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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "UML ELEMENT"
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Doan, Thuong, Steven Demurjian, Laurent Michel i Solomon Berhe. "Integrating Access Control into UML for Secure Software Modeling and Analysis". International Journal of Secure Software Engineering 1, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsse.2010102001.
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Access control models are often an orthogonal activity when designing, implementing, and deploying software applications. Role-based access control (RBAC) which targets privileges based on responsibilities within an application and mandatory access control (MAC) that emphasizes the protection of information via security tags are two dominant approaches in this regard. The integration of access control into software modeling and analysis is often loose and significantly lacking, particularly when security is such a high-priority concern in applications. This article presents an approach to integrate RBAC and MAC into use-case, class, and sequence diagrams of the unified modeling language (UML), providing a cohesive approach to secure software modeling that elevates security to a first-class citizen in the process. To insure that a UML design with security does not violate RBAC or MAC requirements, design-time analysis checks security constraints whenever a new UML element is added or an existing UML element is modified, while post-design analysis checks security constraints across the entire design for conflicts and inconsistencies. These access control extensions and security analyses have been prototyped within a UML tool.
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Wang, Yu Hua, Gui Sheng Yin i Hai Tao Zhang. "Research on Conversion Method of Ontology Based Formal Requirements Model to UML Requirements Document". Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (lipiec 2011): 1086–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.1086.
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In the process of requirements modeling based on ontology, the obtained model description is based on application ontology; which is not easy for designer to understand and cannot be converted into requirements specification documents for design. UML is actual standard for object-oriented modeling. For this issue, this paper creates the UML meta-model, and establishes mapping rules description language for application ontology to UML meta-element, which implements the generation of UML class diagrams based on rule, use case diagrams, state transition diagram models and requirements specification documents based on UML.
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Nikiforova, Oksana, Janis Sejans i Antons Cernickins. "Role of UML Class Diagram in Object-Oriented Software Development". Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Computer Sciences 44, nr 1 (1.01.2011): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10143-011-0023-4.
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Role of UML Class Diagram in Object-Oriented Software DevelopmentUML is an industrial standard for object-oriented software specification which offers a notation for class modeling during object oriented software development. Since the UML class diagram is a so-called "bridge" between software specification at the user side and software realization at the developer side, it requires strong guidelines for identification of class objects from the problem domain and notational conventions for modeling of the class diagram for its further usage in system coding. This paper presents a discussion on problematic stages and possible element transformations into software components. Several conclusions are drawn on potential usage of the class diagram in industry.
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Górski, Tomasz, i Grzegorz Ziemski. "UML activity diagram transformation into BPEL integration flow". Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 67, nr 3 (28.09.2018): 15–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6587.
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The growing interest of companies in integration and interoperability between information systems has caused increase in significance of Service-Oriented Architecture which provides tools for Enterprise Application Integration. In that architecture, Enterprise Service Bus provides technical possibilities of communication between IT systems. A key element in the communication are integration flows. Objective: The aim of this article is to present a new transformation Integration2BPEL, which automates the development of executable integration flow expressed in the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) based on the model of the integration flow presented in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) activity diagram. Method: The author proposes a transformation of the type of model-to-code type which generates integration flow expressed in WS-BPEL, which can be executed in any BPEL-compliant process engine. The integration flow is modelled using UML activity diagram with stereotypes from ‘UML Profile for Integration Flows’ profile in an IBM Rational Software Architect (RSA). Using Integration2BPEL transformation a complete, executable integration flow is generated, which is composed of many mediation mechanisms. Generated integration flows have been executed on OpenESB. Results: The ability to generate a complete integration flow in BPEL, which without any additions can be run on enterprise service bus. Implementation phase of an integration flow construction was automated. Each of integration flows is implemented according to the same rules. In addition, it allows to avoid mistakes made by designers and programmers. Conclusions: Model-Driven Development is an approach that leads to the automation of the design and programming phases. Integration2BPEL transformation is a uniform mechanism to design integration flow. Potentially, it also allows to avoid implementation errors. Keywords: Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), Unified Modelling Language (UML), UML activity diagram, Model-Driven Development (MDD), Transformation. null
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RAMARAJ, E., i S. DURAISAMY. "DESIGN OPTIMIZATION METRICS FOR UML BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS". International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 17, nr 03 (czerwiec 2007): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194007003252.
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Design plays a key role in the development of software. The quality of design is crucial and is a fundamental decision element in assessing the software product. The early availability of design quality evaluation provides a better way to decide the quality of the final product. This avoids presumption in the quality evaluation process. Hence Software Metrics provide a valuable and objective insight of enhancing each of the software quality characteristics. This paper proposes a quality model to assess the design phase of any object-oriented system based on the works of Chidamber, Kemrer and Basili and suggests two new metrics. The research focuses on analyzing a set of metrics, which has direct influence on the quality of the software and creating a metrics tool based on Java that can be used to validate the object-oriented projects against these metrics. The analysis is carried out on a set of real world projects designed using Unified Modeling Language, which are used as test cases. These metrics and models are proposed to add more quality information in refining any object-oriented system during the early stages of design itself.
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Yasin, Verdi. "Tools Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak dalam Membuat Pemodelan Desain Menggunakan Unified Modeling Language (UML)". TRIDHARMADIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jayakarta 1, nr 2 (1.12.2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.52362/tridharmadimas.v1i2.666.
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Pengembangan Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak berorientasi Objek, saat ini menggunakan tools pemodelan desain yang sesuai dengan model perancangan aplikasi sistem berorientasi objek. Dalam membangun suatu aplikasi sistem berorientasi objek atau berorientasi langsung dengan para pengguna (Users), maka tools yang tepat untuk di gunakan sebagai tools perancangan aplikasi sistem berorientasi objek yang dapat menggambarkan model proses (blueprint) dari suatu Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak Berorientasi Objek ialah Unified Modeling Language (UML). Unified Modelling Language (UML) adalah suatu metode dalam pemodelan secara visual yang digunakan sebagai sarana perancangan sistem berorientasi objek. Awal mulanya, UML diciptakan oleh Object Management Group dengan versi awal 1.0 pada bulan Januari 1997 [13]. Pada September 1997 lahirlah Unified Modeling Language (UML) versi 1.1 dengan 8 buah diagram, Pada tahun 1999 lahirlah Unified Modeling Language (UML) versi 1.3, menjadi 9 buah diagram, dengan penambahan “Business use case Diagram”, Pada bulan Mei 2001 lahirlah Unified Modeling Language (UML) versi 1.4, menjadi 10 buah diagram, dengan penambahan “Object Diagram”, Pada tahun 2002 lahirlah Unified Modeling Language (UML) versi 2.0, menjadi 13 buah diagram, dengan penambahan menjadi 13 buah diagram [1]-[3]. Model diagram proses yang dapat di kembangkan atau dibangun menggunakan Unified Modeling Language (UML) ialah Use Case Diagram, Business Use Case Diagram, Activity Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Object Diagram, Class Diagram, StateChart Diagram, Collaboration Diagram, Component Diagram, Deployment Diagram, Composite Structure Diagram, Interaction Overview Diagram, Package Diagram, Timing Diagram. Unified Modeling Language (UML) diharapkan mampu mempermudah pengembangan perangkat lunak serta memenuhi semua kebutuhan pengguna dengan efektif, lengkap, dan tepat. Hal itu termasuk faktor-faktor scalability, robustness, security. Adapun tujuan dan fungsi perlu adanya Unified Modeling Language (UML) yakni (1) Dapat memberikan bahasa pemodelan visual atau gambar kepada para pengguna dari berbagai macam pemrograman maupun proses umum rekayasa, (2) Menyatukan informasi-informasi terbaik yang ada dalam pemodelan, (3) Memberikan suatu gambaran model atau sebagai bahasa pemodelan visual yang ekspresif dalam pengembangan sistem, (4) Tidak hanya menggambarkan model sistem software saja, namun dapat memodelkan sistem berorientasi objek, (5) Mempermudah pengguna untuk membaca suatu sistem. Dan Unified Modeling Language (UML) berguna sebagai blueprint dalam perancangan berupa coding suatu program. Software yang dapat menggambarkan Unified Modeling Language (UML) ialah Aplikasi StarUML. Aplikasi StarUML dapat digunakan untuk membuat suatu alur atau proses dari suatu prosedur program yang ingin dibuat dengan cara menggambarkan model perangkatnya. Didalam StarUML terdapat beberapa bagian utama dari Unified Modeling Language (UML) yaitu view, diagram, model element, dan general mechanism.
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Joon-Ho Lee i Qing Huo Liu. "An efficient 3-D spectral-element method for Schro/spl uml/dinger equation in nanodevice simulation". IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 24, nr 12 (grudzień 2005): 1848–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2005.852675.
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Hoole, Samuel Ratnajeevan Herbert, Thiruchelvam Arudchelvam i Janaka Wijayakulasooriya. "Reverse Engineering Legacy Finite Element Code". Materials Science Forum 721 (czerwiec 2012): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.721.307.
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The development of code for finite elements-based field computation has been going on at a pace since the 1970s, yielding code that was not put through the software lifecycle – where code is developed through a sequential process of requirements elicitation from the user/client to design, analysis, implementation and testing and release and maintenance. As a result, today we have legacy code running into millions of lines, implemented without planning and not using proper state-of-the-art software design tools. It is necessary to redo this code to exploit new object oriented facilities and make corrections or run on the web with Java. Object oriented code’s principal advantage is reusability. Recent advances in software make such reverse engineering/re-engineering of this code into object oriented form possible. The purpose of this paper is to show how existing finite element code can be reverse/re-engineered to improve it. Taking sections of working finite element code, especially matrix computation for equation solution as examples, we put it through reverse engineering to arrive at the effective UML design by which development was done and then translate it to Java. This then is the starting point for analyzing the design and improving it without having to throw away any of the old code. Using auto-translators and then visually rewriting parts by the design so revealed, has no match in terms of speed and efficiency of re-engineering legacy code.
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Lubis, Rizky Fauziah. "Perancangan Antarmuka Aplikasi Berbasis Web Menggunakan User Centered Design Dalam Pembelajaran Keragaman Budaya". JURTEKSI 4, nr 1 (8.05.2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33330/jurteksi.v4i1.2.
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Abstract: An interface design for learning application is designed based on the user need. User Centered Design (UCD) purposed for help the design process match with the user need which is user usability oriented. After arranging based on that need, so the application is modelled using Unified Modelling Language (UML) to describe the systematic and how the application works from the designed application. The use of UCD can be used in designing an application for cultural diversity learning in Asahan with the Web-based. The element in the information system explained graphically and expose the close relationship of each element. So by the detail design dan user need oriented, the youth attracted and willing to learn their culture by the comprehensive information system. Keywords: User Centered Design, Unified Modelling Language, culture diversity of Asahan Abstrak: Sebuah perancangan antarmuka aplikasi pembelajaran disusun dan dibuat berdasarkan kebutuhan penggunanya. User Centered Design (UCD) bertujuan untuk membantu perancangan sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang berorientasi pada usability pengguna. Setelah disusun sesuai kebutuhan tersebut, maka aplikasi dimodelkan dengan menggunakan Unified Modelling Language (UML) sehingga terlihat jelas seperti apa sistematika dan operasi penggunaan dari aplikasi yang dirancang. Penggunaan UCD dapat digunakan dalam merancang suatu aplikasi pembelajaran keragaman budaya di Asahan berbasis Web. Elemen yang ada pada aplikasi ini digambarkan secara grafis dan dapat memperlihatkan hubungan yang erat antar elemennya. Sehingga melalui perancangan yang detail dan berorientasi pada kebutuhan pengguna, generasi muda tertarik dan mau mempelajari kebudayaannya sendiri melalui sistem informasi yang komprehensif. Kata kunci: User Centered Design, Unified Modelling Language, keberagaman budaya Asahan.
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Putra, Erid Ade. "ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM PELAPORAN KINERJA PEGAWAI MENGGUNAKAN WORK SYSTEM FRAMEWORK DENGAN PEMODELAN UML". INTECOMS: Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 1, nr 2 (30.07.2018): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/intecoms.v1i2.296.
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Employee performance report is an important element in an organization. This report relates to activities undertaken by employees in accordance with their respective duties and the amount of allowances earned employees within one month of work. General Bureau is one of the agencies that require employee performance report where at this moment this report is still done manually. For that, needed a system in managing employee performance report. The system built is analyzed using work system framework method, to model the system to be built then used unified modeling language.
Keywords: Analysis and design, work system framework, unified modeling language, employee performance reporting application
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "UML ELEMENT"
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Teixeira, Marcelo Rassy. "Uma contribuição para a modelagem numérica da heterogeneidade do concreto com o método de Galerkin livre de elementos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-16052012-145155/.
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Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de análise da heterogeneidade do concreto a partir de modelos computacionais desenvolvidos com o método de Galerkin livre de elementos. Esse método se caracteriza pela discretização de um domínio de interesse por um conjunto de partículas sem que exista explicitamente uma malha de elementos no sentido convencional. O objetivo é a previsão das propriedades mecânicas macroscópicas do material resultante a partir das fases individuais e do arranjo geométrico. O concreto foi admitido, na escala mesoscópica, como um composto formado por inclusões (agregado graúdo) imersas em uma matriz (argamassa). Para a simulação foi desenvolvida uma formulação multiregiões onde se admitiu que cada agregado e a argamassa são domínios distintos interligados nas suas interfaces. Para isto foram utilizadas técnicas de subdivisões do domínio (elemento representativo) ao ponto que os seus comportamentos mecânicos não foram comprometidos. Para simular o processo das perdas de rigidez com a formação da fissuração no concreto foi admitido o efeito da mecânica do dano contínuo através do modelo de Mazars. Para as análises foram desenvolvidos modelos computacionais bidimensionais e tridimensionais da heterogeneidade do concreto. A geometria dos agregados foi aproximada por circunferências e elipses no caso 2D e por esferas e elipsoides no caso 3D. Como conclusão a metodologia de multiregiões com o método de Galerkin livre de elementos foi satisfatória e os modelos apresentaram caminhos preferenciais de ruptura adequados durante a evolução da danificação.This thesis presents a methodology for analyzing the heterogeneity of concrete from computational models developed with the element free Galerkin method. This method is characterized by discretization of a domain of interest by a set of particles with no explicit mesh in the conventional sense. The goal is to predict the macroscopic mechanical properties of the material resulting from the individual phases and the geometric arrangement. The concrete was assumed, in the mesoscopic scale, as a compound formed by inclusions (coarse aggregate) embedded in a matrix (mortar). For the simulation, a formulation was developed where multi regions were admitted, assuming that each aggregate and mortar are distinct domains connected by their interfaces. For this we used techniques of subdivisions of the domain (representative elements) to the point that their mechanical behaviors were not compromised. To simulate the process of loss of stiffness with the formation of cracks in the concrete, continuum damage mechanics was admitted through Mazars model. For the analysis, two-dimensional and three-dimensional computer models of the heterogeneity of the concrete were developed. The shape of the aggregates was approximated by circles and ellipses in the two-dimensional case, and by spheres and ellipsoids for the 3D problems. In conclusion the multi region methodology with the element free Galerkin methods was satisfactory and the models presented suitable preferred paths for the rupture during the evolution of damage.
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Wang, Sili. "An ABAQUS Implementation of the Cell-based Smoothed Finite Element Method Using Quadrilateral Elements". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1416233762.
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Oshima, Sergio Takeo. "Uma combinação MEC/MEF para análise da interação de estacas inclinadas e o solo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-12082016-124110/.
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O presente trabalho apresenta uma formulação misto do MEC (Método dos Elementos de Contorno) e o MEF (Método dos Elementos Finitos). Nessa formulação, as estacas são modeladas através do MEF como elementos de barra e o solo através do MEC, como um meio contínuo, elástico linear, isótropo e homogêneo, utilizando as soluções fundamentais de MINDLIN (1936). Os sistemas de equações do solo e das estacas para elementos verticais são apresentados como uma combinação de ambos, originando um único sistema final de equações. Apresentam-se também as modificações necessárias para um sistema composto por estacas inclinadas. Após a resolução do sistema final, obtém-se os deslocamentos e as tensões de contato solo-estaca. A seguir, apresentam-se alguns exemplos numéricos obtidos a partir da formulação proposta e compara-se com modelos de outros autores.This work presents a hybrid formulation of BEM (Boundary Elements Method) and FEM (Finite Elements Method). In that formulation, the piles are modeled through FEM as bar elements and the soil through BEM, as an isotropic, homogeneous, semi-infinite and linear-elastic continuum, using the fundamental solutions of MINDLIN (1936). The systems of equations of the soil and of the piles for vertical elements are presented as a combination of both, originating a single final system of equations. Some modifications are accomplished for the system of inclinated piles. After the resolution of the final system, the displacements and the contact tensions between soil and pile are obtained. Numeric examples are obtained starting from the proposed formulation and to proceed they are compared with other authors\' models.
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Raghavan, Rahul. "Mobile genetic elements in coxiella burnetii friends, foes or just indifferent? /". [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12092008-141715/unrestricted/umi-umt-1105.pdf.
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Oliveira, Ana Carolina Carius de. "Modelagem hierárquica para a equação do calor em uma placa heterogênea". Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, 2006. https://tede.lncc.br/handle/tede/125.
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In this dissertation, we study the stationary heat equation in a heterogeneous tridimensional plate, using a "dimension reduction" techinique called hierarchical modelling and we generate model the original problem in a two-dimensional domain. To estimate the error modelling, we develop an asymptotic expansion for the original problem solution and for the aproximate solution. Comparing both solutions with their own asymptotic expansions, we obtain an estimative of the error modelling. We perform some computational experiments, using the Residual Free Bubbles (RFB) Method and the Multiscale Finite Element Method for the diffusion problem and for the diffusion-reaction problem in a two-dimensional domain, with small parameters. Finally, we extend the numeric solutions found the original tridimensional problem.
Neste trabalho, estudamos a equação do calor estacionária em uma placa heterogênea tridimensional. Para a modelagem deste problema, utilizamos uma técnica de redução de dimensão conhecida por Modelagem Hierárquica. Desta forma, geramos um modelo para o problema original em um domínio bidimensional. Com o objetivo de estimar o erro de modelagem, desenvolvemos a expansão assintótica da solução do problema original e da solução aproximada. Comparando as soluções com suas respectivas expansões assintóticas, obtemos uma estimativa para o erro de modelagem. Realizamos alguns experimentos computacionais, desenvolvendo o método Residual Free Bubbles (RFB) e o método de Elementos Finitos Multiescala (MEFM) para o problema de difusão e para o problema de difusão-reação em um domínio bidimensional, com parâmetros pequenos. Com base nestes experimentos, encontramos algumas soluções numéricas para o problema da placa tridimensional.
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Cardoso, Jose Roberto. "Problemas de campos eletromagnéticos estáticos e dinâmicos; Uma abordagem pelo método dos elementos finitos". Universidade de São Paulo, 1986. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-11072017-082059/.
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A ideia de realizar este trabalho surgiu durante do curso de pós-graduação, ministrado pelo Prof. M. Drigas, \"Tópicos especiais sobre máquinas elétricas\", realizado no 2º semestre de 1980 na EPUSP, onde foi observada a necessidade do conhecimento das distribuições de campos magnéticos em dispositivos eletromecânicos com o objetivo de se prever seu desempenho na fase de projeto. Nesta época, já havia sido apresentada a tese do Prof. Janiszewski, o primeiro trabalho, de nosso conhecimento realizado no Brasil nesta área, onde foi desenvolvida a técnica de resolução de problemas de Campos Magnéticos em Regime Estacionário, que, evidentemente, não pode ser aplicada na resolução de problemas onde a variável tempo está envolvida; baseado neste tese, em 1982 o Prof. Luiz Lebensztajn, reproduziu o trabalho do Dr. Janiszewski o qual foi aplicado para verificar a consistência dos resultados práticos na tese de Livre Docência do Prof.. Dr. Aurio Gilberto Falcone. As formulações mais frequentes do Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), publicada nos periódicos internacionais, são baseadas no Cálculo Variacional, onde o sistema de equações algébricas não linear resultante, é derivado a partir da obtenção do extremo de uma funcional que em algumas situações não pode ser obtida, limitando assim sua aplicação. Em decorrência deste fato, o primeiro objetivo deste trabalho foi organizar os procedimentos para obtenção do sistema de equações de MEF aplicado à resolução de problemas de campo descritos por equações diferenciais não lineares, sem a necessidade. Algumas contribuições interessantes são encontradas no Capítulo II, referente à formulação do MEF para problemas de campo descrito por operadores diferenciais não auto-adjuntos.No Capítulo III são apresentadas as técnicas de montagem das matrizes, bem como aquelas de introdução das condições de contorno, originárias deste método, que muito embora sejam técnicas de aplicação corriqueiras, ajudarão em muito o pesquisador iniciante nesta área, sem a necessidade de recorrer a outro texto. No Capítulo VI são apresentadas as formulações necessárias para a solução de problemas de campos eletromagnéticos estáticos, para elementos de quatro lados retos (e curvos) assim como a técnica utilizada na obtenção da relutividade em meios não lineares. No Capítulo V são tratados os problemas de campo, onde a variável tempo está envolvida, permitindo assim a resolução de uma série enorme de problemas referentes aos campos de natureza eletromagnética, tais como os fenômenos transitórios e o Regime Permanente Senoidal. Os aspectos computacionais ligados ao trabalho estão expostos no Capítulo VI, onde são apresentadas as rotinas de resolução do sistema de equações resultante adaptadas às particularidades do problema, e as rotinas de integração numérica de problemas descrito por equações diferenciais dependentes do tempo de primeira e segunda ordem. Algumas técnicas apresentadas nestes Capítulos, são aplicadas espe3cificamente para a obtenção da distribuição de campo magnético no Capitulo VII deste trabalho, com o objetivo de analisar o desempenho de um transformador em regime transitório, onde é confirmada a consistência do método.The idea of making this work came during a graduation course, \" Special topics on electric machines\", lectured by Prof. Dr. M. Drigas during the 2nd semester of 1980 at EPUSP, when the need of knowing the distribution of magnetic fields in electromechanics devices was notices, in order to foresse its performance during design. At that time, the first work about this subject realized made in Brazil was presented in prof. Janiszewski\'s thesis, where a technique was developed to solve Steady-State Magnetic Fields. However, it is clear that when the time variable is considered, this technique cannot be applied. The usual formulations of the Finite Element Method, published in international journals, was based on Variational Calculations, where the resulting non-linear algebraic equations system is derived from the extreme of a functional, which sometimes cannot be obtained, limiting in this way its application. Consequently, the first aim of this work is to organize procedures to obtain the Finite Method equations system, in order solve non-linear differential equations of fields, without the need of a previous functional for the problem. In Chapter II, one will find some interesting contributions referred to the Finite Element Method formulation, in the description of field problems by the use of non self-adjacent differentials operations.Matrix building techniques are presented in Chapter III, as well as the introduction of boundary conditions in this method. In spite of being an ordinary technique, it will help the beginners a lot, eliminating the need of other sources. Chapter IV presents the necessary formulations, which solve static electromagnetic fields for elements of four square (and curved) sides, and the technique used in the determination of non-linear media reluctivity. In Chapter V, the time variable of electromagnetic fields is treated, making possible the solution of problems of this nature, such as transient phenomena and sinusoidal steady-state. Computer aspects of the work are shown in Chapter VI, presenting resolution routines of the equation system fitted to the problem, and numeric integration routines described by first and second order differential equations, which depend on the time. Some techniques showed in those previous Chapters are specifically used in Chapter VII to obtain the magnetic field distribution, which analyses transformer performance during transients. The coherence of the method is also confirmed.
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Barbosa, Rodolfo dos Santos [UNESP]. "Projeto estrutural do cubo do rotor de uma turbina hidraúlica tipo Kaplan". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97074.
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barbosa_rs_me_guara.pdf: 1181057 bytes, checksum: c5662c02692da1fa2b849f6b72ca3b48 (MD5)Neste trabalho, uma revisão teórica é feita com o intuito de fornecer embasamento teórico ao projeto para estudar a viabilidade de implementar uma melhoria que é substituir o material do cubo do rotor de um aço carbono fundido (ASTM A 216 Gr.WCC) por uma liga de alumínio fundida (A 201.0), sendo analisadas todas as vantagens e desvantagens desta modificação. Foi utilizado o método dos elementos finitos para o cálculo do cubo do rotor de uma turbina hidráulica do tipo Kaplan. Projeto, cálculo e execução rigorosos são necessários para a concepção deste componente. Para isso, é desenvolvido um estudo de caso que contempla, passo a passo, a metodologia utilizada. Uma análise estrutural do cubo do rotor de uma turbina hidráulica tipo Kaplan é utilizada no estudo de caso
In this work, a theoretical review is done in order to provide theoretical basis for the project to study the viability of implementing an improvement that would replace the material of the rotor hub of a cast carbon steel (ASTM A 216 Gr.WCC) by a cast aluminum alloy (A 201.0), and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of this modification. It's necessary using the Finite Element Method for calculating the rotor hub of a Kaplan hydraulic turbine. Design, calculation and execution are crucial to the design of this component. For this, it is developed a case study that includes step by step, the methodology used. The analysis of the rotor hub of a Kaplan hydraulic turbine be used in the case study
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Soares, Gilson Francisco Paz. "Homogeneização de um material composto formado por uma matriz polimérica com uma segunda fase particulada". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30141.
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O estudo numérico do comportamento estrutural de materiais compostos apresenta-se, desde os últimos anos, como um campo muito fértil de pesquisas, o que justifica o crescimento exponencial de trabalhos científicos nesta área. Atualmente é possível desenhar as propriedades físicas do material adequando-os ao uso que se queira dar a eles. Especificamente quanto às propriedades mecânicas vinculadas a função estrutural que o material em estudo possa ter, estas podem, na atualidade, ser quantificadas, modificadas e otimizadas. No presente trabalho, explora-se um material composto formado por uma matriz polimérica e uma segunda fase particulada com distribuição aleatória. Para realizar esse estudo foi utilizado o método dos elementos discretos e o método dos elementos finitos. No primeiro caso é apresentado um estudo onde se realizam tentativas de determinar o elemento de volume representativo considerando o comportamento do material como não-linear. No segundo caso, aplicando o método dos elementos finitos, realiza-se um estudo considerando a matriz e a fase particulada com comportamento elástico linear, determinando o elemento de volume representativo e comparando os resultados, em termos de constantes elásticas homogeneizadas, com propostas teóricas fornecidas pela micromecânica clássica. Um estudo da convergência da malha e exercícios de otimização foram realizados sobre o composto simulado. Finalmente, realiza-se um estudo não-linear através do método dos elementos finitos, onde a matriz é elástica e a fase particulada hiperelástica, onde se determina o elemento de volume representativo e se faz aplicações para verificação da eficácia dos resultados.The numerical study of the composite material mechanical behavior has shown lately a fertile field of research, which justifies the exponential growing of scientific works in this area. Nowadays it is possible to design the material properties adapting them to the usage that we want to give them. Specifically, regarding to the mechanical properties, there are methods that allow us to modify them in a rational way to reach different objectives. In the present work, different aspects are analyzed of a composite material built with a polymeric matrix and a second particulate phase with random distribution. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) and the Finite Element Method (FEM) were used to carry out the present work. Firstly, an application of DEM, a study of different alternatives is shown to determine the volume representative element (RVE) considering the non-linear behavior of the studied material. Secondly, an application of FEM, a study considering the matrix and particulate phase, both, with linear elastic behavior. This application consists on computing the RVE and comparing these results with analytical proposals available in the Micromechanics classical bibliography. A mesh convergence study of the FEM models used and simple applications of optimization are also presented. Finally, another application of FEM is presented. In this case a non linear study is shown, where the matrix is considered linear elastic, and the particulate phase is hyperelastic. In this case the RVE was determined and some applications to verify the consistency of the results obtained are presented.
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Junior, Nilo Luiz Saccaro. "O sistema Mutator em cana-de-açúcar: uma análise comparativa com arroz". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-30012008-113943/.
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Os elementos transponíveis (TEs) constituem grande parte do material genético de diversos eucariotos, alcançando entre 50-80% do genoma de gramíneas. Os projetos genoma proporcionaram um aumento das informações disponíveis sobre estes elementos, o que evidenciou sua importância e possibilitou o desenvolvimento de novas abordagens para seu estudo. O sistema Mutator (Mu) de milho é o mais ativo e mutagênico transposon de plantas. Além do elemento autônomo, MuDR, o sistema compreende ainda um conjunto de elementos bastante heterogêneo em sua seqüência e estrutura, chamados MuLEs, que podem conter até mesmo fragmentos de genes do hospedeiro. As seqüências de transposons mais abundantemente expressas no transcriptoma de cana-de-açúcar são relacionadas a MuDR e se agrupam em quatro clados (nomeados Classes I, II, II e IV), existentes antes da divergência entre Mono e Eudicotiledôneas. O trabalho apresentado aqui teve o objetivo de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o sistema Mutator em cana-de-açúcar a partir da análise comparativa entre seqüências dessa planta e de arroz (cujo genoma está totalmente seqüenciado). Foi possível avaliar a abundância e diversidade do sistema Mu em gramíneas, ficando evidente uma amplificação de elementos clado-específica, tendo a Classe II sofrido uma explosão no número de cópias ao longo da evolução destas plantas. Análises estruturais revelaram que, enquanto as Classes I e II compreendem elementos com características de transposons, as Classes III e IV são, na verdade, transposases domesticadas. Foram completamente seqüenciados dois clones de BAC de cana-de-açúcar, um proveniente de cada parental do híbrido (Saccharum officinarum e Saccharum spontaneum), ambos contendo elementos da Classe III. Estes elementos foram caracterizados e a seqüência genômica de cana foi comparada com sua ortóloga em arroz, revelando um acúmulo de TEs nas regiões intergênicas.Transposable elements (TEs) constitute great part of eukaryote genetic material, in grasses, they comprise between 50-80% of the genome. Genome projects have significantly increased the amount of information about these elements, revealing their importance and allowing the development of new approaches for their study. The Mutator system (Mu) of maize is the most active and mutagenic plant transposon. Beyond the autonomous element, MuDR, the system comprises a very heterogeneous, in sequence and structure, set of elements, called MuLEs, that can contain even host gene fragments. The most abundant transposon related sequences expressed in sugarcane transcriptoma are the MuDR-like. They group into four clades (called Classes I, II, III and IV) that exist prior to the Mono and Eudicot split. The aim of this work is to gain knowledge about the Mutator system in sugarcane through the comparative analysis against rice (whose genome is completely sequenced). The results described the abundance and diversity of the Mu system in grasses, evidencing a clado-specific amplification with a burst of Class II along the evolution of this plant group. Structural analyses showed that, while Classes I and II comprise elements with transposon characteristics, Classes III and IV are domesticated transposases. One BAC clone from each sugarcane parental genotype (Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum) have been completely sequenced, both containing Class III elements. These elements have been characterized and the sugarcane genomic sequences were compared with their orthologues in rice. The comparative analyses showed an accumulation of TEs in the intergenic regions.
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Ferro, Newton Carlos Pereira. "Uma combinação MEC/MEF para análise de interação solo-estrutura". Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-08122017-102331/.
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No presente trabalho, uma combinação do método dos elementos de contorno (MEC) com o método dos elementos finitos (MEF) é apresentada para a análise da interação entre estacas e o solo, considerado como um meio infinito tridimensional e homogêneo. O meio contínuo tridimensional de domínio infinito é modelado pelo MEC, enquanto as estacas consideradas como elementos reticulares são tratadas pelo MEF. As equações das estacas oriundas do método dos elementos finitos são combinadas com as do meio contínuo obtidas a partir do método dos elementos de contorno, resultando em um sistema completo de equações, que convenientemente tratadas, proporcionam a formulação de coeficientes de rigidez do conjunto solo-estacas. Finalmente, uma formulação para a análise do comportamento não-linear do solo na interface com a estaca é desenvolvida, tornando o modelo mais abrangente.In the present work a combination of the Boundary Element Method (BEM) and the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used for pile-soil interaction analyses, considering the soil as a homogeneous, three-dimensional and infinite medium. The three-dimensional infinite continuous medium is modeled by the BEM, and the piles are, considered as beam elements, modeled by the FEM. This combination also is used for studying the interaction of plates sitting on a continuous medium. The pile equations generated from the FEM are combined with the medium equations generated from the BEM, resulting a complete equation system. Manipulating properly this equation system, a set of stiffness coefficients for the system soil-pile is obtained. Finally, to make the model more comprehensive, it presented a formulation to take into account the soil nonlinear behavior at the pile interface.
Książki na temat "UML ELEMENT"
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Ambler, Scott W. The elements of UML style. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
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Ambler, Scott W. The elements of UML style. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
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Sŏ, Chŏng-bŏm. Nihongo no genryū o sakanoboru: Uraru, Arutai shogo no umi e. Tōkyō: Tokuma Shoten, 1989.
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Franca, Rubem. Arabismos: Uma mini-enciclopédia do mundo árabe. [Recife, Brazil]: Fundação de Cultura Cidade do Recife, 1994.
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Moncada, Luís Cabral de. Manual elementar de direito público da economia e da regulação: Uma perspectiva luso-brasileira. Coimbra: Almedina, 2012.
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Blum, Daniela, Nicolas Detering, Marie Gunreben i Beatrice von Lüpke, red. Entscheidung zur Heiligkeit? Heidelberg, Germany: Universitätsverlag WINTER, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33675/2022-82538548.
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Der Band verbindet Perspektiven der älteren und neueren Philologien auf die Heiligenlegende, eine der zentralen Erzählformen der abendländischen Literatur. Leitend ist die Frage, wie legendarische Erzählungen ihren Figuren Handlungsmacht absprechen oder zuschreiben: Wird der Lebensweg der Heiligen als vorherbestimmt imaginiert oder als Resultat autonomer Entscheidungen? Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt des Bandes liegt auf Kontinuitäten, Konflikten, Transformationen und Brüchen zwischen mittelalterlichen und modernen Heiligenerzählungen. Welche Elemente der mittelalterlich-christlichen Legende eignet sich die Moderne an, welche verwirft sie und wie geht sie mit der für die Gattung konstitutiven Spannung zwischen göttlicher Providenz und menschlicher Autonomie um?
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Charles, Jean-Luc, Ivan Iordanoff i Damien Andre. 3D Discrete Element Workbench for Highly Dynamic Thermo-mechanical Analysis: GranOO. Wiley-Interscience, 2015.
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Charles, Jean-Luc, Ivan Iordanoff i Damien Andre. 3D Discrete Element Workbench for Highly Dynamic Thermo-Mechanical Analysis: GranOO. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
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Charles, Jean-Luc, Ivan Iordanoff i Damien Andre. 3D Discrete Element Workbench for Highly Dynamic Thermo-Mechanical Analysis: GranOO. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
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Charles, Jean-Luc, Ivan Iordanoff i Damien Andre. 3D Discrete Element Workbench for Highly Dynamic Thermo-Mechanical Analysis: GranOO. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "UML ELEMENT"
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André, Damien, Jean-Luc Charles i Ivan Iordanoff. "Object Oriented Approach and UML". W 3D Discrete Element Workbench for Highly Dynamic Thermo-Mechanical Analysis, 1–14. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119116356.ch1.
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Chanda, Jayeeta, Ananya Kanjilal, Sabnam Sengupta i Swapan Bhattacharya. "FAM2BP: Transformation Framework of UML Behavioral Elements into BPMN Design Element". W Advances in Computer Science and Information Technology, 70–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17857-3_8.
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Chanda, Jayeeta, Ananya Kanjilal, Sabnam Sengupta i Swapan Bhattacharya. "Transformation Framework for Consistent Evolution of UML Behavioral Elements into BPMN Design Element". W Web Services Foundations, 273–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7518-7_11.
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Alnæs, Martin Sandve. "UFL: a finite element form language". W Automated Solution of Differential Equations by the Finite Element Method, 303–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23099-8_17.
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Stiehr, Karin. "Elemente des Risikokonflikts". W Risikokonflikte und der Streit um das Rauchen, 9–29. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14559-2_1.
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Seceleanu, Tiberiu, i Juha Plosila. "Constituent Elements of a Correctness-Preserving UML Design Approach". W Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 227–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24756-2_13.
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Jiang, Yan-Bing, Wei-Zhong Shao, Zhi-Yi Ma i Yao-Dong Feng. "On the Formalized Semantics of Static Modeling Elements in UML". W Formal Methods and Software Engineering, 500–510. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36103-0_51.
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Lee, Suet Chun. "Modeling Variant User Interfaces for Web-Based Software Product Lines". W Integrated Approaches in Information Technology and Web Engineering, 212–42. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-418-7.ch015.
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Software product line (SPL) is a software engineering paradigm for software development. A software product within a product line often has specific functionalities that are not common to all other products within the product line. Those specific functionalities are termed “variant features” in a product line. SPL paradigm involves the modeling of variant features. However, little work in SPL investigates and addresses the modeling of variant features specific to user interface (UI). Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the de facto modeling language for object-oriented software systems. It is known that UML needs better support in modeling UIs. Thus, much research developed UML extensions to improve UML support in modeling UIs. Yet little of this work is related to developing such extensions for modeling UIs for SPLs in which variant features specific to UI modeling must be addressed. This research develops a UML extension -Web User Interface Modeling Language (WUIML) to address these problems. WUIML defines elements for modeling variant features specific to user interfaces for Web-based SPLs. The model elements in WUIML extend from the metaclass and BasicActivity of the UML2.0 metamodel. WUIML integrates the modeling of variant features specific to user interfaces to UML. For example, in a Web-based patient registration software product line, member products targeting British users may use British date format in the user interface, while member products targeting United States users may use United States date format in the user interface. Thus, this is a variant feature for this product line. WUIML defines a model element, XOR, to represent such exclusive or conditions in a product line user interface model. WUIML would reduce SPL engineers’ efforts needed in UI development. To validate the WUIML research outcome, a case study was conducted. The results of this empirical study indicate that modeling UIs for Web-based SPLs using WUIML is more effective and efficient than using standard UML.
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Chun Lee, Suet. "Modeling Variant User Interfaces for Web-Based Software Product Lines". W Human Computer Interaction, 760–90. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-87828-991-9.ch050.
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Software product line (SPL) is a software engineering paradigm for software development. SPL is important in promoting software reuse, leading to higher productivity and quality. A software product within a product line often has specific functionalities that are not common to all other products within the product line. Those specific functionalities are termed “variant features” in a product line. SPL paradigm involves the modeling of variant features. However, little work in SPL investigates and addresses the modeling of variant features specific to UI. UML is the de facto modeling language for object-oriented software systems. It is known that UML needs better support in modeling UIs. Thus, much research developed UML extensions to improve UML support in modeling UIs. Yet little of this work is related to developing such extensions for modeling UIs for SPLs in which variant features specific to user interfaces (UI) modeling must be addressed. This research develops a UML extension, WUIML, to address these problems. WUIML defines elements for modeling variant features specific to UIs for Web-based SPLs. The model elements in WUIML extend from the metaclass and of the UML2.0 metamodel. WUIML integrates the modeling of variant features specific to UIs to UML. For example, in a Web-based patient registration SPL, member products targeting British users may use British date format in the user interface, while member products targeting United States users may use United States date format in the user interface. Thus, this is a variant feature for this product line. WUIML defines a model element, XOR, to represent such exclusive or conditions in a product line user interface model. WUIML would reduce SPL engineers’ efforts needed in UI development. To validate the WUIML research outcome, a case study was conducted. The results of this empirical study indicate that modeling UIs for Web-based SPLs using WUIML is more effective and efficient than using standard UML.
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"UML Class Diagrams". W The Elements of UML™ 2.0 Style, 47–72. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511817533.006.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "UML ELEMENT"
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Stefan, Florea, Alexandra Cernian i Anca daniela Ionita. "AUTOMATED UML MODEL COMPARISON FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING EDUCATION". W eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-063.
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Quality assurance in educational institutions should include mechanisms for detecting any student's attempt to cheat at his or her written assessments. Due to an increasing number of incidents, it is necessary to define holistic approaches at institutional levels, where management, culture and infrastructure should be taken into account. For this purpose, universities generally use tools for detecting plagiarism, based on comparing text and grammatical style, as well as searching for similar materials available on the Internet. Apart from general systems for detecting plagiarism, each discipline may require specific electronic aids for identifying similarities between assessment results. The paper considers the case of Software Engineering and, more specifically, Object-Oriented Modeling. It proposes solutions for automatically comparison of models conforming to the Unified Modeling Language, based on the following requirements: - Define methods for comparing all types of diagrams; - Develop a system that stores students' models; - Create tools that check a new project upon all the previous submissions, in order to detect similarities; - Eliminate false positive results; - Introduce the facility to detect synonyms at the level of modeling element names, using a Romanian language dictionary; - Define metrics for the similarity degree; - Validate the methods and tools in the classroom. The UML diagrams are supposed to be represented with the open source platform StarUML; then, they are exported to XML format for being interpreted and analyzed in comparison with the models of the central repository; one also checks for synonyms in naming modeling elements like classes, attributes, operations, actors, activities, states, components, nodes etc. The similarity score is computed with a dedicated algorithm, which takes into account weighted UML elements, UML relations, and semantics synonymy aspects.
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Zhong, Jian. "The UML modeling elements analysis". W 2015 3d International Conference on Advanced Information and Communication Technology for Education (ICAICTE-2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaicte-15.2015.92.
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Johnson, Lyndon, Hui Jiao i Tohid Ghanbari Ghazijahani. "Finite element modelling of hollow-core concrete slabs". W International Conference on Performance-based and Life-cycle Structural Engineering. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.843.
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Thomas, Kelli, Holly C. A. Bryce i Michael Heitzmann. "Generation of a short fibre biocomposite representative volume element". W International Conference on Performance-based and Life-cycle Structural Engineering. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.500.
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Leite, João Silva. "As ruas emergentes: um estudo comparativo da parcela em formações lineares no contexto metropolitano de Lisboa". W Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5886.
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Em certos contextos urbanos, onde o tecido se fragmentou e as relações de contiguidade entre traçados foram quebradas, as infraestruturas de mobilidade têm assumido um papel determinante na agregação e inter-relação de tecidos. A infraestrutura, maioritariamente rodoviária, incorporou deste modo competências que não possuía na sua génese conceptual. Assim, para além da qualidade de eixo de ligação, diversas infraestruturas de mobilidade assumem a qualidade de eixo de suporte de tecido. Estes elementos urbanos adquirem configurações emergentes, levando a uma meditação sobre o conceito tradicional de rua.
Deste modo, o artigo explora concretamente a morfologia urbana do parcelário marginal a estes elementos urbanos, compreendo a sua relação com o eixo infraestrutural, configurações e processo morfogenético. Esta particular abordagem morfológica insere-se nos trabalhos de um doutoramento em curso, com o tema “As Ruas Emergentes. Interpretação morfológica de um novo elemento urbano”, que estuda as tipo-morfologias emergentes de conjunto de elementos urbanos lineares localizados em contextos metropolitanos. Procura-se recentrar o pensamento sobre estes elementos urbanos estruturadores, assim como, o papel da Rua e suas novas configurações nos processos de desenvolvimento urbano contemporâneo. In some urban contexts, where fabric is fragmented and relations of contiguity between urban layouts were broken, mobility infrastructures have played a role in the aggregation and inter-relationship of fabrics. The infrastructure, mainly roads, thereby incorporated skills it didn’t possess in its conceptual genesis. Thus, besides the quality of connection axis, various mobility infrastructures assumed the function of fabric support axis. These urban elements acquire emerging configurations, leading to a meditation on the traditional concept street.
Thus, the article specifically explores the urban morphology of these urban elements surrounding plots, understanding their relationship with the infrastructural axis, configurations and morphogenetic process. This particular morphological approach fits into the work of a PhD in progress, with the theme "The Emerging Streets. Morphological interpretation of a new urban element", which studies the emerging type-morphologies of a set of linear elements located in urban metropolitan contexts. Looking to refocus thinking of these structuring urban elements, as well as the role of the Street and their new configurations in contemporary urban development processes.
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Lim, Linus, i Martin Feeney. "The application of advanced finite element analysis for structural fire design". W International Conference on Performance-based and Life-cycle Structural Engineering. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.542.
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Beckmann, Martin, Vanessa N. Michalke, Aaron Schlutter i Andreas Vogelsang. "Removal of Redundant Elements within UML Activity Diagrams". W 2017 ACM/IEEE 20th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/models.2017.7.
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Bai, Yu-Lei, i Jian-Guo Dai. "Finite element modeling of steel bar buckling in FRP-confined RC columns". W International Conference on Performance-based and Life-cycle Structural Engineering. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.1118.
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Gerchman, Júlio, i Taisy S. Weber. "Integrando Injeção de Falhas ao Perfil UML 2.0 de Testes". W Workshop de Testes e Tolerância a Falhas. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wtf.2007.23241.
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O Perfil UML 2.0 de Testes (U2TP) é uma extensão de UML que permite a especificação, visualização e construção de artefatos de testes usados na verificação e validação de um sistema. No entanto, esse perfil não oferece mecanismos para integração direta de injeção de falhas, técnica eficiente para o teste de mecanismos de tolerância a falhas. Este trabalho propõe uma extensão de U2TP, permitindo descrever cenários e elementos necessários para o uso de técnicas de injeção de falhas.
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Truong, Ninh-Thuan, i Jeanine Souquieres. "Verification of behavioural elements of UML models using B". W the 2005 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1066677.1067024.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "UML ELEMENT"
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Cardoso, Eduardo Luiz, Alex Eckert i Ana Cristina Fachinelli. Relatório anual do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração Universidade de Caxias do Sul RS - Brasil. UCS - Universidade de Caxias do Sul, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/9786500469837.
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Não resta dúvida de que a evolução da humanidade se deve, em grande parte, às descobertas cientícas oriundas de pesquisas dos mais variados ramos do conhecimento. Nesse contexto, as universidades desempenham um importante papel como propulsoras do avanço do conhecimento, visto que participam diretamente dos processos de formação de novos pesquisadores, os quais necessitarão estar preparados para enfrentar os desaos que os aguardam. Alinhado a isso está a missão da Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), direcionada para a produção, sistematização e socialização do conhecimento, com qualidade e relevância, sempre em busca do desenvolvimento sustentável. Aliás, quando se fala em desenvolvimento sustentável, devemos considerar que a sustentabilidade não é uma variável unidimensional, mas sim um elemento a ser abordado nas suas dimensões econômica, social e ambiental. No contexto organizacional, cada vez mais o desenvolvimento e a prosperidade acontecem a partir do momento em que as tomadas de decisão se valem de embasamento cientíco,suportadas com dados concretos e informações devidamente validadas. Com isso, existe uma tendência de que tais decisões tenham uma assertividade cada vez mais alta. Inserido no ambiente da UCS desde o ano de 2006 está o Programa de PósGraduação em Administração – Mestrado e Doutorado (PPGA),cujo propósito é o de capacitar recursos humanos para a pesquisa na área da gestão, preparando-os para atuar tanto na docência quanto nos níveis gerenciais e de liderança nas organizações. Entretanto, mesmo durante o processo de formação, os futuros pesquisadores já estão envolvidos em atividades de pesquisa e de interação com o ambiente externo à universidade, especialmente na solução de problemas organizacionais de diferentes níveis de complexidade. Em vista disso, na busca por uma maior divulgação das atividades realizadas no PPGA ao ambiente externo, emergiu a necessidade da elaboração de um relatório das atividades, o Anuário do PPGA. Nesta que é a segunda edição do referido anuário, além de apresentar algumas informações ordem interna, procurou-se elencar os acontecimentos mais relevantes ocorridos no PPGA no decorrer do ano de 2021, um ano ainda marcado pelas grandes restrições sanitárias. Por m, agradeço a todos que, de alguma forma, ajudaram a construir a história do PPGA e a transformá-lo no que ele representa atualmente.
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Robinson, Andy. M&A de saneamento e higiene nas zonas rurais. Orientações. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2023.004.
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As Orientações e o Quadro de Monitoria e Avaliação (M&A) apresentados neste documento (e no Quadro de Indicadores de M&A que o acompanha) visam incentivar os intervenientes no sector de saneamento e higiene nas zonas rurais a adoptar uma abordagem de M&A mais abrangente, comparável e centrada nas pessoas. O presente documento dá orientações sobre a M&A dosaneamento e higiene nas zonas rurais e apresenta um quadro de M&A que descreve os principais elementos e características para dar conta do estado de avanço relativamente à meta de saneamento dos ODS para 2030 (e aos objectivos e metas nacionais de saneamento e higiene nas zonas rurais com eles relacionados), apelando, ao mesmo tempo, à aprendizagem e à prestação de contas.
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Robinson, Andy. M&A de saneamento e higiene nas zonas rurais. Quadro. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2023.003.
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As Orientações e o Quadro de Monitoria e Avaliação (M&A) apresentados neste documento (e no Quadro de Indicadores de M&A que o acompanha) visam incentivar os intervenientes no sector de saneamento e higiene nas zonas rurais a adoptar uma abordagem de M&A mais abrangente, comparável e centrada nas pessoas. O presente documento dá orientações sobre a M&A dosaneamento e higiene nas zonas rurais e apresenta um quadro de M&A que descreve os principais elementos e características para dar conta do estado de avanço relativamente à meta de saneamento dos ODS para 2030 (e aos objectivos e metas nacionais de saneamento e higiene nas zonas rurais com eles relacionados), apelando, ao mesmo tempo, à aprendizagem e à prestação de contas.
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Figueiredo, Ana Beatriz, Arturo Daniel Alarcon Rodriguez, Bruno César Araújo, Clémentine Tribouillard, Dalve Alexandre Soria Alves, Dea Fioravante, Diego Arcia i in. Retomada nos municípios: Por onde começar. Inter-American Development Bank, kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003234.
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Ao assumirem as prefeituras em 2021, os novos gestores e os gestores reeleitos se depararam com uma complexa realidade socioeconômica em virtude da pandemia, com desemprego e urgências sanitárias que vão emergindo a partir de uma segunda curva pandêmica. Podemos resumir que, neste quadro apreensivo, os desafios destes gestores, especialmente aqueles de cidades pequenas e médias são priorizar e optar por ações concretas que possam ser implementadas. Todas as necessidades são importantes, no há dúvidas. Entretanto, o estabelecimento de foco em alguns elementos da gestão pública pode resultar em uma abordagem mais pragmática para apoiar os municípios na retomada da economia e dos índices de qualidade de vida de seus cidadãos, tanto do ponto de vista imediato, quanto prospectando as condições necessárias para uma recuperação consistente nos próximos anos. Essa recuperação economica também deve ser sustentável, introduzindo medidas simples de mitigação e adaptação às mudanças climáticas. Assim, a retomada econômica trata da redução de despesas nos cofres públicos, possibilidades de crescimento econômico e geração de emprego e renda. Apresentamos nesta publicação sugestes de áreas a dedicar mais atenção nos próximos meses, tendo a inovação e o empreendedorismo como elementos transversais, reunindo produtos de conhecimento e material técnico do BID e de parceiros, iniciativas de organizações dedicadas a ajudar às cidades neste período único da história recente, e material multimídia de maneira sintética e esquemática, porém compreensiva aos problemas que mais afligem a população. E nas cidades onde tudo acontece, e no BID estamos comprometidos a atuar de maneira multissetorial, tendo os cidadãos como centro das intervenções e iniciativas que apoiamos. No cenário atual de apreensão em que nos encontramos, acreditamos que a priorização é uma maneira construtiva de criar as bases da sociedade que queremos quando as emergências se dissiparem. Esperamos que os gestores municipais encontrem neste material, de acordo com a sua realidade e necessidades locais, conteúdo útil para dirigirem esta jornada.
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Brakarz, Barbara, Karisa Ribeiro, Marcos Siqueira Moraes, Vanessa Callau Ferreir, Fabio Hideki Ono, Rodolfo Gomes Benevenuto, Diego Camargo Botassio i in. Metodologia de Sustentabilidade do Monitor de Investimentos. Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004694.
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Investimentos em infraestrutura tm efeitos imediatos na economia, como aumento de produtividade, competitividade e geraço de empregos em diversos setores. Decises sobre investimentos tomadas hoje impactaro significativamente futuras geraçes e os alicerces do modelo de desenvolvimento de longo prazo. Tendo em vista a importncia dos investimentos em infraestrutura para o desenvolvimento do país, a Secretaria de Desenvolvimento da Infraestrutura, da Secretaria Especial de Produtividade e Competitividade do Ministério da Economia (SDI/SEPEC/ME), em parceria com o Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID), desenvolveram o Monitor de Investimentos e a Ficha de Sustentabilidade, contida nesta nota metodológica. A Ficha de Sustentabilidade, que passou por processo de consulta à sociedade, prope uma metodologia adaptada ao contexto brasileiro que tem como base o Marco de Infraestrutura Sustentável do BID. Além da apresentaço de dados e séries históricas de investimentos (agregado, setor e subsetor), o Monitor de Investimentos também irá consolidar os resultados das avaliaçes de sustentabilidade dos diversos projetos de infraestrutura segundo a metodologia proposta no presente documento. Ressalta-se que a análise de aspectos de sustentabilidade é um elemento central para decises de investimentos e gesto de riscos de investidores, credores e seguradores. A incorporaço estratégica da sustentabilidade como princípio orientador do planejamento da infraestrutura aumenta a qualidade e a resilincia da carteira de projetos do país, facilita a atraço de capital privado e coloca o Brasil em linha com as melhores práticas internacionais. Nesse sentido, o Monitor de Investimentos e os resultados almejados a partir da publicaço desta metodologia conferem, também, maior transparncia às açes do governo, facilitando o diálogo com a sociedade civil, empresas, academia e órgos multilaterais sobre a sustentabilidade da infraestrutura no Brasil.
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Polt, Wolfgang, Michael Peneder i Erich Prem. Neue europäische Industrie-, Innovations- und Technologiepolitik (NIIT). Eine Diskussion zentraler Aspekte mit Blick auf Österreich. Rat für Forschung und Technologieentwicklung, czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.606.
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Der Rat für Forschung und Technologieentwicklung (RFTE) hat vor dem Hintergrund einer in den letzten Jahren sehr intensiven Debatte um eine ‚Neue europäische Industrie-, Innovations- und Technologiepolitik‘ Joanneum Research-POLICIES und das WIFO beauftragt, (i) zum einen eine Bestandsaufnahme des aktuellen Diskussions- und Wissenstandes zu diesem Themenfeld durchzuführen, (ii) zentrale Elemente dieser Debatte in einem Prozess mit österreichischen Stakeholdern aufzubereiten und zur Diskussion zu stellen sowie (iii) auf dieser Basis Handlungsempfehlungen für eine ‚neue österreichische Industriepolitik‘ zu formulieren. In diesem Prozess wurden wir zusätzlich von Erich Prem (eutema) unterstützt. Die Auswahl der Themen auf die besonderes Gewicht gelegt werden sollte erfolgte gemeinsam mit dem Auftraggeber und umfasste: (i) allgemeine Entwicklungslinien und Ausrichtung der europäischen Industriepolitik bis hin zu den neuesten Versionen der einschlägigen Mitteilungen der Kommission, (ii) Veränderungen im europäischen Beihilferecht (insbesondere im Kontext des Instrumentes der ‚Important Projects of Common European Interest‘), (iii) die Diskussionen um CO2-Grenzausgleichsmechanismen und ihrer Einschätzung aus Industriepolitischer Sicht, (iv) die jüngst wieder stark in den Vordergrund getretene Frage der (digitalen/technologischen) Souveränität. Diese Themen wurden jeweils in eigenen Workshops behandelt. Zu diesen Workshops wurden jeweils Inputpapiere erstellt, die die Basis der Diskussionen bildeten. Zudem wurden die möglichen Implikationen dieser europäischen Entwicklungen und Handlungsoptionen in einem eigenen Workshop abschließend diskutiert. Der gegenständliche Endbericht fasst die Ergebnisse der Recherchen und Diskussionen zusammen und versteht sich als Beitrag zum Diskussionsprozess für eine Neuausrichtung der österreichischen Industrie-, Innovations- und Technologiepolitik im Kontext der Debatten um eine ‚neue Europäische Industriepolitik‘ und entwickelt Handlungsoptionen für die österreichische und europäische Ebene - zum einen was die allgemeine Richtung der europäischen industriepolitischen Debatten angeht, zum anderen in den genannten Schwerpunkten dieser Debatte.
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Bleichschmidt, Andreas. "Mobilität ist Kultur"? : die Beteiligung der Bevölkerung an der Entwicklung der Mobilitätskultur in Zürich und Frankfurt am Main im Vergleich. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, listopad 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.27460.
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Mobilität ist Kultur“ – mit diesem Motto wird seit mehreren Jahren für das Verkehrs- und Mobilitätskonzept der Stadt Zürich geworben. Das Ziel dieses Züricher Konzepts ist die lang-fristige Etablierung einer nachhaltigen Mobilitätskultur. Eine wesentliche Teilstrategie bei der Umsetzung des Konzepts ist dabei neben verkehrsplanerischen Aspekten (z.B. die gezielte Förderung bzw. der Ausbau des ÖPNV sowie des Fuß- und Radverkehrs) die umfassende und frühzeitige Information der Bevölkerung über Verkehrsplanungsverfahren und die Beteili-gung an den entsprechenden Entscheidungen. Weiterhin wird hervorgehoben, dass bereits die Mobilitätsstrategie selbst das Ergebnis eines gemeinsamen Meinungsbildungsprozesses von Bevölkerung, Planung, Politik und Wirtschaft ist. In Zürich wird nachhaltige Mobilitätskultur demnach nicht nur als neues Leitbild der Verkehrsplanung, sondern als umfassender Pla-nungs-, Kommunikations- und Kooperationsansatz verstanden (Ott 2008: 1ff.; Schreier 2005: 127ff.; Tiefbau- und Entsorgungsdepartment der Stadt Zürich 2005: 1ff.). Gerade im Zusammenhang mit Konzepten zu nachhaltiger Mobilität wird die Notwendig-keit der Kommunikation mit den Bürgern nicht nur in Planungen einzelner Kommunen, son-dern auch in theoretischen Beiträgen häufig thematisiert. So hebt beispielsweise Banister (2008: 80) hervor, dass bei Verkehrsplanungsmaßnahmen die Kommunikation – also die In-formation und Beteiligung der Bevölkerung – aber auch ein entsprechendes Marketing we-sentliche Elemente zur Steigerung der Akzeptanz nachhaltiger Mobilitätspolitik sind. Auch Beckmann (2005: 10, 16f.) betont die Notwendigkeit der Kommunikation mit den Bürgern und zivilgesellschaftlichen Gruppen, um die Akzeptanz und Wirksamkeit verkehrsplane-rischer Maßnahmen, aber auch soziale Lernprozesse im Bereich der Mobilität zu fördern. Bedingt durch die besondere Stellung direktdemokratischer Elemente im politischen Sys-tem der Schweiz hatte die Bevölkerung dort bereits lange vor der Einführung solch moderner Planungsansätze weitreichende Möglichkeiten zur Einflussnahme auf politische Entscheidun-gen (Linder 2009: 574ff.). So hebt z.B. Bratzel (1999: 183ff.) die Ablehnung der städtischen U-Bahn-Planung durch die Züricher Bevölkerung als wegweisende Richtungsänderung hervor und bewertet die Möglichkeiten zur Interessenartikulation und auch deren Durchsetzung sei-tens der Bürger als wichtigen Einflussfaktor der Entwicklung des städtischen Verkehrs. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, ob der Einfluss der Züricher Bevölkerung auf die städtische Verkehrspolitik und damit auch auf die Entwicklung der lokalen Mobilitätskultur eher einen Sonderfall darstellt, oder ob auch in anderen Städten die Bürger in ähnlicher Weise die Mobi-litätskultur mit geprägt haben. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde deshalb näher untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Bevölke-rung einer Stadt über ihr eigenes Verkehrsverhalten hinaus auf die Herausbildung der jeweili-gen Mobilitätskultur hat. Für die Analyse wurde ein Vergleich der Entwicklung der Mobili-tätskulturen in Zürich und Frankfurt am Main vorgenommen, wobei der Einfluss der Bevölke-rung auf zentrale Debatten und Entscheidungen im Mittelpunkt stand. Frankfurt ist als Ver-gleichsstadt in besonderer Weise geeignet, da Frankfurt einerseits im Hinblick auf die Stadt- und Wirtschaftsstruktur sowie die Herausforderungen im Verkehrsbereich teilweise große Ähnlichkeiten zu Zürich aufweist (Langhagen-Rohrbach 2003: 40, 44ff., 60ff.). Andererseits bestehen im Hinblick auf das politische System bzw. die politische Kultur aber auch charakte-ristische Unterschiede (Linder 2009: 567ff.; Dreßler 2010: 165ff.). Von Interesse bei der Un-tersuchung war insbesondere auch die Frage nach den Motiven für die Beteiligung der Bevöl-kerung, d.h. ob die eigentliche Intention bei der Beeinflussung städtischer Verkehrspolitik durch die Bürger die bewusste Gestaltung von Verkehr und Mobilität in der Stadt war, oder ob andere Beweggründe im Vordergrund standen. Dabei galt es ebenso herauszuarbeiten, in-wiefern die Entwicklung der Mobilitätskultur einer Stadt auch mit einer bestimmten politi-schen Kultur der Beteiligung oder einem speziellen gesellschaftlichen Kontext verknüpft ist. Für die Untersuchung wurde, aufbauend auf einer eingehenden Analyse des Begriffs „Mobilitätskultur“ selbst und möglicher Einflussfaktoren auf die urbane Mobilitätskultur, zunächst ein Vergleich der aktuellen Mobilitätskulturen in Zürich und Frankfurt vorgenom-men. Im Anschluss an eine Gegenüberstellung der jeweiligen Rahmenbedingungen der Ent-wicklung wurde dann abschließend eine vergleichende Analyse des Einflusses der Bevölke-rung auf zentrale Debatten und Ereignisse bei der Entwicklung der lokalen Mobilitätskultur durchgeführt. Bei der Analyse der Züricher Mobilitätskultur im Rahmen der Vergleiche wur-de lediglich auf die bereits vorhandene theoretische Literatur und statistische Erhebungen zurückgegriffen. Für die Untersuchung der Frankfurter Mobilitätskultur wurden zur Ergän-zung dieser Quellen zwei Experteninterviews und eine fallbezogene Analyse einschlägiger Artikel einer Frankfurter Tageszeitung durchgeführt.
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Schwedes, Christian. Präventionsarbeit an Schulen in Deutschland : Handlungsfelder und räumliche Implikationen. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, marzec 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.7576.
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Die hier vorgestellte Studie wurde durch eine konstruktivistisch informierte Betrachtung kontrastiert, um dadurch sowohl das methodische Vorgehen der quantitativen Empirie als auch deren Ergebnisse zu reflektieren. Abschließend sollen diese beiden Aspekte noch einmal aufgegriffen werden. Bezüglich der empirischen Methodik macht sie offensichtlich, dass die quantitative Studie eine Reifikation eingeschränkter Raumbilder darstellt. Sie reproduziert eine Denkweise, die komplexe soziale Prozesse anhand vereinfachter Faktoren nachvollziehbar zu machen versucht. Bei der Einbeziehung der Raumstrukturtypisierung des BBR in die Auswertung zeigt sich eine begrenzte Aussagereichweite von räumlichen Strukturdaten bezüglich (sub-)lokaler und regionaler Analysen. Die komplexen sozialräumlichen Bedingungen schulischer Präventionsarbeit, so das Ergebnis, entziehen sich weitgehend einer Analyse mithilfe von Geodaten, die entweder aus mehreren Einzelkomponenten aggregiert sind (im Falle der Raumstrukturtypen20, Bevölkerungsdichtewerte und Zentrenerreichbarkeit) oder relativ große räumliche Einheiten umfassen (z. B. siedlungsstrukturelle Gebietstypen21). Eine differenzierte Sicht auf spezifisch urbane oder rurale Settings schulischer Präventionsarbeit können die (bisher) zur Verfügung stehenden räumlichen Daten nicht leisten. Darüber hinaus wäre es selbst bei Verfügbarkeit räumlicher Daten in größerer Detailschärfe unmöglich, eine kontingente soziale Wirklichkeit vor Ort mit Hilfe sozialstatistischer Raumdaten adäquat abzubilden. Als zum Teil sehr aussagekräftig im Sinne des quantitativen Forschungsparadigmas ergaben sich hingegen die Einschätzungen der Befragten bezüglich ihres räumlichen Umfeldes. Aus Sicht eines konstruktivistisch informierten Forschungsverständnisses geben aber auch diese Ergebnisse nur eine ganz spezifische Form einer durch den quantitativen Forschungsprozess geprägten Wahrheit wieder. Trotz dieser erkenntnistheoretischen Einschränkungen können die Ergebnisse der Umfrage zur Präventionsarbeit an Schulen Anlass für weiterführende Diskussionen sein und als Basis für eine kritische Reflektion dienen. Im Folgenden werden daher die zentralen Punkte der Diskussion der empirischen Ergebnisse noch einmal aufgenommen und zusammengeführt. Pädagogen an Schulen in Deutschland sehen sich in sehr unterschiedlichem Maße mit Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Die Verschiedenheit der Bedingungen des schulischen Alltags ist vor allem geprägt durch die hohe Selektivität und die darin zugrundeliegende Ausdifferenzierung des deutschen Schulsystems. Wie bei anderen schulischen Belangen auch liegen die Differenzen bezüglich der Herausforderungen, die sich den Schulen stellen, und der Ausgestaltung von Präventionsarbeit zumeist zwischen den Schulformen. Die Aussagen der Pädagog/-innen deuten dabei auf den Einfluss sehr unterschiedlicher sozialer Wirklichkeiten auf den Schulalltag hin. Aus Sicht der Schulleiter/-innen ballen sich Herausforderungen, insbesondere was die Thematisierung abweichenden Verhaltens von Schüler/-innen angeht, vor allem an Förder- und Hauptschulen. In städtischen Quartieren, die aus Sicht der Befragten durch soziale Problemlagen gekennzeichnet sind, konzentrieren sich die Probleme in Schulen zusätzlich. Präventionsarbeit an Schulen versteht sich häufig als Antwort auf problematische soziale Verhältnisse. Da sich insgesamt ein sehr positives Bild bezüglich der von Schüler/-innen erlernten sozialen Fähigkeiten ergibt und andere Studien auf einen Rückgang beispielsweise der Jugendgewalt hindeuten, muss davon ausgegangen werden, dass es andere Gründe für die Konjunktur von schulischer Präventionsarbeit gibt als zunehmend aggressives Verhalten unter Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung belegen auch, dass Präventionsarbeit unabhängig von der Problemwahrnehmung an Schulen zur – oder nicht zur – Anwendung kommt. So spielt die Problemwahrnehmung beispielsweise keine Rolle für die Schwerpunktsetzung bei ihrer Finanzierung. Der verstärkte Einsatz von Geldern in Städten und vor allem dort, wo das Umfeld der Schulen für „multikulturell“ oder „sozial schwach“ gehalten wird, macht einen kulturalistischen bzw. sozialökologischen Einschlag von Präventionsarbeit an Schulen offensichtlich. Eine eingeschränkte Problemorientierung wird ebenfalls durch die Ergebnisse bezüglich der Prävention politisch motivierter (Hass-)Kriminalität deutlich. Fremdenfeindlichkeit im Schulumfeld wird zwar wahrgenommen, in vielen Fällen jedoch folgen darauf keine Präventionsaktivitäten. Auf der einen Seite reagiert schulische Präventionsarbeit gar nicht auf offensichtliche Missstände, auf der anderen Seite wird Prävention eingesetzt, obwohl kaum Probleme thematisiert werden (vgl. z. B. Gewaltprävention an Gymnasien). Im Wesen des Präventionsgedankens liegt begründet, dass sich Präventionsarbeit nicht unbedingt an den Herausforderungen des schulischen Alltags orientiert. Selbst wenn keine konkreten Probleme vorliegen, ist im Sinne von Primärprävention vorbeugendes Handeln angezeigt. So kommt es auch dazu, dass Präventionsarbeit häufig die Durchführung allgemeiner Lebenskompetenzprogramme bedeutet. Die Vielzahl sehr allgemein auf die Aneignung von Sozialkompetenzen ausgerichteter Präventionscurricula macht deutlich, wie der Präventionsgedanke/- diskurs den Schulalltag auch in Bereichen durchdringt, die vormals von anderen Diskursen beeinflusst waren. Unter dem Begriff „Prävention“ wird heute explizit vermittelt, was in früheren Jahrzehnten als „Erziehung“ en passant von den Lehrer/-innen geleistet wurde. Mit dem Erstarken des Präventionsparadigmas hat sich der Umgang der Lehrer/-innen mit ihren Schüler/-innen verändert. Das Fördern sozialer Fähigkeiten findet stärker institutionalisiert statt und erhält, das ist ein entscheidender Machteffekt (im Sinne Foucaults (1978)) des Präventionsbegriffs, mit der neuen Bezeichnung auch eine neue Konnotation. Sie ist verknüpft mit Begriffen wie „Risiko“, „Gefährdung“ oder „Sicherheit“. Schon die Vermittlung grundlegender sozialer Kompetenzen wird, durch den Präventionsgedanken geprägt, zunehmend von dem defizitorientierten Ziel geleitet, abweichendes Verhalten zukünftig zu verhindern oder zu minimieren. Gerade an Grundschulen, die nach den Ergebnissen der Umfrage die wichtigsten Sozialisationsinstanzen unter den Schulen sind, ist der Aspekt der frühen Förderung von Sozialkompetenzen bei Kindern Ausgangspunkt für die zunehmende Durchdringung mit dem Präventionsgedanken. Der Präventionsdiskurs, so zeigen die Ergebnisse der Umfrage, besitzt die Macht, Eingriffe in das schulische Miteinander von Lehrer/-innen und Schüler/-innen zu legitimieren, die ohne seine Popularität kaum denkbar wären. Geht man davon aus, dass unter der Bedingung „individualisierter Lebenslagen“ (Beck 2003: 144) und einer damit Einhergehenden Pluralisierung von Lebensweisen Grenzerfahrungen ein wesentliches Element von Sozialisation und Identitätsbildung sind, kommt abweichendem Verhalten eine große Bedeutung im Prozess des Aufwachsens zu. Schädlich für die Gesellschaft, im Sinne einer Verstetigung in Form kriminellen Verhaltens, ist es in den seltensten Fällen. Aus dieser Sicht erfordert nicht jedes abweichende Verhalten ein präventives Entgegenwirken und es müsste ein besonderes Augenmerk darauf liegen, dass der Präventionsgedanke nicht unreflektiert als Legitimationsfolie für ordnungspolitische Eingriffe instrumentalisiert wird. Ob der verdachtsgeleitete Umgang mit Kindern wünschenswert ist, bleibt fraglich. Bezweifelt werden kann, dass die Notwendigerweise mit Prävention einhergehende Defizitorientierung lustvolles Lernen befördert.
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Ein Bewertungsleitfaden für marine Kohlendioxid-Entnahme-Methoden. CDRmare, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cdrmare.25.
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Zu marinen Kohlendioxid-Entnahme-Methoden wird derzeit mehr geforscht als je zuvor. Das Fachwissen über die einzelnen Ansätze wächst stetig. Gleichzeitig setzt die Politik auf Kohlendioxid-Entnahme-Methoden, um nationale Klimaziele zu erreichen. Was fehlt, ist ein Instrument, mit dem die Forschungsergebnisse zusammengeführt und Methoden bewertet werden können – auf transparente und für jedermann nachvollziehbare Weise. In der Forschungsmission CDRmare entwickelt ein interdisziplinäres Team von Wissenschaftler:innen einen Bewertungsleitfaden, der dies ermöglichen soll. Er fragt nicht nur, ob eine Methode technisch, rechtlich oder politisch umsetzbar ist, sondern auch, ob ihr Einsatz gemessen an ethisch-moralischen Grundsätzen unserer Gesellschaft als »wünschenswert« bezeichnet werden kann – ein elementar wichtiger Beitrag für künftige Debatten.