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Khanam, Shafeya, Maliha Rashid, Zebunnessa Parvin, Shahnaz Akter Jahan, Mirza Md Asaduzzaman, Samar Chandra Saha i Nahid Reaz. "Histological Variants of Ovarian Tumour in Bangladeshi Women". Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal 5, nr 1-2 (12.04.2017): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v5i1-2.53698.
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Objective: Types of ovarian tumour are widely divergent and no age group is immune from ovarian tumour; but certain ages are more vulnerable to develop certain types of tumours. By far, very few studies describing the histological types and subtypes of ovarian tumour in the context of Bangladeshi population have been conducted. The present study was intended to find the histological variants of ovarian tumours in our women.
Methods: The present study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital between July 2001 to June 2002. The total number of patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of ovarian tumour during the study period was 238, while the total number of gynaecological admissions was 3189. In the present study every alternate patients of ovarian tumour who consented to participate in the study were included as long as 110 cases were met. After admission, history and clinical presentation were recorded and every case was followed till discharge. Provisional diagnosis was made clinically and by ultrasound when 14 cases were excluded for they did not have ovarian tumour at all. The remaining 96 cases were operated and were confirmed by operative and histopathological findings.
Results: In the present study proportion of ovarian tumours was 6.52% of all gynecological admissions. The mean age of the patients was found to be 39.5 ± 6.3 years. The peak age incidence of benign ovarian tumors was found to lie between 21-50 years. Malignant ovarian tumors, however was found more commonly after the age of 50 years. After histopathological confirmation of the precise nature of the 96 ovarian tumors, it was found that benign tumour comprised 77% of the cases with malignant tumors occurring in the rest 23%. Among them tumours of epithelial origin formed 70.8% of all ovarian tumors, germ cell tumors 25% and sex-cord stromal tumours made up 4.2%. Among the epithelial tumors, serous tumors were most frequently seen (61.7%), followed by mucinous tumors (35.3%). The percentage of benign serous cystadenomas was 35.5%. The ratio between serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was almost 2:1. Germ cell tumour found in this study was of moderate frequency (25%). Among them 15.6% were mature teratoma (dermoid cyst) followed by 5.2% dysgerminoma. Endodermal sinus tumors were relatively low (3.1%) and there was a case of immature or malignant teratoma. Sex-cord-stromal tumours were of lowest frequency (4.2%) and classified as ovarian fibroma, granulosa-cell tumor and Krukenberg tumour.
Conclusion: The study concluded that benign tumour comprised three-quarters of all ovarian tumours with the rest being malignant. Tumours of epithelial origin forms the main bulk, germ cell tumors about one-quarter and sex-cord stromal and metastatic tumors the least. Among the epithelial tumors, serous tumors were most frequently seen, followed by mucinous tumors.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2015; 5 (1&2): 40-44
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M., Fathima Seles, M. Revathy i Madurai Padmanabhan Kanchana. "Steroid cell tumour of the ovary: a case report with review of literature". International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, nr 8 (26.07.2018): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183362.
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Virilising ovarian tumours account for less than 5% of all ovarian tumours. A steroid cell tumour (SCTs) of the ovary comes under the sex cord stromal tumours and accounts for only 0.1% of all ovarian tumours. Almost 75% are functioning tumors with production of androgenic hormones causing virilisation and cushingoid features. They are usually unilateral, benign with only 25-45% malignant cases. Here authors report the incidence of steroid cell tumour in our institution and discuss about a 37-year-old woman with steroid cell tumour, not otherwise specified who presented with oligomenorrhea followed by amenorrhea, secondary infertility and signs of virilisation.
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Patel, Nirali, Rupali Bavikar, Yesha Parimalbhai Lad, Madhuri Singh, Arpana Dharwadkar i Vidya Viswanathan. "A comparison of the WHO 2004 and WHO 2017 thyroid tumor classifications". Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 20, nr 1 (6.04.2023): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1797_22.
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Introduction: The category of borderline malignancy or unknown malignant potential was added to the WHO’s 2017 classification of thyroid tumours. A new histological variety of papillary tumours and Hurthle cell tumours was given as a separate entity. The classification has also adopted the Turin criteria for histological diagnosis of poorly differentiated cancer (PDC). Settings and Design: Descriptive study Methods and Material: From July 2018 to June 2022, 200 thyroid neoplasm patients at a tertiary care facility in western Maharashtra were participated in the prospective research over a period of 4 years. Statistical Analysis Used: The descriptive statistics were used to analyse the collected data. Aim: This study was undertaken to compare the old (2004) and new (2016) WHO classifications and their importance in the treatment of thyroid malignancies. Results: Out of 200 cases, the age range of 31 to 40 years had the greatest number of cases. The ratio of females to males was 5:1. In our study, according to the WHO 2004 classification, malignant tumours comprised 57.5% of the cases, while benign tumours 42.5% of the cases. When tumours were subcategorized, the most frequent benign tumour was follicular adenoma (43.5%) and malignant tumour was papillary thyroid carcinoma (37%). Malignant tumours made up 47.5% of the cases when the tumours were reclassified using the revised WHO 2017 classification, followed by borderline tumours with 27.5% of the cases and benign tumours with 25% of the cases. The most frequent borderline tumour was NIFTP (Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features) (17.5%), the most prevalent malignant tumour was papillary carcinoma (including its variant) (32%), and the most frequent benign tumour was follicular adenoma (27%). Conclusion: We concluded that the inclusion of the Boderline Category in the new WHO classification significantly improved thyroid cancer management. WHO 2017 classification prevents under diagnosis (in the case of benign tumors) and over diagnosis (in the case of malignant tumors).
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Shanmugasamy, K., Sneha Mahendran i S. Sowmya. "Extradigital glomus tumour of the forearm- A rare site for an unusual tumour". IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology 7, nr 1 (15.02.2022): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jdpo.2022.010.
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Soft tissue tumors are known to occur by varied presentations with atypical features, especially with regard to vascular tumors. The glomus tumour is an unusual benign neoplasm arising from smooth muscles of the perivascular glomus bodies. While it is known to occur in the extremities, this tumour has a predilection for the sub-ungal region of fingers. Vascular tumors as such, especially glomus tumors presenting in extra digital sites are extremely rare. In literature only five cases are available on extra digital sites and few cases have been reported to involve the gastrointestinal tract, airways, shoulders, wrist, knees and elbows. This report discusses the clinical and histopathological features of an glomus tumour of the forearm with atypical presentation. Glomus tumours should be considered as a differential in any nodule occurring in the extradigital locations. Extradigital tumours need not present as a painful purplish nodule and can be asymptomatic. Surgeons and pathologists have to be aware about the varied presentation of these tumours so that misdiagnosis can be avoided and patient can undergo quicker diagnosis and treatment.
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Munawar Ali Baloch, Ikramuddin Ujjan i Mehnaz Munawar. "Demography and Histopathological presentations of oral and maxillo-facial region tumours in Jamshoro, Pakistan." JMMC 9, nr 2 (18.07.2019): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.62118/jmmc.v9i2.89.
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Introduction: Oral and Pharyngeal cancers are the sixth most common cancer globally. In developing countries, the annual incidence of oral cancer is around 275,000 cases while 130,300 cases of pharyngeal cancers excluding naso-pharynx. Salivary glands tumors are rare accounting for less than 5 % of tumors of head and neck region. The annual incidence of these tumors is 0.05 to 2 cases per 100,000 populations. Majority (over two third quarters) of salivary gland tumors occurs in the parotid glands of which most of them (2/3rd) of them are benign in nature. While most common parotid gland’s benign tumor is Pleomorphic Adenoma.
Objective: To assess the morphology and histopathological features of oral and maxillo-facial region tumours among the patients in Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro, Sindh.
Methodology: A Cross-sectional study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro. Data was collected regarding socio-demographic features, anatomical location of tumours and relevant history of patients admitted at surgical, medical and ENT units of Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro from January 2016 to January 2018. Histopathological diagnostic record was collected from Research and Diagnostic Laboratory of Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro.
Results: A total of 160 biopsies were collected from surgical, medical and ENT units of Liaquat University Hospital with maximum (43%) of biopsies were from ENT unit. Most (51%) tumours were benign and 37% were malignant in nature. These tumours of oral and maxillo-facial region were mostly (38%) located in parotid region. Histopathological findings of this study revealed that majority (51%) tumours were Pleomorphic adenoma while (20%) of malignant tumours were Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma.
Conclusion: Based on findings of the study, we conclude that the most common anatomical location of oral and faciomaxillary tumours, in either gender, is parotid region. The majority of oral and faciomaxillary tumours were benign; frequently occurring benign tumour was pleomorphic adenoma while most frequent malignant tumour was Muco-epidermoid Carcinoma.
Key Words: Faciomaxillary tumours, Salivary glands, Pleomorphic adenoma.
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Shrivastava, Vaidik, Ashwini Tangde, Anil Joshi i Rajan Bindu. "Clinicopathological study of skin tumours". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, nr 5 (26.04.2019): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191664.
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Background: Skin cancers are relatively uncommon malignancies worldwide, but the incidence of skin cancers has progressively increased over the last few decades. The distinction between benign and malignant neoplasm are more difficult to define when they appear in skin than when found elsewhere and histopathological examination is frequently required to establish a definitive diagnosis. Diagnosis of any skin tumours can be done by correlating clinical features and histological features. The aim and objective were to study age-sex wise distribution, clinical presentation and histopathological spectrum of various skin tumours.Methods: This is a retrospective study of three years conducted in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Aurangabad, India from December 2015 to December 2018. Specimens received from Department of Dermatology were fixed in formalin and after adequately processing the sections were stained routinely with H and E stain and properly evaluated for histopathological examination. This study includes tumors of epidermis along with melanogenic tumors and skin appendageal tumors. The data collected was tabulated, analysed and compared to other similar studies.Results: The study consists of 130 cases. The ratio of male to female was 1.24:1. Head and neck region (48.46%) was the most common site observed where skin lesions were present followed by extremities (37.69%). Most of the malignant tumours were presented with non-healing ulcers (30.76%) and Noduloulcerative lesions (20.33%). Out of 130 cases, 83 (63.84%) were benign whereas 47 (36.15%) were malignant tumour. According to WHO classification, keratinocytic tumour 55 (42.30%) was the most common tumour type in the present study. Skin adnexal tumours and melanocytic tumours were observed in 54 (41.53%) and 21 (16.15%) respectively.Conclusions: The skin is a complex organ. Because of complexity of skin, a wide range of diseases can develop from the skin. The majority of benign neoplasms are from skin adnexal group whereas most common malignant neoplasm were from keratinocytic group. Skin adnexal tumors can occur anywhere in the body, however head and neck region constitute the most common site. Skin adnexal tumours are clinically often misdiagnosed, so histopathological examination remains gold standard for their correct diagnosis and for their differentiation between benign and malignant neoplasm.
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Begum, Shahnaz, Ferdousi Begum, Nasimul Gani, Farhana Rahman i Farhana Israt Jahan. "Relationship of Age and Different Histological Types of Ovarian Tumors". Bangladesh Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 32, nr 2 (19.07.2020): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v32i2.48281.
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Background: Ovarian tumours are common problem in gynaecology and have varied age of appearance of different histopathological types.
Objective: This study was undertaken to find out the relationship of age and different histological types of ovarian tumors Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Pathology, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, during May 2010 and December 2014. Five hundred forty seven (547) cases of ovarian tumours were studied in respect to their age and histopathological appearance.
Results: The range of age of patients with ovarian tumour was 11 – 82 years. About 63% malignant and 73% benign ovarian tumours were found in the age group of 20 – 49 yrs. About 31% malignant ovarian tumours and 15% Benign tumours occurred in menopausal woman (≤50 yrs.). Overall, mean age of presentation of ovarian tumours was 34.29± 12.84 yrs. Mean age of patients with malignant ovarian tumour was 40.29± 14.28 (median 40 yrs; mode 45 yrs.). Mean age of benign ovarian tumour was 34.69 ± 13.08 (median 34 yrs; mode 40yrs) and mean age for borderline tumours 32.75 ± 11.70 mm (median 33 yrs., mode 20 yrs.). Mean age of non tumour ovarian masses / cysts was 31.14± 10.76 yrs (median 29.5; mode 25.4). The difference of mean age of occurance of malignant and benign ovarian tumours were statistically significant P<0.00>. Dysgerminoma (mean age 23.5± 4.43) and yolk sac tumour (mean age 18 .00 ± 5.00 yrs) occurred in younger patients. Serous cyst adenocarcinoma, endometriod carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma occurred around 45 years of age. Mean age of presentation of most of the benign ovarian tumours was between 30 – 37 yrs.; except thecoma which occurred in extremes of age.
Conclusion: Most of the patients with malignant and benign ovarian tumours have presented in reproductive age adult women (20 – 49 yrs.); and some specific varieties of tumour (e.g. thecoma) presented in the extremes of age.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 99-105
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Singh, Rohit Kumar, Satyendra K. Tiwary i Puneet . "Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: Review". Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 7, nr 1 (29.01.2022): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/gijhsr.20220102.
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are one of the most common mesenchymal tumors affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GIST has undergone outstanding development in how they are presented, classified, assessed, diagnosed and treated over the last decade. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) account for nearly less than 3% of all malignant GI tumours. The clinical presentation can differ depending on its location, tumour size and aggressiveness of the tumour. In this comprehensive review, we talk regarding the epidemiology, clinical features and diagnostic modalities for GIST. We also discuss our view regarding the treatment options for early stage, locally advanced and metastatic GIST. Indications for neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy along with time of therapy are also explained. A concise discussion of most recent biomarkers is also provided. Keywords: GIST, Leiomyoma, Leiomyosarcoma, Leiomyoblastoma, Stromal tumours, Mesenchymal neoplasm.
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Petrányi, Ágota, i György Bodoky. "Drugs for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours". Orvosi Hetilap 152, nr 10 (marzec 2011): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2011.29060.
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Neuroendocrine tumours are heterogeneous and rare malignancies arising from endocrine cells located in various anatomical locations. Neuroendocrine tumours can be functional and may produce a wide variety of mediators, however, the majority of neuroendocrine tumours do not produce biologically active hormones (non-functioning tumours). On the basis of their pathological and biological characteristics they can be well differentiated as low malignant and poorly differentiated highly malignant tumours. In the case of the advanced low malignant tumours the application of somatostatin analogues not only may control symptoms but they also have direct anti-tumour effect. The use of higher doses of somatostatin analogues or new subtype selective agonists, and chimeric or pan-somatostatin analogues will probably improve the clinical management of the patients who fail to respond to standard somatostatin analogue treatment. Data show that somatostatin analogues and interferon have a synergistic effect. The currently used chemotherapy in progressive neuroendocrine tumors is mainly devoted to poorly differentiated tumours, but also to well differentiated carcinomas which are either not eligible or resistant to other therapies. However, the new anti-tumoural agents, could eventually replace these old recipes in the near future. Clinical trials show that telozomide with capecitabine result in more favorable toxic profile and higher and longer response rate in the case of well-differentiated tumours. Targeted therapy became a new possibility in neuroendocrine tumours too. The monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, which affects the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, has beneficial effects both in monotherapies and in combination with somatostatin analogues or with oxaliplatine and capecitabine. Recently, the low molecular multikinase inhibitor, sunitinib has demonstrated efficacy in pancreas neuroendocrine tumors, which was proven in a phase 3 trial. The mammalian target of the rapamycin inhibitor everolimus, currently investigated in phase 3 trials, was also efficient in the same subtype. Further trials are needed to determine that in the case of other types of neuroendocrine tumours which targeted therapy could be efficient. Radioisotope-labeled peptide receptor therapy with 131I-MIBG, 90Y-DOTA-TOC or 177Lu-DOTA-TOC may offer a highly effective option for patients with progressive and advanced stage of neuroendocrine tumours. The purpose of this review is to review and analyze data available regarding contemporary chemotherapeutic management of neuroendocrine tumours in order to determine which therapy should be applied in the therapeutic arsenal. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 379–391.
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Alnaami, Ibrahim, Ping Ho, Jian-Qiang Lu i Blaise Wheatley. "Case Report: Meningioma with Intra-tumoural Haemorrhage Secondary to Ruptured Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm". Open Neuroimaging Journal 7, nr 1 (18.10.2013): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874440001307010032.
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Background: Brain tumours that are associated with cerebral aneurysms are rare occurrences, whereas the coexistence of brain tumours and intra-tumoural aneurysms is even rarer. There have been 12 brain tumour cases that have been reported in the literature that describe an aneurysm within a brain tumour, with 4 of these tumours being meningiomas. Case description: A 34-year-old male patient presented with sudden-onset headache, and an inter-hemispheric meningioma with intra-tumoural bleeding was found due to a ruptured embedded anterior cerebral artery aneurysm. The aneurysm was diagnosed incidentally on the third cerebral angiogram, while the initial 2 angiograms were negative. The patient was treated with endovascular aneurysm embolisation that was followed by tumour resection. Conclusion: This paper is the first case report to describe the coexistence of a meningioma and an aneurysm, which presented with intra-tumoural haemorrhage that was negative on the initial cerebral angiogram. Unlike previous case reports, the aneurysm in this case was located with an anterior cerebral artery distribution.
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Islam, Md Amirul, M. Ahmed Hossain, Sabrina Binte Rahman, Md Ali Kawser i Md Shamsur Rahman. "Maxillofacial tumors and tumor-like lesions : a retrospective analysis". Update Dental College Journal 8, nr 1 (27.09.2018): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v8i1.38408.
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Background: This paper reviews the types, prevalence and demographic distribution of maxillofacial tumors, cysts and tumor-like lesions in a Bangladeshiteaching Hospital.An observational descriptive study (January’ 2014 to December’ 2016) was performed at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery depart- ment, Dental Unit,TMSS Medical College and Hospital. This study presents 55 cases of maxillofacial tumour & tumour like lesions collected over 3 years at a tertiary oral care centre in Bogra, Bangla- desh.Objectives:To find out the distribution & pattern of maxillofacial tumours and to find out the age, sex, site, clinical presentation and thehistological types of these tumors Method: A cross sectional descriptive study where the Histopathological types of the maxillofacial tumours were analyzed to indicate the numbers that occurred and also the pattern of occurrence according to age, gender, site and clinical presentation.Result: There were 55 maxillofacial tumour & tumour like lesions of which 44 (80.01%) were Benign tumours & 11 (19.81%) were malignant tumours. Among Eighteen histo- pathologic types were found of which Squamous cell carcinoma (18.18%), Ameloblastoma (16.36%), Odontogenic keratocystic tumour (10.90%), Dentigerous cyst (7.27%)& Radicular cyst (7.27%) were predominant. The male to female ratio was 1.29:1. Patients were between 10 years and 72 years with most patients (27.27%) in 51 to 60 years of life. Case presented with symptoms such as swelling (41.96%), pain (28.82%) and loosetooth (17.12%).Conclusion: Both malignant and benign tumours are seen. In the present study, SCC and ameloblastoma were the commonest malignant and benign odontogenic tumours seen respectively; the two representing more than 34.54% of all tumors.Tumour & tumour like lesions of the oral & maxillofacial region with late presentation still remains the main challenging factor in the early detection & management. Surgery was the main modality used for treat- ment while some patients had no treatment due to self discharge and late presentation.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2018; 8 (1): 22-28
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Vjestica, Jelena, Jasmina Markovic-Lipkovski, Cane Tulic, Milan Djokic, Bojan Cegar, Sanja Cirovic, Martina Stojanovic i Aleksandar Vuksanovic. "Pax-2 antigene expression in kidney tumours". Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 58, nr 4 (2011): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1104015v.
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Pax-2 transcriptional factor is expressed during kidney development and could re-express in renal tumors. The aim of this study was to examine Pax-2 expression in different types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in order to see whether it is good immunohistochemical marker. Method: We analyzed 48 different renal tumours stained with Pax-2 antibody. Pax-2 positive reaction was noticed in nucleus or cytoplasm. Expression of this antigen in tumours tissue was correlated with tumour stage and nuclear grade. Pax-2 expression between different histological RCC types was analyzed by X2 test and Fishers test for two in depended samples. Results: Pax-2 is expressed by a high percentage of renal tumors regardless of histologic type. Significant difference of Pax-2 expression between oncocytomas and chromofobe RCC was found. Conclusion: Nuclear expression of Pax-2 is useful diagnostic kidney tumour marker. Pax-2 showed stronger expression in lower malignancy kidney tumours and in oncocytomas, than in high grade RCC like in those with sarcomatoid differentiation.
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Babu N., Sathish, Naveen H. Mahadev i Kumar G. V. "A clinical study of the incidence of salivary gland tumors in a tertiary care teaching hospital". International Surgery Journal 6, nr 6 (28.05.2019): 2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20192376.
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Background: The salivary gland system of the upper aero digestive tract plays a critical role in the functions of digestion, respiration, communication, and overall homeostasis. The Salivary gland swellings can be broadly classified into inflammatory, non-inflammatory and neoplastic swellings like calculi, benign tumours such has pleomorphic adenoma, oncocytoma, Warthin's tumour, malignant tumors which include-adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of general surgery, Sri Siddhartha Medical College over a period of 2 years from August 2016 to July 2018. All major salivary gland neoplastic swellings confirmed by FNAC were included in this study.Results: In our study 23 patients had major salivary gland tumours out of that 19 patients had parotid and 4 had submandibular major salivary gland tumour. In our study out 23 cases of salivary tumours 19 cases were benign and 4 cases were malignant, out of 19 cases of parotid tumours, 15 (78.94%) cases were seen in superficial lobe and 4 (21.06%) were in deep lobe, out of 23 salivary gland tumours, 19 (82.6%) cases were pleomorphic adenoma 3(13.05%) cases were mucoepidermoid carcinoma and one case (4.35%) was acinic cell carcinoma.Conclusions: Parotid gland was the most common site of origin of both benign and malignant tumours, Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign salivary gland tumour and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most frequent malignant neoplasm.
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Kandemirli, S. G., A. Reddy, P. Hitchon, J. Saini i G. Bathla. "Intramedullary tumours and tumour mimics". Clinical Radiology 75, nr 11 (listopad 2020): 876.e17–876.e32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2020.05.010.
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Sanika S Kuntan, Venkatsai A Sidgiddi i Shreya S Jaganur. "Brain Tumour Detection and Classification Using Deep Learning". International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 2, nr 06 (20.06.2024): 1762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0242.
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Now a day’s tumor is second leading cause of cancer. Currently Doctors locate the positions and area of a brain tumor by looking at the MRI of the brain manually. This project helps to reduce the inaccuracy and time consumption in detection, and it also provides information about brain. This study presents Convolution neural network architecture for brain tumour detection and classification using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as datsets. The performance of the model is to predict whether the given image is tumours or non tumours and classify the tumour image and using use classification to classify brain tumors into three categories: glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumors and implemented in an Android application.
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Rahat, Noshaba, i Humera Shahzad. "Frequency of Immunohistochemical Marker GPC-3 Expression in Malignant Tumors". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, nr 6 (6.07.2023): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176202.
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Objective: To determine the frequency of immunohistochemical marker GPC-3 expression in malignant tumours in a tertiary care hospital. Material & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at the department of Histopathology, Dr. Ziauddin Medical University and Hospital, north campus, Karachi, a total of 114 cases of malignant tumours were enrolled using consecutive sampling technique in a period of six months from 1st April, 2012 to 30th September, 2012. Patients of both genders and all age groups of histologically diagnosed case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastatic tumours, germ cell tumours (GCT) and squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) were all included in the study. The patients with benign tumours, malignant lymphoma, brain tumours, breast tumours, colon carcinoma and malignant melanoma were excluded from the study. The study outcome was determined as frequency of positive GPC-3 expression. Results: A total of 114 cases were enrolled. Average age was 48.8 years with majority of cases (70.4%) were 40 years or above age. Male gender was slight dominance (53.5%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (78.9%) followed by, germ cell tumours (10.5%) including (6.1%) yolk sac tumour and 4.3% Germinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma was found in (6.1%) study cases. Most of the cases (45.6%) were moderately differentiated (SCC and HCC),followed by poorly (42.1%) and well differentiated (12.3%) grading. The frequency of positive GPC-3 expression was 25.4% in all malignant tumour in the current study. It is diagnostic and accuracy is more than other markers for definitive diagnosis and tp differenciate between primary and metastatic tumors. Conclusion: In conclusion out of 114 cases 25.4% of total cases show GCP-3 positively, among which GCT were 24.1% and HCC were 85.7% which is quite similar to other reported studies. Type of the tumour was found to be significantly associated with the age group above 40 years (P=0.000). There is significant association between type of tumour and GCP-3 expression (P=0.000). Keywords: Malignant Tumours, SCC, HCC GCT, GPC, GPC-3 expression
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Ireland, Demelza, Haydn Kissick, Shruti Krishnan, Mutsa Madondo i Manfred Beilharz. "Tumour eradication and induction of memory against murine mesothelioma by combined immunotherapy (53.22)". Journal of Immunology 188, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2012): 53.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.53.22.
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Abstract Numerous immunotherapy treatments for cancer are undergoing clinical trials or are already approved for use. One particular area of interest is targeting mechanisms of immune tolerance. Using a murine model of mesothelioma, we investigated the roles of regulatory T-cells (Tregs), intra-tumoural transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and the immunosuppressive cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated (CTLA)-4 molecule in immune tolerance to tumours. It was found that treatments targeting a single immunosuppressive mechanism were not as effective against tumours as targeting multiple mechanisms simultaneously. Combined Treg depletion and intra-tumoural TGF-β neutralisation resulted in the generation of an anti-tumour response however; this treatment regime was limited by the eventual return of the Tregs around 7-10 days following depletion. In this study we report that combining CTLA-4 blockade with our previously published combined Treg depletion/TGF-β neutralisation regime not only permanently cleared established tumours in ~50% of treated mice. Most importantly, it was found that a combined triple treatment of anti-CD25 mAb, anti-CTLA-4 mAb and TGF-β soluble receptor resulted in prolonged depletion of Tregs, long term clearance of tumours and memory against tumour rechallenge. These data suggest that clinical application of immunotherapies against tumours may be improved by targeting multiple immune suppression mechanisms simultaneously.
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Galati, Melissa, Li Li, Sumedha Sudhaman, Tatiana Lipman, Lucie Stengs, Dana Elshaer, Taylor Bridge i in. "MODL-25. REPLICATION REPAIR DEFICIENT MOUSE MODELS PROVIDE INSIGHT ON HYPERMUTANT BRAIN TUMOURS, MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE EVASION, AND COMBINATORIAL IMMUNOTHERAPY". Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (1.12.2020): iii416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.598.
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Abstract Replication repair deficiency (RRD) is the leading cause of hypermutant brain tumours in children. RRD is caused by defects in one of four mismatch repair (MMR) genes and mutations in POLE or POLD1. Such tumours are resistant to common therapeutic agents and animal models are needed to study RRD in vivo and test novel therapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). To model RRD brain tumours specifically, we engineered a Pole mutant mouse model harbouring the S459F mutation (PoleS459F). We combined PoleS459F mice with conditional Msh2 knockout (Msh2LoxP) and Nestin-cre mice. All Nestin-cre+Msh2LoxP/LoxPPoleS459F/+ mice rapidly succumbed to posterior fossa brain tumours between 8.6 and 12.4 weeks. Importantly, tumours exhibited hallmark “ultrahypermutation” (~350 mutations/Mb) and the corresponding signatures characteristic of human combined MMR and POLE-proofreading glioblastoma. Interestingly, Nestin-cre+Msh2LoxP/LoxPPoleS459F/S459F mice failed to establish normal cerebella, suggesting such mutational loads may not support normal brain development. Furthermore, OLIG2-cre+Msh2LoxP/LoxPPoleS459F/+ mice failed to develop tumors. Tumors transplanted into syngeneic vs immunocompromised animals egrafted well orthotopically in the mouse hindbrain but significantly less efficiently when engrafted subcutaneously. Furthermore, immunocompromised and subcutaneous tumors revealed striking differences in mutational burden and clonal architecture, suggestive of nonautonomous immunoediting. Finally, anti-PD1 was sufficient to treat subcutaneously engrafted tumors in immunocompetent animals. This first mouse model of immunocompetent, hypermutant brain tumors can be used to uncover unique characteristics of RRD tumour evolution and allow for immune based therapeutic preclinical testing. Experiments to assess combinational ICIs and other therapeutic interventions in orthotopically transplanted tumors will also be presented.
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Brodlie, M., S. C. Barwick, K. M. Wood, M. C. McKean i A. Welch. "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours of the respiratory tract: paediatric case series with varying clinical presentations". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, nr 8 (12.04.2011): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111000648.
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AbstractObjectives:To highlight the clinical importance of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours of the respiratory tract in children, and to present a case series of three children which illustrates this tumour's variable clinical presentation.Case history:The series includes: a nine-year-old girl with a diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, who presented with finger clubbing and was found to have an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour in her right upper lobe; a 15-year-old adolescent with a left main stem bronchial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, who presented with breathlessness and chest pain; and a 12-year-old girl with a tracheal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour who presented with stridor. In each case, the tumour was resected surgically.Conclusion:Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour are a rare but clinically important and pathologically distinct lesion of the respiratory tract in children. The cases in this series highlight some of the varied clinical presentations of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours, and illustrate some of this tumour's different anatomical locations within the paediatric respiratory tract.
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Nordlinger, B., B. Jeppsson, W. El-Khoury, L. Hannoun, P. Frileux, C. Huguet, M. Malafosse i R. Parc. "Tumours of Oddi: Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment". HPB Surgery 5, nr 2 (1.01.1992): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/54935.
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A retrospective review of 56 patients operated upon for tumours of Oddi was performed in order to determine optimal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Common presenting symptoms were jaundice (86%) and anemia (21%). Mean size of the tumour was 2.3 cm. Five tumours were benign and 51 were malignant. According to the classification of Martin, five were grade I: 10 grade II; 18 grade III; and 18 grade IV. Forty-seven patients underwent resection of the tumour: three local excisions for small benign tumors, six ampullectomies (followed in three by a Whipples’ procedure for recurrence) and 41 Whipples’ procedures. The hospital mortality was 5.3%, minor complications appeared in 21%. The overall five years survival was 41%. It was 75% in grade I, 50% in grade II, 40% in grade III and 10% in grade IV. The patients who received ampullectomies were alive with a follow-up of one, two and three years. All patients operated upon for a benign tumour were alive except one who died of cardiac failure. Ultrasonography and duodenoscopy are the most useful tests for the diagnosis of tumours of Oddi. Prognosis depends on the degree of infiltration of the duodenal wall and the presence of positive lymph nodes. Whipples’ procedure is best but ampullectomy can be used in elderly or poor risk patients. Malignant tumours of the ampullary region are infrequent and reported to constitute betwee 0.02 and five percent of all cancers of the digestive tract. With wider application of endoscopic techniques, there has been an increasing interest in this group of tumours during recent years. In the literature tumours of Oddi are usually reported in the group of periampullary tumours, including tumours of the ampulla itself, duodenal wall surrounding the ampulla, the distal part of the common bile duct and head of the pancreas. We have wanted to distinguish specifically the tumours of the ampulla of Vater and have adopted the term tumour of Oddi introduced by Marchal and Hureau.The sphincter of Oddi exactly delineates the junction between the bile duct, pancreatic duct and duodenum. We wanted to avoid using the anatomic term ampulla of Vater, since this structure rarely appears as an ampulla. This then excludes tumours in the head of pancreas, common bile duct above ths phincter of Oddi and tumours of the duodenal wall adjacent to the papilla. These tumours seem to behave differently from other pancreatic tumours, as they carry a different prognosis and need special attention. We have therefore reviewed retrospectively 56 patients with tumours of Oddi with special reference to diagnosis, histopathologic examination and surgical therapy.
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Paul, Sanchita, Abhijit Kalita i Neha Kaushik. "A Study of Nodular Skin Lesions with Special Reference to the Ethnic Population of Northeast India in a Tertiary Care Hospital". Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 9, nr 6 (9.07.2022): A109–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.3164.
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Background: Nodular skin lesions vary significantly in size and colour/pigmentation. Most of these clinically resemble soft tissue lesions. Histopathology plays key role in categorizing the lesions based on which course of treatment is planned. The present study aims to find out incidence and variation of skin nodules and correlate the clinico-pathological details with special reference to ethnic population of Northeast India.
Methods: The study is a retrospective and descriptive study conducted for a period of 2 years at a tertiary care centre. The clinical and demographic details were retrieved and H&E slides are studied for histomorphology.
Result: A total of 50 cases were studied out of which five cases were diagnosed as malignant tumours and 45 cases were diagnosed as benign tumours. Seventeen cases (34%) of tumours with follicular differentiation, eight cases (16%) of melanocytic tumours, nine cases (18%) of vascular and neural tumours, thirteen cases (26%) of tumours with apocrine and eccrine differentiation, two cases (4%) of epidermal tumors and one case (2%) of tumour with sebaceous differentiation were included under the present study. Tumors with follicular differentiation, the most commonly encountered tumor in the present study, were seen in the fourth to sixth decades of life and seen more commonly among women. A total of 18 (36%) cases belonged to ethnic tribal communities of North-east India, out of which seven were tumors of follicular differentiation, five were melanocytic tumours and six were tumors of eccrine differentiation.
Conclusion: H&E-stained sections stand as the most important tool for diagnosing and differentiating skin nodular lesions. A significant percentage (36%) of the lesions in the present study have been seen in the ethnic population of the Northeast region of India.
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Islam, Rashedul, Mostafa Kamal Arefin, Md Nazmul Islam, Md Abu Yusuf Fakir i Shaikh Nurul Fattah Rumi. "Clinicopathological Study of Salivary Gland Tumours". Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 28, nr 1 (20.07.2022): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v28i1.60833.
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Background: Salivary gland tumours are relatively uncommon and constitute 3% to 10% of all head & neck neoplasms. The majority of salivary gland tumours arise in the parotid gland.
Objectives: To search the clinicopathological presentation of salivary gland tumours.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study.
Results: The highest incidence of benign tumors was in the 3rd and 4th decade, whereas for malignant tumor it was the 5thdecade of life. Among 47 male patients, 72.3% had benign and 27.7% cases had malignant tumours. Out of 40 female patients 45% cases had benign and 55% cases had malignant tumours. With overall male: female ratio was 1.2:1. Among parotid gland tumours 62.32% had benign and 37.68% cases had malignant tumours. Out of 12 submandibular gland tumours 41.67% cases had benign and 58.33% cases had malignant tumours. Among 35 malignant tumours, 12 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, the majority occurred in the parotid gland 10(83.3%) followed by submandibular gland 1(8.3%) and minor salivary glands 1(8.3%). Out of 11 cases reported as Adenoid cystic carcinoma, the majority involved submandibular gland 6(54.5%) followed by parotid gland 4(36.4%).
Conclusion: Benign salivary gland tumours are more common than malignant ones. There is male preponderance in the incidence of salivary gland tumours. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequently encountered tumour among all salivary gland tumours.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 28(1): 96-102
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Chandra, Kanika, i Neetu Arora. "Clinicopathological analysis of ovarian tumors: a two year retrospective study". International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, nr 8 (26.07.2019): 3015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193163.
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Background: Ovarian tumours are a heterogeneous neoplasm with a varied clinical, morphological and histological feature. Increasing mortality rate due to ovarian cancers has been reported in recent years. Ovarian tumours in post-menopausal females have high risk of malignancy and it has a very poor outcome. The aim and objective of this study was to determine clinical and histopathological spectrum and the frequency and age distribution of various ovarian tumors.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study of patients with ovarian tumors in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, SGRRI of Medical Health & Sciences and Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 in a total number of 86 patients. All specimens were sent to pathology department and categorised according to WHO hispathological classification.Results: Out of 86 cases examined, 64 cases were benign (74.4%), 3 cases were borderline (3.4%) and 19 cases were malignant (22.2%). Majority of the ovarian tumors (73.4%) were seen in the age group of 20 to 50 years. Most commonly encountered benign ovarian tumour was serous cystadenoma (58.1%). Surface epithelial tumors were the commonest tumors (64%) followed by germ cell tumors (29%).Conclusions: A variety of benign and malignant tumours of ovary were reported in this study. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ovarian neoplasms favour the good prognosis. Most common benign tumour encountered in this study was serous cystadenoma.
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Ionescu, Sebastian, Mihai Mocanu, Andrei Bogdan, Diana Stanescu, Beatrice Bunea i Alexandra Dobrescu. "Renal tumours in children - Wilms tumour". Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Medical Sciences, nr 2(73) (listopad 2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52692/1857-0011.2022.2-73.04.
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Renal tumours represent between 4.4 and 6.3% of all malignant tumours of the children, which requires a thorough knowledge of the types of tumours that can appear at this age group with the purpose of diagnosing and adequately treating these pathologies.
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Yanagisawa, Takaaki, Takaya Honda, Masatada Yamaoka, Masaharu Akiyama, Kohei Fukuoka, Tomonari Suzuki, Junichi Adachi i in. "PEDT-02 DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND CLINICAL OUTCOME OF ATYPICAL BRAINSTEM TUMOUR IN CHILDHOOD". Neuro-Oncology Advances 1, Supplement_2 (grudzień 2019): ii16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdz039.071.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Brainstem tumours account for 10–15% of brain tumors in childhood. Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) accounts for 60–80% of them and are diagnosed based on clinical findings and radiologic features. All the rest of tumours excluding DIPG are very rare, heterogeneous group of tumours including low-grade glioma and malignant embryonal tumors. It is often difficult to diagnose and decide treatment strategy for their rarity. METHODS To present our experience with atypical brainstem tumours, a retrospective chart review was conducted to identify eligible cases treated over a ten-year period. All tumors involving brainstem, felt not to be DIPGs for absence of clinical/neuroimaging features were included. Demographic information, pathological findings, neuroimaging characteristics, surgical and nonsurgical management plans, and survival data were collected for analysis. RESULTS Between April 2007 and March 2017, 16 patients (14 initial and 2 recurrent) aged from 3 to 20 years were identified. 14 of them were symptomatic and 4 of them were asymptomatic at reference. Of 10 symptomatic cases, 10 were biopsied and pathological diagnosis was low-grade glioma in 8, glioblastoma in 2 cases. They had treatment depending on the pathological diagnosis. Of 4 asymptomatic cases, one with small focal tumour, with no findings suggesting malignant tumour with 11C-methioninePET or MRS, progressed to show typical clinical and image findings of DIPG in a year. For other three, they remain asymptomatic without progression with no treatment for 25months, 60months, and 65 months respectively. Malignant transformation was observed in one with biopsy-conformed oligoastrocytoma with no K27M-H3 mutations treated with chemotherapy and another with pilocytic astrocytoma treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Though molecular findings such as K27M-H3 mutations can predict clinical outcome in some cases, it still remains difficult to diagnose and find treatment strategy of atypical brainstem tumours. The need and usefulness of nationwide registry study is warranted.
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Reddy, Sama Snehaja, Pakam Dinusha, Viswanath Sai, V. Krishna Kumar i G. Mahender Reddy. "Histopathological study of neuroepithelial tumors of central nervous system". Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences 13, nr 1 (15.04.2023): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2023.025.
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Central nervous system tumours have diverse histomorphological appearances. Accurate characterization of space-occupying lesions by histology is important for appropriate treatment. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the histomorphological patterns of the neuroepithelial tumors of central nervous system in order to provide accurate pre-therapeutic neuro-anatomic data and to facilitate better therapeutic results after surgery.To study the spectrum of neuroepithelial tumors presenting as space occupying lesions in the central nervous system.This was a prospective study carried out in the department of Pathology at Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences over a two year period. Histopathological study of tissue specimens from neuroepithelial tumors from CNS was done. The tissue specimens were analysed for type of tumour, tumour grade and their distribution according to age, gender and topographic location. A total of 231 neoplastic space occupying lesions were studied of which neuro-epithelial tumours comprised 96 (41.5%) cases. The patient age for neruepithelial tumors ranged from 2 years to 78 years and the male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Astrocytomas were the most frequent (75%), followed by oligodendrogliomas (8.3%), oligoastrocytomas and ependymal tumours. Astrocytoma, grade IV was most common and affected the fifth decade more commonly. Astrocytomas commonly affect the frontal, temporal and parietal regions. Histopathological examination is mandatory for all space occupying lesions of CNS for correct categorization and grading of tumors. Astrocytomas are the most common of all neuroepithelial tumors. Grade IV astrocytomas most commonly affect men in fifth decade.
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Horn, D. L., J. Black, Sharon Stevenson i X. Q. Li. "Relationship between Metallic Implants and Cancer: A Case-Control Study in a Canine Population". Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 06, nr 02 (1993): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633022.
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SummaryTo assess the possible role of metallic implants in the development of local, systemic and remote site cancer, a case-controlled study was conducted in a canine population. The cases consisted of 222 dogs with tumours of any kind, preceded by a fracture and fixation between January 1979 and December 1990. The controls consisted of 1635 dogs who had fracture and fixation for fracture without a later development of tumour during the same time period, randomly selected from the same database. Age was found to be a strong positive predictor for the development of tumours. A significant protective effect on tumours other than bone and soft tissue tumour development was seen associated with internal fixation (P <0.05). There was not a significant increase of risk associated with metal materials for the development of bone and soft tissue tumours. Further study is needed to address the local effect of metallic implants on the development of bone and soft tissue tumours.A case-control study was conducted to assess the relationship of metallic implants and the development of cancer in a canine population. No significant positive association was found between metal materials and the development of bone and soft tissue tumours.
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M Abasiattai, Aniekan, Chukwuemeka C Nwafor i Ntiense M Utuk. "A 10-year clinicopathological analysis of ovarian lesions in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria". African Health Sciences 23, nr 1 (11.04.2023): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i1.48.
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Background: Ovarian tumours are the most lethal of all gynaecological cancers and they are usually diagnosed in advanced stages when the `prognosis is very poor.
Objective: To determine the pattern of ovarian lesions, their frequency, presentation, and associated clinical symptoms in Uyo, Nigeria.
Methods: A 10-year retrospective study of all ovarian specimens that were surgically removed and histologically diagnosed.
Results: The patients were between the ages of 5 and 73 years with median age of 34.1 years. Benign tumours occurred most commonly among the 20–39-year age group (31.3%) while malignant tumours were predominant among those aged 50-69 years (10.0%). Surface epithelial tumours (45.4%) were the most common neoplastic tumours while the mature cystic teratoma (33.2%) was the most common tumour overall. Surface epithelial malignancies accounted for 70.6% of all ovarian malignancies and the serous cyst adenocarcinoma (10.2%) was the most common surface epithelial tumour as well as the most common malignant tumour.
Conclusion: There has been an increase in the number of malignant ovarian specimens in our centre. Though surface epithelial tumours were the most common category of ovarian tumours, overall, the mature cystic teratoma was the most common tumour. Serous cyst adenocarcinoma was the most common surface epithelial tumour and the most common malignant tumour.
Keywords: Ovary tumours; ovarian malignancy; malignant tumours; benign tumours; histopathology Uyo.
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Heidenreich, Axel, Judd W. Moul, Shiv Srivastava i Udo H. Engelmann. "Synchronous Bilateral Testicular Tumour: Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumours and Contralateral Benign Tumours". Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 31, nr 4 (styczeń 1997): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365599709030626.
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Patel, Depak K., i Randall P. Morton. "Demographics of benign parotid tumours: Warthin’s tumour versus other benign salivary tumours". Acta Oto-Laryngologica 136, nr 1 (8.10.2015): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016489.2015.1081276.
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Pavlov, R. V., V. A. Aksionenko i S. A. Selkov. "Cytokines production by mononuclear cells, infiltrating the epithelium tumour of ovaries". Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 51, nr 1 (15.01.2002): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd90024.
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At auto serum presence one investigated IL1, IL2, IL4, IL6 and TNF6 production by mononuclear cells, infiltrating epithelium tumor of ovaries in 50 women of the patients by good-quality tumors, 30 patients by boundary tumors and 50 patients by an ovarian carcinoma.
It was established, that IL1, TNF6 and IL6 production by mononuclear cells, infiltrating epithelium tumour of ovary, grew at malignancy of good-quality tumors and decreased the differentiation degree of cells of ovarian carcinoma. At malignancy of good-quality tumours and decreasing differentiation degree of cells of ovarian carcinoma the decrease of spontaneous and stimulated production of IL2 and stimulated production of IL4 by mononuclear cells, infiltrating epithelian tumour of ovary is revealed.
The received data allow approving the increase of activity of mononuclear fagocytes, infiltrating epithelian tumor of ovarian during tumour progression, and also the decrease of T-cells activity in the 1-st and 2 types of immunity reactions in tumours of this localization.
One of the possible reasons of cells immunity decrease at a tissue level in ovarian tumour can be increased production of cytokines by mononuclears, closing immunity reactions, in particular IL6.
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Hossain, SM Shahadat, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Md Rayhan Mahmud i Farhana Israt Jahan. "Subtotal Gastrectomy for Atypical Carcinoid of Stomach– A Rare Tumour". Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 12, nr 2 (1.12.2016): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v12i2.41112.
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The term carcinoid was first employed by Oberndorfer in 1907 to describe a group of tumours of the gastrointestinal tract that had a relatively indolent course and that were considered to be intermediate between adenoma and carcinoma in malignant potential. Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours are a type of cancer that form in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract originating from entero-chromaffin like (ECL) cells. Gastric carcinoid tumours are rare tumors that develop within the gastric mucosa. They can present as an isolated lesion or there can be multiple lesions. The tumours can invade locally into deeper structures of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) wall. Solitary gastric carcinoids have a greater chance for the development of malignancy and metastases as compared to multiple gastric carcinoids due to hypergastrinemia. A 60 years old man presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss and was found to have carcinoid tumour of stomach without classic carcinoid syndrome (CS). Despite advances in the understanding of patho-physiology of carcinoid tumour its complications remain enigmatic. Early, accurate diagnosis and aggressive treatment is recommended.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 145-148
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Zamay, S. S. "The «nanoscalpel» for microsurgery of glial brain tumours". Siberian Medical Review 6 (2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20333/25000136-2021-6-53-59.
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Glial tumours are among the most common primary brain tumours of neuroectodermal origin characterised by infiltrative growth and widespread invasion of tumour cells into healthy tissue. A highly demanded method for therapy of such tumours may become magnetomechanical microsurgery substituting the scalpel with the «nanoscalpel» consisting of: (1) nanostructures converting the magnetic moment into the mechanical one, and (2) targeted ligands. Suitable structures for the nanoscalpel are magnetic disks with a high degree of saturation magnetisation and absent remanent magnetisation. The search for publications dated 1992-2021 was carried out in the PubMed and e-LIBRARY databases. The search keywords were «magnetic discs», «glial tumors», «microsurgery» and «magnetomechanical transduction». This review discusses biological effects of magnetic disks, their mechanism of action and toxicity. It has been concluded that a «nanoscalpel» remotely controlled using a magnetic field may become an effective and safe tool for microsurgery of glial brain tumours.
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RAFIQ, BUSHRA, SHAHID IRSHAD RAO i HINA KOKAB. "OVARIAN TUMOURS". Professional Medical Journal 12, nr 04 (31.12.2005): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2005.12.04.5089.
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Objectives: To correlate preoperative diagnosis with operative findingsregarding the type of ovarian tumours. Material and Methods: Setting: Gynaecology Unit-I, Nishtar Hospital, Multan.Sample size: 50 patients. Duration: One year from October 2001 to October 2002. Study Design: A prospectiveanalytical study. Results: Most common age group in benign tumours was 20-40 years. 50% of patients with malignanttumours were between 30-50 years. Out of 50 patients, 33.3% benign tumours were in unmarried girls. Only 5% ofcancers were in nullipara, while 80% of patients had two or more children. Most common presenting symptom wasabdominal/pelvic pain. Abdominal distension was present in 75% of malignant cases. Pressure effects, metastaticsymptoms and general symptoms were more frequently seen in malignant than benign cases. On ultrasonography,benign tumours were cystic in 83.3% of patients and 46% of these cystic tumours had either internal septations orechoes. 85% of malignant tumours were either solid or mixed. Ascites was detected in 60% of cancers. Abdominalascites was found in 75% of malignant cases intra-operatively. Irregular tumours and those with surface adhesionswere more likely to be malignant. The accuracy of preoperative diagnosis was found to be 84%, 5 cases initiallyconsidered malignant were later on found to be benign, while 3 cases diagnosed as benign preoperatively provedmalignant. Out of 50 cases, 46 (92%) cases were diagnosed as epithelial cell tumour on histopathology, while 4 cases(8%) were germ cell tumours. Conclusion: It was concluded that identification of risk factors, detailed enquiry of thepresenting symptoms and proper clinical examination of the tumour provide important information about the type ofovarian tumour. Ultrasonography is the best preoperative technique available to differentiate benign from malignantovarian tumours.
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Nath, Chinmay, i Sankha Chatterjee. "Pathology of Spinal Tumours". International Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 32, nr 1 (styczeń 2024): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijors.ijors_5_24.
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Abstract Spinal tumours are uncommon lesions, but they may cause significant morbidity and mortality. Majority of the spinal tumours are metastatic, that is, spread from tumours in other organs, which are mostly seen in older patients. Primary sarcomas involving the spinal column are rare. Benign tumours and tumour-like lesions of the musculoskeletal system are mostly seen in young patients. Spinal tumours can be subdivided into primary tumours, which are rare, and secondary tumours or metastases, which are much common. Primary vertebral tumours may be benign or malignant. Common benign spinal tumours include osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, osteochondroma, aneurysmal bone cyst and giant cell tumour. There are many malignant primary spinal tumours such as- osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma. However, all of them, except multiple myeloma, are rare. Intraspinal tumours may be extradural or intradural. Common intradural extramedullary tumours include meningioma, schwannoma and intradural neurofibroma, whereas astrocytoma, ependymoma and haemangioblastoma are a few examples of intradural intramedullary tumours.
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Belfield, Jane, i Charlotte Findlay-Line. "Testicular Germ Cell Tumours—The Role of Conventional Ultrasound". Cancers 14, nr 16 (11.08.2022): 3882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14163882.
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Testicular tumours are the most common tumours found in young males and germ cell tumours account for 95% of testicular tumours. Ultrasound is the first-line radiological investigation for imaging of the testis. This article outlines how to undertake an ultrasound examination, including optimal patient position, scanning technique and imaging parameters. Classification of germ cell tumours is provided, and salient imaging features of different tumours are described. Difficulties and pitfalls of ultrasound are described, including tumours found after a trauma presentation, orchitis causing diagnostic difficulties and imaging of small testicular lesions. Other uses of ultrasound are outlined, including looking for a primary testicular tumour following the discovery of retroperitoneal lymph nodes, imaging when tumour-makers increase, local recurrence in the scrotum, and for solid organ biopsy in metastatic disease. Conclusion: Ultrasound remains the first-line of investigation for imaging of the testis, and conventional ultrasound still plays a large role in imaging. On ultrasound alone, accurate morphological characterisation of tumours remains a challenge, despite the imaging features that can be seen in different tumour types. Therefore, histology following orchidectomy of a germ cell tumour remains the gold standard for accurate tumour characterisation.
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Choudhury, Madhusmita, Monoj K. Deka i Shah A. Sheikh. "Histopathological evaluation of ovarian tumours in southern part of Assam". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, nr 4 (26.03.2021): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20211356.
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Background: Ovarian malignancy is the second most common cancer of the female reproductive system and the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy. With increase in longevity, the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer is increasing and its etiopathology remains unknown. A female’s risk at birth of having ovarian tumour sometime in her life is 6-7%. Two third of ovarian tumours occur in women of reproductive age group. The aim was to study the distribution of morphological pattern of benign, malignant, and nonneoplastic lesions of the ovary in different age groups and to determine the likelihood of bilateral involvement in different morphologic subtypes.Methods: A retrospective study from January 2018 to December 2020 was undertaken. A total of 210 surgical specimens were obtained. Detailed clinical information and radiological findings were recorded from the case sheets. Grossing of the surgical specimens was done in the pathology department, followed by histological examination.Results: Of 210 cases, benign cases were 140 (66.7%), malignant cases were 70 (33.3%). Surface epithelial tumors were most common (116/55.2%) followed by germ cell tumors (76, 36.1%) followed by others. Serous cystadenoma was commonest benign tumor (58, 41.4%). Serous adenocarinoma was commonest malignant tumor (19, 27.1%). Benign tumours were more common in the younger age group i.e. <40 years of age whereas malignant tumours were supervenes with increase in age. Most benign ovarian tumors (54, 38.6%) were seen between 31-40 years whereas most malignant tumors (24, 34.3%) were seen above 40 years. In 1st two decades, germ cell tumors were more common than other tumours.Conclusions: The prognosis and varying therapeutic strategies of ovarian tumours necessitate an accurate pathological evaluation. Histopathological study is still the gold standard in diagnosing most of these tumours.
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Agarwala, S., i AK Singal. "Tumour markers in pediatric solid tumours". Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons 10, nr 3 (2005): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-9261.16974.
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Rennie, Winston J., i Robert U. Ashford. "Imaging quiz: tumours and tumour mimics". Orthopaedics and Trauma 26, nr 1 (luty 2012): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mporth.2011.07.012.
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Ellis, I. O. "Tumour markers and origin of tumours". Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 47, nr 5 (styczeń 1993): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0753-3322(93)90060-x.
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Aluja Jaramillo, F., F. Gutierrez i S. Bhalla. "Pleural tumours and tumour-like lesions". Clinical Radiology 73, nr 12 (grudzień 2018): 1014–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2018.07.093.
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Grötzinger, Carsten. "Tumour Biology of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours". Neuroendocrinology 80, nr 1 (2004): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000080732.
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Rustin, G. J. "Tumour markers in germ cell tumours." BMJ 292, nr 6522 (15.03.1986): 713–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.292.6522.713.
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Metcalfe, S., i W. G. Jones. "Tumour markers in germ cell tumours." BMJ 292, nr 6530 (10.05.1986): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.292.6530.1275-a.
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Gemici, C. "Tumour Lysis Syndrome in Solid Tumours". Clinical Oncology 18, nr 10 (grudzień 2006): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2006.09.005.
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Rahim, Shabina, Saif Sabah Alkhaldi, Khaledah Alasousi i Rola H. Ali. "IntestinalLMNA::NTRK1-fused spindle cell neoplasm with S100 and CD34 coexpression: a new case". BMJ Case Reports 15, nr 11 (listopad 2022): e251270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-251270.
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Recurrent fusions involving neurotrophin tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) genes have been increasingly recognised in spindle cell tumours of somatic soft tissues due to the widespread use of RNA-based sequencing techniques. This heterogeneous group of neoplasms is included as an emerging entity in the currentWHO Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors. A subset of these tumours, associated with NTRK1 fusions, displays a distinctive phenotype in the form of monomorphic cytomorphology, patternless arrangement, perivascular and stromal hyalinisation, and CD34+/S100+/SOX10− immunoprofile. Gastrointestinal tract counterparts have been recently described with emphasis on distinction fromKIT/PDGFRA/BRAF/RASwild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST). Here, we present a recently encountered intestinal spindle cell neoplasm harbouring anLMNA::NTRK1gene fusion in a woman in her early 20s, which was initially thought to represent a GIST or a solitary fibrous tumour. Awareness of this emerging tumour type in the gastrointestinal tract is important due to treatment implications.
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Bakhshi, Girish D., Arshad S. Khan, Aftab S. Shaikh, Mohammad Ashraf A. Khan, Mohammad Adil A. Khan i Nilofar M. Jamadar. "Primary renal synovial sarcoma". Clinics and Practice 2, nr 2 (30.03.2012): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/cp.2012.e44.
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Primary Renal Sarcoma is rare tumor comprising only 1% of all renal tumours. Synovial sarcomas are generally deep-seated tumors arising in the proximity of large joints of adolescents and young adults and account for 5-10% of all soft tissue tumours. Primary synovial sarcoma of kidney is rare and has poor prognosis. It can only be diagnosed by immunohistochemistry. It should be considered as a differential in sarcomatoid and spindle cell tumours. We present a case of 33-year-old female, who underwent left sided radical nephrectomy for renal tumour. Histopathology and genetic analysis diagnosed it to be primary renal synovial sarcoma. Patient underwent radiation therapy and 2 years follow up is uneventful. A brief case report with review of literature is presented.
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Renuga, S., NS Sahana, G. Suganya i Meghashyama Kulkarni. "An enigmatic combined tumour of oral malignant melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma – A rare case report". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 28, nr 2 (kwiecień 2024): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_330_22.
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Abstract Combined tumours are those composed of two benign tumours or a benign and malignant tumour or two malignant tumours occurring within the same tumour population. The incidence of combined tumours is very rare. Due to the rarity of these tumours, their biological behaviour remains unlashed. Incisional biopsy of a 48 years old female patient with single, diffuse tumour mass in the oral cavity showed combined tumour or collision tumour of malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma. This was confirmed with immunohistochemistry study. The incidence of combined tumour of malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in oral cavity is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge based on the previous literature records, this is the first case report of its kind where there is incidence in the human oral cavity.
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Shepherd, Scott, Alex Coulton, Cathy Vocke, Chris Ricketts, Marston Linehan i Samra Turajlic. "Abstract IA025: The cell of origin is the dominant constraint in evolution of VHL related neoplasms". Cancer Research 83, nr 16_Supplement (15.08.2023): IA025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.kidney23-ia025.
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Abstract Cancer is an evolutionary process, and an evolutionary framework can be used to decipher cancer initiation, progression and treatment resistance. In the context of VHL disease with repeat evolution of malignancies across different tissue contexts we can examine the factors that constrain tumour evolution. In the largest analysis of VHL-related tumours to date (1321 tumours across 132 patients), we observe the second hits on the background of germline VHL mutation vary and include loss of chromosome 3p, narrow deletion of VHL locus, VHL mutation or methylation. Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) and solid renal tumours show a higher frequency of 3p loss, while pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and renal cysts, exhibited a higher frequency of somatic VHL mutations, without 3p loss. Tumour size and progression were contingent on the nature of the second hit, suggesting potential evolutionary "dead-ends" where the tumor initiating event does not involve 3p loss. The type of germline VHL mutation (whether a complete deletion or missense) determined the distribution of cancers and their burden, but beyond this, multiple renal tumours in individual patients did not converge onto the same trajectory. This observation suggests that following malignant transformation evolutionary contingency and chance dominate tumour evolution. Metastases from renal tumours were driven by loss of chromosomes 9p and 14q, reminiscent of sporadic renal tumours, suggesting that acquisition of metastatic competence is associated with a high degree of bottlenecking and highlighting these events as important targets for metastasis prevention. Citation Format: Scott Shepherd, Alex Coulton, Cathy Vocke, Chris Ricketts, Marston Linehan, Samra Turajlic. The cell of origin is the dominant constraint in evolution of VHL related neoplasms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Kidney Cancer Research; 2023 Jun 24-27; Austin, Texas. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(16 Suppl):Abstract nr IA025.
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Aishwarya, Jagan, Ramasamy Sasikala i Syed Dilshath. "Efficacy of morphological indexing of ovarian tumor: preoperative determination of risk of malignancy". International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, nr 8 (26.07.2017): 3458. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173463.
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Background: Ovarian cancers ranks fifth in cancer death worldwide and in India it ranks third among the female genital tract malignancies. Objective of present study was to assess prospectively the efficacy of morphological indexing (MI) as a method to predict malignancy in sonographically confirmed ovarian tumors.Methods: A prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu from September 2011 to August 2012. The risk of malignancy is preoperatively assessed in 136 patients with ovarian tumour using a morphological index based on tumour volume and wall structure. Each tumour was assigned a score of 0 to 10 based on increasing volume and morphologic complexity. The efficacy of the index was assessed by histopathological examination of the tumour.Results: The benign tumours had a mean MI score of 4.3 and malignant tumours had a mean of 8.3 which was statistically significant. Of the 54 tumours with MI <5, only 2 (3.7%) were malignant where else out of the remaining 82 tumours with MI >5, 54 (51.2%) were malignant. With MI >5 as a predictor of malignancy the present study had a Sensitivity-95.5%, Specificity-56.5%, Positive predictive value-51.2%, Negative predictive value-94%, and Accuracy-68%.Conclusions: Morphological index is a simple, valuable and inexpensive diagnostic tool to rule out malignancy in pre operative evaluations of ovarian tumors.