Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Typology

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Typology”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 27 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Typology"

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Szeto, Pui Yiu, Jackie Yan-ki Lai i Umberto Ansaldo. "Creole typology is analytic typology". Language Ecology 3, nr 1 (12.06.2019): 89–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.17003.sze.

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Abstract This paper reviews a number of specific features typical of analytic languages, in an attempt to investigate whether Creole languages can indeed be grouped, at least structurally, with other languages of the analytic (or isolating) type. Based on Sybesma et al. (forthcoming), a study of the nature of analyticity, we select eight features which constitute rather obvious structural parallels between two unrelated groups, namely Sinitic and Kwa. In terms of Creole languages, these eight features can be also clearly located within the APiCS (Michaelis et al. 2013). Contrary to works like Bakker et al. (2011) which argue for the existence of a “Creole Prototype”, our results show that Creole languages do not cluster with each other against other non-Creole languages. Instead, various Creoles clearly owe their grammatical profile to the languages that dominate the typological environment in which they are formed.
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Ribbens, Benjamin J. "Typology of Types: Typology in Dialogue". Journal of Theological Interpretation 5, nr 1 (2011): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26421354.

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Abstract Figural reading is reemerging as an approach to theological interpretation of Scripture. As a result, biblical scholars are beginning to speak of figural reading where they once talked about typology. Typology has been a contentious matter among biblical scholars, and a firm definition of it has eluded them. For that very reason, scholars would be remiss to discard typology too quickly, before determining how to define it in the first place and how the typological debates might inform current discussions of figural reading. The debates concerning the definition of typology (a study of types) are essentially debates concerning how to define a type. This article defines a type broadly as ikonic mimēsis, which denotes a correspondence in both fact and significance between persons, events, institutions, and so on. Within this broad definition, (at least) three subcategories, each with its own characteristics, can be identified: Christological, tropological, and analogical types. By defining types broadly as ikonic mimēsis and by delineating three subcategories of types, this article establishes categories that will allow for a more transparent discussion concerning typology and its relationship to figural reading.
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Ribbens, Benjamin J. "Typology of Types: Typology in Dialogue". Journal of Theological Interpretation 5, nr 1 (2011): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jtheointe.5.1.0081.

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Abstract Figural reading is reemerging as an approach to theological interpretation of Scripture. As a result, biblical scholars are beginning to speak of figural reading where they once talked about typology. Typology has been a contentious matter among biblical scholars, and a firm definition of it has eluded them. For that very reason, scholars would be remiss to discard typology too quickly, before determining how to define it in the first place and how the typological debates might inform current discussions of figural reading. The debates concerning the definition of typology (a study of types) are essentially debates concerning how to define a type. This article defines a type broadly as ikonic mimēsis, which denotes a correspondence in both fact and significance between persons, events, institutions, and so on. Within this broad definition, (at least) three subcategories, each with its own characteristics, can be identified: Christological, tropological, and analogical types. By defining types broadly as ikonic mimēsis and by delineating three subcategories of types, this article establishes categories that will allow for a more transparent discussion concerning typology and its relationship to figural reading.
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Boletsis, Costas, i Dimitra Chasanidou. "A Typology of Virtual Reality Locomotion Techniques". Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 6, nr 9 (25.08.2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti6090072.

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Researchers have proposed a wide range of categorization schemes in order to characterize the space of VR locomotion techniques. In a previous work, a typology of VR locomotion techniques was proposed, introducing motion-based, roomscale-based, controller-based, and teleportation-based types of VR locomotion. The fact that (i) the proposed typology is used widely and makes a significant research impact in the field and (ii) the VR locomotion field is a considerably active research field, creates the need for this typology to be up-to-date and valid. Therefore, the present study builds on this previous work, and the typology’s consistency is investigated through a systematic literature review. Altogether, 42 articles were included in this literature review, eliciting 80 instances of 10 VR locomotion techniques. The results indicated that current typology cannot cover teleportation-based techniques enabled by motion (e.g., gestures and gazes). Therefore, the typology was updated, and a new type was added: “motion-based teleporting.”
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Ivačić, Matija. "Smrt voli poeziju a ne voli starost? O tipologiji junaka u češkom krimiću u razdoblju njegove „renesanse”". Slavica Wratislaviensia 163 (17.03.2017): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.163.55.

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Death loves poetry but not old age? On hero typology in the Czech crime novel in its “renaissance” periodIn the article the author analyses the typology of the central character in the Czech crime novel in its “renaissance” period 1958–1969, taking into account main tendencies of the production of the said period socialist crime novel and leaning towards the Western tradition of crime fiction, which had great influence on the appearance and character of the leading protagonist. Taking into account those tendencies, the author discusses the frequency of the worldly known “Poirot” type of the “great detective”, a wise and an experienced old man who sees crime as a logical puzzle, and tries to prove how the production of the period was marked by the reduction of the typological image of the main hero.Smrt má ráda poezii a nemá ráda stáří? O typologii hrdinů včeské detektivce vobdobí její obrodyV článku se analyzuje typologie ústředních postav v české detektivce 1958–1969 se zřetelem k dvěma hlavním tendencím v dobové produkci socialistická detektivka a vliv západní tradice. Na základě vybraných děl se autor snaží odpovědět na otázku, do jaké míry se v dobové detektivní próze prosadil tzv. poirotovský typ „velkého detektiva“, moudrého a zkušeného starce, který se zločinem zabývá jako logickou hrou, ale také i proč lze mluvit o určité redukci typologie hlavních postav.
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Kreyling, Michael, i Lee Clark Mitchell. "Wister's Typology". PMLA 102, nr 5 (październik 1987): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/462317.

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Marzooghi, Rahmatallah. "Curriculum Typology". International Journal of English Linguistics 6, nr 7 (1.12.2016): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n7p166.

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<p>An abstract is a brief and comprehensive summary of the contents of the article. It allows readers to survey the various definitions that have been presented by scholars about the concept of curriculum as a “plan” or “product”, and due to the vast variation of definitions, many classifications have been made in regarding them. Since “the curriculum” is not a “type” but has “types” itself, it is not possible to present a comprehensive definition for all those curricula such as intended, implemented, learned, implicit, hidden, sterilized, omitted, neglected, empty, taught, not taught, existed, non-existed, and so on. Therefore each curriculum must be defined based on its own unique type. In this article by using a new and innovative approach, more than 200 types of curricula, based on their common traits, are classified into 16 categories. The analysis and classification which are unique and unexampled in its own nature in the curriculum literature explain some controversies about the definitions and types of curricula categorization.</p>
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Müller-Gotama, Franz, Paolo Ramat i Franz Muller-Gotama. "Linguistic Typology". Language 65, nr 2 (czerwiec 1989): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415369.

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Kline, Jim. "Zombie Typology". Psychological Perspectives 55, nr 4 (październik 2012): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332925.2012.731883.

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Galipeau, Steven. "Archetypal Typology". Jung Journal 3, nr 2 (kwiecień 2009): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jung.2009.3.2.89.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Typology"

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Gorrie, Colin Fraser. "Ideal-Typology". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/322953.

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The critical aim of this dissertation is to show the lack of explanatory value of typological generalizations in generative research paradigms, and the constructive aim is to propose an alternative conception of typology which gives a justifiable place to typological facts. My contention is that we cannot conclude that the human language faculty (HLF) lacks the means to generate a linguistic phenomenon from only the lack of such a phenomenon in the languages of the world. The temptation to do so arises from equivocation regarding the term Language as used within different generative paradigms: the classical generative paradigm, and the generative-parametric paradigm. The former characterizes Language, understood as HLF, the mental object which allows us to produce and understand languages. For the latter, however, Language also includes the distribution of linguistic structures in the world. HLF is a natural kind; the distribution of linguistic structures in the world is not. Equivocation of the term ‘Language’; occurs when one notion is exchanged for the other within an argument. The problem: only natural kinds support induction. The goal of characterizing HLF is discovering what is necessarily true of HLF. The distribution of linguistic phenomena in the world, although constrained by what HLF allows us to acquire, is also constrained by historical contingency. Generalizations based on these accidental factors are valueless in characterizing HLF: I show this in two case studies, which deal with syllable structure and verbal morpheme order. I argue that the study of the distribution of linguistic phenomena in the world is a historical science, which requires a different set of assumptions than an experimental science such as the classical generative paradigm. The alternative I offer is called ideal-typology. Ideal-typology replaces inductive inference based on natural kinds with pragmatic explanation based on ‘ideal-types’. Ideal-types are convenient fictions, purpose-built to manipulate our cognitive systems into understanding the diversity of historical-scientific data. I illustrate the practice of ideal-typology by showing how the diversity of Chinese tone systems can be measured and organized by the use of ideal-types. Beyond increasing understanding of the data themselves, ideal-typology yields hypotheses that experimental sciences can test.
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Friedrich, Carsten. "Die Schatten der himmlischen Dinge : Typologie im Hebräerbrief /". Bonn : Verl. für Kultur und Wiss, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2937343&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Hehir, Paul. "The typology of energy". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39662.pdf.

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Tate, Alan. "Typology and built environment". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556064.

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Flouri, Eirini. "A typology of materialists". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312441.

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Weiseman, Jeffrey Reed. "A typology of relation". Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08252008-162749/.

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Pontius, Sarah E. "Genotype-Phenotype: Investigations in Typology". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1179414436.

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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.
Title from electronic theses title page (viewed July 16, 2007). Includes abstract. Keywords: architecture; typology; therapeutic; riding stable Includes bibliographic references.
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Jäger, Andreas. "Typology of periphrastic 'do'-constructions". Bochum Brockmeyer, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2883469&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Jäger, Andreas. "Typology of periphrastic d́o-̀constructions". Bochum Univ.-Verl. Brockmeyer, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2883469&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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Renick, Katherine. "A typology of online scholarships". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6067.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 12, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Książki na temat "Typology"

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Norway), Kunstbanken (Hamar, i Norsk Jernbanemuseum, red. Jernbanens typologi: Railway's typology. Oslo: Arfo, 2015.

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Frans, Plank, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft i Lower Saxony (Germany). Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst., red. Relational typology. Berlin: Mouton Publishers, 1985.

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Caffarel, Alice, J. R. Martin i Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen, red. Language Typology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.253.

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translator, Tobler Stefan 1974, red. Typology 1979. London]: Mack, 2014.

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Yeon, Jaehoon. Ŏnŏ yuhyŏngnon kangŭi: Lectures on linguistic typology. Sŏul-si: Han'guk Munhwasa, 2021.

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Abraham, Werner, i Larisa Leisiö, red. Passivization and Typology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.68.

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Lehmann, Winfred P., red. Language Typology 1985. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.47.

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Lehmann, Winfred P., red. Language Typology 1987. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.67.

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Lehmann, Winfred P., i Helen-Jo Jakusz Hewitt, red. Language Typology 1988. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.81.

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Roelcke, Thorsten, red. Variationstypologie / Variation Typology. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110202021.

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Części książek na temat "Typology"

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Muraszkiewicz, Julia, Olivia Iannelli i Peter Wieltschnig. "Typology". W Human Trafficking in Conflict, 21–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40838-1_2.

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Baechler, Günther. "Typology". W Social Indicators Research Series, 85–112. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9175-1_4.

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Spurrell, Mark. "Typology". W The Symbolism of Medieval Churches, 37–42. New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429399091-5.

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Skalička, Vladimír, i Petr Sgall. "Typology". W The Prague School of Structural and Functional Linguistics, 333–57. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.41.13ska.

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Comrie, Bernard. "Typology". W Handbook of Pragmatics, 551–53. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.m.typ1.

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Comrie, Bernard. "Typology". W Variation and Change, 234–38. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hoph.6.17com.

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Plusnin, Juri. "Typology". W Russian Provincial Society, 57–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97829-7_4.

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Comrie, Bernard. "Typology". W Handbook of Pragmatics, 1461–64. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.m2.typ1.

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Adhya, Anirban, i Philip D. Plowright. "Typology". W Urban Design Made by Humans, 170–73. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003254935-53.

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Huang, Guangyu. "Typology". W Theory of Mountainurbanology, 79–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0819-3_4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Typology"

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Zahedi, S. "Risk typology". W RISK ANALYSIS 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/risk080221.

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Ellsworth, Michael, Collin Baker i Miriam R. L. Petruck. "FrameNet and Typology". W Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Computational Typology and Multilingual NLP. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.sigtyp-1.6.

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Yin, Xiang. "AI and Typology". W CAADRIA 2023: Human-Centric. CAADRIA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.039.

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Kuta, Dagmar. "ANALYSIS OF HOUSING TYPOLOGY". W 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/52/s21.057.

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Yushkov, A. V., V. V. Dyachkov, Y. A. Zaripova i Ya V. Sidorov. "Topological Typology of Nuclei". W International Symposium on Exotic Nuclei EXON-2018. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811209451_0021.

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Buccini, Marcos, i Stephania Padovani. "Typology of the experiences". W the 2007 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1314161.1314211.

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Mangoting, Yenni, Margaretha Liansyah, Sonia Febianti i Audley Nathanael. "Typology Taxpayers in Indonesia". W Proceedings of the International Conference on Tourism, Economics, Accounting, Management, and Social Science (TEAMS 19). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/teams-19.2019.10.

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Mohajeri, Kaveh, i Dorothy Leidner. "Towards a Typology of Relevance". W Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2017.697.

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Romanova, Anna. "TYPOLOGY OF RUSSIAN HETEROTOPIC SPACE". W 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/22/s09.086.

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O'Shea, Tim. "A typology for educational interfaces". W CHI '97 extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1120212.1120291.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Typology"

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Roberts, Nancy, i Paula King. Public Entrepreneurship: A Typology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, sierpień 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada215634.

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Soenko, Yevgeny. TYPOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL VISION. Intellectual Archive, maj 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2331.

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The research is based on the statement that retina produces the proper level of electrical activity, sourcing visual system. I started the research with partial darkening of different parts of the visual fields of humans to register possible psychological and physiological changes. The tested showed dramatically increasing variability and number of changes within just four exact types of darkening. More, emotional and physiological aspects of those changes were polarized into general acceptance and general rejection of a certain type of darkening in most of the individual tests. Thus the tested formed two opposite groups within every one of those types of darkening: a group with general negative reactions and a group with general positive ones. Further, those types of darkening turned out combined in pairs. General tune of reactions of most of the tested changed to strictly reverse within a pair of upper-lower types of darkening of peripheral vision and outer-inner ones as well. Between the pairs of types of darkening, there was no correspondence. The tested showed stability of their reactions during at least several months. Thus I may state a possibility of existence in the visual system of humans of two independent neuropsychological structures both having two alternative modes of functioning with a stable preference of just one of them in every individual case. If it is true, there may be a vision-based typology.
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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Typology of agricultural productivity zones. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896298811_04.

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Namara, Regassa E., L. Horowitz, S. Kolavalli, G. Kranjac-Berisavljevic, B. N. Dawuni, Boubacar Barry i Mark Giordano. Typology of irrigation systems in Ghana. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2011.200.

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Panchenko, Liubov F., Tetiana A. Vakaliuk i Kateryna V. Vlasenko. Augmented reality books: concepts, typology, tools. [б. в.], listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4414.

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The article discussed the usage of augmented reality books in educational process. The object of research is augmented reality books. The subject of the study is the concepts and classification of augmented reality books; digital story making tools that emphasize child-teacher co-operation; difficulties in augmented reality using. The methods of research are: the analysis of publications about the issue; the analysis of digital tools capabilities; systematization and generalization of research information. In the article the facet classification for augmented books is proposed; the main facets are: reality- virtuality continuum, type of augmented materials, device types, type of interaction, spatial space of book, book’s category. Content for a module of a specialty course about augmented reality books for the system of professional training and retraining for educators in postgraduate education is discussed. Some samples of tasks for educators are presented: audio augmented book about world’s books monuments; analysis augmented reality examples in the textbook of the New Ukrainian school (subject name, topic, didactic tasks, quality of implementation, directions of expansion etc.), search and analysis augmented books according to the professional interests of the educators; discussion how augmented reality can help to improve student motivation with accent to attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction; group work about design and creation a fragment of own textbook with augmented reality.
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Gow, Kirsten, Margaret Currie, Paula Duffy, Ruth Wilson i Lorna J. Philip. Gow’s Typology of Scotland’s Islands: Technical notes. University of Aberdeen, listopad 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/22333.

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While classifications of Scotland’s islands already exist, these are often based on geographical location or local authority boundaries, which fails to acknowledge key differences between islands in close geographical proximity and overlooks commonalities between geographically dispersed islands. Measures of population size and travel time to larger population centres are routinely used in domestic and international examples of such classifications. However, these do not capture island-specific factors affecting those who live and work in islands, which are key considerations for research and policy making. Gow’s Typology of Scotland’s Islands was developed as part of a doctoral research project exploring island connections and return migration in order to address these issues and tackle some of the difficulties associated with ensuring the anonymity of research participants and the communities they live in when working with islands with small populations. The typology is framed by two concepts, capacity and reliance, and classifies inhabited islands that met the inclusion criteria set for the research project. Specifically, the typology examines: (i) the capacity an island has to meet the day-to-day needs of its inhabitants, and (ii) the island’s reliance, by which we mean the extent to which it must rely on external actors to meet these needs, and the ease or difficulty island residents might experience in doing so. The concepts, factors and associated dimensions are described in section 5 and have been used to create the classes, or ‘types’ outlined in section 6. Gow’s Typology of Scottish Islands necessarily indicates aspects of capacity and reliance in Scotland’s islands at a specific point in time. However, it has been developed in a way that allows it to be updated and also has the potential to be extended for wider use, both by adding additional factors to complement the conceptual framework, and/or by adding dimensions to existing factors. Further, it is possible that a similar approach could be adopted for other global island groupings.
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Stjernberg, Mats, Anna Vasilevskaya i Oskar Penje. Towards a grid-based Nordic territorial typology - A new tool for analysis across the urban-rural continuum. Nordregio, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:91403-2503.

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This report presents the grid-based Nordic urban–rural typology, which was developed as a new analytical tool for studying different types of spatial phenomena across Nordic territories. In this study this meant developing a typology that classifies all Nordic territories into seven different typology classes based on different degrees of urbanity and rurality. A key starting point for this work was the need for a territorial typology that would help enrich and provide new understanding of different types of urban and rural areas across the Nordic countries and shed light on how they are developing. This report first presents how the typology was created, including the rationale behind the typology, key considerations at different stages of the work, and the main operational steps taken. The main purpose was to create a new territorial typology, to which different types of data could be combined, thus helping to provide a more nuanced and fine-grained understanding of territorial differences across the Nordic countries. Several key principles were specified early in the work. These include that the typology should be created at grid-level (1 x 1 km) as this allows identifying the characteristics of different types of areas at a very detailed territorial level. Another key decision was to create the typology mainly using open-source data and following a replicable method, to make any possible future updates to the typology easier and less costly. For the development of the Nordic typology, the Finnish grid-based urban–rural classification (Kaupunki-maaseutuluokitus) was the main source of inspiration. This Nordic typology and population data at grid level (linked to the typology) is then used as an analytical lens for studying territorial differences, settlement pattens and demographic change dynamics in the five Nordic countries. According to the typology, the Nordic countries are predominantly rural when considering how their land areas are classified. However, an examination of settlement patterns according to the Nordic typology shows that the settlements are rather unevenly distributed in all the Nordic countries, and the majority of the population live relatively concentrated in areas that are classified as urban. In general, the population is largely concentrated in coastal areas and along waterways, where the major urban regions are found, reflecting historical patterns and features of physical geography. The Nordic typology is also used to examine what types of population change dynamics occurred in the Nordic countries during the period 2008–2022. The analysis shows that urbanisation has been a general trend during the past couple of decades, with the largest population growth occurring in the typology classes inner urban and outer urban. A relatively noticeable increase in population is also evident in peri-urban areas, suggesting suburbanisation and that intermediate areas located on the urban fringes have increasingly attracted new residents. In rural areas, the general trend shows that depopulation has occurred in many rural localities, but different types of rural areas have developed quite differently. Based on the analysis, rural areas that are in the vicinity of cities and towns appear to have become more attractive places for people to settle, while sparsely populated rural areas seem to be less favourably placed and have generally witnessed population decrease. This report shows how this typology and more fine-grained data can help reveal territorial differences that cannot be observed with more general statistics and data. The grid-based Nordic typology shows that many municipalities are at the same time both urban, intermediate, and rural, and in many cases these different categories seem to be undergoing quite different types of development. While the Nordic urban–rural typology is used in this study to examine settlement patterns and population change dynamics, it should be stressed that the typology is also well-suited to be used in combination with other types of data and as an analytical framework for studying also other types of spatial phenomena across the urban–rural continuum.
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Vickers, Ross R., i Jr. Stress Reactivity: Five-Factor Representation of a Psychobiological Typology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, sierpień 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada252715.

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P., Batra, i Pirard R. Is a typology for planted forests feasible, or even relevant? Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005608.

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Rato, Berta, Ana Roldão i Oliver Mühlhan. A typology of creative cities in the world - lessons learned. DINÂMIA'CET-IUL, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7749/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2009.82.

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