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1

Abdallahi, M. M., i A. N'Dayegamiye. "Effets de deux incorporations d'engrais verts sur le rendement et la nutrition en azote du blé (Triticum aestivum L.), ainsi que sur les propriétés physiques et biologiques du sol". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80, nr 1 (1.02.2000): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s98-094.

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The effects of two applications of green manures (1993 and 1995) on soil physical and biological properties, on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields and N uptake were investigated in 1996 in a Le Bras loam (Humic Gleysol). The green manures as main factor were clover (Trifolium pratense L.), buckwheat (Fagapyrum esculentum L.), millet (Sorghum sudanensis L.), mustard (Brassica hirta Moench), colza (Brassica campestris L.) and a control without green manure. The sub-factors consisted of four N fertilizer rates for subsequent wheat: 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha−1. Green manure application significantly increased the soil water stable aggregates (MWD), and the > 0,25 mm fractions of water-stable aggregates (P < 0,05). Levels of soil microbial biomass, alcaline phosphatase and urease activities, and the N mineralization potential were also significantly increased by green manure treatments compared to the control. A 200 to 300% increase in wheat yields and N uptake were obtained, depending on green manure species, compared to the control. The results of this study provide quantitative evidence that wheat yields and N uptake increases were mainly due to N addition into soil and the improvement in soil physical and biological properties by green manure application. Key words: Green manure, wheat yields and N uptake, water stable aggregates, microbial biomass, N mineralization potential, soil enzymes

2

Moshawih, Said, Rabi’atul Nur Amalia Abdullah Juperi, Ganesh Sritheran Paneerselvam, Long Chiau Ming, Kai Bin Liew, Bey Hing Goh, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi i in. "General Health Benefits and Pharmacological Activities of Triticum aestivum L." Molecules 27, nr 6 (17.03.2022): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061948.

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Common wheat (Triticum aestivum), one of the world’s most consumed cereal grains, is known for its uses in baking and cooking in addition to its medicinal uses. As this plant’s medical benefits are enormous and scattered, this narrative review was aimed at describing the pharmacological activities, phytochemistry, and the nutritional values of Triticum aestivum. It is a good source of dietary fiber, resistant starch, phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols, lignans, and diverse antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, tocopherols and tocotrienols. These constituents provide Triticum aestivum with a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, hypolipemic, antioxidant, laxative, and moisturizing effects. This review summarized the established benefits of wheat in human health, the mode of action, and different clinical, in vitro and in vivo studies for different varieties and cultivars. This review also gives an insight for future research into the better use of this plant as a functional food. More clinical trials, in vivo and in vitro studies are warranted to broaden the knowledge about the effect of Triticum aestivum on nutrition-related diseases prevention, and physical and mental well-being sustenance.

3

Cunsolo, Vincenzo, Antonella Di Francesco, Maria Gaetana Giovanna Pittalà, Rosaria Saletti i Salvatore Foti. "The TriMet_DB: A Manually Curated Database of the Metabolic Proteins of Triticum aestivum". Nutrients 14, nr 24 (18.12.2022): 5377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245377.

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Mass-spectrometry-based wheat proteomics is challenging because the current interpretation of mass spectrometry data relies on public databases that are not exhaustive (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) or contain many redundant and poor or un-annotated entries (UniProtKB/TrEMBL). Here, we report the development of a manually curated database of the metabolic proteins of Triticum aestivum (hexaploid wheat), named TriMet_DB (Triticum aestivum Metabolic Proteins DataBase). The manually curated TriMet_DB was generated in FASTA format so that it can be read directly by programs used to interpret the mass spectrometry data. Furthermore, the complete list of entries included in the TriMet_DB is reported in a freely available resource, which includes for each protein the description, the gene code, the protein family, and the allergen name (if any). To evaluate its performance, the TriMet_DB was used to interpret the MS data acquired on the metabolic protein fraction extracted from the cultivar MEC of Triticum aestivum. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD037709.

4

Choudhary, O. P., B. R. Arora i H. S. Hundal. "Phosphate sorption isotherms in relation to P nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivum)". Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 47, nr 2 (czerwiec 1996): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01991541.

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Hanjagi, Prashantkumar S., i Bhupinder Singh. "Interactive regulation of iron and zinc nutrition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 22, nr 1 (20.12.2016): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40502-016-0272-x.

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Martsinyshyn, Yu D., i S. V. Pyda. "БІОХІМІЧНИЙ СКЛАД ЗЕРНА ПШЕНИЦІ М’ЯКОЇ (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ЗА ВПЛИВУ ДОБРИВ". Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 81, nr 1-2 (30.06.2021): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.21.1-2.12.

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The article, based on the analysis of scientific works, presents the research findings of the influence of mineral, organic and organo-mineral fertilizer on the biochemical composition of soft wheat grain. It is shown that seed productivity and quality of wheat grain depend on the provision of plants with nutrients during the growth season, resistance to stress factors and biological characteristics of the variety. The yield of winter wheat increases due to super-strong and extra-strong varieties, but the quality of grain, which is negatively correlated with productivity, decreases. Fertilizers are a significant factor in improving the quality of wheat grain, and their use allows to obtain high quality baking flour. Application of different types of organic fertilizers (cattle manure, chicken manure) and green manures (wheat-wheat, oat-pea, mustard) results in an increase in the gluten content from 24.2 to 25.6–27.7 % in grain winter wheat. The application of manure also contributed to the accumulation of proteins in the grain. The quality of wheat grain (nutritional value and baking properties) depends on both the protein content and their amino acid composition. Nitrogen fertilizers have been shown to increase the protein content and the amount of essential amino acids in grain and improve their amino acid composition, but their application, especially in higher doses, reduces the baking properties of wheat flour. The use of nitrogen fertilizers also increases the content of trace elements in wheat grain and improves the nutritional value of this important food. Foliar feeding of plants with chelated micro-fertilizers on the background of complete mineral nutrition (N60P60K60) also improves the quality of grain, while increasing the content of proteins and gluten. Pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilization of plants in the phase of tillering and earing with liquid organo-mineral fertilizer Polidon Bio Zernovyi special purpose for winter wheat, against the background of mineral nutrition (N60P60K60), increased the protein content in grain according to experimental variants and promoted raw gluten growth.

7

Bueno, Patrícia Cincotto dos Santos, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Élen Landgraf Guiguer, Maricelma da Silva Soares de Souza, Isabela Ramos Araújo de Medeiros, Isabella Vasconcelos Zattiti, Manuela dos Santos Bueno, Giovanna Soares Nutels, Ricardo de Alvares Goulart i Adriano Cressoni Araújo. "Effects of Green Wheat (Triticum turgidum) and Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum) on the Metabolic Profile of Wistar Rats". Journal of Medicinal Food 22, nr 12 (1.12.2019): 1222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2019.0089.

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Babić, Ljiljana, Mirko Babić, Jan Turan, Snežana Matić-Kekić, Milivoj Radojčin, Sanja Mehandžić-Stanišić, Ivan Pavkov i Miodrag Zoranović. "Physical and stress-strain properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum ) kernel". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 91, nr 7 (15.02.2011): 1236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4305.

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9

Pageau, D., i G. F. Tremblay. "Effet de la dose de semis et de l’écartement entre les rangs sur l’interférence entre le Chenopodium album et le Triticum aestivum". Phytoprotection 77, nr 3 (12.04.2005): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706108ar.

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Un essai répété 4 années a permis d'évaluer l'effet de la présence du chénopode (Chenopodium album) sur la productivité du blé (Triticum aestivum 'Max'). La céréale a été ensemencée à cinq doses de semis (100, 200,300, 400 et 500 grains viables m-2) et à deux écartements entre les rangs (10 et 18 cm). Une réduction de l'écartement entre les rangs a permis d'accroître les rendements en blé de 16 % en présence ou non du chénopode. La dose de semis est un facteur plus important que l'écartement entre les rangs. À une dose de semis de 100 grains m-2, la présence du chénopode a causé une réduction du rendement en grain de 23 % tandis que cette réduction était de 11 % avec une dose de semis de 500 grains m-2. La baisse de rendement en blé provoquée par la présence de chénopode est surtout attribuable à une réduction du nombre d'épis par unité de surface. Le chénopode a également réduit le nombre d'épis par plant et le nombre de grains par épi tandis que le poids de 1000 grains et l'indice de récolte ont été peu affectés. Les contenus en azote et en phosphore du grain de blé ont été réduits par la présence du chénopode. Une réduction de l'écartement entre les rangs ou une augmentation de la dose de semis du blé n'a pas permis de réduire le nombre de plants mais a réduit la biomasse du chénopode.

10

Czimbalmos, Ágnes, Lilla Szűcs i József Zsembeli. "Nutrition reaction of different varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bred in Karcag". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 69 (23.03.2016): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/69/1790.

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In our study the nutrition reaction of four varieties of winter wheat (KG Bendegúz, KG Kunhalom, KG Kunkapitány, KG Széphalom) has been investigated. In the experiment the effect of twenty different nutrition doses on the yield and thousand kernel weight of the wheat varieties has been studied. Significant difference could be figured out among the yield and thousand kernel weight of the wheat varieties, so the choice of the proper variety determines the quantity of yield. KG Kunkapitány had the highest yield, while KG Széphalom had the highest thousand kernel weight in the experiments. Investigating the effect of the nutrients on the yield the conclusion was that all nitrogen doses had significant yield increasing effect compared to the untreated plots, but among the 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 doses there was no statistical difference. In the case of phosphorus the 40 kg ha-1 dose showed statistically verifiable increase of the yield, while potassium doses have no influence on the yields. The thousand kernel weights reached the maximum values where the highest nutrient doses were applied.

11

Peck, A. W., G. K. McDonald i R. D. Graham. "Zinc nutrition influences the protein composition of flour in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Journal of Cereal Science 47, nr 2 (marzec 2008): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2007.04.006.

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VINAY SINGH, JAVED ALI, SEEMA, ANIL KUMAR i T.M. CHAUHAN. "Productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under potassium and zinc nutrition". Indian Journal of Agronomy 60, nr 3 (10.10.2001): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v60i3.4474.

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A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201011 and 201112 at Bichpuri, Agra , Uttar Pradesh on sandy-loam soil, to assess the effect of potassium and zinc nutrition on wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol]. Treatments comprising 4 levels each of K (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg K O/ha) and Zn (0, 3, 6 2 and 9 kg/ha) were evaluated in randomized complete-block design with 3 replications. Growth and yield param- eters of wheat increased significantly with the increasing levels of K up to 60 kg K O/ha which were statistically at 2 par with 90 kg K O/ha. The mean grain (5.31 t/ha) and straw yields (9.80 t/ha) with 60 kg K O/ha were 15.4 and 2 2 13.7% higher than the control, respectively. Application of 60 kg K O/ha resulted in significantly highest net returns 2 ( 48.1 103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.90). Increasing zinc levels up to 6 kg Zn/ha showed significant improve- ment in plant height, effective tillers, grains/spike and 1,000-grain weight over the control. Similarly, application of 6 kg Zn /ha resulted in 8.8% higher grain yield (5.22 t/ha) than the yield obtained in the control (4.80 t/ha). Signifi- cantly highest net returns ( 47.8 103/ha) and benefit: cost ratios (1.95) were recorded at 6 kg Zn/ha. Uptake of N, P, K, S and Zn in wheat crop increased significantly with increasing levels of potassium. Protein content and yield in wheat grain increased significantly with the addition of K O up to 90 kg/ha and Zn up to 9 kg/ha. The nutri- 2 ent uptake (N, K and Zn) in wheat, except those of P and S, increased significantly up to 6 kg Zn/ha. The effi- ciency indices decreased at higher doses of K and Zn and the maximum values were recorded at 60 kg K O/ha 2 and 6 kg Zn/ha.

13

Zimmermann, Julia, Friedrich Longin, Anna Schweinlin, Maryam Basrai i Stephan Bischoff. "No Difference in Tolerance between Wheat and Spelt Bread in Patients with Suspected Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity". Nutrients 14, nr 14 (7.07.2022): 2800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142800.

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Individuals with suspected non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) often report better tolerance of spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) compared to wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) bakery products. This experience has neither been validated nor explained on a molecular level. Therefore, we performed blinded wheat and spelt bread challenge in this patient group. Twenty-four adults with a history of NCWS but suspected spelt tolerance were challenged in a single-blinded crossover design over six weeks with six different study breads each at 300 g per day for 4 days followed by a washout phase of 3 days. Study breads comprised spelt and wheat breads made either after a traditional (T) or a current (C) recipe, resulting in four bread types plus a gluten-free bread with 1.5% added oligosaccharides (+FODMAP) and a gluten-free bread with 5% added wheat gluten (+Gluten). The main outcome parameter was the Irritable Bowel Syndrome—Severity Scoring System, which was higher than self-estimated by the participants after spelt bread consumption (p = 0.002 for T; p = 0.028 for C) and lower for wheat bread (p = 0.052 for T; p = 0.007 for C), resulting in no difference between wheat and spelt bread tolerance. The +FODMAP bread was better tolerated than both T breads (p = 0.003 for spelt; p = 0.068 for wheat) and equally well tolerated as both C breads and +Gluten breads after normalization to the washout scores. Neither signs of inflammation nor markers for intestinal barrier integrity were influenced. Our data do not confirm, on an objective basis, the differences in expected symptoms resulting from wheat and spelt products, suggesting a strong nocebo effect for wheat and a placebo effect for spelt.

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Sandhu, Harkanwal PS, Frank A. Manthey i Senay Simsek. "Quality of bread made from ozonated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 91, nr 9 (28.03.2011): 1576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4350.

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Taylor, Gregory J., i Charles D. Foy. "Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance in Triticum aestivum (wheat). IV. The role of ammonium and nitrate nutrition". Canadian Journal of Botany 63, nr 12 (1.12.1985): 2181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-309.

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Five cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) were grown for 21 days in solution cultures with aluminum (+Al) (74 μM) and without Al (−Al) at an initial pH of 4.5. Patterns of nitrogen depletion and pH change were biphasic. Ammonium [Formula: see text] was rapidly depleted and solution pH declined during phase I. Depletion of nitrate [Formula: see text] was most rapid and solution pH increased after [Formula: see text] was exhausted from solutions (phase II). Cultivar tolerance to Al was negatively correlated with the rate of pH decline induced by cultivars, and the rate of pH decline was positively correlated with the rate at which cultivars depleted [Formula: see text] from +Al and −Al nutrient solutions. Cultivar tolerance to Al was also negatively correlated with the rate of [Formula: see text] depletion from +Al and −Al solutions. Cultivar tolerance to Al was positively correlated with the rate of [Formula: see text] depletion during phase II but only when plants were grown with Al. These results support the hypothesis that differential Al tolerance among cultivars of T. aestivum is caused by differences in the rate of [Formula: see text], and possibly [Formula: see text], uptake. Such diffferences in N preference may have caused differences in pH and Al solubility in the nutrient solutions.

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Banjac, Borislav, Velimir Mladenov, Sofija Petrović, Đorđe Vojnović, Danilo Begić, Rada Šućur i Bojan Jocković. "Wheat genotypes variability of technological quality indicators across different microclimate conditions". Selekcija i semenarstvo 28, nr 1 (2022): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/selsem2201043b.

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Wheat (Triticum sp.) is one of the most widely consumed grains in human nutrition, and bread is its primary product, the quality of which is dependent on grain technology. When processing wheat into flour, it's important to understand the basic chemical composition components that are direct indications of wheat grain technological quality, such as water, starch, protein, dietary fiber, and fat. As a result, experiments conducted in various microclimatic conditions aid in determining the impact of genotypes and environmental factors, as well as their interaction, on total protein content, sedimentation value, and amylolytic activity, all of which are important indicators of wheat technological quality. Microclimatic growth circumstances had a statistically significant impact on measures of grain technological quality in genotypes of three types of wheat (Triticum aestivum, Triticum spelta and Triticum compactum). The stable reactivity of genotypes with the external environment was examined through a more extensive analysis, and genotypes that would serve as suitable parental components in the wheat breeding program with better technological quality were selected.

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Zhuk, O. I. "Potential productivity realization of common winter wheat plants under drought". Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 27 (1.09.2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v27.1306.

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Aim. The goal of this work was to study the effect of soil drought on the reproductive ability of common winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Methods. Wheat plants of cultivars Kujalnik and Ladijinka were grown under optimal nutrition and well-water conditions to the earing-flowering phase, after that the experimental plants were transferred to drought regime for 8 days, after that the optimal water supply was restored to the end of vegetation. During the experiment, the stem and ear length were measured. Ripened plants were analyzed according to the structure of the yield. Results. It is established that the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis the earing-flowering led to the decreasing the stem and ear length, the mass of the ear and grains, number of grains on plant. Conclusions. Water deficit in the soil in the critical phase of earing-flowering led to a decrease in the productive of winter wheat plants due to the inhibition of growth of stem and ear, decreasing grain number and the mass of ear and grains. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L, stem, ear, productivity, drought.

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Singh, Tejender, Priyanka Kumari, Ravinder i Shobhit. "Influence of Natural Farming, Organic and Inorganic Systems of Nutrition on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, nr 23 (21.12.2023): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i234250.

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A field experiment entitled “influence of natural farming, organic and inorganic systems of nutrition on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted at Research Farm of School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Mandi (H.P.) during Rabi season (2021-2022). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications, consisting of six nutrient management treatments. Results of study revealed that inorganic and integrated nutrient management (FYM @ 5 ton ha-1 + 50 percent recommended dose of fertilizers) treatments behaving alike resulted in better crop growth (plant height, shoot number and dry matter accumulation), yield attributes (number of effective tillers, spike length, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight) and higher yield (grain and straw) compared to treatments comprised of farmer’s practice (FYM @ 2.5 ton ha-1 + 50 percent recommended dose of fertilizers), organic (FYM @ 10 ton ha-1 + Jeevamrit) and natural farming (Beejamrit +Jeevamrit + mulching) systems of nutrition.

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Błaszkowski, Janusz. "Effects of five Glomus spp. (Zygomycetes) on growth and mineral nutrition of Triticum aestivum L." Acta Mycologica 28, nr 2 (20.08.2014): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1993.020.

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In a pot experiment conducted in a growth chamber. the influence of five species of arbuscular fungi (<i>Glomales<i>) on growth and mineral nutrition of winter wheat (<i>Triricum aestivum</i>) cv. Salwa was investigated. After nine weeks of growth, plants inoculated with <i>Glomus calcdonium</i> and <i>G. mosseae</i> were significantly higher than those from control pots and those with <i>G. constrictum, G. deserticola</i> and <i>G. macrocarpum</i> mycorrhizae. All fungi significantly increased root dry weights, although <i>G. caledonium</i> was the most effective species. Except for <i>G. constrictum</i>, the other fungi significantly increased shoot dry weights of plants, with <i>G.caledonium</i> being the most effective species. <i>G. caledonium, G. macrocarpum</i> and <i>G. mosseae</i> significantly decreased root: shoot ratios. Inoculations significantly affected shoot and root N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations. Except for <i>G. constrictum</i>, all the other fungi significantly increased shoot N and Ca contents. Shoot P and K contents were significantly higher in plants harbouring only <i>G. caledonium</i> mycorrhizae. <i>G. caledonium. G. deserticola</i> and <i>G. mosseae</i> significantly increased shoot Mg contents. Except for <i>G.constritum</i>, the other fungi significantly enhanced root N and P contens. The fungi significantly increasing root K supplies were <i>G. caledoniumum, G. macrocarpum </i>, and <i>G. mosseae. Root Ca contents was significantly increased only in <i>G. constrictum</i> treatment. Except for <i>G. constrictum</i> and <i>G. mosseae</i>, the other fungi significantly increased root Mg contents, with <i>G. macrocarpum</i> ranking the first. Shoot and root dry weights and shoot N and K as well as root N and P contents in <i>T. aestivum</i> were significantly correlated with mycorrhizal colonization.

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SHTANGEEVA, I., i S. AYRAULT. "Effects of Eu and Ca on yield and mineral nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings". Environmental and Experimental Botany 59, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.10.011.

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RAJEEW KUMAR, D.S. PANDEY, .V.P. SINGH, I.P. SINGH i DHEERAJ PANDEY. "Growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by organic sources of nitrogen nutrition". Indian Journal of Agronomy 58, nr 3 (10.10.2001): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v58i3.4195.

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A field experiments were conducted for five years from 2003-04 to 2007-08, during rabi seasons at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, on Mollisols under the Tarai region of the Uttarakhand, to study the effect of organic sources of nitrogen nutrition on growth, productivity and quality of wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol}, PBW 343. Fourteen treatments with three replications were laid out in a randomized block design (fixed plot). Four nitrogen doses i.e. 125, 100, 75 and 50% of the recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN=150 kg/ha) were applied through each of the three organic sources i.e. FYM, vermicompost and neemax. Urea as inorganic source for recommended nitrogen and control (no nitrogen) was also tested for comparison of the results. The study showed that RDN through urea gave maximum wheat yield (4.63 t/ha), which was signifi- cantly higher than other treatments. Among the organic sources of nitrogen nutrition, FYM @ 125% of RDN gave maximum wheat yield (3.65 t/ha), which was at par with vermicompost and neemax at same rate but significantly higher than FYM @ 50% of RDN. Morphological determinants viz. emergence count/m2, plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g/m2) and yield contributing characters, i.e., spike/m2, grains/spike1 and 1,000-grains weight (g) were also significantly higher under N nutrition through urea than others, but FYM, vermicompost and neemax @ 125% of RDN gave significantly higher value of these parameters than their respective nitrogen nutrition @ 50% . Protein content, protein yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency indicators, which higher under ni- trogen nutrition through urea, than those under organic sources of nitrogen. Among the organic sources, vermicompost resulted in maximum value of protein content, protein yield and nitrogen harvest index than others. However, nitrogen use efficiency indicators i.e., physiological, agronomic and recovery efficiency were higher un- der FYM treated plots. All of the organic treatments except 50% of RDN through neemax and 50% of RDN through vermicompost were highly promising. All the treatments except control maintained a positive balance of nitrogen in soil. High cost involved in procuring large quantity of FYM and vermicompost resulted in negative net returns un- der these treatments.

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Meena, Ajit Kumar, R. H. Meena, S. C. Meena, S. K. Sharma, H. K. Jain i M. K. Mahla. "Impact of Biochar, Vermicompost and Microbial Inoculants on Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)". Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, nr 04 (2023): 1717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i04.043.

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A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during Rabi season of the year 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur. The experiment was done in a randomized block design with three replications and eleven treatments of different dose of biochar, vermicompost with microbial inoculants. The results showed that, biochar, vermicompost and seed inoculation with microbial inoculants (Azotobacter + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria) significantly improved grain yield, straw yield and biological yield with the application of 10 t ha-1 Vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB (T3 ) as compared to rest of the treatment. Furthermore, T3 also significantly improved the productivity of wheat. It is concluded that combined application of Vermicompost with Microbial Inoculants in Treatment (T3 ) caused considerable increase in productivity over all the treatments thus balanced nutrition under favourable environment might have helped in production of wheat.

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Jablonskytė-Raščė, Danutė, Stanislava Maikštėnienė i Audronė Mankevičienė. "Evaluation of productivity and quality of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spelt (Triticum spelta L.) in relation to nutrition conditions". Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 100, nr 1 (30.03.2013): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2013.100.007.

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Ajiboye, B. O., H. O. B. Oloyede i M. O. Salawu. "Antidiabetic Activity of Triticum aestivum Seed–Based Diet on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats". Journal of Dietary Supplements 17, nr 2 (4.10.2018): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2018.1492485.

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del Molino, Isabel M. Martín, Bárbara Rojo, Rafael Martínez-Carrasco i Pilar Pérez. "Varietal differences in amino acid composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) grain". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 48, nr 2 (1989): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740480206.

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Kaur, Rup Davinder, i Charanjeet K. Hira. "Supplementary effect of aestivum wheat (Triticum aestivum L), bengal gram (Cicer arietinum L) and soya bean (Glycine max L) on protein quality of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf)". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 46, nr 2 (1989): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740460208.

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Zhuk, O. I., i O. O. Stasik. "Growth and productivity of wheat plants under drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis". Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 29 (31.08.2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v29.1403.

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Aim. The goal of this work was to study the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis on the growth and productivity of breed winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Methods. Wheat plants of cultivars Darunok Podillya and Podolyanka were grown under optimal nutrition and well-water conditions until the earing-flowering phase, after that the experimental plants were transferred to drought regime for 8 days, after that the optimal water supply was restored to the end of vegetation. During the experiment, the leaf surface area, the mass of internodes and ear were determined. Ripened plants were analyzed according to the structure of the yield. Results. It was established that the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis the earing-flowering caused to the decreasing in leaf surface area, mass of internodes, ear, mass and number of grains in the ear and plant, weight of 1000 grains. Conclusions. Water deficit in the soil in the critical phase of earing-flowering led to a decrease in the productive of breed winter wheat plants due to the inhibition of growth of ear, decreasing grain number and the mass of ear and grains. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., internode, ear, productivity, drought.

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Zhuk, O. I. "Productivity of winter wheat plants under drought". Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 23 (9.09.2018): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v23.991.

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Aim. The goal of research was to study the effects of soil drought on the productivity of winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Methods. Wheat plants of the cultivars of Zolotocolosa and Astarta were grown under optimal nutrition and moisture to the earing-flowering phase. After the beginning of it the experimental plants were transferred to drought conditions for 8 days, after that the optimal water supply was restored to the end of the vegetation. The yield structure was analyzed in mature plants. Results. It is established that the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis led to a decrease in plant height, ear size, mass and number of grains in it. At the same time, the number of grains in ears of plants decreased more significantly in the cultivar Zolotocolosa compared to the Astarta, especially in the tillers. The loss of grains mass from the ear was lower in cultivar Zolotocolosa than to the Astarta. Conclusions. Water deficit in the soil in the critical phase of ear-flowering led to a decrease in the productivity of wheat plants due to the inhibition of growth, the laying and the formation elements of the ear and grains, that depended on the specificity of the cultivar. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., stem, ear, productivity, drought.

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Zhuk, O. I. "Reproductive ability of common winter wheat plants under drought". Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 24 (30.08.2019): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v24.1084.

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Aim. The goal of this work was to study the effect of soil drought on the reproductive ability of common winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Methods. Wheat plants of cultivars Yednist and Zbruch were grown under optimal nutrition and well-watered conditions to the earing-flowering phase, after that the experimental plants were transferred to drought regime for 10 days, after that the optimal water supply was restored to the end of vegetation. During the experiment, the stem length and the leaf area were measured. Ripened plants were analyzed according to the structure of the yield. Results. It is established that the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis the earing-flowering led to the decreasing the stem length, the leaf area, the mass of the ear and grains, number of grains more in Zbruch cultivar than in Yednist cultivar. In Zbruch cultivar under drought the number of productive stems per plant decreased. Conclusions. Water deficiency in the soil in the critical phase of earing-flowering led to a decrease in the reproductive ability of winter wheat plants due to the inhibition of growth of stem, reduction of the leaf area, the grain number and the mass of ear and grains. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., stem, ear, productivity, drought.

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Mahmood, Talat, Tabassum Hameed, Nouman Rashid Sid, Amir Mumtaz, Naeem Safdar i Tariq Masud. "Effect of Environmental Changes on Phytic Acid Content of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)". Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 9, nr 5 (15.04.2010): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2010.447.451.

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HU, Hao, You-Lu BAI, Li-Ping YANG, Yan-Li LU, Lei WANG, He WANG i Zhi-Yong WANG. "Diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) via SPAD-502 and GreenSeeker". Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture 18, nr 4 (19.07.2010): 748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1011.2010.00748.

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Sil, Palin, i Asok K. Biswas. "Silicon nutrition modulates arsenic-inflicted oxidative overload and thiol metabolism in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, nr 36 (11.08.2020): 45209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10369-z.

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Choi, Nahyun, Ki Cheon Kim, Pan-Young Jeong i Bumsik Kim. "Effects of the Complex of Panicum miliaceum Extract and Triticum aestivum Extract on Hair Condition". Nutrients 15, nr 20 (18.10.2023): 4411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15204411.

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Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been used as major crops in multiple regions since ancient times, and they contain various nutrients that can affect human hair health. This study investigated the various biological effects of a complex of millet extract and wheat extract (MWC) on hair health. Human immortalized dermal papilla cells (iDPCs) for an in vitro study and an anagen-synchronized mouse model for an in vivo study were employed. These findings revealed that the application of the MWC in vitro led to an increase in the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and SOD1), growth factors (IGF-1, VEGF, and FGF7), and factors related to hair growth (wnt10b, β-catenin) while decreasing inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels (IL-6 and TNFα). The mRNA levels of hair follicles (HFs) in the dorsal skin of the mouse model in the early and late telogen phases were also measured. The mRNA levels in the in vivo study showed a similar alteration tendency as in the in vitro study in the early and late telogen phases. In this model, MWC treatment elongated the anagen phase of the hair cycle. These findings indicate that the MWC can suppress oxidative stress and inflammation and may elongate the anagen phase by enhancing the growth factors involved in the wnt10b/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study suggests that the MWC might have significant potential as a functional food for maintaining hair health.

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Bodroža-Solarov, Marija, Đura Vujić, Marijana Ačanski, Lato Pezo, Bojana Filipčev i Novica Mladenov. "Characterization of the liposoluble fraction of common wheat (Triticum aestivum ) and spelt (T. aestivum ssp. spelta ) flours using multivariate analysis". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 94, nr 13 (22.04.2014): 2613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6655.

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Cardone, Gaetano, Paolo D'Incecco, Maria Ambrogina Pagani i Alessandra Marti. "Sprouting improves the bread‐making performance of whole wheat flour ( Triticum aestivum L.)". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 100, nr 6 (6.02.2020): 2453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10264.

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Echeverría, H. E., C. A. Navarro i F. H. Andrade. "Nitrogen nutrition of wheat following different crops". Journal of Agricultural Science 118, nr 2 (kwiecień 1992): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600068738.

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SUMMARYA trial using a split-plot with blocks design was carried out at the INTA Balcarce Experimental Station, Argentina on a typic argiudol soil to evaluate N nutrition in wheat after different preceding crops and using two rates of N fertilization (0 and 90 kg N/ha).Wheat (Triticum aestivum), soyabean (Glycine max), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and maize (Zea mays) were grown in different combinations for two successive years (1984/85 and 1985/86).No water stress was detected during either growing season. Nitrogen availability was altered by the previous crops grown, but the effect lasted only for one season. Wheat following maize yielded least with no N and responded most to N fertilization. The highest yields of wheat without N and the lowest response by wheat to N fertilization were found after crops of soyabean and sunflower.Wheat after a fertilized wheat crop did not respond to N fertilization because of a serious attack of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis tritici).The nitrate concentration in wheat stem bases was found to be a good estimator of the availability of soil N.

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Jat, R. C., Yogesh Sharma, Amit Kumawat i N. K. Pareek. "Productivity and soil fertility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by phosphorus, zinc and iron nutrition". Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 16, nr 4 (2017): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2017.00059.5.

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Hawkins, H. "Reduced15N-nitrogen Transport Through Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Hyphae to Triticum aestivum L. Supplied with Ammonium vs. Nitrate Nutrition". Annals of Botany 87, nr 3 (marzec 2001): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2000.1305.

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T.M. CHAUHAN, JAVED ALI, HARVENDRA SINGH i S.P. SINGH. "Effect of zinc and magnesium nutrition on yield, quality and removal of nutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum)". Indian Journal of Agronomy 59, nr 1 (10.10.2001): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i1.4532.

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A field experiment was conducted during the winter ( rabi) season of 200810 on alluvial soil of Bichpuri, Agra, to study the effects of Zn (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 kg/ha) and magnesium (0, 10, 20 and 40 kg/ha) on wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] in respect of yield, quality and uptake of nutrients. Application of Zn up to 5 kg/ ha increased the grain and straw yield by 9.7 and 11.5% over the control respectively. Application of 5 kg Zn/ ha also recorded the highest values of net returns ( 70.2 103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.74). The addition of Mg up to 20 kg/ha enhanced the mean grain (5.11 t/ha) and straw (6.13 t/ha) yield significantly over the control. The highest net returns ( 68.4 103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.70) were recorded at 20 kg Mg/ha. The interaction ef- fect between Zn and Mg significantly and synergistically influenced the yields, being highest at 5 kg Zn in conjunc- tion with 20 kg Mg/ha. The removal of Zn by grain and straw increased from 152.8 to 202.5 and 129.5 to 182.5 g/ ha with the increase in Zn levels. The removal of Mg by grain and straw also increased significantly with the levels of Mg from 11.4 to 15.6 and 7.8 to 12.1 kg/ha respectively. On the other hand, Zn and Mg showed antagonistic ef- fect on their removal by wheat. The removal of N, P and K increased up to 5 kg Zn and 20 kg Mg /ha level. Protein content and yield also increased significantly with the increase of Zn and Mg over the control. The values of effi- ciency indices decreased with increasing levels of Mg and Zn.

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T.M. CHAUHAN, JAVED ALI, HARVENDRA SINGH, NARENDRA SINGH i S.P. SINGH. "Effect of zinc and magnesium nutrition on yield, quality and removal of nutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum)". Indian Journal of Agronomy 59, nr 2 (10.10.2001): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i2.4550.

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A field experiment was conducted during the winter ( rabi) season of 200810 on alluvial soil of Bichpuri, Agra, to study the effects of Zn (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 kg/ha) and magnesium (0, 10, 20 and 40 kg/ha) on wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] in respect of yield, quality and uptake of nutrients. Application of Zn up to 5 kg/ ha increased the grain and straw yield by 9.7 and 11.5% over the control, respectively. Application of 5 kg Zn/ ha also recorded the highest values of net returns ( 70.2 103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.74). The addition of Mg up to 20 kg/ha enhanced the mean grain (5.11 t/ha) and straw (6.13 t/ha) yield significantly over the control. The highest net returns ( 68.4 103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.70) were recorded at 20 kg Mg/ha. The interaction ef- fect between Zn and Mg significantly and synergistically influenced the yields, being highest at 5 kg Zn in conjunc- tion with 20 kg Mg/ha. The removal of Zn by grain and straw increased from 152.8 to 202.5 and 129.5 to 182.5 g/ ha with the increase in Zn levels. The removal of Mg by grain and straw also increased significantly with the levels of Mg from 11.4 to 15.6 and 7.8 to 12.1 kg/ha, respectively. On the other hand, Zn and Mg showed antagonistic ef- fect on their removal by wheat. The removal of N, P and K increased up to 5 kg Zn and 20 kg Mg /ha level. Protein content and yield also increased significantly with the increase of Zn and Mg over the control. The values of effi- ciency indices decreased with increasing levels of Mg and Zn.

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Fox, Thomas E., Susan J. Fairweather-Tait, John Eagles i S. Gabrielle Wharf. "Intrinsic labelling of different foods with stable isotope of zinc (67Zn) for use in bioavailability studies". British Journal of Nutrition 66, nr 1 (lipiec 1991): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19910009.

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Intrinsically-labelled foods are required to validate extrinsic-labelling techniques used to study the bioavailability of trace elements. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), peas (Pisum sativum), goat's milk, human milk, eggs and chicken meat were selected for intrinsic-labelling studies with67Zn. Peas were grown hydroponically in enriched nutrient solution and wheat was grown in sand and watered with enriched nutrient solution. Some of the wheat plants were also given stem injections of67Zn solution. Eggs and chicken meat were prepared by administering67Zn intravenously to chickens, and human milk was collected after an oral dose of67Zn in a cola drink. All the foods investigated were sufficiently enriched with67Zn for Zn absorption studies except wheat prepared by the sand and water-culture method.

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Nikolić, Nataša, Slobodanka Pajević, Milan Župunski, Mirjana Topić i Danijela Arsenov. "Responses of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) and Maize (Zea Mays L.) Plants to Cadmium Toxicity in Relation to Magnesium Nutrition". Acta Botanica Croatica 73, nr 2 (28.10.2014): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botcro-2014-0014.

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AbstractThe influence of cadmium (Cd) on physiological processes in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and maize (Zea maysL.) plants exposed to either optimal mineral nutrition or the absence of magnesium (Mg) as well as the accumulation of cadmium and magnesium in plant organs were studied using the method of water culture in a greenhouse. Cd treatment reduced shoot fresh mass more strongly in Mg-supplied than in Mg-deficient plants. Negative effect of Cd on photosynthetic activity was more pronounced inT. aestivumthan inZ. maysplants. Cd treatment decreased leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration in bothZ. maysandT. aestivum,irrespective of the Mg supply. Cd was preferentially accumulated in the roots of both species. Catalase activity inT. aestivumleaves and roots was unaffected by Cd and Mg supply. Cd treatment did not affect Fe accumulation in the leaves of either species, while in the roots a considerable increase occurred, irrespective of the Mg nutrition. Higher tolerance ofZ. maysandT. aestivumplants to Cd toxicity exposed to Mg deficiency could partly be ascribed to the preservation of Fe nutrition.

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ASHAQ HUSSAIN, DINESH KUMAR, D.S. RANA, B. GANGAIAH, B.S. DWIVEDI i R.N. SAHOO. "Productivity and profitability of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system as affected by nutrient omissions". Indian Journal of Agronomy 58, nr 2 (10.10.2001): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v58i2.4190.

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A field experiment on nutrient omission plot technique (NOPT) in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol} cropping system was conducted at New Delhi during 2010-11 and 2011-12. The experiment had 20 treatments, laid out in randomized block design with three replications in fixed plots. Treatments comprised omission of N, P, K, S and Zn, 50% omission of N, P, and K , absolute control (no nu- trient applied) and optimum plane of nutrition (150-26.4 -50-15-3 kg/ha N-P-K-S-Zn). Each of the 10 treatments was duplicated and randomized so that there were 20 plots within each replication for cotton. Same nutrient omis- sion treatments were tested on wheat in 50% of plots and uniform N was applied in the remaining 50% of the plots. Yield in cotton was estimated in terms of seed cotton, and stalk yield. Nitrogen proved to be most limiting nu- trient and there was a reduction in the seed cotton yield to the tune of 28%, 6.5% and 14.5% due to N, P and K omissions during the year 2010. N continued to be the most limiting nutrient followed by P and K during the year 2011. The corresponding figures for the year 2011 were 26.5 %, 15.5% and 12.4 % respectively. The yield reduc- tion in seed cotton yield due to S and Zn omission ranged from 2.0-5.0%, which was statistically at par with opti- mum nutrition treatment during both the years The reduction in the grain yield of wheat due to N, P and K omission was 35%, 9.5% and 2%, respectively during the year 2010-2011 and the corresponding figures for the year 2011- 12 were 48.5%, 11.1% and 7.7%, respectively. The reduction in grain yield due to S and Zn omission was mar- ginal and ranged from 2.0-2.5% during both the years. Highest net profit of 1,33,340 and 1,58,340 was earned from cotton-wheat cropping system during the years 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively, in the optimum nutrition plots.

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Jang, Hye-Lim, Seo-Yeon Park, Jong-Hun Lee, Bo Min Kim, Sang Hoon Lee i Jin-Sik Nam. "Comparison of the Nutritional Compositions and Antioxidant Properties of Korean and Imported Whole Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 47, nr 8 (31.08.2018): 771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2018.47.8.771.

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Nankova, M., i A. Atanasov. "Grain yield response of some agronomy practices on contemporary common winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)". Agricultural Science and Technology 10, nr 4 (2018): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/10.15547/ast.2018.04.058.

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Abstract. During 2014–2017, the influence of some main agronomy factors on the size of the resultant agronomic effect from their application to contemporary common winter wheat cultivars was investigated. The study was carried out in the experimental field (Haplic Chernozems soil type) of Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute – General Toshevo. The trial was designed by the split plot method, in four replications, on harvest area of 12m2. Cultivars Sadovo 1, Pryaspa, Kami, Kalina, Kiara, Kossara and Katarjina were grown after winter oilseed rape, spring pea, sunflower and grain maize at four levels of nutrition regime. The nutrition regime was differentiated depending on the previous crop. After spring pea, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha were used, and after the rest of the previous crops – 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha. With the exception of the check variant all fertilizer variants were against background fertilization with 60 kg P2O5/ha and 60 kg K2O/ha. The positive reaction from the complex interaction of the tested agronomy factors was best expressed in 2015 – 2409.2 kg/ha, while during the extremely unfavorable year 2016, the effect was only 628.2 kg/ha. The independent and combined action of the mineral fertilization and the year conditions had determining influence on the size of the agronomic effect (AE). The positive effect from the mineral fertilization on the values of AE was accompanied by slight differentiation between the tested fertilization norms. Within this study, the highest mean value of AE was determined after fertilization with N180P60K60 – 2274.2 kg/ha. The variation in the mean size of AE depending on the type of previous crop was high – from 900.6 kg/ha (pea) to 2031.2 kg/ha (oilseed rape). The applied agronomy practices caused differentiation in the mean values of AE according to the type of cultivar. The cultivars Kiara (1796.1 kg/ha) and Kalina (1704.5 kg/ha) were with the highest size of AE. They exceeded the AE values of the two standard cultivars Sadovo 1 and Pryaspa by 30.26% and 23.62%, respectively. Averaged for the research, it was found that AE was in positive statistically significant correlation with grain yield and its physical properties.

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Rauf, Abdul, Khansa Amber, Adnan Abbas Shah, Rashid Rasheed, Sana Razzaq, Zunaira Naeem, Nisar Ahmad Khan, Farman Ullah i Shafi Ullah. "Impacts of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Evaluation of Triticum aestivum L. as a Crop". Scholars Bulletin 10, nr 02 (3.02.2024): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sb.2024.v10i02.002.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a self-pollinating annual grass which is cultivated as staple crop widely cultivated in the world belong to the family poaceae. Wheat plays a vital role in human and animal nutrition because it is a major source of carbohydrates. Drought is a generally prolonged period of dryness which creates significant damage to crops and prevents their effective growth. It can also refer to a prolonged period of extremely low precipitation, especially one that has a negative impact on growing or living conditions. The nutritional and versatile value of wheat grain recognizes it so important that it can be refined into semolina, flour, and other products such as cookies, bread, pastries, noodles, pasta and couscous also stated that wheat is largely used to make chapatti, cakes and other food products. The germplasm was comprised of test varieties or test treatments and check varieties or control treatments. The field experiment was out by utilizing augmented block design. Parameters like germination %, tillers per plant, canopy temperature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), days to 50% heading, flag leaf area (cm2), days to maturity, plant height (cm) were evaluated. Under drought condition yield/plant had positive and highly significant correlation with number of tillers, seed weight/spike and positive non-significant with NDVI, flag leaf area, days to maturity and thousand kernel weight under drought condition.

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Morgan, Jack A. "The Effects of N Nutrition on the Water Relations and Gas Exchange Characteristics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Plant Physiology 80, nr 1 (1.01.1986): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.80.1.52.

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Kumar, Anuj, Mansi Sharma, Sanjay Kumar, Pankaj Tyagi, Shabir Hussain Wani, M. N. V. Prasad Gajula i Krishna Pal Singh. "Functional and structural insights into candidate genes associated with nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 118 (październik 2018): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.009.

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Hussain, Azhar, Maqshoof Ahmad, Muhammad Nafees, Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Luqman, Moazzam Jamil, Ambreen Maqsood i in. "Plant-growth-promoting Bacillus and Paenibacillus species improve the nutritional status of Triticum aestivum L." PLOS ONE 15, nr 12 (1.12.2020): e0241130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241130.

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Wheat is one of the best-domesticated cereal crops and one of the vital sources of nutrition for humans. An investigation was undertaken to reveal the potential of novel bio-inoculants enriching micronutrients in shoot and grains of wheat crop to eliminate the hazards of malnutrition. Sole as well as consortia inoculation of bio-inoculants significantly enhanced mineral nutrients including zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentrations in shoot and grains of wheat. Various treatments of bio-inoculants increase Zn and Fe content up to 1–15% and 3–13%, respectively. Sole inoculation of Bacillus aryabhattai (S10) impressively improves the nutritious of wheat. However, the maximum increase in minerals contents of wheat was recorded by consortia inoculation of Paenibacillus polymyxa ZM27, Bacillus subtilis ZM63 and Bacillus aryabhattai S10. This treatment also showed a maximum bacterial population (18 × 104 cfu mL-1) in the rhizosphere. The consortium application of these strains showed up to a 17% increase in yield. It is evident from the results that the consortium application was more effective than sole and co-inoculation. A healthy positive correlation was found between growth, yield, and the accessibility of micronutrients to wheat crops at the harvesting stage. The present investigations revealed the significance of novel bacterial strains in improving the nutritional status of wheat crops. These strains could be used as bio-inoculants for the biofortification of wheat to combat hidden hunger in developing countries.

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., R. Heidari, S. Zareae . i M. Heidarizadeh . "Extraction, Purification, and Inhibitory Effect of Alpha - Amylase Inhibitor from Wheat (Triticum aestivum Var. Zarrin)". Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 4, nr 2 (15.02.2005): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2005.101.105.

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