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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Tsunamis – Prévision"
Novella, Jorge. "Tsunamis météorologiques". La Météorologie, nr 128 (2025): 037. https://doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2025-0010.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Tsunamis – Prévision"
Arias, Mendez Gabriela. "Alerte tsunami à partir de signaux élasto-gravitationnels par apprentissage profond". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5080.
Pełny tekst źródłaAccurate and timely estimation of large earthquake magnitudes is critical to forecast potential tsunamis. Traditional earthquake early warning systems, relying on the early recorded seismic (P) waves, provide fast magnitude (Mw) estimates but typically saturate for Mw ≥ 7.5 events, making them unfit for tsunami warning. Alternative systems, relying on the later W phase or on geodetic signals, provide more accurate unsaturated magnitude estimates, to the cost of much slower warning, and therefore much shorter warning times. In this context, we explore the potential of prompt elastogravity signals (PEGS). PEGS propagate at the speed of light, are sensitive to the magnitude and focal mechanism of the earthquake and do not saturate for very large events. In order to rapidly leverage the information contained in these very low-amplitude signals we use a deep learning approach. We first train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to estimate the magnitude and location of an earthquake based on synthetic PEGS augmented with empirical noise (recorded by actual seismometers). Tested on real data along the chilean subduction zone, we show that it would have estimated correctly the magnitude of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake. Nevertheless, the approach appears to be limited to Mw ≥ 8.7 events in this context. We then use a Graph Neural Network (GNN) designed to improve the performance of the CNN. We show that the GNN can be used to rapidly estimate the magnitude of Mw ≥ 8.3 events in Peru. Finally, we implement the model in the early warning system of Peru (as a complement of the current earthquake early warning system) and test its operational use for tsunami warning in simulated real time
Becerril, Carlos Ernesto. "Développement de la mesure acoustique distribuée (DAS) à basse fréquence pour la détection des tsunamis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5078.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo date, an effective Tsunami Early-Warning System (TEWS) at a global scale is not yet in place. This reflects a proverbial challenge in geosciences: To instrument the world's ocean floors and conduct long-term observations with sufficient spatial and temporal coverage. A paradigm in the form of a novel photonic technology has been proposed for truly multi-scale monitoring, whilst keeping costs relatively low. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) uses optical fibers themselves to measure the spatial distribution of environmental properties along every point of the optic fiber. By leveraging the more than one million kilometers of optical fiber laid across the continents and oceans, the scientific community stands to gain permanent, global monitoring network of densely-spaced, highly sensitive single-component sensors, capable of providing continuous real-time data. Although it's been shown that DAS is capable of recording long-period oceanographic phenomena such as tides and gravity waves waves, and empirical observations of sensitivity to seafloor pressure variations; the pressure detection mechanism in DAS remains to be quantitatively described.Within this context, this thesis aims to provide a proof-of-concept of a specific DAS architecture (phase-sensitive detection employing chirped laser pulses) suitable for TEWS applications. Towards this objective, this work assessed the sensitivity required, and considers DAS instrument performance to ascertain detection of tsunami waves. A derived model of the expected seafloor strains potentially induced by tsunami waves is presented and finds seafloor compliance and the Poisson effect on the cable as the primary mechanisms through which DAS is anticipated to record the passage of tsunami waves. The analysis of the derived model is supported by fully coupled 3-D physics-based simulations of earthquake rupture, seismo-acoustic waves and tsunami wave propagation. Furthermore, as most instrumentation, the sensitivity at low frequencies is primarily hindered by 1/f instrument noise. This work identifies several enhancements in the opto-electronic hardware towards reducing instrument noise, and increase of sensitivity to low-frequency signals relevant to tsunami signals, specifically in the 1-10 mHz regime. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulations presented in this work point to the real possibility of detecting tsunami waves using fiber optic cables
Zedek, Florian. "Localisation de la déformation co-sismique par sondage ionosphérique multi-GNSS". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5026.
Pełny tekst źródłaLarge subduction earthquakes, located in land-sea interface zones, generate the most destructive tsunamis. In areas with little protective equipment, such as Japan, the safety of populations relies entirely on preventive measures and effective tsunami warning systems, fed in real time by observation data. This thesis aims to contribute to the latter aspects. Conventional tsunami warning methods are based on remote sensing and seismic wave analysis for rapid estimation of the generating source parameters, namely the earthquake parameters. Initial assessments of the tsunami threat are ideally complemented by in-situ detection of the wave and measurement of its height by pressure sensors. Rapid, reliable information is critical for predicting the risk of flooding in coastal areas, both in near- and far-field.The presented research works aim at providing rapid, independent and inexpensive information to feed tsunami warning systems. Indeed, above the location where a tsunami is initiated by an earthquake, the sea-surface initial uplift produces an imprint in the ionosphere that can be monitored using GNSS technology. I am interested in assessing the tsunamigenic potential of an earthquake by locating the origin of the atmospheric disturbance. This manuscript focuses in particular on the acoustic disturbance revealed by GNSS sounding of the ionosphere, and develops a technique applicable to data collected by a single GNSS station. The networks of permanent GNSS stations deployed around the world thus make it possible to obtain opportunity measurements that do not require the development of dedicated infrastructures. By studying these signals and modeling an acoustic disturbance propagating towards the upper atmosphere, I show in this manuscript that observations from a relatively close (<500km) from the source, dual-frequency multi-GNSS station can be used to estimate the location of the disturbance's origin on the earth's surface. Finally, in the context of the rise of multi-GNSS station networks, I discuss the potential of this innovative method for tsunami warning
Basquin, Élise. "Cartographie du risque de tsunami sur le littoral méditerranéen du Maroc : exemple de la plaine de Martil". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUL094.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe risk of tsunamis in the Alboran Sea receives little media coverage and is little known to the general public. In this western basin of the Mediterranean Sea, the geological context is conducive to the occurrence of submarine landslides that has the potential to cause tsunamis. The consequences of these sudden, powerful events could be disastrous for the Moroccan and Spanish coastlines, given the short reaction time that such an event provides and the extreme nature of the disasters in 2004 (Indian Ocean) and 2011 (Japan).The need to anticipate their potential consequences on the northern Moroccan coastline, which is currently undergoing intense socio-economic development, is therefore justified by the weight of this latent threat and the importance of the issues at stake. In a context of strengthening natural risk management in Morocco, both in terms of prevention and crisis management, adequately calibrating the means to respond to the risk of a tsunami requires an assessment of the vulnerability of Moroccan society. Chosen as a case study, the town of Martil reflects the territorial changes and socio-economic dynamics of Morocco's northern coastline, where a tsunami would have dramatic consequences.This study assesses the tsunami inundation hazard and vulnerability of Martil using a cartographic atlas, the first of its kind for Morocco's Mediterranean coastline. It analyses inundation for two tsunami scenarios generated by submarine landslides of 0.9 km³ and 3.8 km³ using GIS and numerical modelling methods. Martil, located on a coastal plain, is particularly susceptible to flooding, especially on the seafront and in low-lying areas. A comparison of the results of the models with the local development plan shows that uncontrolled urban growth focused on tourism is increasing the town's vulnerability. Martil's crisis management system shows a limited capacity to deal with a disaster, with major potential dysfunctions in its social, cultural, educational, religious and economic activities. Using national databases, this study estimates potential business losses for each scenario, showing that the economic concentration on services in the tourism sector exacerbates the vulnerability of a city already suffering from socio-economic disparities. This study opens the possibility of applying this methodology to other towns on the northern Moroccan coast, where a tsunami risk assessment would also appear to be necessary
Książki na temat "Tsunamis – Prévision"
Advanced Remote Sensing Technology for Tsunami Modelling and Forecasting. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaMarghany, Maged. Advanced Remote Sensing Technology for Tsunami Modelling and Forecasting. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaMarghany, Maged. Advanced Remote Sensing Technology for Tsunami Modelling and Forecasting. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła