Artykuły w czasopismach: „Tropical dry-forest community”

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Haber, W. A., i G. W. Frankie. "A Tropical Hawkmoth Community: Costa Rican Dry Forest Sphingidae". Biotropica 21, nr 2 (czerwiec 1989): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388706.

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Walker, Susan, i Alan Rabinowitz. "The small-mammal community of a dry-tropical forest in central Thailand". Journal of Tropical Ecology 8, nr 01 (luty 1992): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740000609x.

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ABSTRACTSmall mammal live-trapping was carried out in a dry tropical forest mosaic in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, central Thailand. Trapping was done in two forest types in three seasons.Maxomys surijerwas the dominant species in both plots. The three most abundant species in each plot accounted for > 90% of all captures. Community structure, density, relative abundance, biomass, age structure of populations, and habitat usage of some small mammal species varied by forest type and season. The dry evergreen/mixed deciduous forest type supported a greater abundance and biomass of small mammals than the mixed deciduous/dry dipterocarp forest type in all seasons, although species richness was the same. The greatest density, biomass, and home-range size forMaxomys surijeroccurred in the rainy season in both forest types. Seasonal changes in ratios of adults and subadulls of several species suggested a breeding peak at the end of the dry season or beginning of the rainy season. The mixed deciduous/dry dipterocarp forest showed a drastic drop in numbers, density, and biomass of small mammals six weeks after a fire burned through it.

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Singh, Ashutosh Kumar, Apurva Rai, R. Banyal, Puneet Singh Chauhan i Nandita Singh. "Plant community regulates soil multifunctionality in a tropical dry forest". Ecological Indicators 95 (grudzień 2018): 953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.08.030.

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PRASAD, AYESHA E. "Tree community change in a tropical dry forest: the role of roads and exotic plant invasion". Environmental Conservation 36, nr 3 (wrzesień 2009): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892909990257.

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SUMMARYAmong the most endangered tropical ecosystems, tropical dry forests are threatened by degradation that includes edge effects arising from perturbations such as the creation and maintenance of roads and other clearings. While much is known about these adverse effects on tree communities in tropical moist forests, similar effects in tropical dry forests are little understood. This paper examines the relationship between roads, road-related exotic plant invasion and tree community change in a tropical dry forest in southern India. Forty pairs of roadside and interior plots across four factorial combinations of road width (wide and narrow) and understorey type (native and exotic) were sampled. Tree death and extant tree community composition were compared using generalized linear models and similarity analyses. Tree death near roads was more than double that away from them, suggesting that roads may increase tree death in these forests. The interactive effect of understorey type (exotic or native) and road width on tree death was significant, with highest tree death near wide roads bordered by exotic understorey. Conversely, tree community composition was influenced by road width and understorey type, but not by proximity to roads. Creation and maintenance of roads for forest management may have serious implications for tree communities in tropical dry forests and should thus be minimized. Exotic plants may also be important contributors to increasing tree death, and further research on their impacts, particularly into underlying mechanisms, is critical to the long-term conservation of tropical dry forest communities.

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Apgaua, Deborah Mattos Guimarães, Polyanne Aparecida Coelho, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Paola Ferreira Santos i Ary Teixeira de Oliveira-Filho. "Tree community structure in a seasonally dry tropical forest remnant, Brazil". CERNE 20, nr 2 (czerwiec 2014): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760.201420021540.

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Most studies on Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTFs) investigate phytogeographic patterns and floristic connections of this disjunct biome. However, little is known about the structural characteristics of SDTFs. We aimed to describe the structure of a SDTF in an ecotonal area between the Cerrado and Caatinga domains. In total, 79 tree species were recorded, and high values of Shannon diversity index (3.6 nats/individual) and equability (0.83) were observed. The diameter distribution for the species with higher cover values and for the entire community did not exhibit a reverse-J shaped distribution, which indicates the occurrence of different growth strategies and ecological adaptations to water stress. The results did not indicate the formation of floristic groups, as the high soil fertility in the study area results in a homogeneous environment. The structural characteristics of the study area associated with the soil composition highlight its importance for conservation and emphasize the need for community structure studies in SDTFs.

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Barrantes, Gilbert, Diego Ocampo, José D. Ramírez-Fernández i Eric J. Fuchs. "Effect of fragmentation on the Costa Rican dry forest avifauna". PeerJ 4 (13.09.2016): e2422. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2422.

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Deforestation and changes in land use have reduced the tropical dry forest to isolated forest patches in northwestern Costa Rica. We examined the effect of patch area and length of the dry season on nestedness of the entire avian community, forest fragment assemblages, and species occupancy across fragments for the entire native avifauna, and for a subset of forest dependent species. Species richness was independent of both fragment area and distance between fragments. Similarity in bird community composition between patches was related to habitat structure; fragments with similar forest structure have more similar avian assemblages. Size of forest patches influenced nestedness of the bird community and species occupancy, but not nestedness of assemblages across patches in northwestern Costa Rican avifauna. Forest dependent species (species that require large tracts of mature forest) and assemblages of these species were nested within patches ordered by a gradient of seasonality, and only occupancy of species was nested by area of patches. Thus, forest patches with a shorter dry season include more forest dependent species.

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de Assis, Daniele Magna Azevedo, Mayara Alice Correia de Melo, Danielle Karla Alves da Silva, Fritz Oehl i Gladstone Alves da Silva. "Assemblages of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tropical humid and dry forests in the Northeast of Brazil". Botany 96, nr 12 (grudzień 2018): 859–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2018-0068.

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Tropical forests concentrate most of the world’s biodiversity. In the Northeast of Brazil it is possible to record mosaics of tropical dry and moist forests growing nearby but with completely different biotic and abiotic characteristics. These forests are constantly threatened by intense environmental devastation that affect not only above-ground communities but also those hidden below-ground, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which act in maintaining ecosystem balance. This work aimed to determine the composition of native AMF communities in areas of humid forest (HF) and dry forest (DF) in northeastern Brazil. A total of 70 taxa of AMF were identified in the study areas, with Acaulospora (17) and Glomus (16) being the most representative genera. The sampling effort allowed the evaluation of 70%–73% of the species estimated for the areas. AMF communities differed between HF and DF areas. Species of the genus Glomus occurred predominantly in humid forest areas, whereas representatives of the order Gigasporales were associated more specifically with the dry forest area. Four soil attributes showed approximately 50% correlation with the composition of the AMF community (silt, clay, K, and CEC). Humid and dry forest areas presented a high diversity of AMF, and the soil properties were an important factor for the community composition of these fungi.

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Haug, Ingeborg, Sabrina Setaro i Juan Pablo Suárez. "Global AM fungi are dominating mycorrhizal communities in a tropical premontane dry forest in Laipuna, South Ecuador". Mycological Progress 20, nr 6 (czerwiec 2021): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01699-4.

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AbstractTropical dry forests are an intricate ecosystem with special adaptations to periods of drought. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are essential for plant survival in all terrestrial ecosystems but might be of even greater importance in dry forests as plant growth is limited due to nutrient and water deficiency during the dry season. Tropical dry forests in Ecuador are highly endangered, but studies about AMF communities are scarce. We investigated the AMF community of a premontane semi-deciduous dry forest in South Ecuador during the dry season. We estimated AMF diversity, distribution, and composition of the study site based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and compared the results to those from the tropical montane rainforest and páramo in South Ecuador. OTU delimitation was based on part of the small ribosomal subunit obtained by cloning and Sanger sequencing. Nearly all OTUs were Glomeraceae. The four frequent OTUs were Glomus, and comparison with the MaarjAM database revealed these to be globally distributed with a wide range of ecological adaptations. Several OTUs are shared with virtual taxa from dry forests in Africa. Ordination analysis of AMF communities from the tropical dry and montane rainforests in South Ecuador revealed a unique AMF community in the dry forest with only few overlapping OTUs. Most OTUs that were found in both dry and rainforests and on the two continents were globally distributed Glomus.

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Dugaya, Dharmendra, PV Kiran, Rajnish Kumar Singh, Manmeet Kaur i Pradeep Chaudhry. "Phytosociological observations on tree species diversity of an urban tropical dry deciduous forest of central India". Advances in Forestry Science 7, nr 3 (3.11.2020): 1029–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.34062/afs.v7i3.10252.

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We analyzed phytosociological characteristics of a tropical dry deciduous forest located in an urban environment of Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) Campus in the capital city of Bhopal of Madhya Pradesh state, Central India. A Comparison has been made among the tree community characteristics during the years 1988, 2002 and 2020 in terms of tree species composition, stem density, basal area and Importance Value Index (IVI). At the time of establishment of the institute in 1988, the forest area resembleda degraded dry scrubland. Due to continuous care/protection, plantation activities, degraded forest recovered remarkably, ecological processes evolved favorably with canopy cover reaching over 60% in some patches and about 50% in general over most part of the campus. During last two decades, tree density increased from 319 to 525 stem ha-1 indicating an increase of 64% whereas basal area increased from 18470.79 cm2 ha-1 to 29782.31 cm2 ha-1,an increase of about 61%. Leguminaceae family represented 26.4% of the tree community followed by Combretaceae (11.76%). Shannon-Weiner index (1.31), Simpson index (0.93) and evenness index (0.85) are within the reported ranges for similar forest type of dry deciduous nature in India. Theresults of the presentstudy will help forest managers in conservation planning of urban tropical forest ecosystem of central India.

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Subedi, Suresh C., Michael S. Ross, Jay P. Sah, Jed Redwine i Christopher Baraloto. "Trait‐based community assembly pattern along a forest succession gradient in a seasonally dry tropical forest". Ecosphere 10, nr 4 (kwiecień 2019): e02719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2719.

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Oliveira, Diogo Gallo, Ana Paula do Nascimento Prata, Leandro Sousa Souto i Robério Anastácio Ferreira. "Does the edge effect influence plant community structure in a tropical dry forest?" Revista Árvore 37, nr 2 (kwiecień 2013): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622013000200012.

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Edge effects are considered a key factor in regulating the structure of plant communities in different ecosystems. However, regardless to few studies, edge influence does not seem to be decisive in semiarid regions such as the Brazilian tropical dry forest known as Caatinga but this issue remains inconclusive. The present study tests the null hypothesis that the plant community of shrubs and trees does not change in its structure due to edge effects. Twenty-four plots (20 x 20 m) were set up in a fragment of Caatinga, in which 12 plots were in the forest edges and 12 plots were inside the fragment. Tree richness, abundance and species composition did not differ between edge and interior plots. The results of this study are in agreement with the pattern previously found for semiarid environments and contrasts with previous results obtained in different environments such as Rainforests, Savanna and Forest of Araucaria, which indicate abrupt differences between the border and interior of the plant communities in these ecosystems, and suggest that the community of woody plants of the Caatinga is not ecologically affected by the presence of edges.

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Latta, Steven C., Nathan L. Brouwer, Danilo A. Mejía i Maria M. Paulino. "Avian community characteristics and demographics reveal how conservation value of regenerating tropical dry forest changes with forest age". PeerJ 6 (10.07.2018): e5217. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5217.

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Expansion of secondary forests following the abandonment of agriculture may have important implications for bird conservation, but few studies have examined the dynamics of this process. We studied bird use of a chronosequence of differently-aged abandoned pastures regenerating to dry forest to better understand how the value of these habitats to birds changes over time. In a five year study on Hispaniola, we recorded 7,315 net captures of 60 species of landbirds in sites that began the study at two, five, 10, and 20 years post-abandonment, and in mature native dry forest. Twenty-five species made up 97% of all net captures. Highest capture rates were in the two youngest sites. These early-successional habitats had many over-wintering Neotropical migrants; among residents, granivores and frugivores predominated. In contrast, both the twenty-year-old and mature forest sites had few migrants, more resident insectivores and omnivorous species, and a greater proportion of endemics. Age and sex ratios, body condition and site persistence suggest early successional sites were sub-optimal for most over-wintering migrants, but habitat improved with age for three migratory species; results for permanent residents varied among species. Remnant trees and understory shrubs in the agroecological matrix likely contributed to avian diversity in regenerating dry forest sites, and proximity to mature forest also likely affected the diversity and abundance of birds in regenerating habitat. Our study shows that regenerating forests do not fully compensate for loss of mature dry forest habitat, even after 24 years of regeneration; natural restoration of complex microhabitats in dry forest sites converted to agriculture may take decades or longer. The highest value of regenerating forests may be as habitat for some over-wintering Neotropical migrants, and in creating a buffer zone that enhances biodiversity conservation by re-integrating these lands into the protected tracts of mature forest needed by the islands more unique and endemic bird species.

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Benítez-Malvido, Julieta, Julio César Gallardo-Vásquez, Mariana Y. Alvarez-Añorve i Luis Daniel Avila-Cabadilla. "Influence of matrix type on tree community assemblages along tropical dry forest edges". American Journal of Botany 101, nr 5 (maj 2014): 820–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1300396.

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Vivek, Pandi, i Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy. "Liana community and functional trait analysis in tropical dry evergreen forest of India". Journal of Plant Ecology 8, nr 5 (10.12.2014): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtu031.

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Romero Saritama, José Miguel, i César Pérez-Rúiz. "Rasgos morfológicos regenerativos en una comunidad de especies leñosas en un bosque seco tropical tumbesino". Revista de Biología Tropical 64, nr 2 (13.05.2016): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i2.20090.

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The study of functional morphological traits enables us to know fundamental aspects of the dynamics of plant communities in local and global habitats. Regenerative morphological traits play an important role in defining plant history and ecological behavior. Seed and fruit characteristics determine to a large extent the patterns for dispersal, germination, establishment and seedling recruitment a given species exhibits on its natural habitat. Despite their prominent role, seed and fruit traits have been poorly studied at the community level of woody plant species in neo-tropical dry forests. In the present study we aimed at i) evaluate the functional role of morphological traits of seeds, fruits and embryo in woody plant species; ii) determine which are the morphological patterns present in seeds collected from the community of woody species that occur in neo-tropical dry forests; and iii) compare woody plant species seed mass values comparatively between neo-tropical dry and tropical forests. To do so, mature seeds were collected from 79 plant species that occur in the Tumbesian forest of Southwest Ecuador. The studied species included the 42 and 37 most representative tree and shrubbery species of the Tumbesian forest respectively. A total of 18 morphological traits (seven quantitative and 11 qualitative) were measured and evaluated in the seeds, fruits and embryos of the selected species, and we compared the seeds mass with other forest types. Our results showed a huge heterogeneity among traits values in the studied species. Seed mass, volume and number were the traits that vary the most at the community level, i.e. seed length ranged from 1.3 to 39 mm, and seed width from 0.6 to 25 mm. Only six embryo types were found among the 79 plant species. In 40 % of the cases, fully developed inverted embryos with large and thick cotyledons to store considerable amount of nutrients were recorded. We concluded that highly variable and functionally complementary morphological traits occur among the studied woody plants of the dry Tumbesian forest. The latter favors a plethora of behavioral mechanisms to coexist among woody species of the dry forest in response to the environmental stress that is typical of arid areas.

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Ramírez, Nelson. "Temporal variation of pollination classes in a tropical Venezuelan plain: the importance of habitats and life forms". Canadian Journal of Botany 84, nr 3 (marzec 2006): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-015.

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Pollination of a total of 155 plant species was evaluated monthly in relation to flowering phenology, habitats, and life forms in the Venezuelan Central Plain. The relationships between flowering phenology and pollinating agent classes and their abundance were evaluated. The total number of pollinating agent classes was significantly correlated with the number of plant species for habitats and life forms, and at the community level. The number of pollinating agent classes did not change statistically with respect to flowering phenology for life form, habitats, and overall community, but the number of pollinting agent classes increased from the dry season to the rainy season for overall community and habitats, except for forest. The abundance of pollinating agents was significantly affected by flowering time. A cluster analysis revealed that the abundance of pollinating agent classes differed throughout the year, separating the dry and rainy seasons. Two trends were found in the temporal pattern of the nine pollinating agents: (1) nonseasonal, in which flowering of bat- and bird-pollinated species did not change drastically throughout the year; and (2) seasonal, in which the number of bee-, butterfly-, fly-, wasp-, moth-, beetle-, and wind-pollinated species changed throughout the year, increasing from the dry to the rainy season at the community level. The number of pollinating bees, butterflies, flies, and wasps peaked during the dry season for trees and shrubs, and therefore for forest. The number of moth-pollinated species increased from the mid-dry season to the rainy season, with a peak during the dry–rainy transition period. Beetle- and wind-pollinated species are phenologically concentrated in the rainy season: beetle-pollinated species were mainly in the forest and forest–savanna transition, and wind-pollinated species were associated with herbaceous species in savanna and disturbed areas. The distribution of pollinating agents was affected by seasonality in habitats and life forms. Therefore, life form may be considered a proximate element, reducing interference in the pollination process at the community level.

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Andrade, Juliana Ramos de, Clarissa Gomes Reis Lopes, Kleber Andrade da Silva, Josiene Maria Falcão Fraga dos Santos, Elifábia Neves de Lima, Priscila Silva dos Santos Cabral Sales, Bruno Ayron de Souza Aguiar i in. "Short timescale regeneration in a tropical dry forest in Brazil". Research, Society and Development 11, nr 5 (7.04.2022): e29411527880. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i5.27880.

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The Tropical dry forests cover large regions of the world and have been extensively altered by human activities. This study was aimed at characterizing and comparing the density, diversity and structural parameters of a human-altered secondary dry within an interval of five years of regeneration. Two hundred plots were established in the forest and two monitoring surveys were carried out, with interval of five years between them. All individuals in each plot with diameter at the ground level ≥ 3 cm were measured. After five years, no differences were observed in the number of species. Total density and mean basal area decreased, as a result of the maturation of the forest and possibly due to a prolonged drought in 2012. In 2008, the total basal area was 10.59 m².ha-1, increasing to 11.01 m².ha-1 in 2013. The mean height of the community did not increase significantly, from 3.59 m in 2008 to 3.65 min 2013. The number of individuals in the larger diameter classes reduced between 2008 and 2013, while the opposite was observed for smaller classes. Some structural parameters increased or decreased depending on the group of species analyzed and there was still a group that did not present significant changes. Therefore, age since abandonment can affect the regeneration process and the resilience of the forest. We realized, the speed in which these alterations occurred in an interval of five years can be considered slow and changes in the recovery process of a 16-year-old forest may not be detected.

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Reyes-García, C., M. Mejia-Chang i H. Griffiths. "High but not dry: diverse epiphytic bromeliad adaptations to exposure within a seasonally dry tropical forest community". New Phytologist 193, nr 3 (8.11.2011): 745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03946.x.

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Laurance, William F. "Forest-climate interactions in fragmented tropical landscapes". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, nr 1443 (29.03.2004): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1430.

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In the tropics, habitat fragmentation alters forest–climate interactions in diverse ways. On a local scale (less than 1 km), elevated desiccation and wind disturbance near fragment margins lead to sharply increased tree mortality, thus altering canopy–gap dynamics, plant community composition, biomass dynamics and carbon storage. Fragmented forests are also highly vulnerable to edge–related fires, especially in regions with periodic droughts or strong dry seasons. At landscape to regional scales (10–1000 km), habitat fragmentation may have complex effects on forest–climate interactions, with important consequences for atmospheric circulation, water cycling and precipitation. Positive feedbacks among deforestation, regional climate change and fire could pose a serious threat for some tropical forests, but the details of such interactions are poorly understood.

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Becknell, Justin M., i Jennifer S. Powers. "Stand age and soils as drivers of plant functional traits and aboveground biomass in secondary tropical dry forest". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, nr 6 (czerwiec 2014): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0331.

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The distribution of tropical forest biomass across the landscape is poorly understood, particularly in increasingly common secondary tropical forests. We studied the landscape-scale distribution of edaphic properties, plant community characteristics, and aboveground biomass (AGB) in secondary tropical dry forests in northwest Costa Rica. We used structural equation modeling to examine conceptual models of relationships among these factors, with data from 84 0.1 ha plots. Stand age and soils explained 33%–60% of the variation in community-weighted mean values of foliar traits including specific leaf area, foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, and δ13C. Aboveground biomass ranged from 1.7 to 409 Mg·ha−1 among plots between 5 and >100 years old. Stand age alone explained 46% of the variation in AGB among plots, while a model including age, soil pH, traits, and forest type explained 58%. Stand age was the most important variable explaining the distribution of AGB and community characteristics in secondary forests. We speculate that plot size, landscape heterogeneity, disturbance history, and stand dynamics contribute to the unexplained variation in AGB across the landscape.

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Nanda, A., H. Prakasha, Y. Krishna Murthy i H. Suresh. "Phenology of a tropical dry forest: Study from Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, Peninsular India". Indian Journal of Forestry 33, nr 2 (1.06.2010): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2010-3v5z1h.

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Community wide pattern in both vegetative and reproductive phenologies among various species in dry deciduous forest of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary is reported here. Factors influencing the phenology and seasonality of phenological events are discussed. Phenological patterns observed in Bhadra were in conformity with patterns described in other dry forests of India. A quantitative measure of seasonality in various phenophases is provided.

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Khurana, Poonam. "Community structure and diversity of a tropical dry deciduous forest of Hastinapur region, India". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 1, nr 2 (1.12.2009): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v1i2.61.

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The present study deals with quantitative analysis of vegetation of forest area in Hastinapur, India. A total 3 sites were selected for the study. The values of density and total basal area for different species ranged from 0.5 Ind100m-2 to 2.2 and 16.50 cm2tree-1 to 1055.0cm2tree-1. Most of the species on different sites were randomly and regularly distributed, none of the species were found with contagious distribution. The values of Cd and H’ were ranged from 0.003 to 0.035 and 0.000 to 0.014.

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Carrington, Mary E., Michael S. Ross i Alia F. Basit. "Posthurricane Seedling Structure in a Multi-aged Tropical Dry Forest: Implications for Community Succession". Biotropica 47, nr 5 (wrzesień 2015): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12244.

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Habel, Jan Christian, Elisabeth Koc, Roland Gerstmeier, Axel Gruppe, Sebastian Seibold i Werner Ulrich. "Insect diversity across an afro-tropical forest biodiversity hotspot". Journal of Insect Conservation 25, nr 2 (10.02.2021): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-021-00293-z.

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Abstract Tropical forests host a remarkable proportion of global arthropod diversity. Yet, arthropod communities living in tropical forests are still poorly studied, particularly for dry forests of Eastern Africa. The aim of this study was to analyse community structures, species richness and relative abundances of insects across a heterogeneous forest consisting of various forest types. We collected insects in the lower canopies with light traps across the Arabuko Sokoke forest, part of the East African coastal forest biodiversity hotspot in southeast Kenya. Sampling was conducted across three forest types and along the forest edge. In total we collected > 250,000 individuals. We grouped these individuals into orders, and beetles into (sub)families. Representatives of the taxonomically well-known beetle families Cerambycidae, Tenebrionidae and Scolytinae were further determined to species level. We subsequently classified these groups into guilds according to their ecological requirements and life-histories. Relative abundances of arthropods strongly differed among taxonomic groups and forest types. Evenness was highest in the heterogeneous natural Brachystegia forest type. The mixed forest type and the forest edges showed intermediate degrees of evenness, while the structurally homogenous Cynometra forest showed comparatively low degrees of evenness. Implications for insect conservation We found that taxonomic and guild compositions strongly differed among the forest types. Our findings reveal that structural heterogeneity of a forest is the major driver of insect diversity, community composition, and relative abundance. Our study underlines that the preservation of all three forest types is crucial to maintain the complete diversity of arthropods across all taxonomic groups.

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Sánchez Montenegro, Juan Pablo, Katherine Pérez Castillo, Mario Fernando Garcés Restrepo i Alan Giraldo. "Bird assemble associated to two landscape units in a tropical dry forest". Boletín Científico Centro de Museos Museo de Historia Natural 21, nr 2 (1.07.2017): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2017.21.2.8.

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The transformation of ecosystems through human activities can affect the biological and ecological processes of bird species, and can even lead to groups of species becoming isolated due to deforestation, causing a decrease in genetic diversity and the extirpation of species. To evaluate the composition and structure of bird communities associated with the tropical dry forest ecosystem in the Guarinocito jurisdiction (La Victoria, Caldas) we identified two landscape units: a forest area (dry forest matrix) and an interfered area (matrix of lands), presenting human intervention such as roads and grassland systems. Point counts of 10 min long were carried out in each unit to survey birds between 06:00 and 09:00 hours and between 16:00 and 18:00 hours. Mist nets were set up to complete the species record. Three four-day long sampling trips were carried out in April 2013, November 2013, and October 2014 to consider the seasonal variability that affects the environmental conditions in the study area. The sampling representativeness was evaluated using non-parametric estimates. All observed or captured individuals were assigned to a trophic guild in order to evaluate the community structure in the two established landscape units. A total of 1,005 individuals from 36 families and 127 species were recorded. The most abundant species were Thraupis episcopus (7.36%) and Sicalis flaveola (6.77%). Sample representativeness ranged from 68.18% (Jack 2) to 86.03% (Bootstrap). Although no significant differences between the two landscape units were detected (THutchinson=1.59, p=0.81), species diversity was higher in the forested area than in the intervened area. The dominant trophic guild in both landscape units was that of insectivorous birds. No significant differences in bird community trophic structure were found between the two landscape units (X 2 =14.60, p=0.33). The size, shape, or intervention history of the fragments could have resulted in a lack of differences in the structure and composition of the avifauna in the two landscape units.

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Albuquerque, Ulysses Paulino de, Laise de Holanda Cavalcanti Andrade i Ana Carolina Oliveira de Silva. "Use of plant resources in a seasonal dry forest (Northeastern Brazil)". Acta Botanica Brasilica 19, nr 1 (marzec 2005): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062005000100004.

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To study the use of plant resources by a rural community in a seasonal dry forest, plots were established in a disturbed area and in a relatively preserved area. The study was carried out in caatinga vegetation located at the municipality of Alagoinha (08º27'59" S and 36º46'33" W), state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. The results show a pattern of medicinal resources offering similar to that found in other tropical forests, in which the disturbed areas or those of secondary vegetation are a major source of medicinal plants. Nevertheless, a new pattern was evidenced as it was found that disturbed areas are not preferred by local people, and that it may be related to temporal availability of resources (adaptation to the characteristic seasonality of the vegetation type) and to the permanence of cultural values and basic knowledge on plants of the natural vegetation, which are of major importance for the community.

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SAHU, Sudam Charan, H. S. SURESH i N. H. RAVINDRANATH. "Forest Structure, Composition and Above Ground Biomass of Tree Community in Tropical Dry Forests of Eastern Ghats, India". Notulae Scientia Biologicae 8, nr 1 (16.03.2016): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb819746.

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The study of biomass, structure and composition of tropical forests implies also the investigation of forest productivity, protection of biodiversity and removal of CO2 from the atmosphere via C-stocks. The hereby study aimed at understanding the forest structure, composition and above ground biomass (AGB) of tropical dry deciduous forests of Eastern Ghats, India, where as a total of 128 sample plots (20 x 20 meters) were laid. The study showed the presence of 71 tree species belonging to 57 genera and 30 families. Dominant tree species was Shorea robusta with an importance value index (IVI) of 40.72, while Combretaceae had the highest family importance value (FIV) of 39.01. Mean stand density was 479 trees ha-1 and a basal area of 15.20 m2 ha-1. Shannon’s diversity index was 2.01 ± 0.22 and Simpson’s index was 0.85 ± 0.03. About 54% individuals were in the size between 10 and 20 cm DBH, indicating growing forests. Mean above ground biomass value was 98.87 ± 68.8 Mg ha-1. Some of the dominant species that contributed to above ground biomass were Shorea robusta (17.2%), Madhuca indica (7.9%), Mangifera indica (6.9%), Terminalia alata (6.9%) and Diospyros melanoxylon (4.4%), warranting extra efforts for their conservation. The results suggested that C-stocks of tropical dry forests can be enhanced by in-situ conserving the high C-density species and also by selecting these species for afforestation and stand improvement programs. Correlations were computed to understand the relationship between above ground biomass, diversity indices, density and basal area, which may be helpful for implementation of REDD+ (reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and foster conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) scheme.

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Medina-García, Consuelo, Alejandro Velázquez, Joaquin Giménez de Azcárate, Miguel Ángel Macías-Rodríguez, Alejandra Larrazábal, Luis Fernando Gopar-Merino, Faustino López-Barrera i Azucena Pérez-Vega. "Phytosociology of a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in the State of Michoacán, Mexico". Botanical Sciences 98, nr 4 (6.10.2020): 441–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2568.

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Background: seasonally dry tropical forests are considered critical and important ecosystems because they harbor exceptional biological diversity. Mexico lacks sound phytosociological studies of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest and Michoacán is no exception. The present study may be regarded the first phytosociological in most of the Mexican pacific coast where seasonally dry tropical forests occurs. Questions/Objective: We aimed at describing the representative plant associations of the seasonally dry tropical forest, distributed on western Michoacán and to provide a sintaxonomic classification framework based on the floristic differentiation of the recognized communities and highlight its phytocenotic diversity. Study site and dates: Estado de Michoacán; 20 years. Methods: A total of 82 phytosociological inventories were conducted. Data were submitted to multivariate two-way indicator species analyses to depict plant communities and their ecological affinities. Results: From its analysis and interpretation, nine plant groups were differentiated, of which all but one was given the rank of association, which are Lysilomo acapulcensis–Heliocarpetum terebinthinacei, Ceibo aesculifoliae–Lysilometum divaricatae, Caesalpinio platylobae-Cordietum elaeagnoidis, Cochlospermo vitifolii-Lueheetum candidae, Lysilomo divaricatae-Cordietum elaeagnoidis; Stenocereo quevedonis-Cordietum selerianae, Guazumo ulmifoliae-Cordietum elaeagnoidis¸ Lonchocarpo huetamoensis-Cordietum elaeagnoidis and the community of Spondias purpurea-Cochlospermum vitifolium. Conclusions: Comparative floristic and structural profiles among plant communities permitted us to distinguish their bioclimatic relationships. Diagnostic species representative of all plant associations were selected and used for sintaxonomic nomenclature. Plant associations were finally array along bioclimatic and altitudinal gradients and showed in arranged phytosociological tables. The plant association/community’descriptions permitted to compare structural physiognomy, floristic composition, ecological affinities, distribution patterns and bioclimatic liaison among them.

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Santos, Cleandson Ferreira, i Magno Borges. "Impact of livestock on a mosquito community (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Brazilian tropical dry forest". Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 48, nr 4 (sierpień 2015): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0022-2015.

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Bhaskar, Radika, Stephen Porder, Patricia Balvanera i Erika J. Edwards. "Ecological and evolutionary variation in community nitrogen use traits during tropical dry forest secondary succession". Ecology 97, nr 5 (maj 2016): 1194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15-1162.1.

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Buzzard, Vanessa, Catherine M. Hulshof, Trevor Birt, Cyrille Violle i Brian J. Enquist. "Re‐growing a tropical dry forest: functional plant trait composition and community assembly during succession". Functional Ecology 30, nr 6 (19.10.2015): 1006–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12579.

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Razo-León, Alvaro E., Miguel Vásquez-Bolaños, Alejandro Muñoz-Urias i Francisco M. Huerta-Martínez. "Changes in bee community structure (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) under three different land-use conditions". Journal of Hymenoptera Research 66 (31.10.2018): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.66.27367.

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Bee communities were studied with three different conditions of land-use: 1) urban area; 2) crops and livestock; and, 3) preserved vegetation. All three conditions have elements of tropical dry forest and are in the "Sierra de Quila" Flora and Fauna Protection Area and its influence zone. Sampling was carried out throughout the year (three days per month) for each land-use condition. Bee species and their abundance were registered with the intention of knowing how changes in the vegetation are related to bee community structure (richness, abundance, and α and β diversity).A total of 14,054 individuals from 160 species were registered. A rarefaction analysis, showed that the preserved areas had significantly greater richness and diversity. Beta diversity analysis revealed a species turnover of nearly 32% among each pair of conditions. It is concluded that the changes in land-use negatively affect richness and diversity and causes major changes in species composition of the bee community. For this reason, it is recommended that the protection of the tropical dry forest, both for this study area but also in general for Mexico, is essential to guarantee the conservation of this group of insects, which are required for the reproduction of a great number wild and cultivated plant specie.

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Khurana, Ekta, i J. S. Singh. "Ecology of seed and seedling growth for conservation and restoration of tropical dry forest : a review". Environmental Conservation 28, nr 1 (marzec 2001): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000042.

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Dry forests are among the most threatened ecosystems and have been extensively converted into grasslands, secondary forest, savanna or agricultural land. Knowledge of seed germination and seedling establishment is required for the success of efforts on restoration of these forests. This review focuses on the ecological requirements at seed and seedling stages, and collates the current knowledge of seed viability, dormancy, germination pattern and seedling behaviour of dry tropical tree species. The spatio-temporal variations within the tropical dry forest biome in soil moisture, light, temperature, nutrients and intensity of predation, significantly affect the seed and seedling traits of component species. The majority of dry tropical species possess orthodox seeds which are characterized by dormancy, while a few have recalcitrant seeds which possess little or no dormancy. Seed coat dormancy, which can be overcome by mechanical or acid scarification or sometimes by transit through animal guts, is most prevalent in the dry tropical forest species. Persistent species dominating the undisturbed portions of the forest have bigger seeds compared to those that mostly occur in disturbed regions and require shade for the survival of their seedlings. Shade demand is associated with drought endurance, and may be absolute in species such as Guettarda parviflora and Coccoloba microstachya, or facultative as in Plumeria alba and Bursera simaruba. The fluctuation in temperature significantly affects seed germination in several species of dry Afromontane forest trees of Ethiopia. Seedling mortality is primarily a function of moisture stress during the dry period. Adaptive responses of seedlings to drought stress include increased chlorophyll content, for example in Acacia catechu, and root biomass, as in several dry forest species (for example Drypetes parvifolia, Teclia verdoornia) of Ghana. Mulching, application of fertilizers, interplanting of leguminous species and mycorrhizal inoculation are useful tools for promoting seedling establishment in nutrient-poor dry tropical soils. Periodic forest fires, and predation affect recruitment and seedling development according to their intensity. Many species experiencing frequent fires have evolved thick seed coats, produce fire-hardy seedlings, or escape the effect by temporal separation of seed dispersal and fire events. Predation may result in abortion of fruits or may enhance germination and recruitment by scarification and dispersal, as in most species of the Guanacaste dry forest. Exposure to elevated CO2 has increased relative growth rate, total leaf area and water use efficiency in most of the dry tropical seedlings tested, but the magnitude of the effect has varied markedly among species. Due to the availability of a large source of energy, large seeds show higher germination percentage, greater seedling survival and increased growth. Seeds originating from different provenances exhibit differences in germination and seedling growth (for example Prosopis cineraria, Albizia lebbeck, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Acacia mangium), efficiency of nodulation (for example Acacia nilotica, A. auriculiformis), and stress resistance (for example Populus deltoides, Dalbergia sissoo). The review points out the need for coordinated, long-term, field-based studies for identification of multiple cues and niches for germination, on seed and seedling dynamics in response to fire, and on within-species genetic variability for selection of suitable provenances. Field-based studies at species and community levels are also needed to permit manipulations of biotic components to augment the recruitment of desired species and to suppress that of undesirable species.

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Sann, Bo, Mamoru Kanzaki i Seiichi Ohta. "Vegetation patterns and species-filtering effects of soil in secondary succession in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar". Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, nr 2 (26.01.2016): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646741600002x.

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Abstract:We studied the vegetation and soil properties of a dry forest that had once been disturbed in central Myanmar using 30 quadrats (20 × 20 m) established in 2012. For 30 species, the overall density was 706 individuals ha−1, and the basal area was 2.92 m2ha−1. The forest was a mosaic of six community types, each of which was dominated by a single species. Dominant species that were capable of resprouting accounted for 47–78% of the total density and 56–83% of the basal area of the communities. We related seven soil properties to the vegetation patterns using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The CCA results highlighted remarkable associations of species such asAcacia catechu, Dalbergia paniculata, Terminalia oliveriandMillettia multiflorawith soil texture.Acacia inopinatawas associated with a high soil pH (i.e. 9–10), andTerminalia tomentosawas associated with soil hardness. Our results indicate that secondary succession of a dry forest is not initially led by pioneer species, but instead, by superior competitors capable of resprouting, and that species distributions are primarily determined by the filtering effects of edaphic conditions. We believe that the dry-forest species retain their soil–species relationships despite heavy disturbances.

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Bravo, Yanil, Paul E. Hanson, Eduardo Chacón‐Madrigal i Jorge Lobo‐Segura. "Long‐term comparison of the orchid bee community in the tropical dry forest of Costa Rica". Biotropica 54, nr 2 (30.01.2022): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.13067.

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Méndez‐Toribio, Moisés, Guillermo Ibarra‐Manríquez, Horacio Paz i Edwin Lebrija‐Trejos. "Atmospheric and soil drought risks combined shape community assembly of trees in a tropical dry forest". Journal of Ecology 108, nr 4 (26.02.2020): 1347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13355.

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Rabinowitz, Alan R., i Susan R. Walker. "The carnivore community in a dry tropical forest mosaic in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand". Journal of Tropical Ecology 7, nr 1 (luty 1991): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400005034.

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ABSTRACTAn assessment of carnivore species richness and food habits was carried out in a 100 km2 area of dry tropical forest in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Twenty-one carnivore species of five families were found to be feeding on at least 34 mammal species, as well as birds, lizards, snakes, crabs, fish, insects, and fruits. Forty-four percent of the prey identified in faeces of larger carnivores, primarily leopards, consisted of barking deer, Muntiacus muntjak. Sambar deer, macaques, wild boar, porcupine, and hog badger were important secondary prey items. In faeces from small carnivores (< 10kg), murid rodents accounted for 33% of identified food items. The two most frequently encountered mammalian prey species were the yellow rajah rat, Maxomys surifer, and the bay bamboo rat, Cannomys badius. Non-mammal prey accounted for 21.3%, and fruit seeds for 12.4%, of all food items found in small carnivore faeces.

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Morales-Díaz, Sharon Patricia, Mariana Yolotl Alvarez-Añorve, Mayra Edith Zamora-Espinoza, Rodolfo Dirzo, Ken Oyama i Luis Daniel Avila-Cabadilla. "Rodent community responses to vegetation and landscape changes in early successional stages of tropical dry forest". Forest Ecology and Management 433 (luty 2019): 633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.11.037.

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Mercado-Gómez, Yarlenis L., Jorge D. Mercado-Gómez i Carlos E. Giraldo-Sánchez. "What Do Butterflies Tell Us about an Intermediate Disturbance in a Dry Tropical Forest Context?" Diversity 15, nr 8 (14.08.2023): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15080927.

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Montes de María is the best-preserved tropical dry forest fragment in the Colombian Caribbean, making it an ideal location for studying the impacts of human disturbance on local ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed the community structure of diurnal butterflies in both forested and disturbed areas using 16 circular plots to identify relationships between alpha and beta diversity, and the geographic distance between disturbed areas and native forests, using a range of metrics, including range–abundance and rarefaction curves, nonlinear models, and the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index. The results revealed three distinct species assemblages associated with forests, intermediate disturbed areas (IDAs), and disturbed areas (DAs). Nonlinear models show that IDAs are more diverse than forests and DAs. However, forests have more beta diversity in plots than IDAs and DAs. Indicator species for each butterfly assemblage were also identified. Thus, although new butterfly species assemblages emerge from a new human landscape, it is clear that species that only occur within dry forest fragments are lost when forest fragments disappear. Overall, these findings have important implications for conservation efforts and understanding how human disturbance affects biodiversity in tropical ecosystems.

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Power, M. J., B. S. Whitney, F. E. Mayle, D. M. Neves, E. J. de Boer i K. S. Maclean. "Fire, climate and vegetation linkages in the Bolivian Chiquitano seasonally dry tropical forest". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, nr 1696 (5.06.2016): 20150165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0165.

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South American seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) are critically endangered, with only a small proportion of their original distribution remaining. This paper presents a 12 000 year reconstruction of climate change, fire and vegetation dynamics in the Bolivian Chiquitano SDTF, based upon pollen and charcoal analysis, to examine the resilience of this ecosystem to drought and fire. Our analysis demonstrates a complex relationship between climate, fire and floristic composition over multi-millennial time scales, and reveals that moisture variability is the dominant control upon community turnover in this ecosystem. Maximum drought during the Early Holocene, consistent with regional drought reconstructions, correlates with a period of significant fire activity between 8000 and 7000 cal yr BP which resulted in a decrease in SDTF diversity. As fire activity declined but severe regional droughts persisted through the Middle Holocene, SDTFs, including Anadenanthera and Astronium , became firmly established in the Bolivian lowlands. The trend of decreasing fire activity during the last two millennia promotes the idea among forest ecologists that SDTFs are threatened by fire. Our analysis shows that the Chiquitano seasonally dry biome has been more resilient to Holocene changes in climate and fire regime than previously assumed, but raises questions over whether this resilience will continue in the future under increased temperatures and drought coupled with a higher frequency anthropogenic fire regime. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The interaction of fire and mankind’.

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Waring, Bonnie G., Maria G. Gei, Lisa Rosenthal i Jennifer S. Powers. "Plant–microbe interactions along a gradient of soil fertility in tropical dry forest". Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, nr 4 (13.06.2016): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000286.

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Abstract:Theoretical models predict that plant interactions with free-living soil microbes, pathogens and fungal symbionts are regulated by nutrient availability. Working along a steep natural gradient of soil fertility in a Costa Rican tropical dry forest, we examined how soil nutrients affect plant–microbe interactions using two complementary approaches. First, we measured mycorrhizal colonization of roots and soil P availability in 18 permanent plots spanning the soil fertility gradient. We measured root production, root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi, phosphatase activity and Bray P in each of 144 soil cores. Next, in a full-factorial manipulation of soil type and microbial community origin, tree seedlings of Albizia guachapele and Swietenia macrophylla were grown in sterilized high-, intermediate- and low-fertility soils paired with microbial inoculum from each soil type. Seedling growth, biomass allocation and root colonization by mycorrhizas were quantified after 2 mo. In the field, root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi was unrelated to soil phosphorus across a five-fold gradient of P availability. In the shadehouse, inoculation with soil microbes had either neutral or positive effects on plant growth, suggesting that positive effects of mycorrhizal symbionts outweighed negative effects of soil pathogens. The presence of soil microbes had a greater effect on plant biomass than variation in soil nutrient concentrations (although both effects were modest), and plant responses to mycorrhizal inoculation were not dependent on soil nutrients. Taken together, our results emphasize that soil microbial communities can influence plant growth and morphology independently of soil fertility.

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García Grajales, Jesús, Yolanda López-López i Alejandra Buenrostro Silva. "Herpetofaunal diversity in a tropical dry forest on the Central Coast of Oaxaca, Mexico". Acta Universitaria 29 (11.12.2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2019.2406.

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The dry forest is an ecosystem with a relatively high diversity of species. It is also one of the most threatened habitats. This research was carried out between January and November 2010 aiming to describe species richness, composition, and conservation status of the herpetofauna in the Yerbasanta micro-basin in the Central Coast of Oaxaca. Standard visual encounter surveys were used to observe herpetofaunal community in four locations of the micro-basin. Five amphibian species and 37 reptiles species were found. The Shannon-Wienner index showed that Pueblo Viejo had the highest value of diversity, followed by Unión, and the remainder localities had lower values. The similarity index was moderate between locations. Among the registered species, 12 can be classified under some conservation status. These results also suggest that this region can maintain a significant number of herpetofauna species. Additionally, this research represents baseline information that contributes to other studies.

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Camara, Rodrigo, Marcos Gervasio Pereira, Luciano Oliveira Toledo i Carlos Eduardo Gabriel Menezes. "SOIL FAUNA AND LEAF LITTER DECOMPOSITION IN DIFFERENT SUCCESSIONAL STAGES OF A SUBMOUNTAINOUS SEASONAL SEMIDECIDUOUS FOREST". FLORESTA 51, nr 2 (16.03.2021): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i2.69413.

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In tropical forests, the stage of ecological succession influences the nutrient cycling. This study aimed to analyze soil fauna community structure, composition, and leaf litter decomposition in fragments of intermediate-successional and late-successional Submountainous Seasonal Semideciduous Forest (ISF and LSF, respectively). We used a square metal frame to collect 10 samples of the leaf litter layer and surface soil (0.00-0.05 m depth) from each area in the wet and dry seasons. Soil fauna individuals were then extracted using a modified Berlese-Tüllgren funnel. For analysis of leaf litter decomposition, 15 litter bags containing 30 g of senescent leaves were randomly placed on the forest floor of each area in the dry season, and three bags were collected after 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days. LSF presented higher value of richness and was more associated with Diptera and Formicidae. There was no clear pattern in evenness and diversity with successional stage. The dissimilarity between ISF and LSF in terms of soil fauna community was greater in the dry season. Litter decomposition was almost identical in both areas.

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Putra, Putu S., Amran Achmad, Toshihiro Yamada i Putu O. Ngakan. "Seasonal Decomposition Rates of Broadleaf and Conifer Wood Litter in Far Eastern Tropical Forest Communities". International Journal of Forestry Research 2023 (17.07.2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9677809.

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Studies on wood litter decomposition sometimes show conflicting results. While low temperatures and humidity during winter in temperate climates are reported to halt the activity of decomposing agents, in the warmest and wettest tropical regions of the Far East, peat accumulates on the forest floor, indicating that the decomposition process is not proceeding well. In this study, we compared the inter-seasonal and inter-forest communities’ decomposition rate constant (k) of jabon (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil.) and tusam (Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese) woods in three forest communities (Karst, Lowland, and Pine) on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. We placed 1,200 wooden planks (600 jabon logs and 600 tusam logs) measuring 10 cm × 10 cm × 1.5 cm on the ground in each forest community during different seasons: dry season and wet season. k was observed seasonally. We also observed the decomposing agent diversity, soil properties, and chemical content of the wood sample to examine factors affecting k values. The results showed the tendency of jabon wood k to be higher in the dry season than in the wet season, and the opposite trend was noted for tusam wood. k of both wood samples was highest in Karst, followed by Lowland and Pine forests. However, except for bacterial diversity and abundance of Odontotermes sp., there was no clear correlation between k and the diversity and abundance of decomposing agents. The k values varied distinctly, even among samples within the same forest community in the same season, causing the data not to be normally distributed. These findings indicate that decomposition processes in tropical forests vary at the microsite scale due to the high diversity of decomposing agents and their complex reciprocal association.

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Nicolas, Violaine, Patrick Barrière i Marc Colyn. "Seasonal variation in population and community structure of shrews in a tropical forest of Gabon". Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, nr 2 (16.02.2005): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404002123.

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The composition, structure and reproductive phenology of a shrew community were investigated for 1 y at two neighbouring sites in an undisturbed African forest of south-western Gabon. We captured 717 shrews, belonging to four genera and 10 species. The data were analysed to answer three main questions: (1) to what extent does the shrew abundance vary seasonally? (2) is there a shift in species dominance over time? and (3) does the intensity of breeding activity vary seasonally? The number of species captured varied seasonally and tended to be least during the period of minimal trap success. Trap success for the four most abundant species (Sylvisorex johnstoni, Crocidura batesi, Paracrocidura schoutedeni and Sylvisorex ollula) varied seasonally with a minimum around the long dry season. Sylvisorex johnstoni remained the dominant species throughout the year. Seasonal variation in trap success of shrews might be related, at least partly, to their reproductive characteristics. Litter size, based on embryo counts, ranged from 1–4 among the species. Breeding occurred throughout the year, but its intensity was lower during the long dry season corresponding with the period of higher ecological constraints for shrews.

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Retamosa Izaguirre, Mónica I., i Oscar Ramírez-Alán. "Acoustic indices applied to biodiversity monitoring in a Costa Rica dry tropical forest". Journal of Ecoacoustics 2, nr 1 (26.04.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22261/jea.tnw2np.

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Standardized methods for biodiversity monitoring are needed to evaluate conservation efforts. Acoustic indices are used in biodiversity assessments, but need to be compared to traditional wildlife methods. This work was conducted in the Santa Rosa National Park between June and November, 2015. We installed recorders and conducted bird point counts in twelve sampling sites. We compared acoustic indices (Acoustic Evenness Index [AEI], Acoustic Diversity Index [ADI], Acoustic Complexity Index [ACI], Bioacoustic Index [BIO], Normalized Difference Soundscape Index [NDSI], Total Entropy [TE], Median Amplitude Envelope [MAE], Number of peaks [NP]) with indices from bird point counts (Bird Abundance, Bird Richness, Bird Diversity and Bird Evenness), and discuss the utility of acoustic indices as indicators for biodiversity monitoring in tropical forests. ADI, ACI, BIO and TE presented a similar temporal pattern peaking between 5 am and 6 am; and an additional peak at 5 pm, except for ACI. These patterns were consistent with the daily biological rhythms. AEI, ACI, BIO and Bird Abundance were related to characteristics of younger forests (lower percentage of canopy cover) but NP, ADI, TE, Bird Diversity and Bird Evenness were related to characteristics of older forests (higher percentage of canopy cover and a lower number of patches). ACI was positively correlated to Bird Abundance and NP was positively correlated to Bird Diversity. ACI reflects biological activity, but not necessarily a more diverse bird community in this study area. This might be an indication of a strong acoustic competition, or several highly dominant bird species in younger forests. Furthermore, acoustic communities in tropical forests commonly include insects (cicadas) and frogs, which might affect resulting acoustic indices. A variety of methods are probably needed to thoroughly assess biodiversity. However, a combination of indices such as ACI and NP might be considered to monitor trends in abundance and diversity of birds in dry forests.

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Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, i Rosaura Mayén-Estrada. "Ecological Study of the Active Ciliate Community from Bromeliads during the Humid Season in Different Types of Forests of the Mexican Neotropics". Diversity 14, nr 2 (8.02.2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14020122.

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Bromeliads are a Neotropical family of monocots, colonized by several families of ciliates, with some species that inhabit only this type of microecosystems. Ecological factors such as the presence of water, plant volume, seasonality and predators, have been recognized as important factors, which play a role in the ciliate community structure in tank bromeliads. The objective of this study is to describe different communities of active ciliates from epiphytic and terrestrial bromeliads that inhabit the dry tropical forest, montane cloud forest, oak forest and semideciduous tropical forest in the Mexican Neotropics during the humid season of the year 2016. We found 22 species of active ciliates. A higher richness of ciliate species was found in the bromeliads of the montane cloud forest. Based on statistical tests, we determine that the pH and water temperature, plant diameter, its distance above the ground and altitude above sea level in relation to ciliate abundance explain <50% of the variation; however, the combination of plant diameter and its distance above the ground shows a positive effect in relation to ciliate abundance. We provide new evidence that bromeliads that inhabit mountains and lowland forests in a larger geographic area host ciliate communities with different species composition.

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Yamazaki, Lúcia, Vanessa França Vindica, Marinêz Isaac Marques i Leandro Dênis Battirola. "Arthropods associated with Callisthene fasciculata (Vochysiaceae) canopy in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil". Revista Colombiana de Entomología 46, nr 1 (20.08.2020): e10168. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v46i1.10168.

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Studies on arthropods associated with tropical rainforest canopies contribute to a further understanding of forest canopy community dynamics and their relationship to the structure and function of this ecosystem. This study evaluated arthropod community composition in monodominant Callisthene fasciculata forest canopy throughout the high water and dry periods in the northern region of the Pantanal in Mato Grosso, Brazil, as a part of a project about arboreal canopy arthropods associated with monodominant areas in this region. Sampling was conducted on 12 individuals of C. fasciculata, six from the high-water season (2010) and six from the dry season (2011), using insecticide fogging. A total of 28,197 arthropods were collected. Hymenoptera (the majority being Formicidae), Diptera, Acari, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera, were the most representative groups. Although the analysis did not show variation in the abundance of individuals between the high water and dry seasons, the arthropod community varied significantly in taxa composition. Opiliones, Embioptera, Ephemeroptera and Scorpiones occurred only during the high-water period, with Polyxenida and Strepsiptera occurring only in the dry season. Thysanoptera was more abundant in the dry season, showing a relationship with the beginning of the C. fasciculata flowering period. In general, the high water and dry seasons maintain distinct communities in this habitat, illustrating how the temporal variation in the phenology of C. fasciculata imposed by the Pantanal’s hydrological regime alters the composition of the associated arthropod communities in the canopy of these monodominant formations in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso.

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Almazán-Núñez, R. Carlos, María del Coro Arizmendi, Luis E. Eguiarte i Pablo Corcuera. "Distribution of the community of frugivorous birds along a successional gradient in a tropical dry forest in south-western Mexico". Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, nr 1 (6.11.2014): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467414000601.

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Abstract:Few reports have described the relationship between the distribution of frugivorous birds and vegetation successional changes in dry forests. We assessed the abundance and behaviour of frugivorous birds in early, intermediate and mature dry forests in the Balsas river basin, Guerrero, Mexico. We selected nine dry-forest fragments, three fragments per stage, in these three stages of succession. We analysed the vegetation, estimated bird abundances in 10-min count periods, and recorded the way birds process fruits in circular plots (11–15 plots per fragment, 123 plots in total). Birds were classified as seed predators (15% of all individuals in this study), pulp consumers (15%) or legitimate dispersers (70%). Bird abundance was higher in mature forests in the dry season, while abundance and richness of legitimate dispersers and seed predators were positively related to vegetation complexity. Mature forests have a high vegetation complexity and a high cover ofBurseraspecies that produce fruit during the dry season. During the rains, abundance was higher in early-successional sites when the zoochorous plants produced fruit. Legitimate disperser migrants (i.e.Tyrannus vociferans, Myiarchus cinerascensandM. tyrannulus) were widespread, helping the establishment of zoochorous trees such asBurseraspp. in early-successional forests.

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Gonçalves, Paulo Henrique Santos, Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros i Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque. "Effects of domestic wood collection on tree community structure in a human-dominated seasonally dry tropical forest". Journal of Arid Environments 193 (październik 2021): 104554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2021.104554.

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