusa Halmahera Minerals–Gosowong Halmahera". Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, nr 1 (4.09.2018): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v0i0.33.

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PT. Nusa Halmahera Minerals (NHM) merupakan perusahaan pertambangan emas yang beroperasi di daerah Kencana Gosowong Desa Tabobo Kecamatan Malifut Kabupaten Halmahera Utara Provinsi Maluku Utara. Dari hasil evaluasi, metode Underhand Cut and Fill (UCF) dipilih karena beberapa pertimbangan ; cash flow rendah, recovery tinggi, dan lebih aman saat berhadapan dengan kondisi batuan yang buruk. Namun permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah mengenai kekuatan material backfill jenis pastefill yang digunakan untuk bertindak sebagai atap dan dinding terowongan produksi bagi para pekerja dan peralatan yang berada disekitarnya. Kajian sifat fisik dan mekanik pastefill ini dilakukan berdasarkan hasil pengujian di Laboratorium Geomekanika Puslitbang Tekmira Kementerian ESDM di Bandung. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendukung kekuatan fisik dan mekanik pastefill yang digunakan untukmengisi ruang- ruang kosong pada terowongan produksi setelah pengambilan bijih emas. Hasil uji sifat fisik vulkanik tuff terlihat adanya peningkatan bobot isi dari kondisi kering ke kondisi jenuh rata-rata 0,17gr/cm3. Kadar air pun mengalami peningkatan dari kondisi natural ke kondisi jenuh rata-rata 20.82%, hal ini dikarenakan jumlah air yang masuk ke dalam pori-pori meningkat. Banyaknya kadar air asli rata-ratasebesar 23,83% dan kadar air jenuh rata-rata 44.65%, derajat kejenuhan berkisar 14.74–91.2% serta nilai porositasnya 38.12–43.94% dan angka pori rata-rata 0.7. Penggunaan pastefill untuk mengisi ruang-ruang kosong (stope) pada tambang emas bawah tanah Kencana harus dirancang dengan nilai c berkisar 0.5–2 MPa, t berkisar 0.05–0.2 MPa, kohesi (c) berkisar 0.07–0.3 MPa dan sudut gesek dalam (ϕ) berkisar300–450, sebagai persyaratan sifat mekanik untuk melakukan penambangan bijih disamping dinding pastefill harus memenuhi UCS minimal 0.5 MPa, sedangkan penambangan dibawah pastefill, UCSminimal 1.2 MPa. Blok pastefill di dalam stope yang diinterpretasi dari hasil uji diperoleh kondisi stabil untuk dilakukan penambangan dengan pastefill sebagai dinding terowongan yaitu kandungan semen 6%pada umur 14 hari, kandungan semen 12% pada umur 7 hari, dan kandungan semen 14% pada umur 3 hari. Sedangkan jika penambangan dilakukan dibawah pastefill atau sebagai atap terowongan menunjukkan kondisi tidak stabil kecuali persentase kandungan semen 14% pada umur 28 hari akan stabil, artinya penambangan dapat dilakukan pada umur pastefill antara 21-28 hari dengan diberi perkuatan. Desain sifat mekanik pastefill disesuaikan dengan rencana penambangan, jika sikluspenambangan membutuhkan waktu yang sangat cepat maka persentase semen akan dinaikkan, dan jika siklus penambangannya membutuhkan waktu yang lama, maka persentase semen akan dikurangi denganmenunggu umur pastefill mencapai kekuatan dan faktor keamanan yang dipersyaratkan untuk melakukan penambangan berikutnya, baik disamping maupun dibawahnya.

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16

Merati, Parviz, Charles Davis, K. H. Chen i J. P. Johnson. "Underhood Buoyancy Driven Flow—An Experimental Study". Journal of Heat Transfer 133, nr 8 (4.05.2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4003758.

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Particle image velocimetry and thermal measurements using thermocouples are used to measure the buoyant flow of a simplified full-scale model of an engine compartment. The engine block surface temperature and exhaust heaters are kept at about 100 and 600°C, respectively. Thermal measurements include enclosure surface temperature, temperature difference on the enclosure wall at midplane, engine block temperatures, and air temperatures under the hood. The highest surface temperatures were concentrated near the top of the enclosure around the exhaust heaters. This effect was due primarily to radiation from the exhaust heaters. Highest measured air temperature was about 300°C immediately above the right exhaust heater. The measured dominant flow structures are two larger counter rotating vortices over the top right side of the engine block and two counter rotating vortices over the top left side. These flow structures weaken considerably during the first 35 min of the transient cool down of the engine block and the exhaust heaters. Colder ambient air is sucked into the engine compartment at the vents near the bottom of the compartment with some exiting as hot air through the top slots. The time scale of the fluid exchange at the vents is in the order of seconds, indicating that this process is occurring very slowly.

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17

Khaled, Mahmoud, Fabien Harambat i Hassan Peerhossaini. "A Quantitative Method for Assessment of Car Inclination Effects on Thermal Management of the Underhood Compartment". Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 1, nr 1 (1.03.2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3159477.

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The study presented here concerns the impact of car inclination on the temperatures in the vehicle underhood compartment. We report here underhood thermal measurements carried out on a vehicle in wind tunnel S4 of Saint-Cyr, France. The underhood is instrumented by 80 surface and air thermocouples. Measurements are carried out for three different thermal charges (thermal functioning points). During tests, the engine is in operation, and the front wheels positioned on the test facility equipped with rollers, permitting the wheel power and rotational speed control. Three car inclinations are tested.

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18

Langmayr, D., R. A. Almbauer, N. Peller, W. Puntigam i A. Lichtenberger. "Calibrated Coarse Grid-Finite Volume Method for the Fast Calculation of the Underhood Flow of a Vehicle". Journal of Fluids Engineering 135, nr 10 (6.08.2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4024749.

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In this paper we introduce a novel method for calculating 3D flow through the underhood compartement of a vehicle. The method is based on the system of Euler equations, which are numerically solved by a finite volume approach. The total number of finite volumes is very low (<1000 cells). The applied numerics are calibrated to recapture a preceding detailed computational fluid dynamics {CFD) simulation. This calibration is established by two sets of factors. The main advantage of the present approach is that the calibration factors can be inter- and extrapolated between different CFD simulations.

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