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Gagnadoux, Frédéric. "Etude expérimentale d'une administration de chimiothérapie antitumorale en aerosol dans le carcinome bronchopulmonaire". Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR3307.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn bronchial carcinoma (BC), administration of chemotherapy via inhalation could increase exposure of the tumor to the drug, while minimizing the systemic side effects. We performed a pre clinical study of aerosol administration of gemcitabine (GCB). In rats, we demonstrated the safety of pulmonary administration of GCB via endothracheal sprayer with a maximum tolerated dose of 3mg/kg once a week for 9 weeks. We developed an orthotopic model of BC in nude mice and demonstrated that nebulization does not alter the cytotoxic properties of GCB. In a primate model, we developed a scintigraphic monitoring procedure of aerosol deposition, and demonstrated the safety or 9 weekly aerosol administrations of GCB. At the present time, we perform a phase I study of aerosolized GCB in BC
Goujon, Marine. "Ciblage de MUC1 : impact sur les propriétés et les phénomènes de chimiorésistance au cisplatine dans les cellules cancéreuses pulmonaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2024/2024ULILS056.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDespite advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, killing 1.8 million patients each year. Its aggressiveness is such that its 5-year survival rate doesn't exceed 20%. Represented at 85% by the non-small cell subtype (NSCLC), lung cancer is often diagnosed at locally advanced stages making surgical resection impossible. Despites the rise of powerful therapies such as immunotherapies targeting immunes checkpoints and targeted therapies, the use of systemically treatments such as platinum-based cytotoxic chemotherapy (cisplatin) remains one of the standard treatments in the management of bronchial cancers. Although the powerful antineoplastic effects of cisplatin have been recognized for decades, many patients fail to benefit from the drug, notably due to primary or secondary resistance.MUC1 is a large transmembrane O-glycoprotein overexpressed in 2/3 of all cancers cases, included lung cancer, and is known to be a key player in tumoral progression and to be associated with chemoresistance signatures. In this context, the project aims to better understand MUC1 roles (i) on lung cancer cells properties and (ii) chemoresitance to cisplatin, and (iii) to test an antisens oligonucleotide strategy to define MUC1 as a new therapeutic target. In our project, five adenocarcinoma cell lines are used: H1975, A549, HCC827 and H292 invalidated for MUC1 expression by Crispr/Cas9 technology or knock-down by antisens oligonucleotides (ASO) as well PC9 stably overexpressing MUC1 (PC9). MTS, proliferation assays, migration/ invasion assays, immunofluorescence, western blot, comet assays and qPCR are used.Our results show that MUC1 expression (i) is associated with increased cell survival, proliferation, migratory and invasive capacities, as well as the abilities to form colonies, (ii) leads to cisplatin chemoresistance, (iii) modulates expression of cisplatin influx and efflux pumps including ABC family efflux pumps, and (iv) protects cells treated with cisplatin against DNA damages, a proliferation stop and apoptosis and (v) increases stem cells markers expressions. Moreover, targeting MUC1 with an ASO decreases all these properties.In conclusion, in NSCLC, our results show that MUC1 is an actor of tumor progression, by promoting cell survival, proliferation, migration and invasion and is also involved in cisplatin chemoresistance. Overall, our data suggest that MUC1 may represent a novel therapeutic approach to limit NSCLC progression and improve drug sensitivity, since using an ASO strategy can reverse these properties
Roblin-Pawlak, Corinne. "La mise au point d'un vaccin thérapeutique ciblé contre la P-glycoprotéine : effets sur le phénotype de la résistance multidrogue". Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMP205.
Pełny tekst źródła@Resistance of tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs is a major impediment to cancer chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance in human cells determined by the mdr1 gene encoding a membrane glycoprotein called P-glycoprotein found to correlate with the development of resistance phenotypes to a number of drugd (anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins, vinca alkaloids, actinomycin D, taxoid derivatives). Complete primary structure of human P-gycoprotein has been determined from the cDNA sequence. The protein 1280 amino acids long consists of two homologous halves, each comprising six putative transmembrane domains, and one nucleotide binding site which acts as an efflux pump on compounds which have neither common chemical structure nor common mechanism of pharmacological action. The murine mdr1 cDNA encodes a 1276 amino acids protein with a structure similar to its human homologue and sequences are 80% homologous with the strongest homology occurring in the intracytoplasmic part of the protien, whereas extracellular sequences differ significantly. Specific auto antibodies to extracellular loops 1, 2 and 4 of murine mdr1 P-gp were elicited in mice using palmitoylated synthetic peptides reconstituted in liposomes. The immune response against lipopeptides shows an increase of IgG anti-mpp1, anti-mpp2 and anti-mpp4 at the third immuzation. Following i. P inoculation of monocytic P388 resistant cells and chemotherapy, in vivo a 77% increase of the survival time in the immunized group (mean time survival of 39 days / 22 days in control group) was observed. Culture of resistant cell lines in the presence of elicited antibodies led to decrease cellular resistance to vinblastin and doxorubicin in monocytic P388R cells (expressing mdr1) and leukemic L1210R cells (expressing mdr1 and mdr3) but not in fibroblastic LM(tk-)R cells and in melanocytic B16R cells. This “vaccine” approach might have potentiel clinical application in resistance typically due to mdr1 expression
Pottier, Nicolas. "Pharmacogénomique des anticancéreux : exemples de la Bléomycine et du Methotrexate". Lille 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/55/89/79/PDF/these_npottier.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrançois, Charlotte. "Rôles respectifs des oestrogènes et des gonadotropines sur la pathogenèse des tumeurs ovariennes de la granulosa et sur l'activité de l'ovaire avant la puberté". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC059.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe granulosa cell tumors are rare and aggressive. Recurrences may appear more than 10 years after the removal of the primary tumor, causing the death of 80% of patients. This disease is accompanied by hyperestrogenism in 70% of cases. The first part of my thesis shows that E2 limit spreading of metastases from granulosa cell tumors. Indeed, in vitro studies on cell lines-derived from a primary tumor of human granulosa (C0V434) or from metastases (KGN) highlight that E2 did not affect their proliferation, but significantly reduces the capacity of migration and invasion of KGN cells. This effect is caused by a rapid non-genomic mechanism that inhibits the activity of ERK1 / 2 via the GPER receptor (François et al. , 2015). The "mini-puberty", present in mammals after birth, is characterized by very high amounts of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and E2. This early activation of the hypothalamic—pituitary—gonadal axis occurs at a time when the ovary contains growing follicles. The second part of my thesis shows that high levels of FSH in infantile period are essential to optimize the production of E2 by the follicles white blocking their growth and protecting them from premature maturation. Indeed, in vivo and ex vivo studies highlight that high concentrations of FSH provide significant production of E2 by increasing the expression of aromatase, but that they have no more action on the induction of the expression of cyclin D2, a key factor in the proliferation of granulosa cells (François et al. , in preparation)
Lièvre, Astrid. "Facteurs moléculaires pronostiques et prédictifs de la réponse aux traitements du cancer colorectal". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05S014.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe showed that mutations in the non-coding region (D-Loop) of the mitochondrial DNA were frequent in colorectal tumors, that they occured at an early step (adenoma) of the carcinogenesis and that they were a prognostic factor and associated with resistance to 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, we showed that KRAS gene mutations were associated with a resistance to cetuximab, an anti-EGFR antibody used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, and that they were a poor prognostic factor in patients treated by this antibody, independently of skin toxicity. The expression of the phosphoproteins pP70S6K and pMEKl also seems to be predictive of response to anti-EGFR antibodies and a prognostic factor in patients treated by them, independantly of KRAS mutation status
Bouilhol, Gauthier. "Incertitudes et mouvement dans le traitement des tumeurs pulmonaires : De la radiothérapie à l’hadronthérapie". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0131/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis focuses on the uncertainties and motion management in lung radiation therapy and particle therapy. Passive motion management techniques are considered. They consist in delivering the dose without any respiratory beam monitoring which may be difficult to set up or may introduce additional uncertainties. Clinical and methodological contributions about different treatment steps are proposed. First of all, computed tomography (CT) images for treatment planning must be carefully acquired in the presence of respiration-induced tumor motion. We assessed the impact of motion artifacts on the quality of treatment planning. We also proposed methodologies and recommendations about the optimization of 4D-CT acquisition parameters and an original method for automated motion artifact detection in 4D-CT images. Target delineation introduces one of the main source of uncertainties during radiation therapy treatment planning. We quantified inter-observer variations in the delineation of the gross tumor volume (GTV) and the internal target volume (ITV) using an original method in order to incorporate them in margin calculation. Reduction of motion uncertainties can be achieved by combining an abdominal pressure device with the immobilization system to reduce the amplitude of respiratory motion. We proposed a study to evaluate the usefulness of such a device according to the tumor location within the lung. Delivering the dose to the ITV implies an important exposure of healthy tissues along the tumor trajectory. An alternative strategy consists in irradiating the tumor in its time-averaged mean position, the mid-position. Margins are reduced compared with an ITV-based strategy while maintaining a correct tumor coverage. One part of the work consisted in participating in the implementation of a clinical trial in photon radiation therapy to compare the two strategies, ITV and mid-position. In the margin recipe proposed by van Herk, a Gaussian distribution of all combined errors is assumed. In most cases, respiratory motion has an asymmetric non-Gaussian distribution and the assumption may not be valid for strongly asymmetric tumor motions with a large amplitude. We proposed a numerical population-based model to incorporate asymmetry and non-Gaussianity of respiratory motion in margin calculation. Finally, when taking respiratory motion into account in particle therapy with safety margins, one must consider various parameters, particularly the dose deposit sensitivity to density variations. The last part is dedicated to a discussion on the defining of safety margins in order to optimally take into account respiratory motion
Baldacci, Simon. "Conséquences de la dérégulation de MET sur le phénotype des cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules EGFR mutés devenus résistant aux inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase d’EGFR". Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S043/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntroduction: Treatment of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutated non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) relies on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, all patients treated with EGFR TKI eventually present tumor progression, due to mechanisms of resistance such as the MET amplification. There is currently no data on phenotypic changes induced by MET activation in this context. The objective of this thesis is to determine whether the MET amplification during EGFR TKI resistance in the EGFR mutated NSCLC induces a more aggressive phenotype in tumor cells and alters the natural history of the disease.Methods: Proliferation, anchorage independent growth, spheroid formation, anoïkis resistance and migration were studied in vitro in the HCC827 cell line, derived from an EGFR mutated NSCLC, and in its daughter cell line HCC827-GR6 (GR6) which became resistant to EGFR TKI through MET amplification. The expression of vimentin, ZEB1, and E-cadherin was evaluated in these cellular models in order to investigate an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process induced by the MET amplification. In vivo, the tumor growth and the metastatic potential were analyzed by subcutaneous xenograft and intracardiac injection in mouse models. Finally, the clinical data of patients from 15 centers with a metastatic EGFR mutated NSCLC, exhibiting high MET overexpression in immunohistochemistry (score 3+) or MET amplification assessed by FISH on a re-biopsy performed after TKI EGFR progression were analyzed retrospectively.Results: In vitro, the MET amplification induced a significant increase in proliferation, anchorage independent growth, spheroid formation, anoïkis resistance and migration. Treatment with PHA-665752, a MET TKI, significantly reduced these biological properties in the GR6 cells harboring the MET amplification. An increase in the expression of vimentin and ZEB1 was also observed in the GR6 cells. In vivo, the MET amplification significantly increased the tumor growth and the metastatic potential. Treatment with crizotinib, another MET TKI, significantly decreased the metastatic potential of cells carrying MET amplification. Finally, patients with an EGFR mutated NSCLC, displayed a time to new metastases after TKI EGFR progression shorter than patients with high MET overexpression without MET amplification.Conclusion: The MET amplification during EGFR TKI resistance is associated in EGFR muted NSCLC with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. These results argue for the early use of MET inhibitors in combination with EGFR TKIs to avoid the emergence of a more aggressive resistant tumor clone
Peiffert, Didier. "Facteurs pronostiques et intensification thérapeutique des cancers epidermoïdes de l'anus". Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN19007.
Pełny tekst źródłaWauthoz, Nathalie. "Développement et évaluation de formulations pour inhalation à base d'anticancéreux dans le cadre du traitement des tumeurs pulmonaires". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209814.
Pełny tekst źródłaPour apporter des réponses aux principales problématiques rencontrées avec l’administration systémique de la chimiothérapie conventionnelle qui est principalement constituée d’agents pro-apoptotiques, nous avons développé des formulations à base d’agents antinéoplasiques aux propriétés anticancéreuses non pro-apoptotiques qui sont destinées à être administrées de manière localisée par la voie inhalée. Il faut savoir que l’inhalation est la voie d’administration préférentielle des principales affections respiratoires telles que l’asthme, la bronchopneumonie chronique obstructive et la mucoviscidose.
La première partie de ce travail a consisté à produire et à évaluer des formulations à base de témozolomide destinées à être administrées chez la souris porteuse de pseudo-métastases pulmonaires (issues d’un mélanome expérimental, le modèle B16F10), soit via la voie intraveineuse (iv) conventionnelle soit via la voie inhalée à l’aide d’un dispositif endotrachéal approprié. La suspension pour inhalation a été produite à l’aide de technique de réduction de taille et a été stabilisée à l’aide de phospholipides compatibles avec la voie pulmonaire. L’activité anticancéreuse in vitro a été vérifiée pour le témozolomide formulé sous forme de suspension pour inhalation et de solution intraveineuse par rapport à du témozolomide non formulé sur des lignées de cellules cancéreuses de cancer humain NSCLC A549, de glioblastome humain T98G et de mélanome murin B16F10. Cette dernière lignée a été utilisée pour générer les pseudo-métastases pulmonaires chez la souris en injectant les cellules de mélanomes dans la voie systémique via la veine caudale. La reproductibilité de la dose et de l’aérosol générés à partir de la suspension pour inhalation à l’aide du dispositif d’administration endotrachéal et la déposition des gouttelettes dans les poumons de la souris ont pu être respectivement évaluées avec précision par une méthode de quantification du témozolomide qui a été validée par nos soins, par des techniques de diffraction laser et par des techniques de microscopie à fluorescence et d’analyse d’images histologiques. Enfin, l’activité antitumorale in vivo et la tolérance des traitements conventionnels ou localisés ont été vérifiées chez la souris porteuse de ces pseudo-métastases pulmonaires B16F10. Les résultats ont montré que le dispositif endotrachéal utilisé permettait de produire des doses et des aérosols reproductibles et de déposer les gouttelettes d’aérosol profondément dans les poumons des souris. De plus, lors de l’étude in vivo, les traitements administrés étaient bien tolérés et la dose de témozolomide administré sous forme de suspension pour inhalation à l’aide du dispositif endotrachéal avait permis d’obtenir une efficacité antitumorale similaire à une dose similaire de témozolomide administrée par la voie iv conventionnelle. De plus, 11% (3/27) de souris « long-survivantes » avaient été observées avec le groupe traité par inhalation trois fois par semaine pendant trois semaines consécutives et les poumons de ces long-survivants avaient présenté une éradication quasi complète des tumeurs pulmonaires. Ce phénomène n’avait pas été observé dans les groupes de souris traitées de manière conventionnelle.
Ensuite, la seconde partie de notre travail a consisté en l’élaboration du témozolomide sous forme de poudres sèches pour inhalation destinées à être délivrées à l’aide d’un dispositif à poudre sèche à usage humain. Pour ce faire, nous avons développé les poudres sèches pour inhalation à l’aide de techniques de réduction de taille pour microniser la poudre de départ et d’atomisation pour évaporer le solvant et élaborer un enrobage autour des particules micronisées. La nature de l’enrobage était soit hydrophile soit lipophile. Ensuite les caractéristiques physicochimiques telles que les propriétés thermiques, les propriétés cristallines, la distribution de taille particulaire et la morphologie des formulations de poudre sèche pour inhalation ont été évalués à l’aide de techniques appropriées telles que la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage, la diffraction des rayons X sur poudre, la diffraction de la lumière laser et la microscopie électronique à balayage. Les profils de déposition pulmonaire et de dissolution ont été respectivement déterminés in vitro à l’aide de l’essai de la pharmacopée européenne utilisant l’impacteur à cascade multi-étages et d’un test de dissolution adapté aux formes pulmonaires. Les quatre formulations élaborées présentaient des caractéristiques physicochimiques intéressantes pour la stabilité à long-terme de la substance active et des formulations. De plus, deux formulations de poudre sèche pour inhalation (les formulations F1 et F2) présentaient des propriétés aérodynamiques tout à fait attrayantes avec une fraction minimale de poudre déposée au niveau du tractus respiratoire supérieure et une fraction maximale de poudre déposée au niveau du tractus respiratoire inférieur où se localisent les tumeurs pulmonaires. De plus, l’ensemble des formulations ont montré que la fraction sélectionnée des particules fines des poudres sèches pour inhalation libérait 75% du témozolomide dans le liquide simulant le fluide pulmonaire endéans les dix premières minutes du test de dissolution in vitro adapté aux formes pulmonaires.
Enfin, nous avons comparé l’efficacité et la tolérance in vivo d’une de nos formulations de poudre sèche de témozolomide pour inhalation administrée soit sous forme de suspension, soit sous forme de poudre sèche, à l’aide du dispositif endotrachéal approprié chez la souris porteuse de pseudo-métastases pulmonaires. L’uniformité de la dose délivrée par les différents dispositifs a été évaluée à l’aide d’une technique quantitative validée. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré qu’en administrant une formulation de poudre sèche sous forme d’un mélange de poudres plutôt que sous forme d’une suspension liquide, les doses en témozolomide à administrer pour obtenir une efficacité comparable était au moins deux fois moins élevées. Cependant, le dispositif endotrachéal pour les formulations de poudre présentait plus de variabilité au niveau de la dose délivrée que le dispositif endotrachéal pour les formulations liquides ce qui induit une variabilité dans les doses délivrées. Pour clôturer ce travail, nous avons appliqué certaines techniques que nous avons développées pour le témozolomide à une nouvelle molécule de synthèse, le trivanillate polyphénolique 13c, qui montre des propriétés anticancéreuses intéressantes dans le cadre des tumeurs pulmonaires. En effet, une méthode quantitative a été développée et a été validée. Une étude de pré-formulation et des essais de formulation pour produire une suspension, des complexes d’inclusion et des microparticules lipidiques ont été entrepris avec de relativement bons résultats pour les complexes d’inclusion élaborés avec des gamma cyclodextrines qui permettaient d’augmenter la solubilité dans l’eau de la molécule de 13c d’un facteur d’au moins 1,5×106. De plus, les particules de 13c montraient la particularité de se solubiliser dans un mélange dichlorométhane/éthanol (1 :1 v/v) ce qui nous a permis d’élaborer des microparticules lipidiques pour lesquelles les propriétés de mouillage devront être améliorées dans l’avenir./
Primary lung tumors, mainly represented by non-small-cell lung cancers (cancers NSCLC), or secondary lung tumors (metastasis) cause the death of hundred thousand human beings worldwide. Despite the therapeutic modalities used, the five-year survival rate reaches only 15%. Nowadays, it is known that cancers NSCLC and metastasis are intrinsically resistant to apoptosis.
To overcome the main problems occurring with the systemic delivery of conventional chemotherapy which are mainly constituted of non-specific and non selective pro-apoptotic agents, we have developed some formulations based on non pro-apoptotic antineoplasic drugs which are designed to be delivered by a localized administration, the inhalation. Indeed, inhalation is the preferential route to treat the main pulmonary affections such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis.
The first part of this work consisted to produce and evaluate temozolomide-based formulations designed to be delivered to mice bearing pulmonary pseudo-metastases (using a experimental melanoma, the B16F10 model), either by the conventional intravenous (iv) route or by inhalation using an endotracheal device appropriate to mice. The suspension for inhalation was produced by means of a high pressure homogenizing technique using phospholipids compatible with the lungs to stabilize the suspension. The in vitro anticancer activity was evaluated for both temozolomide-based formulations in comparison with non-formulated temzolomide on three cancer cell lines, a human NSCLC cancer cells (A549), a human glioblastoma cancer cells (T98G) as positive control and a murine melanoma cancer cells (B16F10). The latter was used to generate lung tumors in mice by injecting the melanoma cells by iv. Reproducibility of delivered dose and generated aerosol by the endotracheal device from the suspension for inhalation and the deposition of droplets in the mouse lungs were precisely evaluated by means of a validated HPLC determination method, a laser diffraction technique and fluorescent microscopy and histological image analysis, respectively. Then, the tolerance and the antitumor efficacy of iv or inhaled temozolomide-based treatments were evaluated on mice bearing pulmonary pseudo-metastases B16F10. The results showed that endotracheal device produced reproducible doses and aerosols and that the aerosol droplets were deposited deeply in the mouse lungs. Moreover, the temozolomide-based treatments were well tolerated in terms of weight evolution and the inhaled based-temozolomide treatments were able to get the same antitumor efficacy in terms of median survival rate as the conventional iv based-temozolomide treatments delivered at a same frequency. Moreover with the group treated by inhalation three times a week during three consecutive weeks, 11% (3/27) mice survived with an almost complete eradication of lung tumors which was not observed with the groups treated by conventional route.
Then, the second part of our work consisted to produce temozolomide-based dry powders for inhalation able to be delivered with a dry powder inhaler for human use. We developed the dry powders for inhalation using a high-pressure homogenizing technique to micronize temozolomide particles and then spray-drying technique to coat temozolomide microparticles. The coating was either hydrophilic or lipophilic. Then, the physicochemical characteristics such as thermal or crystalline properties, the particle size distribution and the particle morphology were evaluated for the four dry powders for inhalation by means of differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray powder diffraction, laser light scattering and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The in vitro pulmonary deposition and dissolution were respectively determined by European pharmacopeia assay for the aerodynamic assessment of fine particles using a multi-stage liquid impinger and by dissolution test optimized for inhaler products. The four formulations produced presented physicochemical properties promoting long-term stability of temozolomide and formulations.Moreover, two of them (dry powder without coating or with a thin lipid coating) showed attractive aerodynamic properties with a minimal fraction of powder deposited in the oropharyngeal and tracheal zones and maximal fraction deposited in the lungs (almost 50% of the nominal dose) where the lung tumors are localized. Moreover, fine particle fraction of all formulations showed a fast release and dissolution of temozolomide with more than 75% of temozolmide dissolved within 10 minutes in the simulated lung fluid during the in vitro dissolution test optimized for dry powders for inhalation.
Then, we compared the in vivo antitumor efficacy and tolerance of one of dry powders for inhalation on mice bearing pulmonary pseudo-metastases B16F10. The dry powder for inhalation was administered either by dispersing it as a extemporaneous suspension able to be delivered by the endotracheal device for liquid forms or by mixing it with a spray-dried diluent able to be delivered by the endotracheal device for dry powders. The uniformity of delivered dose by the different endotracheal device was evaluated by a validated quantitative method. The results showed that the delivery of the powder mixture presented the same antitumor efficacy as the extemporaneous suspension but for a half dose of temozolomide. However, the endotracheal device for dry powders presented a higher variability of delivered dose than the endotracheal device for liquid forms.
Finally, we apply the pulmonary application on a polyphenol developed in the Faculty of Pharmacy, the molecule 13c, that showed very interesting in vitro anticancer properties against lung tumors. So, a quantitative method was developed and was validated. A preformulation studie was performed and formulation developements are on-going.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Nawrocki, Laurent. "Chimiothérapie anticancéreuse et croissance dentaire". Lille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL2D002.
Pełny tekst źródłaLermé, Nicolas. "Réduction de graphes et application à la segmentation de tumeurs pulmonaires". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682811.
Pełny tekst źródłaChvetzoff, Gisèle. "Enjeux éthiques des décisions d'arrêt de chimiothérapie". Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T035.
Pełny tekst źródłaChemotherapy is one of the main methods of treating cancer. But when disease progresses despite treatments, the balance between risk and benefits may become negative and necessitate cessation of treatment. This decision is hard to make for the oncologist and also hard to accept for the patient. We performed a bibliographical review of scientific parameters that justify such a decision. These parameters actually exist but are not absolute. Then we proposed a cohort study of 81 patients with metastatic breast cancer, describing daily practice of chemotherapy near the end of life and analysing prognostic factors of progression after each line of chemotherapy. In a third study, we conducted semi directive interviews of oncologists, patients and cancer survivors, in order to analyse their attitudes and expectations about ending chemotherapy. The scientific model of evidence-based medicine is necessary but not sufficient to guide such decisions. Existential, although not necessarily explicit, concerns about the sense of human life, the perspective of death, and the role of caregivers must be discussed. Sharing the decision with the patient leads to discuss the notions of autonomy and individual consent
Verga, Federico Daniel. "Modélisation mathématique de processus métastatiques". Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10140.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the study of a mathematical model of growing metastatic tumors and its possible clinical applications. In particular, it is developed a theoretical and numerical study of the models. The first part of this manuscript is devoted to the study of a model of non treated metastatic growth where it is introduce a new in silico tool called Metastatic Index which could permit to quantify the metastatic staging of a given patient and could consequently improve the existing classifications of tumoral aggressiveness. The second part of this thesis deals with the study of the modified model in order to take into account a chemotherapy treatment. It is presented a theoretical and numerical study and some simulation examples aiming at studying the evolution of the metastatic index inflected by the action of the treatment. The last part of this manuscript is devoted to study the potentialities of the model concerning clinical applications. In particular it is described a way to establish in some manner the reliability of the model comparing some results of simulations with real clinical results. Finally, it is presented a possible way aiming at refining the classification of the metastatic staging of a patient and how to determine the more efficient treatments in order to minimize the occurrence of recurrences
Lainé, Anne-Laure. "Vectorisation de complexes ferrocéniques par les nanocapsules lipidiques pour le traitement du cancer". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021165.
Pełny tekst źródłaFellah, Slim. "Exploration par IRM multimodale des tumeurs cérébrales de l'enfant et de l'adulte. : Lésions épileptogènes, tumeurs oligodendrogliales et glioblastome". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5035.
Pełny tekst źródłaConventional MRI is considered as the gold standard method for the non-invasive diagnosis, pretherapeutic assessment and follow-up of brain tumors in adults and in children. However, due to its lack of specificity for both differential diagnosis and evaluation of the response to treatment, several MR modalities are now added to the conventional exam in order to refine the exploration of these tumors. The use of a single modality is however not yet sufficient to establish an accurate diagnosis or prognosis for brain tumors. For this reason, we were interested in the combination of data from different MR modalities in order to obtain a better characterization of these neoplasms. In this context, we used multimodal MRI to investigate 1) pediatric epileptogenic tumors, for which it is crucial to establish a preoperative diagnosis in order to make appropriate surgical and therapeutic decisions; 2) oligodendroglial tumors in adults, hardly distinguishable and which therapeutic decisions are mainly based on the determination of the tumoral grade and molecular profile; and 3) the response of glioblastoma to anti-angiogenic treatments. Through this work, we have shown that the association of different imaging modalities provides a significant contribution to the differential pre-therapeutic diagnosis of epileptogenic brain lesions in children and also of oligodendroglial tumors in adults as well as a support for the early assessment of tumoral response to anti-angiogenic therapies
Dohou, Aya. "Incidence de la ménopause chimio-induite chez les patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAS016.
Pełny tekst źródłaBreast cancer mainly affects postmenopausal women with an average age close to 60 years, although 10-15% of younger women are affected. For these women, the prognosis is poorer, with a higher risk of non-hormone-dependent cancer, lymph node involvement or high-grade tumours. These patients are more likely to receive chemotherapy, exposing them to significant ovarian damage while they are still of childbearing age. At the same time, the characteristics of the French population in terms of fertility are also changing and the age of first pregnancy continues to decline. The majority of patients are likely to receive neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy, which frequently induces an alteration in ovarian status, in a drug- and dose-dependent manner. This ovarian alteration mainly results in a depletion of the ovarian reserve, that is to say a reduction in the stock of primordial follicles. This alteration in ovarian function has many consequences on the quality of life of these young women. It is currently impossible to predict the extent, duration and possible reversibility of the gonadotoxic effect of chemotherapy. This increase in the incidence of breast cancer, combined with the increase in the age of first pregnancy, underlines the need to be able to provide accurate information to women of childbearing age with breast cancer about the possible gonadotoxicity of treatments. This gonadotoxicity can therefore in some cases lead to early menopause, which in turn has many consequences and has a significant impact on the quality of life of women with non-metastatic breast cancer. The different objectives of this work are as follows: 1° The review of menopause in the context of breast cancer treatment, more particularly on the effects of chemotherapy on ovarian hormones and the consequences of chemotherapy on quality of life. This review of the literature has enabled us to highlight several essential points such as a non-standardised definition of menopause and the fact that in some cases the effects on quality of life took second place to remission. 2° To identify young patients who had received chemotherapy between 1994 and 2012 in order to analyse the incidence of premature menopause and related factors. This retrospective database showed us that of the patients selected (n=345), 46 were menopausal following treatment, i.e. approximately 13.3%. It has been shown that age at diagnosis and hot flushes are factors that increase the risk of menopause following chemotherapy treatment. 3° To set up a pilot trial, from the drafting of the protocol to the analysis of preliminary data. This pilot trial focused on "Study of the impact of the Chemo-Induced Menopause on the Quality of Life of young women of childbearing age with non-metastatic breast cancer". This work will be presented in the manuscript, I will present the results showing the impact of treatment and amenorrhoea induced by chemotherapy on the functional score of the QLQ-C30 or on anxiety, depression, and the impact of climacteric manifestations on these young women
Corvaisier, Matthieu. "Implication des co-activateurs transcriptionnels YAP/TAZ dans la régulation entre la croissance et la dormance tumorale des cellules du cancer colorectal : mécanismes moléculaires et perspectives thérapeutiques". Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S028/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaColorectal cancer is the most frequent and lethal cancerous pathology from the digestive system. Each year in France, 41 000 new cases are diagnosed and 17 000 patients die due to this pathology. This high mortality is mainly due to the rate of patients with liver metastatic lesions and the early relapse of those metastases after treatment. The use of chemotherapy prior to surgery induces a decrease of early relapse, however 2 years after resection this advantage is lost. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying escape to treatment is required to try to delay or prevent tumor recurrence.The aim of this doctoral work was to analyze clonal chemoresistant subpopulations derived from the colorectal cancer cell line HT29 after chronic exposure to 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) and molecular mechanisms associated with chemoresistance. The most chemoresistant clonal subpopulation, 5F31, stops its proliferation after treatment with high dose of 5FU, this behavior being associated with the modulation of the c-Yes/YAP axis. After treatment, 5F31 cells enter quiescence, interaction between c-Yes and YAP is lost and total and nuclear YAP protein expression reduces significantly (Igoudjil, Touil, Corvaisier et al. 2014, Clinical Cancer Research). The next step was to study functions of YAP protein in this chemotherapy- induced quiescence.Pharmacological or transient inhibition of YAP and its homolog TAZ, induces quiescence and reduces cellular growth in several colorectal cancer cell lines. On the other hand, overexpression of a constitutively active form of YAP in 5F31 cells forces cells to remain proliferative under 5FU treatment, enhancing 5F31 cell chemosensitivity to 5FU.Regarding proteic effectors, quiescence (either induced by 5FU or YAP/TAZ inhibition) is associated with loss of expression of the transcription factor c-Myc and Cyclin E1. In 5F31 cells expressing the active mutant form of YAP, Cyclin E1 expression is sustained after 5FU treatment through the activation of the transcription factor CREB. Cyclin E1 inhibition is sufficient to induce quiescence, therefore introducing this protein as one of the final effectors of YAP/TAZ co-activators in the regulation of the proliferation/quiescence switch in colorectal cancer cells (Corvaisier et al. 2016, Oncotarget).To conclude, our work reveals the importance of YAP/TAZ proteins for the maintenance of colorectal cancer cells proliferation through Cyclin E1 expression. Our work on liver metastases from patients with colorectal cancer shows that high expression of YAP/TAZ is connected to a higher proliferative index in metastatic lesions. Moreover, high YAP/TAZ expression is associated with shorter patient progression-free survival and shorter overall survival. Studying the expression and level of YAP/TAZ activation could be an interesting prognosis marker to anticipate metastatic relapse and potent druggable target to delay tumoral recurrence
Grall, Romain. "Nouvelles stratégies pour le traitement des tumeurs chimio et radio-résistantes : Nanodiamants hydrogénés et Solides hybrides poreux. Etude in vitro dans des systèmes 2D et 3D". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T034/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present work focuses on nanoparticles and their great skills for oncology therapies. Two kinds of nanoparticles have been studied in order to biologically validate and characterize their features. The use of hydrogenated Nanodiamonds (H-NDs) as radio sensitizer is based on a physic-chemical postulate where they act as oxidative stress generator through interaction with irradiation. Thus we validated this hypothesis in radio resistant kidney and breast cancer cell lines and identify senescence as the main pathway after co-treatment with H-NDs and irradiation. Metal organic frameworks are also of particular interest for drug delivery because of their very important loading capacities. Here we demonstrate the biocompatibility of the empty compounds in four lung and hepatic cancer cell lines, a main point before their involvement in drug delivery strategies. Finally, following international guidelines encouraging to make animal testing more ethic, we developed a new 3D cell culture mimicking mucinous lung adenocarcinoma. This well characterized model will be used for the study of cancer development and drug screening
Carmona, Sylvie. "Un analogue de synthèse de la squalamine, NV669, comme nouvel inhibiteur de la protéine Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) : étude de ses effets in vitro et in vivo sur la croissance des tumeurs pancréatiques et hépatiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0616.
Pełny tekst źródłaNV669 is an aminosterol derived from squalamine found to possess strong antiangiogenic and anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to investigate NV669’s beneficial effects on human pancreatic and hepatic cancer models and to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor growth decrease upon treatment with NV669.Pancreatic (BxPC3, MiaPaCa-2) and hepatic (HepG2, Huh7) cancer cells were treated with NV669, and the effects on proliferation, on cell cycle and death were determined. The results showed that NV669 inhibited the viability of cancer cells, induced cell cycle arrest through the regulation of G2/M phase via a decrease in the expression of cyclin B1 and phosphorylated Cdk1 and the induction of apoptosis via cleaved caspase-8 and PARP-1 and fragmented DNA. Moreover, in vitro NV669 inhibits PTP1B activity and FAK expression. NV669 impacts on the expression of adhesion molecules CDH-1, -2 and -3 in BxPC3 and Huh7 lines that form cell monolayers. This suggests that NV669 by inhibiting PTP1B would induce apoptosis. Subsequently, our in vivo results showed that NV669 inhibited the growth of pancreatic and hepatic tumor xenografts with a significant decrease in proliferation cell and an increase of tumor cell apoptosis. Therefore, NV669 may serve as an alternative anticancer agent, used alone or in association with other medications, for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma
Kegelaer, Grégory. "Identification et caractérisation du phénotype MDR de cellules cancéreuses par techniques de spectroscopie vibrationnelle infrarouge et Raman et analyse statistique". Reims, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REIMP203.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuiart, Laetitia. "Hormonothérapie et cancer du sein : mesure de l'adhésion au traitement en bases de données médico-administratives". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5048/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of oral anticancer therapies has significantly increased in recent years. Adherence to these therapies has therefore become a major issue in the field of oncology. This thesis focuses on the question of treatment adherence in oncology, and more specifically on the use of medical records and administrative databases to estimate adherence and persistence to hormonal therapy—now a major form of oral breast cancer therapy. Our perspective is based on pharmacoepidemiology, i.e. the study of drugs in a clinical setting. The first part of this thesis synthesizes current knowledge on adherence and persistence to hormonal therapy for BC – i.e. tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor therapies.The second part, which is based on the study of two cohorts constituted (1) from the UK General Practice Research Database and (2) from the French National Health Insurance System, demonstrates that - More than half of women younger than 40 at diagnosis do not receive any tamoxifen at 5years of follow-up. This group of women presents the highest rates of treatmentinterruption. - Among women over 50 at diagnosis, those receiving some form of AI therapy discontinue less frequently than those on tamoxifen treatment. - Determinants of non-persistence identified in the studies under review include low social support and self-reporting of non-compliance among younger women. Among older women, those using complementary or alternative medicine or suffering from comorbidities are more likely to discontinue their treatment, whereas women usingpolypharmacy are less likely to discontinue. - In previous studies, a large proportion of women who discontinued their treatment resumed after a prolonged gap. To account for these temporary treatment discontinuations, we used multi-state models. The probability of being off treatment estimated from these models is lower than that estimated from Kaplan-Meier estimates, after the 1st year of treatment. Adherence to hormonal therapy is largely suboptimal. Some of its determinants are modifiablefactors, while others can be used to identify sub-groups of patients at high risk of non-adherence. Accounting for temporary treatment discontinuation is important when measuring nonpersistence. Adherence is a key element for the translation of efficacy measured in clinical trials into effectiveness in real life. There is an urgent need to acknowledge the problem of nonadherence to oral therapy in oncology
Mohamed, Amerh Amira. "Nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques en développement pour les tumeurs neuroendocrines d'origine gastroentéropencréatiques et hypophysaires : preuves de concept in vitro". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5049.
Pełny tekst źródłaGEPNETs represent, in terms of prevalence, the second digestive cancer. Octreotide (Sst2 agonists) effectively control their secretion and partially cell growth. we developed a primary cell culture of human GEPNETs. Cell culture allowed the study of antisecretory and antiproliferative effect of pasireotide and everolimus, alone or in combination, as compared to octreotide, in 20 tumors. We highlighted a significant and similar maximal inhibitory effect of octreotide and Pasireotide either on cell viability or on chromogranin A secretion in all analyzed tumors. However, the intracellular trafficking of Sst2 was strikely different in the presence of pasireotide and octreotide. In all analyzed tumors, everolimus inhibits cell viability and secretion of GEPNETs similarly to SSA. We couldn’t reveal any additivity between everolimus and SSA in cell viability suppression.My second goal was to study the effect of overexpression of Sst2 by adenoviral transfer in cells of human prolactinomas and NFPA. In both cell types. Nevertheless, octreotide efficiently suppressed PRL secretion and cell proliferation (NFPA). Overexpression of Sst2 did not improve the efficcacy of dopastatines (chimeric Sst2 - D2DR agonists) on prolactin secretion in prolactinomas, but clealy improved suppression of cell proliferation in NFPA. These results suggest that dopostatin promotes a Sst2 D2DR cooperation in NFPA, but not in prolactinomas, where DRDR activation remains dominant. In conclusion, GEPNETs primary cell culture represents a good model for pharmacological In pituitary adenomas, Sst2 overexpression opens an interesting perspective for gene therapy in recurrent NFPA after surgery
Duconseil, Pauline. "Le décryptage omique de l'hétérogénéité de l'adénocarcinome pancréatique : de la paillasse au lit du patient". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0108/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHeterogeneity of Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC) has become the majorimpediment to the effective treatment of patients. Clinical outcome and sensitivity to treatments are associated with a given phenotype and associated at a transcriptomic level. Recent data indicate that studying the expressionof a selected gene set could inform selection of the most appropriate treatments.We areoptimizing this approach by analysing transcriptome of Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDX)from surgical as well as endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)biopsies of tumors, as a source of RNA. We have found a molecularsignature capable of dividing patients into two groups, function of theirsurvival.Independently, we have shown that treatment response pattern can also be foundat a transcriptomic level. We thenanalysed tumors and their stromas, and have found two sub-types of stromas and two sub-types of tumors. These wereindinstinctly defined by RNAseq-based transcriptomics, or DNA methylation. We also studied response to treatments administered alone or incombination to routine chemotherapies. All these results are encouraging, but not yetapplicable in clinical pratice. We are now developing the PDAC Biopsy DerivedPancreatic Cancer Organoids (BDPCO): BDPCO culture represents an excellent source of “exvivo” material. Unlike PDX, which take many months to grow, BDPCO allow us to obtainexploitable material rapidly useful for clinical application. We are convinced that in the near future, the treatment ofpancreatic cancers will be preceded by an extensive molecular characterization of cancercells in order to select the most appropriate treatments
Xie, Wei. "Transcription Inhibitor Lurbinectedin and Oncolytic Peptide LTX-401 trigger Immunogenic Cell Death and Synergize With Immune Checkpoint Blockade Lurbinectedin Synergizes With Immune Checkpoint Blockade To Generate Anticancer Immunity Tumor Lysis With LTX-401 Creates Anticancer Immunity Autophagy Induction by Thiostrepton Improves the Efficacy of Immunogenic Chemotherapy Oncolysis With DTT-205 and DTT-304 Generates Immunological Memory in Cured Animals". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL072.
Pełny tekst źródłaCancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, despite the existence of standard treatment, innovative therapeutic strategies and drugs are still in urgent demand. The combination of immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducing drugs and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) seems to be a promising modality. In this thesis, we demonstrated Lurbinectedin, a transcription inhibitor newly approved for relapsed lung cancer treatment, triggers hallmarks of ICD in four different human and murine cell lines in vitro. Vaccinated with Lurbinectedin-treated fibrosarcoma cell protects immunocompetent mice from rechallenge with syngeneic tumours. Lurbinectedin restrains transplanted fibrosarcoma growth in an immune dependent manner. Both transplanted MCA205 cancer and hormone/carcinogen induced breast cancer were sensitized by Lurbinectedin to PD-1 and CTLA-4 double ICBs. Of note, long-term immunological memory was generated in cured mice. Further, we evaluated the anticancer capacity of LTX-401, an oncolytic peptide designed for local immunotherapy. Sequential intratumoral injections of LTX-401 dramatically retards subcutaneous MCA205 and TC-1 tumour growth in immunocompetent host, yet shows limited therapeutic effect of anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 ICBs. Moreover, sequential LTX-401 treatment with double ICBs exhibits systemic antitumor immunity to both treated and abscopal tumour. In conclusion, lurbinectedin and LTX-401 induce cancer cell immunogenic cell death and enhance the anticancer effects of immune chekcpoint blockade. These results lay the experimental foundation of combination regiments and may facilitate the clinical trial design
Leclercq, Julien. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la kinésine Eg5". Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S026/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCancer is a real problem in our civilization. Indeed, in 2010, it affected more than 10 million people in the world. Today, this disease is the first cause of death in industrialized countries.Unfortunately, the proposed therapies remain frequently insufficient and lead to side effects which remove the benefits of the medical treatment. In order to avoid the toxicity to safe cells, since a few years, researches have been done to develop targeted therapies. Most of the anti-mitotic drugs actually available on the market lead to important side effects such as cardiological, hematological and neurotoxic problems.Thus, we interested to another therapeutic target which still acts at the level of the mitosis but causing fewer side effects and can be overexpressed into the cancer cells: the mitotic kinesin Eg5.The mitotic kinesin Eg5 plays an important role in the early stages of mitosis and is one of the most attractive target enzymes in antimitotic drug development. The modulation of the Eg5 activity has been shown to cause aberrant mitotic spindle formation, cell cycle arrest during mitosis and the inhibition of proliferation of tumor cells in culture. With regard to the potential of Eg5 modulators in the treatment of human cancers, we report the design, synthesis and biological studies of quinazolinone derivatives as mitotic kinesin Eg5 inhibitors. We developed three series of molecules derived from quinazolin-4-one scaffold following a “de novo drug design” strategy
Moussallem, Mazen. "Optimisation de la délimitation automatique des tumeurs pulmonaires à partir de l'imagerie TEP/TDM pour les planifications dosimétriques des traitements par radiothérapie". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864905.
Pełny tekst źródłaStalin, Jimmy. "Contribution à l'étude du rôle de CD146 soluble dans les pathologies angiogéniques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5080.
Pełny tekst źródłaDiseases with angiogenic component such as ischaemic pathologies and cancer have a high incidence. Among ischaemic pathologies, the acute ischaemia of the lower limbs made the object of many research having for goal a better comprehension of the physiopathological mechanisms and the development of effective therapies. The endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) take part in the regeneration of the vessels during ischaemia. In tumoral pathology, resistance to available treatments pushes research to find new therapeutic targets. For several years, our team has worked on CD146 molecule. It was shown that the soluble form of CD146 is an angiogenic factor involved in physiology and pathology. Our work thus consisted in studying the mechanism of action of this molecule in pathologies. Work of this thesis comprises several axes: A first in which the study of the modulations of the effects of soluble CD146 on EPC made it possible to highlight its receptor, angiomotin protein. The second part of the work concerned the study of the effects of a pretreatment by soluble CD146 on EPC on a model of IAMI in mouse. In vitro and in vivo, soluble CD146 increases the angiogenic properties and the viability of the EPC. Lastly, the third part of the work completed during my thesis concerned the role of sCD146 in cancerous pathology. We developed xenograft models of cancer cells allowing us to examine the effects of soluble CD146 on the tumor growth by the injection of this molecule. The results obtained show that soluble CD146 increases tumor growth and vascularization
Chanez, Brice. "Les protéines associées aux microtubules participent à la régulation de la migration tumorale et à la dégradation de la matrice par les cellules cancéreuses". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0211.
Pełny tekst źródłaMigration and invasion are key steps in the metastatic cascade. Microtubules (MT) are involved in cell division and are dammaged by MT tagetting agents(MTA), a widely used chemotherapy drugs. MT are dynamic structures anchored to peripheral cell structures. During this work, I studied how proteins that regulates the "+" end of MT (+ TIP) cell migration and extracellular matrix degradation. First I adressed the impact of eribulin, a new depolymerizing MTA, on mammary cell migration. Eribulin was found to prevent the anchoring of MT to cell cortex, to modify their dynamics and to inhibit cell migration, a phenomenon that we explained by its action on +TIP EB1 but more precisely by the delocalization of tubulin polymerase ch-TOG. Next we investigated the role of TIPs in invadopodia matrix degradation , which are actin-rich protrusion specialized in matrix digestion. The depletion of EB1 and its partners, APC and ACF7, negatively regulated the action of invadopodia, assumed the presence of a complex complex: EB1, APC and ACF7 negatively regulating invadopodia activity. In parallel, by systematic proteomic analysis of the component of the invadopodia, we identified new close neighbors of TKS5, an essential proteins in invadopodia formation, including a MT associated protein MAP4. In conclusion, the regulation of + TIP dynamics is important for migration and invasion and developping targeted strategies against them could improve the management of metastatic breast cancer
Lis, Raphaêl. "Implication du microenvironnement sur la survenue de la maladie métastatique et l’apparition d’une maladie résiduelle dans les adénocarcinomes ovariens séreux". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T079/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOvarian cancers constitute a poor prognosis disease. Due to their absence of symptoms, ovarian cancers are generally diagnosed at late stages. Despite major breakthrough regarding ovarian cancer surgery, minimal residual disease-induced relapse is still a hurdle for clinicians.Tumor microenvironment is a key actor on disease progression and resistance to therapy. In this study, we have focused on two major components of the tumor stroma, on one hand, the mesenchymal stem cells, and the endothelial cells on the other hand.We were able to demonstrate that mesenchymal stem cells are critically involved in ovarian cancer progression and resistance to therapy, while the endothelium, through production of angiocrine factors, is deeply involved in resistance of ovarian cancer cells to platinum and taxane based therapy.Here, we set forth the idea that disrupting the relationship between ovarian cancer cells and their host stroma constitute a new therapeutic window
Aimard, Adrien. "Ciblage de la protéine peroxysomale PMP34/SLC25A17 par des composés de type thiomorpholine hydroxamate dans le cancer". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0765.
Pełny tekst źródłaDrug repositioning is a strategy to find new indications for existing drugs. A thiomorpholine hydroxamate compound (TMI-1, an ADAM-17 inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases) has been recently repositioned in cancer. To further elucidate its mechanism of action, a series of arylsulfonyl thiomorpholine hydroxamate derivatives was synthetized and evaluated to determine a structure-activity relationship. We have pinpointed that the observed cytotoxic activity depends on the hydroxamate phenyl moiety and is not related to ADAM-17 inhibition. Using a reverse proteomic approach, we now identify the peroxisomal membrane protein PMP34/SLC25A17 as a new target of TMI-1. PMP34 is a transmembrane transporter of different cofactors required for peroxisome function. We demonstrate here that TMI-1 directly binds to PMP34 and increases the interaction between PMP34 and PEX19, a chaperone protein involved in peroxisome assembly and biology while RNAi experiments revealed that PMP34 is essential for tumor cell viability. Finally, TMI-1 treatment of tumor cells induces modification of peroxisome protein composition and increases the level PMP70/ABCD3 protein. High PMP70 level in peroxisome increases fatty acid $\beta$-oxidation that could lead to cancer cell death. As a result, PMP34 represents a new valuable target in oncology