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1
Han, Je-Chin, i Srinath Ekkad. "Recent Development in Turbine Blade Film Cooling". International Journal of Rotating Machinery 7, nr 1 (2001): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x01000033.
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Gas turbines are extensively used for aircraft propulsion, land-based power generation, and industrial applications. Thermal efficiency and power output of gas turbines increase with increasing turbine rotor inlet temperature (RIT). The current RIT level in advanced gas turbines is far above the .melting point of the blade material. Therefore, along with high temperature material development, a sophisticated cooling scheme must be developed for continuous safe operation of gas turbines with high performance. Gas turbine blades are cooled internally and externally. This paper focuses on external blade cooling or so-called film cooling. In film cooling, relatively cool air is injected from the inside of the blade to the outside surface which forms a protective layer between the blade surface and hot gas streams. Performance of film cooling primarily depends on the coolant to mainstream pressure ratio, temperature ratio, and film hole location and geometry under representative engine flow conditions. In the past number of years there has been considerable progress in turbine film cooling research and this paper is limited to review a few selected publications to reflect recent development in turbine blade film cooling.
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Alipour, Ramin, Roozbeh Alipour, Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor, Michal Petrů i Seyed Alireza Ghazanfari. "On the Performance of Small-Scale Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbines. Part 1: One Single Turbine". Sustainability 12, nr 15 (24.07.2020): 5985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155985.
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The blade number of a current tidal turbine is one of the essential parameters to increase the stability, performance and efficiency for converting tidal current energy into rotational energy to generate electricity. This research attempts to investigate the effect of blade number on the performance of a small-scale horizontal tidal current turbine in the case of torque, thrust coefficient and power coefficient. Towards this end and according to the blade element momentum theory, three different turbines, i.e., two, three and four-bladed, were modeled using Solidworks software based on S-814 airfoil and then exported to the ANSYS-FLUENT for computational flow dynamics (CFD) analysis. SST-K-ω turbulence model was used to predict the turbulence behavior and several simulations were conducted at 2 ≤ tip speed ratio ≤ 7. Pressure contours, turbulence kinetic energy contours, cut-in-speed-curves, and streamlines around the blades and rotors were extracted and compared to provide an ability for a deep discussion on the turbine performance. The results show that in the case of obtainable power, the optimal value of tip speed ratio is around 5, so that the maximum power was achieved for the four-bladed turbine. Out of optimal condition, higher blade number and lower blade number turbines should be used at less than and greater than the optimal values of tip speed ratio, respectively. The results of simulations for the three-bladed turbine were validated against the experimental data with good agreement.
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Anderson, Benjamin, Pietro Bortolotti i Nick Johnson. "Development of an open-source segmented blade design tool". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2265, nr 3 (1.05.2022): 032023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032023.
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Abstract As wind turbines continue to grow ever larger to reduce the cost of energy, their blades follow suit, with the largest commercial offshore blades extending past 100 m. Massive blades such as these raise key transportation and manufacturing challenges, especially for land-based turbines. Segmented blades are one solution and are garnering increased industry and research interest. In this work, a detailed mechanical joint model is integrated into the Wind-Plant Integrated System Design and Engineering Model (WISDEM®), which will facilitate future segmented blade research and optimization. WISDEM is used to design a wind turbine with 100-m segmented blades. This wind turbine design is compared to other machines with 100-m monolithic blades designed for rail-transportability. The designs are compared in terms of blade mass and cost, turbine capital cost, annual energy production, and levelized cost of energy, with monolithic designs being the lightest and most economical. However, this result may vary by wind plant location. A variety of segmentation joint types exist, and they will inevitably vary in parameters such as cost, spanwise location, and physical characteristics. This work examines the sensitivity of wind turbine design drivers and annual energy production to a variety of the aforementioned parameters, using the open-source wind turbine design codes OpenFAST and WISDEM, finding that joint mass, stiffness, and location can have significant effects on design drivers.
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Pandey, Rohit. "Development and Optimization of Wind Turbine Blade Design for Enhanced Efficiency". Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 70, nr 1 (31.01.2021): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v70i1.2505.
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The improvement and optimisation of wind energy system performance and efficiency depend heavily on the design of wind turbine blades. Wind power has emerged as a viable option for environmentally friendly electricity generation in response to the rising demand for renewable energy sources. The structural properties and aerodynamic performance of a wind turbine's blades have a significant impact on its efficiency.This study focuses on the systematic creation and efficiency optimisation of wind turbine blade designs. The study uses a multidisciplinary strategy that incorporates optimisation, structural analysis, and aerodynamics. The goal is to increase power generation while maintaining the structural integrity, cost-effectiveness, and safety of the blades.The research starts with a thorough examination of the strengths and weaknesses of the current designs for wind turbine blades. To assess the performance of various blade shapes, various aerodynamic theories, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and wind tunnel measurements are used. The issue of wind turbine blade noise is also included in the study. To lessen the influence of noise on the environment, noise reduction techniques like trailing-edge serrations are being researched. The project also investigates the use of cutting-edge materials, like carbon fibre composites, to lighten the blades without sacrificing their structural integrity.The results of this study are anticipated to have a big impact on wind turbine blade design. It is projected that the optimised blade designs will improve wind energy systems' overall efficiency by boosting power output and lowering aerodynamic loads. While the use of noise reduction measures enhances the environmental friendliness of wind turbines, structural analysis ensures the safety and dependability of the blades.
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Finnegan, William, Priya Dasan Keeryadath, Rónán Ó Coistealbha, Tomas Flanagan, Michael Flanagan i Jamie Goggins. "Development of a numerical model of a novel leading edge protection component for wind turbine blades". Wind Energy Science 5, nr 4 (13.11.2020): 1567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1567-2020.
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Abstract. As the world shifts to using renewable sources of energy, wind energy has been established as one of the leading forms of renewable energy. However, as wind turbines get increasingly larger, new challenges within the design, manufacture and operation of the turbine are presented. One such challenge is leading edge erosion on wind turbine blades. With larger wind turbine blades, tip speeds begin to reach over 300 km h−1. As water droplets impact along the leading edge of the blade, rain erosion begins to occur, increasing maintenance costs and reducing the design life of the blade. In response to this, a new leading edge protection component (LEP) for offshore for wind turbine blades is being developed, which is manufactured from thermoplastic polyurethane. In this paper, an advanced finite element analysis (FEA) model of this new leading edge protection component has been developed. Within this study, the FEA model has been validated against experimental trials at demonstrator level, comparing the deflection and strains during testing, and was found to be in good agreement. The model is then applied to a full-scale wind turbine blade and is then modelled with the LEP bonded onto the blade's leading edge and compared to previously performed experimental trials, where the results were found to be well aligned when comparing the deflections of the blade. The methodology used to develop the FEA model can be applied to other wind blade designs in order to incorporate the new leading edge protection component to eliminate the risk of rain erosion and improve the sustainability of wind turbine blade manufacture while increasing the service life of the blade.
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Boedi, Silvy Dollorossa, Josephine Sundah, Meidy Kawulur i Franklin Bawano. "Design and Construction of Kinetic Turbine External Hinged Blade as A Picohydro Scale Power Plant". International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 12, nr 1 (30.12.2022): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.a9367.1212122.
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The problem of energy shortage is still a global problem which is especially felt in developing countries whose residents live in villages, which still require the development of more efficient energy sources. Limited fossil fuels make water energy the best energy option. The problem of meeting the availability of electricity in rural areas by utilizing water energy as new and renewable energy is a long-term goal in this research. The current research on kinetic turbines is a combination of two types of waterwheels, which have a vertical axis (overshot and swell turbines). The vertical shaft is made so that the generator is easier to install and all the blades get a boost in the flow of water. Most water turbines have fixed blades. In this research, the target of the novelty is a kinetic turbine with a vertical shaft which has a hinged blade. Hinged blades are blades that can move when the flow of water hits the blades, so that on one side of the turbine it will reduce the negative torque and on the other hand it will increase the rotation of the turbine. The results of the research that became the target, namely, obtained a turbine design that has more optimal turbine power and efficiency, compared to a turbine that has a fixed blade, so that this externally hinged blade kinetic turbine can contribute to the provision of rural electrical energy. This research method is an experiment by doing independent variations on the number of blades, and blade 10 has an optimum power value of 59.01 Watt.
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Rantererung, Corvis L., Titus Tandiseno i Mika Mallisa. "Development of Four Nossel Cross Flow Turbine". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2394, nr 1 (1.12.2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2394/1/012029.
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Abstract ross flow turbines are widely used as turbines for driving micro-scale hydropower plants in rural areas, but their efficiency is still low because cross flow turbines only use one nozzle. The utilization of the potential energy of water is not optimal yet to be converted into pressure and kinetic energy of water in the nozzles with high water velocity hitting the turbine blades. The problem of cross flow turbines with one nozzle has an uneven flow of water to the turbine blades, and it is not effective in converting potential energy into power in the turbine. The purpose of this research is to develop a four-nozzle Cross Flow turbine and test its performance. The method used is to conduct experimental testing in a laboratory that tests the performance of a cross flow turbine using four nozzles. A cross flow turbine with four nozzles has better performance than a cross flow turbine using only one nozzle. The results obtained that the cross flow turbine with four nozzles where the water jets out of the nozzle is more evenly distributed and the flow of water enters the turbine blade runner, resulting in a good impulse reaction in the blades. The conclusion is that the performance of the four nozzle cross flow turbine is able to produce higher turbine rotation, power and efficiency.
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Zawadzki, Karol, Wojciech Śmiechowicz, Małgorzata Stępień, Anna Baszczyńska i Michał Tarkowski. "Influence of the Solidity Ratio on the Small Wind Turbine Aerodynamics". E3S Web of Conferences 242 (2021): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124203006.
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Increasing popularity of individualised electricity generation from wind by prosumers creates a strong demand for profitable and highly efficient small wind turbines. This paper investigates the influence of rotor blade solidity parameter on device efficiency in hope of determining its optimal value as a part of the development process of the GUST small wind turbine. The study involved experimental analysis in the wind tunnel and numerical simulations performed in QBlade software. Different solidities of the rotor were achieved by alteration of (1) number of blades and (2) chord distribution along the blade span. The increase of rotor solidity resulted in augmentation of the aerodynamic efficiency in both approaches. The elongation of the chord by 33% in a 3-bladed rotor resulted in a bigger power coefficient increment than addition of a 4th blade with original chord distribution. Even though the solidity was the same, the 3-bladed rotor performed better, possibly due to lower form drag. The results emphasize the importance of the rotor solidity optimization during the small wind turbine rotor development and may significantly influence overall power output.
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Xu, Liang, Zineng Sun, Qicheng Ruan, Lei Xi, Jianmin Gao i Yunlong Li. "Development Trend of Cooling Technology for Turbine Blades at Super-High Temperature of above 2000 K". Energies 16, nr 2 (5.01.2023): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020668.
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Aeroengines and heavy-duty gas turbines are the core power equipment in the field of national defense and energy. Their research and development (R&D) level and manufacturing level represent the status of a country’s heavy industry in the world. The common cooling technologies of turbine blades including impingement cooling, film cooling, effusion cooling, layer cooling, pin fin cooling, and rough ribs were introduced in this paper. With the continuous improvement of the efficiency and performance of aeroengines and gas turbines, the turbine inlet temperature increases gradually every year; turbine blades will be exposed to higher gas temperatures in the future as gas temperatures break 2000 K. In order to ensure the safe operation of turbine blades under severe super-high temperature working conditions, cooling technology must be developed emphatically. This paper first reviews the research status of turbine blade cooling technology and points out future research focuses. The development trends of next-generation turbine blade cooling technology for above 2000 K temperature are summarized from several aspects: the innovative excavation of high-efficiency composite cooling configuration, multi-objective cooperative cooling structure and optimization design based on 3D printing, composite cooling structure design and optimization based on an artificial intelligence algorithm, tapping the cooling potential of new cooling media and heat pipes, integrated thermal protection with new thermal insulators, and the application of low-resistance and high-efficiency surface dimple cooling. The summary of this paper can provide a reference for the researchers of turbine blade cooling technology.
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Sutrisno, Sutrisno, Deendarlianto Deendarlianto, Indarto Indarto, Sigit Iswahyudi, Muhammad Agung Bramantya i Setyawan Bekti Wibowo. "Performances and Stall Delays of Three Dimensional Wind Turbine Blade Plate-Models with Helicopter-Like Propeller Blade Tips". Modern Applied Science 11, nr 10 (30.09.2017): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n10p189.
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The research on three dimensional (3-D) wind turbine blades has been introduced (Sutrisno, Prajitno, Purnomo, & B.W. Setyawan, 2016). In the current experiment, the 3-D wind turbine blades would be fitted with helicopter-like blade tips and additional fins to the blade hubs to demonstrate some laminarizing features. It was found that additional helicopter-like blade tip to the turbine blade creates strong laminar flows over the surface of the blade tips. Supplementary, finned hub, fitted to the blade body, creates rolled-up vortex flows, weakens the blade stall growth development, especially for blades at high-speed wind. A proposed mathematical form of modified lifting line model has been developed to pursue further 3-d blade development study of 3-d wind turbine blade. Rolled up vortex effects, developed by finned of the base hub, has been acknowledged could demolish the turbulent region, as well as laminarize the stall domain to intensify the induced wind turbine blade lift.
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Rajput, Himanshu, Anil Gupta, Harihar Sah, Manoj Gattani i Raj kumar Satankar. "Design and development of the divergent wind turbine". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1084, nr 1 (1.10.2022): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1084/1/012075.
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Abstract Wind energy is a prime source of renewable energy nowadays. Wind energy is converted to electrical energy with the help of wind turbines. There is various kind of wind turbines depending upon their axis and shape. The wind turbine which we have designed is a vertical axis helical wind turbine that is circular. Going from top to bottom, the diameter of the circular blades increases. The diameter at the top is the lowest and at the bottom it is maximum. Such a design is proposed to utilize the maximum wind pressure created by vehicles on road. Positive results have been received by testing the wind turbines on CFD simulation. Three different kinds of wind turbines have been tested under the same conditions on different parameters. Wind turbines having 4 blades have been compared with curved blade wind turbines with the respective amount of blades, and results are drawn.
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Wagner, L. F., i J. H. Griffin. "Blade Vibration With Nonlinear Tip Constraint: Model Development". Journal of Turbomachinery 112, nr 4 (1.10.1990): 778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927721.
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Turbine blades having integrally machined tip shrouds, with associated gaps between adjacent shrouds, often exhibit unusual vibratory responses with significant differences between the amplitudes and frequencies of individual blades on the same stage. These differences result from unavoidable variations in the shroud gaps causing, for large enough excitation, nonlinear constraint at the blade tips which varies from blade to blade. This study shows that the blade stresses cannot be adequately represented by the type of single-degree-of-freedom models that are often used for dynamic impact studies, but require the participation of higher frequency beam-type modes. The extension of the resulting beam model to multi-degree-of-freedom systems will allow the study of the “gap mistuning” phenomenon for practical bladed disks.
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Mantsha, Khathutshelo Kentridge, Dawood Ahmed Desai i P. Stephan Heyns. "Development of a Modal-Based Turbomachine Blade-Disk Attachment Inspection Technique". International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 54 (czerwiec 2021): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.54.147.
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Turbine blade failures are among the leading causes of steam turbine failure. Failure types typically include cracking, rubbing, blade fouling, and foreign object damage. There is currently a range of non-destructive testing methods used to detect damage at the blade-disk attachment zone, all of which involve disassembling of the blade from the disk for periodic inspection. Evidence indicate that a method to detect damage at the blade-disk attachment zone using a non-contact, non-destructive in-situ off-line modal-based structural health monitoring technique could be useful under some circumstances. Such a technique would have the advantage of eliminating the necessity to disassemble blades during inspection. This would result in significant cost savings. Also, defects associated with the disassembly and reassembly of blades would be avoided. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a modal-based turbomachinery blade disk attachment inspection technique. Modal parameters were acquired from a robust experimental modal analysis of freely supported low-pressure steam turbine blade-disk segment assemblies. Artificial single-location cracks were intentionally introduced into the turbine blades by cutting a 1 mm thickness notch at three probable damage locations, namely, at the upper pinhole on the leading-edge pressure side, above the root at the base of the aerofoil on the leading-edge and on the trailing-edge. In this work, a finite element analysis of the bladed disk segment assemblies was carried out with and without damage. To validate the reliability of the numerical models, the numerical results were correlated with the measured values, the results of which showed a strong correlation. Finally, a parametric study was conducted in which various healthy and damaged blade-disk cases were systematically investigated. This was done to examine the sensitivity of the blade natural frequency to damage. The artificial damage above the root was found to cause the largest changes in natural frequency. These changes were even more pronounced for assemblies with two blades. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the discriminatory ability of the results. Each damage case was found to be unique and therefore identifiable from its corresponding healthy case.
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Molyakov, V. D., i B. A. Kunikeev. "Using the Similarity Theory in the Design of Gas Turbine Engines". Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, nr 6 (735) (czerwiec 2021): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-6-48-57.
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At present, in the promising development of gas turbine engines compared to at least the fourth generation products, there have been significant changes in the approaches to the design of engine. First of all, it is an increase in maximum values of temperature, gas pressure and circumferential flow speeds, an increase in power of the turbine stage, as well as improvement of the turbine manufacturing technology. All these factors lead to the fact that when designing the flow parts of the gas turbine, it is necessary at the fixed design flow rate of the working medium in the engine, i.e. at the fixed diameters, lengths of the nozzle and rotor blades forming the outline of the inter-blade channels, to increase the blade chords with the corresponding reduction of the number of blades in the row. The increase in turbine stage power associated with the increase in temperature, pressure (density), and circumferential velocity increases the bending stresses leading to the need to increase chords at a fixed blade length. Significant reduction of number of blades in stages, simplifies technology of blades manufacturing. A substantial increase in the maximum gas temperature, in the perspective of more than 2000 K, also leads to the need to increase the blade chords, due to the need to place cooling cavities in the blades. As a result, contradictions arise with the use of similarity theory in the design of stages of turbines of different purpose, as some of the main requirements of similarity are violated — geometric similarity of blade channels of the flow part and then the use of the generally accepted number Re by the chord of blades loses meaning. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out detailed investigations of all flow parameters in four stages of turbines with detection of influence of change of rotor blade chords at equal length of blades. And justify the effect of change of rotor blade chords on physical processes in flow parts of turbines in engines of various purpose.
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Xu, Lianchen, Xiaohui Jin, Zhen Li, Wanquan Deng, Demin Liu i Xiaobing Liu. "Particle Image Velocimetry Test for the Inter-Blade Vortex in a Francis Turbine". Processes 9, nr 11 (4.11.2021): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9111968.
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Hydropower units are usually operated in non-design conditions because of power grid requirements. In a partial-load condition, an inter-blade vortex phenomenon occurs between the runner blades of a Francis turbine, causing pressure pulsation and unit vibration, which hinder the safe and stable operation of power stations. However, the mechanism through which the inter-blade vortex generation occurs is not entirely clear. In this study, a specific model of the Francis turbine was used to investigate and visually observe the generation of the blade vortex in Francis turbines in both the initial inter-blade and vortex development zones. Particle image velocimetry was used for this purpose. In addition, we determined the variation law of the inter-blade vortex in the Francis turbine. We found that the size and strength of the inter-blade vortex depend on the unit speed of the turbine. The higher the unit speed is, the stronger the inter-blade vortex becomes. We concluded that the inter-blade vortex of such turbines originates from the pressure surface or secondary flow and stall of the blade at the inlet side of the runner at high unit speeds, and also from the backflow zone of the suction surface of the blade at low unit speeds.
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Sun, Da-Gang, Jin-Jun Guo, Yong Song, Bi-juan Yan, Zhan-Long Li i Hong-Ning Zhang. "Flutter stability analysis of a perforated damping blade for large wind turbines". Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, nr 3 (28.04.2017): 973–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217705290.
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The flutter stability of wind turbine blades is one of the important contents in the research of wind turbines. The bending stiffness of blades has decreased with the development of large-sized wind turbines. To achieve damping flutter-suppressing on the long spanwise blades, perforated damping blade was proposed under the consideration of the structural damping factor and the structural stiffness in this paper. Through the study of the unit cell, the deformation model was established and the structural loss factor of the perforated damping blade was derived. The undamped blade and the perforated damping blade, combined with the relevant parameters of a 1500 kW wind turbine blade, were established to simulate the flutter-suppressing abilities and the structural stability. The dynamic response analysis was accomplished with the large deformation theory, and the MPC algorithm was used to realize grid mobile and data delivery, according to the Newmark time integration method. The comparison results show that the perforated damping blade has both a higher structural damping factor and a better structural stiffness.
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Song, Xiaowen, Zhitai Xing, Yan Jia, Xiaojuan Song, Chang Cai, Yinan Zhang, Zekun Wang, Jicai Guo i Qingan Li. "Review on the Damage and Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Blades in the Germination Stage". Energies 15, nr 20 (12.10.2022): 7492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207492.
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In recent years, wind turbines have shown a maximization trend. However, most of the wind turbine blades operate in areas with a relatively poor natural environment. The stability, safety, and reliability of blade operation are facing many challenges. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the structural health of wind turbine blades to avoid the failure of wind turbine outages and reduce maintenance costs. This paper reviews the commonly observed types of damage and damage detection methods of wind turbine blades. First of all, a comprehensive summary of the common embryonic damage, leading edge erosion, micro-cracking, fiber defects, and coating defects damage. Secondly, three fault diagnosis methods of wind turbine blades, including nondestructive testing (NDT), supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), and vibration signal-based fault diagnosis, are introduced. The working principles, advantages, disadvantages, and development status of nondestructive testing methods are analyzed and summarized. Finally, the future development trend of wind turbine blade detection and diagnosis technology is discussed. This paper can guide the use of technical means in the actual detection of wind turbine blades. In addition, the research prospect of fault diagnosis technology can be understood.
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Yang, Xiaolei, Daniel Foti, Christopher Kelley, David Maniaci i Fotis Sotiropoulos. "Wake Statistics of Different-Scale Wind Turbines under Turbulent Boundary Layer Inflow". Energies 13, nr 11 (11.06.2020): 3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13113004.
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Subscale wind turbines can be installed in the field for the development of wind technologies, for which the blade aerodynamics can be designed in a way similar to that of a full-scale wind turbine. However, it is not clear whether the wake of a subscale turbine, which is located closer to the ground and faces different incoming turbulence, is also similar to that of a full-scale wind turbine. In this work we investigate the wakes from a full-scale wind turbine of rotor diameter 80 m and a subscale wind turbine of rotor diameter of 27 m using large-eddy simulation with the turbine blades and nacelle modeled using actuator surface models. The blade aerodynamics of the two turbines are the same. In the simulations, the two turbines also face the same turbulent boundary inflows. The computed results show differences between the two turbines for both velocity deficits and turbine-added turbulence kinetic energy. Such differences are further analyzed by examining the mean kinetic energy equation.
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Wang, Xu Dong, Li Cun Wang, Xian Ming Zhang i Jun Feng. "Flexible and Vibration Characteristics Simulation for the Large Megawatt Size Wind Turbine Blades". Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (marzec 2011): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.363.
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In the development of new large megawatt size wind turbines, aerodynamic and structural reserch is interesting and important for study wind turbine performace and boost the development of wind power. In this paper, the aerodynamic and aeroelastic characteristic of blades is investigated and presented based on Blade Element Momentum and Hamilton theory. Then the flexible characteristics of balde is researched with the aerodynamic and aeroelastic model of the rotor. The flapwise and edgewise displacements, velocities and accelerations of blade tip are simulated and plotted to validate the model which is presented in this paper. The results have very important significance to investigate the vibration and fatigue lifetime of the wind turbine blades.
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Curtis, E. M., H. P. Hodson, M. R. Banieghbal, J. D. Denton, R. J. Howell i N. W. Harvey. "Development of Blade Profiles for Low-Pressure Turbine Applications". Journal of Turbomachinery 119, nr 3 (1.07.1997): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841154.
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This paper describes a program of work, largely experimental, which was undertaken with the objective of developing an improved blade profile for the low-pressure turbine in aero-engine applications. Preliminary experiments were conducted using a novel technique. An existing cascade of datum blades was modified to enable the pressure distribution on the suction surface of one of the blades to be altered. Various means, such as shaped inserts, an adjustable flap at the trailing edge, and changing stagger were employed to change the geometry of the passage. These experiments provided boundary layer and lift data for a wide range of suction surface pressure distributions. The data were then used as a guide for the development of new blade profiles. The new blade profiles were then investigated in a low-speed cascade that included a set of moving bars upstream of the cascade of blades to simulate the effect of the incoming wakes from the previous blade row in a multistage turbine environment. Results are presented for two improved profiles that are compared with a datum representative of current practice. The experimental results include loss measurements by wake traverse, surface pressure distributions, and boundary layer measurements. The cascades were operated over a Reynolds number range from 0.7 × 105 to 4.0 × 105. The first profile is a “laminar flow” design that was intended to improve the efficiency at the same loading as the datum. The other is a more highly loaded blade profile intended to permit a reduction in blade numbers. The more highly loaded profile is the most promising candidate for inclusion in future designs. It enables blade numbers to be reduced by 20 percent, without incurring any efficiency penalty. The results also indicate that unsteady effects must be taken into consideration when selecting a blade profile for the low-pressure turbine.
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., Sutrisno, Prajitno ., Purnomo . i B. W. Setyawan. "The Performance & Flow Visualization Studies of Three dimensional (3-D) Wind Turbine Blade Models". Modern Applied Science 10, nr 5 (2.04.2016): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n5p132.
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<p>The researches on the design of 3-D wind turbine blades have been received less attention so far even though 3-D blade products are widely sold. In the opposite, advanced researches in 3-D helicopter blade have been studied rigorously. Researches in wind turbine blade modeling are mostly assumed that blade span wise sections behaves as independent two dimensional (2-D) airfoils, implying that there is no exchange of momentum in the span wise direction. Further more flow visualization experiments are infrequently conducted.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of 3-D wind turbine blade models with backward-forward swept and verify the flow patterns using flow visualization. In this research, the blade models are constructed based on the twist and chord distributions following Schmitz’s formula. Forward and backward swept are added to the wind turbine blades. It is hoped that the additional swept would enhance or diminish outward flow disturbance or stall development propagation on the span wise blade surfaces to give better blade design.</p><p>The performance of the 3-D wind turbine system models are measured by a torque meter, employing Prony’s braking system, and the 3-D flow patterns around the rotating blade models are investigated applying “tuft-visualization technique”, to study the appearance of laminar, separated and boundary layer flow patterns surrounding the 3-dimentional blade system.</p>For low speed wind turbines, Dumitrescu and Cardos (2011) have identified that stall spreads from the root of the rotating blade. In this study, it is found that for blades with (i) forward swept tip and backward swept root, the initial stall at the blade bottom would be amplified by concurrent strengthening flow due to the backward swept root to create strong stall spreading outward, and therefore the blades gives lower performance. For blades with (ii) backward swept tip and forward swept root, the initial stall at the blade bottom would be weakened by opposite weakening flow due to the forward swept root, generate weak stall that tend to deteriorate. These blades have better performance.
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Wu, Lei, Yan Chao Yin, Zhuang Xiong i Yi Long Yan. "Research on Cutting Force Simulation for Francis Hydro Turbine’s Blade Based on VERICUT". Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (luty 2014): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.78.
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Hydro turbine blade is a very complex body closed by sculptured surface, and reasonable cutting parameters are very important for the quality of Francis Hydro Turbine blades and machining efficiency. An implementation method of digital cutting force simulation was proposed in this paper for Francis Hydro Turbines Blade based on VERICUT. Firstly ,cutting parameters can be extracted by the secondary development of VERICUT, and the forecasting process of cutting force have been established under the different parameters in theVERICUT. Then we can obtain the change of cutting force by adjusting cutting parameters in the process of digital machining simulation, and the influence of cutting parameter on cutting force was analyzed. Finally, the case study on the Hydro turbine blade has been conducted, and its application results are remarkable.
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Cheruvu, N. S. "Development of a Corrosion Resistant Directionally Solidified Material for Land Based Turbine Blades". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, nr 4 (1.10.1998): 744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818462.
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Advanced turbines with improved efficiency require materials that can operate at higher temperatures. Availability of these materials would minimize cooling flow requirements, and, thus, improve the efficiency of a turbine. Advanced processing. such as directional solidification (DS), can improve temperature capability of the majority of Ni based superalloys. However, results of earlier work on IN-738 reveal that the DS process does not significantly improve temperature capability of this alloy. A research program was initiated to develop a corrosion resistant Ni-based DS blade material for land based turbines. In this program, eight heats with varied Cr, Al, Ti, Ta, and W contents were selected for evaluation. Screening tests performed on these heats in the DS condition include tensile, creep, and corrosion. The Results of experimental heats were compared with those of IN-738 in the equiaxed condition. From these results, two chemistries offering approximately 100°F temperature advantage at typical row I turbine blade operating stress were selected for castability and further mechanical property evaluation. Several row 1 solid and cored turbine blades were successfully cast. The blades were evaluated for grain structure and mechanical properties. Tests were also conducted to evaluate the effects of withdrawal rates on properties. These results are summarized in this paper.
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Erinofiardi, Erinofiardi, Ravi Koirala, Nirajan Shiwakoti i Abhijit Date. "Sustainable Power Generation Using Archimedean Screw Turbine: Influence of Blade Number on Flow and Performance". Sustainability 14, nr 23 (30.11.2022): 15948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315948.
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Hydropower has been one of the mature renewable energy systems encompassing a major fraction of renewable energy. Archimedean screw turbines are gaining new interest in hydropower generation that are suitable for low head applications. This paper empirically and experimentally studies the flow inside Archimedean screw turbines along with the influence of blade numbers on their performance. The major objective of this work is to investigate performance and conduct design optimization of a screw turbine operating under ultra-low head (<0.2 m) conditions. Experimentally verified empirical results show its reliability in estimating the performance of turbines at low operational speeds. Further, the results show that with the increasing number of blades, the efficiency and power generation capacity can be increased, but the overall performance improvement relative to one blade turbine peaks at around 7 blades. Increasing the power generation capacity can in turn make the turbine compact and could be fabricated at a low-cost.
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Suarez, E., i H. R. Przirembel. "Pyrometry for turbine blade development". Journal of Propulsion and Power 6, nr 5 (wrzesień 1990): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.23259.
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Ozoliņš, Ilmārs, Ēriks Ozoliņš i Valērija Fedotova. "Development of a Method for Calculating the Working Blade Stress Profile of the Aviation Gas Turbine Engine for Student Training". Transport and Aerospace Engineering 6, nr 1 (1.11.2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tae-2018-0007.
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Abstract The paper presents a method of calculation gas turbine engine compressor or low-pressure turbine working blade profile for student training. This method of calculation was prepared for working blades with and without shroud shelves. This method provides a calculation technique to reduce the load on blade root part and the determination of blade profile stress distribution and the comparison before and after reduction of load.
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Malael, Ion, i Ioana Octavia Bucur. "Numerical Evaluation of the Flow around a New Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Concept". Sustainability 13, nr 16 (12.08.2021): 9012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169012.
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In order to develop a sustainable economy based on the efficient use of green energy resources, it is necessary to research and innovate systems such as wind turbines. In this paper, a new configuration for vertical axis wind turbines was proposed and numerically analyzed using CFD methods. The concept is based on solving the starting problem of lift-based vertical axis wind turbines. The new concept consists of three blades with different chords, arranged at different radii so that the interaction between the blades is reduced and the operation in the vortex wake is minimal, thus reducing the losses. Through comparing a classic case of an H-Darrieus wind turbine with the new concept, not only were satisfying results regarding the blade-to-blade interaction presented, but an increased efficiency of up to 10% was also observed. Among the presented results is the variation of the vorticity magnitude at different positions of the blades, thus, the concept’s blade-to-blade interaction is reduced. Conclusions drawn after the investigation are in favor of the proposed geometry and the concept should be pursued further.
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Mino, K. "Development of ODS Superalloy Technology in Japan for Turbine Blade Applications". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 113, nr 4 (1.10.1991): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906279.
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The strength of ODS superalloys has not been so satisfactory as to attract much attention for application in turbine blades. As one of the advanced materials programs supported by MITI, cooperative works were undertaken to develop ODS superalloys superior to monocrystalline alloys. Mechanical properties of new ODS alloys developed in Japan were summarized to evaluate their potentials for turbine blade applications. The project tasks included isothermal forging and diffusion bonding studies for blade fabrication.
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Bodkhe, Vishal Digambar. "Design and Development of Vortex Blade less Wind Turbine". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (30.04.2018): 2460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12804.
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Wisatesajja, Wongsakorn, Wirachai Roynarin i Decha Intholo. "Comparing the Effect of Rotor Tilt Angle on Performance of Floating Offshore and Fixed Tower Wind Turbines". Journal of Sustainable Development 12, nr 5 (29.09.2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n5p84.
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The development of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) aims to improve the potential performance of the wind turbine. However, a problem arises due to the angle of tilt from the wind flow and the floating platform, which leads to a vertical misalignment of the turbine axis, thereby reducing the available blade area and lowering the capacity to capture energy. To address this problem, this paper seeks to compare the influence of the rotor tilt angle on wind turbine performance between fixed tower wind turbines and FOWTs. The models used in the experiments have R1235 airfoil blades of diameter 84 cm. The experiment was analyzed using a wind tunnel and mathematical modelling techniques. Measurements were obtained using an angle meter, anemometer and tachometer. Testing involved wind speeds ranging from 2 m/s to 5.5 m/s, and the rotational speeds of the two turbine designs were compared. The study found that the rotational speeds of the FOWTs were lower than those of the fixed tower turbines. Moreover, at tilt angles from 3.5° – 6.1° there was a loss in performance which varied between 22% and 32% at different wind speeds. The tilt angle had a significant effect upon FOWTs due to the angle of attack was continuously changing, thus altering the optimal position of the turbine blades. This changing angle of attack caused the effective area of the rotor blade to change, leading to a reduction in power output at suboptimal angles. The study finally makes recommendations for future studies.
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Sheard, A. G. "Blade by Blade Tip Clearance Measurement". International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/516128.
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This paper describes a capacitance-based tip clearance measurement system which engineers have used in the most demanding turbine test applications. The capacitance probe has survived extended use in a major European gas turbine manufacturer's high-temperature demonstrator unit, where it functioned reliably at a turbine entry temperature in excess of 1800 degrees Kelvin. This paper explores blade by blade tip clearance measurement techniques and examines probe performance under laboratory conditions in support of high-temperature installations. The paper outlines the blade by blade tip clearance measurement technique and describes the experimental facility used to study tip clearance measurement. The paper also fully describes the method used to calibrate the measurement system in order to ascertain measurement accuracy. The paper clarifies how the practical problems were overcome associated with making blade by blade tip clearance measurements in both compressor and turbine environments. Since its initial development, gas turbine development programmes have routinely used the clearance measurement system. The inherent robustness of the system has resulted in reliable in-service measurement of clearance in real world applications.
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Chudzik, Stanisław. "Model of a Wind Turbine with Variable Blade Angle". Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 25, nr 1 (31.03.2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14313/par_239/41.
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The article presents the results of research into the operation of a model of a wind micropower plant with a variable blade angle. The research was carried out on a miniature model of a measuring stand built for the purpose of carrying out work on pre-developed projects of wind micro power plants. The stand allows to carry out measurements related to the selection of the optimal propeller geometry, as well as the development and testing of algorithms for optimal control of the micropower plant. The physical basics of wind turbine operation and the methods of its optimal control are presented. The results of the performed measurements for the selected propeller blade geometry with the possibility of changing its setting angle are presented. A DC generator with a load with a non-linear characteristic in the form of a Li-Po battery cell was used. The results of operation of a simple MPPT control algorithm are presented. The lack of optimal control systems for the operation of micropower plants is dictated by the general belief that the costs of its production are high in relation to the possible improvement of the efficiency of micropower plants. Moreover, the practical methods of controlling larger wind turbines are not optimal for small and very small turbines. The conducted research focused on determining the possibility of using turbines with variable blade angles depending on its rotational speed. In larger wind farms, changing the blade angle is mainly used to limit the power of the turbine at high wind speeds. In micro wind power plants such solutions are not used for economic reasons. However, the use of a simple mechanism for changing the angle of the blades depending on the rotational speed of the propeller can increase the efficiency of the turbine in a wider range of wind speeds. The small dimensions of the research model allow for quick and cheap development of preliminary prototypes of turbine blades thanks to the possibility of using 3D printing technology.
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Norouztabar, Reza, Seyed Soheil Mousavi Ajarostaghi, Seyed Sina Mousavi, Payam Nejat, Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor i Mohamed Eldessouki. "On the Performance of a Modified Triple Stack Blade Savonius Wind Turbine as a Function of Geometrical Parameters". Sustainability 14, nr 16 (9.08.2022): 9816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169816.
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The Savonius wind turbine is one of the most well-known vertical axis wind turbines with insensitivity to wind direction, flow turbulence, and high torque generation. These turbines can extract up to 20% of the energy from the wind. This study numerically analyzes the performance of a modified Savonius wind turbine equipped with secondary blades and slots. The k-ε standard method is used to simulate the turbulence flow around the turbine, and the simulation is performed using the ANSYS FLUENT 18.2 commercial code. The effects of distance between the main blade and the secondary blade, position of the secondary blade, the width of the main blade’s slot, and the profile of the secondary blade on the produced torque are studied and analyzed. The simulation is performed at four wind velocities: 3, 4, 5, and 6 m/s. The results showed that the output torque at the secondary blade angular position β = 130 is higher than other angles. Furthermore, by increasing the radius of the additional blade from R = 25 to 43 mm, the torque is improved, and the area below the output torque curve is increased. Moreover, the results showed that creating a slot on the main blade equipped with a secondary blade has a significant impact on the produced torque; however, the geometrical parameters of the proposed rotors should be adjusted accurately to find the best case in terms of the produced torque.
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Lyatkher, V. M. "Orthogonal Turbine for Free Rivers and Channels". Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), nr 13-15 (26.06.2019): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2019.13-15.12-23.
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The paper discusses the problem of using the energy of rivers without creating the dams and flooding vast areas and notes that there is a progress in the implementation and development of the ideas of patent in 1931 (the speed of the workers turbine blades is higher than flow rate). The paper gives the diagrams of the new turbines of this type, for example a balanced 6-tier single-blade turbine, turbine-spiral, a balanced twoblades turbine. Moreover, the paper deals with the features free-threaded orthogonal turbines in the streams of the limited width and depth. The most important characteristic of a turbine is the turbine's power factor that is equal to the ratio of the energy of the rotating turbine to the kinetic energy of the flow in the current tube passing through the turbine circuit. There is a possibility of a significant increase in the power of the turbine in comparison with the conditions of use unlimited streams. The increase in turbine power in a straitened flow is associated with an increase in the flow velocity in the turbine on the approach to the rear section of the blades’ track. It is set the requirements of the turbine parameters for maximum power at a given water flow and the permissible level rise in the river. These requirements relate to the certain rules for selecting the number of blades (and solidity) of the turbine, taking into account the permissible increasing in the water level (backup) in front of the turbine. The paper notes the turbines instability at low speed of rotation, describes a turbine design modification that eliminates this drawback. Modification of the high-speed orthogonal turbines is the use of accelerating blades with a cup-shaped cross-section, placed on the route within a diameter 2 times smaller than the diameter of the main (working) blades of the smoothly streamlined profile. It is concluded that all considered variants of turbines for streams with limited cross-section, the design of the blade system may be made rigid, which eliminates the single central shaft (axle), replacing it with a reference semi-shafts.
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Harianto, Harianto. "STUDI SIMULASI CFD PENGARUH LEBAR CORD SUDU NACA A 0015 TERHADAP POWER FACTOR TURBIN DARIEUS". KURVATEK 4, nr 1 (25.06.2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33579/krvtk.v4i1.1136.
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AbstrakDiseluruh dunia khususnya di Indonesia saat sedang menghadapi permasalahan kebutuhan energi yaitu disebabkan oleh meningkatnya kebutuhan energi setiap tahunnya yang sejalan dengan perkembangan industri, jumlah penduduk dan aktifitas manusia, sementara cadangan sumber energi bahan bakar minyak semakin menipis. Pengembangan sumber energi alternatip saat ini adalah sumber energi terbarukan yang diantaranya meliputi Solar cell, Turbin energi panas bumu, Turbin energi bayu , dan Turbin energi air . Turbin air Darrieus sumbu vertikal merupakan salah satu turbin air yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dan cocok untuk diterapkan pada aliran air sungai di Indonesi.Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan pembuatan model simulasi turbin Darieus sumbu vertikal dengan profil sudu NACA A0015 yang tergolong sebagai turbin mikrohidro kecepatan aliran. Diameter rotor 20 cm, 3 buah sudu dengan panjang sudu 25 cm dan variasi lebar cord 6, 7 dan 8 cm serta posisi sudut kemiringan sudu tangensial rotor -5o , dioperasikan pada kecepatan aliran air 1.5 m/detik, yang dilakukan dengan simulasi 3d CFD FLUENT untuk mendapatkan besarnya coeffisien torsi poros turbin , selanjutnya dilakukan analisis besarnya factor daya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lebar cord 6 cm ( soliditas ) 0.2864 menghasilkan faktor daya tertinggi sebesar 0.0447 pada putaran poros 160 rpm dan kecepatan air masuk turbin 1.5 m/detik. Abstract Throughout the world, especially in Indonesia when facing problems of energy needs, that is caused by increasing energy needs each year which are in line with the development of industry, population and human activities, while reserves of energy sources of fuel oil are depleting. The development of alternative energy sources is currently a renewable energy source which includes solar cells, hot energy turbines, wind energy turbines and water energy turbines. The vertical axis Darrieus water turbine is one of the water turbines that has the potential to be developed and is suitable to be applied to river water flows in Indonesia.In this research, a vertical axis Darieus turbine simulation model has been made with NACA A0015 blade profile which is classified as a microhydro flow velocity turbine. Rotator diameter 20 cm, 3 blade with 25 cm blade length and variation of cord width 6, 7 and 8 cm and position of rotor tangential angle of rotor -5o, operated at water flow velocity of 1.5 m / sec, which is done with 3D CFD FLUENT simulation to get the coefficient of turbine shaft torque , an analysis of the magnitude of the power factor is then performed. The results of this study showed that the cord width of 6 cm (solidity 0.2864) resulted in the highest power factor of 0.0447 at shaft rotation of 160 rpm and the speed of turbine intake water 1.5 m / sec. Keywords : Daarieus Turbine, NACA blade profile, Power coefficient. Cord width
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Li, Yan, Shaolong Wang, Ce Sun, Xian Yi, Wenfeng Guo, Zhihong Zhou i Fang Feng. "Icing distribution of rotating blade of horizontal axis wind turbine based on Quasi-3D numerical simulation". Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 2 (2018): 681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170821053l.
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For researching on the rules of icing distribution on rotating blade of horizontal axis wind turbine, a Quasi-3-D method is proposed to research on icing on rotating blades of horizontal axis wind turbine by numerical simulation. A 2-D and 3-D method of evaluating the irregular shape of ice has been established. The model of rotating blade from a 1.5 MW horizontal axis wind turbine is used to simulate the process and shape of icing on blade. The simulation is carried out under the conditions with four important parameters including ambient temperature, liquid water content, medium volume drop diameter, and icing time. The results reveal that icing mainly happens on 50% ~ 70% of the blade surface along wingspan from tip to root of blade. There are two kinds of icing shapes including horn shape icing and streamline shape icing. The study can provide theoretical basis and numerical reference to development of anti and deicing strategy for wind turbine blades.
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Li, Wenyan, Yuxuan Xiong, Guoliang Su, Zuyang Ye, Guowu Wang i Zhao Chen. "The Aerodynamic Performance of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines under Rotation Condition". Sustainability 15, nr 16 (18.08.2023): 12553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612553.
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The near-surface unsteady incoming flow in the atmospheric boundary layer has a great influence on the aerodynamic performance of horizontal axis wind turbines. To consider the effect of the rotation of the blade on the aerodynamic state of a wind turbine near the ground, the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method based on the shear stress transfer (SST) turbulence model is applied to analyze the unsteady aerodynamic interaction characteristics including solving the velocity field, pressure field, structural response state, variation of deformation, and output power in the flow field of the wind turbine. The deformation fluctuation points of different blades in the upwind and downwind regions were observed to move towards the blade tips with increasing rotational speed. The variations of flow velocity and pressure that occur along the radial direction of the wind turbine are observed. The velocity increases from the root to the tip of the blade. The tower shadow effect causes the blade deformation in the upper and lower wind areas to fluctuate. It is more obvious when the blade overlaps with the tower; the overall displacement under the effect of rotation has a large increase compared with the shutdown. The peak increments reach 2.1437 mm to 0.8674 mm; under the effect of inter-action wind speed increased, wind turbine output power increased from 68.33 kW to 84.33 kW, respectively. It helps to better understand the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines, prolong the service life, and optimize the design.
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Yu, Wanshui, Qingmin Li, Jiyao Zhao i Wah Hoon Siew. "Numerical Simulation of the Lightning Leader Development and Upward Leader Initiation for Rotating Wind Turbine". Machines 10, nr 2 (4.02.2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10020115.
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Lightning accidents seriously threaten safe operation of wind turbines because the influence mechanisms of wind turbine rotation on corona and upward leader initiation are, so far, not clear. A three-dimensional stochastic evolution model of the lightning downward leader was established by combining the dielectric breakdown model and the lightning current shunt method, according to which the charge density distribution of leader branches was determined. The corona and leader initiation mechanisms of rotating wind turbine were studied based on the 3D drift and diffusion model of ion flow in the neighboring space of a rotating wind turbine. The results show that due to blade rotation, the charged particles are unevenly distributed near the blade tip and the contours are in a strip-like shape. As the rotating speed increases, the blade tip is more susceptible to initiating corona discharge. Combining the three-dimensional stochastic development model of the lightning downward leader and ion distribution model near a rotating wind turbine, the initiation direction of the upward leader was analyzed, and in 66% of cases, the initiation direction of the upward leader on the blade tip was on the back side of the blade rotation.
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Gupta, Abhineet, Mario A. Rotea, Mayank Chetan, Mohammad S. Sakib i D. Todd Griffith. "A Methodology for Robust Load Reduction in Wind Turbine Blades Using Flow Control Devices". Energies 14, nr 12 (12.06.2021): 3500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123500.
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Decades of wind turbine research, development and installation have demonstrated reductions in levelized cost of energy (LCOE) resulting from turbines with larger rotor diameters and increased hub heights. Further reductions in LCOE by up-scaling turbine size can be challenged by practical limitations such as the square-cube law: where the power scales with the square of the blade length and the added mass scales with the volume (the cube). Active blade load control can disrupt this trend, allowing longer blades with less mass. This paper presents the details of the development of a robust load control system to reduce blade fatigue loads. The control system, which we coined sectional lift control or SLC, uses a lift actuator model to emulate an active flow control device. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) Methodology for SLC design to reduce dynamic blade root moments in a neighborhood of the rotor angular frequency (1P). (2) Analysis and numerical evidence supporting the use of a single robust SLC for all wind speeds, without the need for scheduling on wind speed or readily available measurements such as collective pitch or generator angular speed. (3) Intuition and numerical evidence to demonstrate that the SLC and the turbine controller do not interact. (4) Evaluation of the SLC using a full suite of fatigue and turbine performance metrics.
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Alhrshy, L., i C. Jauch. "A Resource-Efficient Design for a Flexible Hydraulic-Pneumatic Flywheel in Wind Turbine Blades". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2265, nr 3 (1.05.2022): 032018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032018.
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Abstract The utilization of renewable energy resources significantly increases in order to reduce the impact of climate change. Wind turbines are one of the most important renewable energy sources and have an important role to play in power generation. They do, however, have to serve the increasingly variable demands of the grid. Some of these demands cannot be satisfied with the standard control mechanisms of state-of-the-art wind turbines. A hydraulic-pneumatic flywheel in a wind turbine rotor is one mechanism which, in addition to its various grid services, can also reduce the mechanical loads on the structure of a wind turbine. However, the installation of such a flywheel into rotor blades increases the weight of the blades. This paper focusses on the development of a design method for reducing the additional mass of the flywheel. This method incorporates the piston accumulators of the flywheel in the blade support structure, which allows for the replacement of parts of the blade spar caps with composite material from the piston accumulators. This enables the flywheel to be installed into the rotor blades without making the wind turbine significantly heavier.
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Afjeh, Abdollah A., Brett Andersen, Jin Woo Lee, Mahdi Norouzi i Efstratios Nikolaidis. "Advanced Concept Offshore Wind Turbine Development". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 18, nr 5 (20.09.2014): 728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2014.p0728.
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Development of novel offshore wind turbine designs and technologies are necessary to reduce the cost of offshore wind energy since offshore wind turbines need to withstand ice and waves in addition to wind, a markedly different environment from their onshore counterparts. This paper focuses on major design challenges of offshore wind turbines and offers an advanced concept wind turbine that can significantly reduce the cost of offshore wind energy as an alternative to the current popular designs. The design consists of a two-blade, downwind rotor configuration fitted to a fixed bottom or floating foundation. Preliminary results indicate that cost savings of nearly 25% are possible compared with the conventional upwind wind turbine designs.
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Subbarao, Rayapati, i Nityanando Mahato. "Simulation studies on the comparison of different superalloys used in gas turbine blades". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1248, nr 1 (1.07.2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1248/1/012034.
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Abstract Impingement of gases at high temperature and pressure leads to the development of stresses and deformation in gas turbine blades. Other important characteristics are also getting changed, prompting more problems in gas turbine engines, as they are used in both power generation and transportation. In this work, failure aspects in blades is studied by performing structural analysis, considering superalloys that are used in the industry. Software packages like Solidworks and Ansys are used for modelling, meshing and solving, in order to identify the target variables like total deformation, von Mises stress, strain energy and fatigue. Geomtery of the turbine blade is modelled and after meshing, boundary conditions like pressure, force and rotational speed are enforced. Results are analysed after carrying out the static structural analysis in Ansys work bench. For the superalloy materials chosen, contours and plots are made for all the configurations. Validation of deformation from the present work is done with experiments done earlier, which is in good agreement. Total deformation is more at the tip of the blade. At the root of the blade, the stresses are found to be more. Presence of strain energy is more near the root. Fatigue life contours showed similarity in all the cases. The blade failure region is identified for all the materials under consideration and the trends are compared for different input temperatures. Thus the current work is helpful in recognizing appropriate superalloy to be used in the present day gas turbines and supports the use of GTD 111 as gas turbine blade material.
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Zhang, L., GZ Tang, ZB Liao i HC Shang. "Development and experimental research on circumferential impulse microturbine power generation system". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, nr 2 (4.04.2013): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213484874.
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Circumferential impulse microturbine is a key component of the micro-electro-mechanical system and provides power to the latter. An innovative concept of microturbine power generation system was presented, and prototype improved circumferential impulse microturbine power generation systems were developed, and their output performances were tested. It is validated that the system can operate at a high speed in a dynamic equilibrium state using rolling bearings, and it is found that the output power and rotational speed of a six-blade turbine hollow-cup coil structure is higher than the output power and rotational speed of a six-blade turbine iron-core coil structure. The maximum output power of the eight-blade turbine hollow-cup coil power generation system is 1.1 W, and the maximum turbine rotational speed is 55,000 r/min. The maximum output power of the eight-blade turbine hollow-cup coil system increases up to 25% when compared to the six-blade turbine hollow-cup coil system and increases up to 83% when compared to the six-blade turbine iron-core coil system.
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Vasilyev, Boris, Sergei Nikolaev, Mikhail Raevskiy, Sergei Belov i Ighor Uzhinsky. "Residual Life Prediction of Gas-Engine Turbine Blades Based on Damage Surrogate-Assisted Modeling". Applied Sciences 10, nr 23 (29.11.2020): 8541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238541.
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Blade damage accounts for a substantial part of all failure events occurring at gas-turbine-engine power plants. Current operation and maintenance (O&M) practices typically use preventive maintenance approaches with fixed intervals, which involve high costs for repair and replacement activities, and substantial revenue losses. The recent development and evolution of condition-monitoring techniques and the fact that an increasing number of turbines in operation are equipped with online monitoring systems offer the decision maker a large amount of information on the blades’ structural health. So, predictive maintenance becomes feasible. It has the potential to predict the blades’ remaining life in order to support O&M decisions for avoiding major failure events. This paper presents a surrogate model and methodology for estimating the remaining life of a turbine blade. The model can be used within a predictive maintenance decision framework to optimize maintenance planning for the blades’ lifetime.
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Liska, Jindrich, Jan Jakl i Vojtech Vasicek. "Rotating blades monitoring using standard turbine instrumentation". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, nr 23-24 (13.11.2019): 7447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219889084.
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Ensuring the reliability of the steam turbine is fundamental task for its proper operation. Early detection of any failure avoids material and financial losses. A very important task in turbomachinery diagnostics is monitoring of rotating blades vibration, especially in terms of the last stages of low-pressure turbine parts, where, in general, the vibration can reach the important level due the blades length. The commonly used methods are based on stress evaluation using strain gauges or on the non-contact measurement of blade tips – blade tip-timing (BTT) method. Rising demand for low-cost monitoring systems suitable for blade monitoring has led to development of a new approach based on signal processing of standard turbine instrumentation. The symptoms of blade vibration could be also visible in signals from relative shaft vibration (SV) sensors, which are standardly installed in turbine journal bearings. This paper illustrates the principles and possibilities of the approach based on processing of SV signals for monitoring of actual state of rotating blades. Finally, the comparison of parallel measurements using SV and BTT in operation of steam turbine reveals the properties and advantages of both methods.
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Agarwala, Ranjeet, i Robert A. Chin. "Innovative Controller Design for a 5MW Wind Turbine Blade". Journal of Sustainable Development 11, nr 4 (29.07.2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n4p78.
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The development and evaluation of a nonlinear pitch controller for wind turbine blades and the design and modeling of an associated actuator and controller was examined. The pitch actuator and controller were modeled and analyzed using Pneumatically Actuated Muscles (PAMs) for actively pitching the wind turbine blade. PAMs are very light and have a high specific work and a good contraction ratio. Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controllers were envisaged for the wind turbine pitching system at the blade tip due to its routine usage in the wind turbine industry. Deployment of controllers enables effective pitch angle tracking for power abatement at various configurations. The controller was subjected to four pitch angle trajectory signals. PID controllers were tuned to achieve satisfactory performance when subjected to the test signal. Low pitch angle errors resulted in satisfactory blade pitch angle tracking. Deployment of these controllers enhances wind turbine performance and reliability. The data suggest that the pitch system and actuator that was modeled using PAMs and PID controllers is effective providing robust pitch angle trajectory tracking. The results suggest that the proposed design can be successfully integrated into the family of wind turbine blade pitch angle controller technologies.
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Ding, Shaohu, Chenchen Yang i Sen Zhang. "Acoustic-Signal-Based Damage Detection of Wind Turbine Blades—A Review". Sensors 23, nr 11 (23.05.2023): 4987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23114987.
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Monitoring and maintaining the health of wind turbine blades has long been one of the challenges facing the global wind energy industry. Detecting damage to a wind turbine blade is important for planning blade repair, avoiding aggravated blade damage, and extending the sustainability of blade operation. This paper firstly introduces the existing wind turbine blade detection methods and reviews the research progress and trends of monitoring of wind turbine composite blades based on acoustic signals. Compared with other blade damage detection technologies, acoustic emission (AE) signal detection technology has the advantage of time lead. It presents the potential to detect leaf damage by detecting the presence of cracks and growth failures and can also be used to determine the location of leaf damage sources. The detection technology based on the blade aerodynamic noise signal has the potential of blade damage detection, as well as the advantages of convenient sensor installation and real-time and remote signal acquisition. Therefore, this paper focuses on the review and analysis of wind power blade structural integrity detection and damage source location technology based on acoustic signals, as well as the automatic detection and classification method of wind power blade failure mechanisms combined with machine learning algorithm. In addition to providing a reference for understanding wind power health detection methods based on AE signals and aerodynamic noise signals, this paper also points out the development trend and prospects of blade damage detection technology. It has important reference value for the practical application of non-destructive, remote, and real-time monitoring of wind power blades.
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Muis, Abdul, Priyono Sutikno, Aryadi Suwono i Firman Hartono. "Comparative Study on Performance of Very Low Head Axial Hydraulic Turbine Using a Single Rotor and a Contra-Rotating Rotor". Applied Mechanics and Materials 758 (kwiecień 2015): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.758.165.
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Studies conducted on axial flow hydraulic turbine by comparing the performance of turbines which use a single rotor and two rotors that rotate in opposite (contra-rotating). Both turbines are designed to generate energy utilizing a very low head water flow. Single rotor turbine consists of one row of guide vane and one row of rotor blade. Contra-rotating rotor turbine consists of one row of guide vane and two rows of rotor blade, which is the front rotor blade also serves as a guide vane for the rear rotor. Both of turbines are designed for the same flow and operating conditions. The results of numerical studies show that both of turbines can be applied with a fairly high efficiency, however the single rotor turbine is significantly higher. Especially for contra-rotating turbine, the total power that generated at the same operating conditions will increase because powers are resulted from both of rotors, but the effective head required will be significantly increase compare to the single-rotor turbine. These results may be used as a reference in the development of axial flow hydraulic turbine for very low head sites to expand the applications. Keywords: Single rotor, contra-rotating rotor, axial flow, very low head, hydraulic turbine.
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Panda, Anton, Lyudmila Rozhkova, Eduard Kuznetsov i Volodymyr Nahornyi. "Rotors of Vertical-Axial Wind Turbines Assembled in Bearings and Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Blade with Unclosed Wing Profile". Management Systems in Production Engineering 30, nr 4 (29.10.2022): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2022-0038.
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Abstract In world practice, traditional blades used in high-speed wind turbines, both horizontal-axial and vertical-axial, have a wing-shaped profile. However, for horizontal-axial wind turbines, blades with such a profile have a fairly narrow range of operating values of the angle of attack of the incoming air flow and a low value of the moment of pulling from place. As for vertical-axial wind turbines, the self-starting of the rotor with wing blades is completely absent and additional devices are needed to start the rotor into operation. In order to ensure the self-starting of the rotor and the operation of the wind turbine at high and low wind speeds, a new shape of the blade profile was developed, called non-closed wing profile. The concept of the development is that the blade should have a configuration in which the pulling force is involved at the beginning of the movement, and then, with the establishing of the movement, a lifting force would arise, which acquires a prevailing character in the operating mode. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the aerodynamic characteristics of the developed non-closed wing blades. One of the results obtained is to determine the effect of the thickness of the blade profile on the range of values of subcritical angles of attack of the incoming air flow and the differences between the nature and range of changes in the coefficients of lifting force and pulling force in a traditional wing blade and a blade with a non-closed wing profile. Studies of the rotor model of a vertical-axial wind turbine with non-closed wing blades have confirmed the presence of its self-starting and operability even at low wind speeds.
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Cai, Chang, Jicai Guo, Xiaowen Song, Yanfeng Zhang, Jianxin Wu, Shufeng Tang, Yan Jia, Zhitai Xing i Qing’an Li. "Review of Data-Driven Approaches for Wind Turbine Blade Icing Detection". Sustainability 15, nr 2 (13.01.2023): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021617.
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Onshore wind turbines are primarily installed in high-altitude areas with good wind energy resources. However, in winter, the blades are easy to ice, which will seriously impact their aerodynamic performance, as well as the power and service life of the wind turbine. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to predict wind turbine blade icing in advance and take measures to eliminate the adverse effects of icing. Along these lines, three approaches to supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data feature selection were summarized in this work. The problems of imbalance between positive and negative sample datasets, the underutilization of SCADA data time series information, the scarcity of high-quality labeled data, and weak model generalization capabilities faced by data-driven approaches in wind turbine blade icing detection, were reviewed. Finally, some future trends in data-driven approaches were discussed. Our work provides guidance for the use of technical means in the actual detection of wind turbine blades. In addition, it also gives some insights to the further research of fault diagnosis technology.