Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Tributyltin

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Tributyltin”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 1 sierpnia 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Tributyltin"

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Stefanizzi, Valeria, Antonella Minutolo, Elena Valletta, Martina Carlini, Franca M. Cordero, Anna Ranzenigo, Salvatore Pasquale Prete i in. "Biological Evaluation of Triorganotin Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents". Molecules 28, nr 9 (2.05.2023): 3856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093856.

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Metal-derived platinum complexes are widely used to treat solid tumors. However, systemic toxicity and tumor resistance to these drugs encourage further research into similarly effective compounds. Among others, organotin compounds have been shown to inhibit cell growth and induce cell death and autophagy. Nevertheless, the impact of the ligand structure and mechanisms involved in the toxicity of organotin compounds have not been clarified. In the present study, the biological activities of commercially available bis(tributyltin) oxide and tributyltin chloride, in comparison to those of specially synthesized tributyltin trifluoroacetate (TBT-OCOCF3) and of cisplatin, were assessed using cells with different levels of tumorigenicity. The results show that tributyltins were more cytotoxic than cisplatin in all the tested cell lines. NMR revealed that this was not related to the interaction with DNA but to the inhibition of glucose uptake into the cells. Moreover, highly tumorigenic cells were less susceptible than nontumorigenic cells to the nonunique pattern of death induced by TBT-OCOCF3. Nevertheless, tumorigenic cells became sensitive when cotreated with wortmannin and TBT-OCOCF3, although no concomitant induction of autophagy by the compound was detected. Thus, TBT-OCOCF3 might be the prototype of a family of potential anticancer agents.
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Alzieu, Claude. "Tributyltin". Ocean & Coastal Management 40, nr 1 (lipiec 1998): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-5691(98)00036-2.

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Maguire, R. J. "Environmental Assessment of Tributyltin in Canada". Water Science and Technology 25, nr 11 (1.06.1992): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0283.

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The aquatic chemistry, fate and toxicity of tributyltin are reviewed. A summary is given of investigations of the occurrence and persistence of tributyltin and its less toxic degradation products in water and sediment in Canada. Tributyltin was mainly found in areas of heavy boating or shipping traffic, which was consistent with its use as an antifouling agent. In about 8% of the 269 locations across Canada at which samples were collected, tributyltin was found in water at concentrations which could cause chronic toxicity in a sensitive species, rainbow trout. Tributyltin was occasionally found in the surface microlayer of fresh water at much higher concentrations than in subsurface water. It was also found in about 30% of sediment samples collected across Canada. The few fish analyzed that contained tributyltin were from harbours, a finding consistent with findings in water and sediment. Biological degradation in water and sediment appears to be the most important factor limiting the persistence of tributyltin in aquatic ecosystems. Estimates of the half-life of biological degradation of tributyltin in fresh water and sediment in Canada are in the range of a few weeks to 4-5 months, respectively. Recent Canadian regulations of tributyltin are discussed as well as the current Canadian Environmental Protection Act review of non-pesticidal organotins.
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Maguire, R. James, i Richard J. Tkacz. "Concentration of Tributyltin in the Surface Microlayer of Natural Waters". Water Quality Research Journal 22, nr 2 (1.05.1987): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1987.017.

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Abstract High concentrations of the very toxic antifouling agent tributyltin have been found in 24 surface microlayer samples in a survey of 74 locations in Ontario, Quebec, and New York State. In 6 of these 24 locations the concentration of tributyltin in the surface microlayer exceeded the 24-hr LC-50 value for adult rainbow trout. The most heavily contaminated area was the mouth of the Moira River at Belleville, Ontario, where the concentration of tributyltin in the surface microlayer was 42 times the 24-hr LC-50 value for trout. The concentration of tributyltin in the surface microlayer was occasionally so much greater than that in subsurface water that the microlayer contained a significant amount of tributyltin relative to that in the whole depth of the subsurface water. Similar findings were observed for the less toxic degradation products of tributyltin - dibutyltin, monobutyltin and inorganic tin.
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NISHIKIMI, Akihiko, Yukimi KIRA, Emiko KASAHARA, Eisuke F. SATO, Tomoko KANNO, Kozo UTSUMI i Masayasu INOUE. "Tributyltin interacts with mitochondria and induces cytochrome c release". Biochemical Journal 356, nr 2 (24.05.2001): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3560621.

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Although triorganotins are potent inducers of apoptosis in various cell types, the critical targets of these compounds and the mechanisms by which they lead to cell death remain to be elucidated. There are two major pathways by which apoptotic cell death occurs: one is triggered by a cytokine mediator and the other is by a mitochondrion-dependent mechanism. To elucidate the mechanism of triorganotin-induced apoptosis, we studied the effect of tributyltin on mitochondrial function. We found that moderately low doses of tributyltin decrease mitochondrial membrane potential and induce cytochrome c release by a mechanism inhibited by cyclosporine A and bongkrekic acid. Tributyltin-induced cytochrome c release is also prevented by dithiols such as dithiothreitol and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol but not by monothiols such as GSH, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, l-cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol. Further studies with phenylarsine oxide agarose revealed that tributyltin interacts with the adenine nucleotide translocator, a functional constituent of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which is selectively inhibited by dithiothreitol. These results suggest that, at low doses, tributyltin interacts selectively with critical thiol residues in the adenine nucleotide translocator and opens the permeability transition pore, thereby decreasing membrane potential and releasing cytochrome c from mitochondria, a series of events consistent with established mechanistic models of apoptosis.
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Ambrosini, Annarina, Enrico Bertoli, Giovanna Zolese i Fabio Tanfani. "Interaction of tributylin acetate and tributyltin chloride with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine model membrane". Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 58, nr 1-2 (maj 1991): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(91)90113-p.

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Jayanthi, Arumugam. "Tributyltin Hydride (Bu3SnH)". Synlett 2007, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 0173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-958426.

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Simmonds, Mark. "Tributyltin—new legislation". Oryx 21, nr 2 (kwiecień 1987): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300026685.

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Darwish, Alla, i J. Michael Chong. "Synthesis of Hexabutylditin from Tributyltin Hydride and bis(Tributyltin)oxide". Synthetic Communications 34, nr 10 (31.12.2004): 1885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/scc-120034172.

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Mimura, Haruo, Ryusei Sato, Yuichi Furuyama, Akira Taniike, Masahiro Yagi, Kazutoshi Yoshida i Akira Kitamura. "Adsorption of tributyltin by tributyltin resistant marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. cells". Marine Pollution Bulletin 57, nr 6-12 (styczeń 2008): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.029.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Tributyltin"

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Miller, Cynthia Elizabeth. "Tributyltin resistance among freshwater sediment bacteria". The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1346092511.

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Unger, Michael A. "Investigation of tributyltin: Water/sediment interactions". W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616885.

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Tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) have been quantitatively analyzed in environmental water samples using gas chromatography with flame photometric detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The butyltins were extracted from environmental samples with hexane/0.2% tropolone and derivatized with hexyl magnesium bromide to form hexylbutyltins. Full scanning GC/MS was used for confirmation of peak identifications and quantification was done by selective ion monitoring (methane chemical ionization) at m/z 319 (TBT) and m/z 347 (DBT, MBT and tripentyltin, the internal standard). Calibration curves were linear and detection limits were less than 2 ngL&\sp{lcub}-1{rcub}&. GC/MS and GC with flame photometric detection were compared as quantification methods and were shown to give similar results at the low ngL&\sp{lcub}-1{rcub}& levels. Water samples from Southern Chesapeake Bay were analyzed for TBT in areas of high boating activity. Several sites around a marina were sampled at repeated intervals. High spatial and temporal variability was noted. Reproducible concentration gradients were apparent, with the highest TBT levels near marinas and boatyards. Equilibrium sorption of TBT was measured on selected estuarine and freshwater sediments. Isotherms from twenty-four hour sorption and desorption equilibrations were linear with sorption coefficients between 1.1 &\times& 10&\sp2& and 8.2 &\times& 10&\sp3& Lkg&\sp{lcub}-1{rcub}&. Sorption coefficients decreased with increasing salinity and varied by a factor of two over the salinity range 0-34&\perthous&. Desorption kinetics were measured and indicated an initial fast rate followed by a slower rate. Water and sediment concentrations for TBT at locations in the Chesapeake Bay system were used to calculate apparent sorption coefficients that generally agreed with laboratory measured sorption coefficients. Exceptionally high apparent sorption coefficients were found near areas of high vessel activity and may be the result of TBT paint chips in the sediment.
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Briscoe, Scott F. "Tributyltin : molecular approaches to an environmental problem". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85133.

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Tributyltin compounds have been used on a global scale for many decades now, and thus have become global environmental contaminants. These compounds are highly toxic, and deleterious effects on numerous organisms have been demonstrated. Yet, little is known of the molecular mechanisms of tributyltin's extreme toxicity. To obtain a better understanding of such mechanisms, a luxAB gene-fusion library of Escherichia coli was screened for changes in gene expression upon cellular exposure to tributyltin. Two clones, designated TBT1 and TBT3, were thus found, both showing an increased light emission in the presence of added tributyltin. Northern blotting analyses confirmed a marked increase in the transcription of the tributyltin-responsive gene identified from each clone. These genes appear to play a protective role when cells are exposed to tributyltin at concentrations ≧ 10 mug/ml, with minimal-dose responses of 0.1 mug/l when grown on LB media. Speciation studies indicated TBT+ as the active chemical species in eliciting these responses. Mapping and sequencing of these tributyltin-responsive genes revealed that the luxAB reporter element had inserted within the uhpT gene in the TBT1 clone. This gene encodes a sugar-phosphate transporter protein, which has been shown to be up-regulated by external glucose-6-phosphate and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate. On a kinetic level, the increased expression of uhpT by tributyltin closely mirrors that produced by 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate. In addition to tributyltin, TBT1 also responds to dibutyltin, monobutyltin, trimethyltin, triethyltin, tripropyltin, trifluoroacetic acid, and vanadium. Similar mapping and sequencing experiments revealed the luxAB reporter genes within the stpA gene in the TBT3 clone, but in an antisense orientation, such that they were not under the regulatory control of stpA. The lack of an appropriate open reading frame for this 140-nucleotide transcript (identified by Northern blo
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Bailey, Susan K. "Tributyltin (TBT) contamination in Scottish coastal waters". Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292212.

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Dingle, Pope Nicholas. "The bioavailability of sediment-bound tributyltin (TBT)". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2606.

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Tributyltin is arguably the most toxic compound ever to be deliberately introduced into the marine environment as an ingredient of antifouling paints. It has had widespread toxic effects on a range of marine organisms, with some gastropod species being particularly sensitive. Effects of TBT on non-target species have resulted in partial bans on its use in many countries, so that new inputs to the water column have decreased in most areas. One of the physicochemical features of TBT is that it is readily sequestered by suspended particulates due to its low solubility and its hydrophobicity, therefore becoming incorporated into estuarine sediments. The availability of this sediment-bound TBT has been investigated through its potential for re-release back to the water column, and directly from the sediment using the sediment dwelling gastropod Hinia reticulata. The sorption process itself has been investigated using natural components to determine the sediment-water partition coefficient (Kd) together with factors affecting its magnitude. Sorption by sediments has been shown to be rapid (minutes), although the achievement of equilibrium may take longer (hours), and exhibits a Freundlich-like dependence on the TBT concentration due to the variable energies of TBT sorption sites on sediment particles. The major determinant of Kd is sediment type, greater adsorption occurring in fine-grained organic rich sediments compared to low organic sands; although both salinity and pH modify the degree of adsorption. The sorption process has been shown to be reversible, so that previously contaminated sediments may act as reservoirs of TBT, releasing the compound back to the overlying water for many years. Hinia reticulate has been shown to be an effective and quantitative accumulator of both dissolved and sediment-bound TBT, principally acquiring TBT from water across the respiratory surfaces. When additionally exposed to sediments, significantly higher body burdens were accumulated, with up to 80% of the total attributable to the sediment. Uptake of TBT across the surface of the headtfoot appears to be an important pathway for sediment-exposed Hinia reticulata, while the ingestion of contaminated sediment does not appear to occur. Hinia reticulata is capable of metabolising TBT to lesser butylated and presumably less toxic products which are excreted, making its accumulated body burdens responsive to changing environmental TBT levels, and increasing its value as a biomonitor When exposed to a range of TBT contaminated sediments, Hinia reticulata showed there to be greater TBT availability from sediments with a low sorptive capacity (sands), principally through desorption of TBT to the overlying water. Fine-grained organic-rich muds, which have a greater capacity for TBT, produced lower accumulated burdens in Hinia reticulata, but may represent more important long-term sources of TBT to benthic organisms in estuaries.
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Cruz, Andreia Sofia Henriques. "Tributyltin (TBT) resistance in Aeromonas molluscorum Av27". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9545.

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Doutoramento em Biologia Molecular
O tributilestanho (TBT) é considerado um dos xenobióticos mais tóxicos, produzidos e deliberadamente introduzidos no meio ambiente pelo Homem. Tem sido usado numa variedade de processos industriais e subsequentemente descarregado no meio ambiente. O tempo de meia-vida do TBT em águas marinhas é de várias semanas, mas em condições de anóxia nos sedimentos, pode ser de vários anos, devido à sua degradação mais lenta. Embora o TBT tenha sido descrito como sendo tóxico para eucariotas e procariotas, muitas bactérias podem ser resistentes a este composto. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal elucidar o mecanismo de resistência ao TBT em bactérias. Para além disso, pretendeu-se desenvolver um biorepórter para detectar TBT no ambiente. Para atingir estes objetivos foram delineadas várias tarefas cujos principais resultados obtidos se apresentam a seguir. Várias bactérias resistentes ao TBT foram isoladas de sedimento e água do Porto de Pesca Longínqua (PPL) na Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. Entre estas, Aeromonas molluscorum Av27 foi selecionada devido à sua elevada resistência a este composto (concentrações até 3 mM), à sua capacidade de degradar o TBT em compostos menos tóxicos (dibutilestanho, DBT e monobutilestanho, MBT) e também por usar o TBT como fonte de carbono. A. molluscorum Av27 foi caracterizada genotipica e fenotipicamente. Os fatores de virulência estudados mostraram que esta estirpe i) possui atividade lipolítica; ii) não é citotóxica para células de mamíferos, nomeadamente para células Vero; iii) não possui integrões de classe I e II e iv) possui cinco plasmídeos com aproximadamente 4 kb, 7 kb, 10 kb, 100 kb e mais de 100 kb. Estes resultados mostraram que a estirpe Av27 não é tóxica, aumentando assim o interesse nesta bactéria para futuras aplicações, nomeadamente na bioremediação. Os testes de toxicidade ao TBT mostraram que este composto tem um impacto negativo no crescimento desta estirpe, bem como, na densidade, no tamanho e na atividade metabólica das células e é responsável pela formação de agregados celulares. Assim, o TBT mostrou ser bastante tóxico para as bactérias interferindo com a atividade celular geral. O gene Av27-sugE, que codifica a proteína SugE pertencente à família das “small multidrug resistance proteins” (SMR), foi identificado como estando envolvido na resistência ao TBT nesta estirpe. Este gene mostrou ser sobreexpresso quando as células crescem na presença de TBT. O promotor do gene Av27-sugE foi utilizado para construir um bioreporter para detetar TBT, contendo o gene da luciferase do pirilampo como gene repórter. O biorepórter obtido reúne as características mais importantes de um bom biorepórter: sensibilidade (intervalo de limite de detecção de 1-1000 nM), rapidez (3 h são suficientes para a deteção de sinal) e, possivelmente, não é invasivo (pois foi construído numa bactéria ambiental). Usando sedimento recolhido no Porto de Pesca Longínqua da Ria de Aveiro, foi preparada uma experiência de microcosmos com o intuito de avaliar a capacidade de Av27 para bioremediar o TBT, isoladamente ou em associação com a comunidade bacteriana indígena. A análise das amostras de microcosmos por PCR-DGGE e de bibliotecas de 16S rDNA revelaram que a comunidade bacteriana é relativamente estável ao longo do tempo, mesmo quando Av27 é inoculada no sedimento. Para além disso, o sedimento estuarino demonstrou ser dominado por bactérias pertencentes ao filo Proteobacteria (sendo mais abundante as Delta e Gammaproteobacteria) e Bacteroidetes. Ainda, cerca de 13% dos clones bacterianos não revelaram nenhuma semelhança com qualquer dos filos já definidos e quase 100% afiliou com bactérias não cultiváveis do sedimento. No momento da conclusão desta tese, os resultados da análise química de compostos organoestânicos não estavam disponíveis, e por essa razão não foi possível tirar quaisquer conclusões sobre a capacidade desta bactéria remediar o TBT em sedimentos. Esses resultados irão ajudar a esclarecer o papel de A. molluscorum Av27 na remediação de TBT. Recentemente, a capacidade da estirpe Av27 remediar solo contaminado com TBT foi confirmada em bioensaios realizados com plantas, Brassica rapa e Triticum aestivum (Silva 2011a), e também com invertebrados Porcellionides pruinosus (Silva 2011B). Assim, poder-se-á esperar que a bioremediação do sedimento na experiência de microcosmos também tenha ocorrido. No entanto, só a análise química dos compostos organostânicos deverá ser conclusiva. Devido à dificuldade em realizar a análise analítica de organoestânicos, um método de bioensaio fácil, rápido e barato foi adaptado para avaliar a toxicidade do TBT em laboratório, antes de se proceder à análise química das amostras. O método provou a sua utilidade, embora tenha mostrado pouca sensibilidade quando se usam concentrações de TBT baixas. Em geral, os resultados obtidos contribuíram para um melhor entendimento do mecanismo de resistência ao TBT em bactérias e mostraram o potencial biotecnológico de A. molluscorum Av27, nomeadamente, no que refere à sua possível aplicação na descontaminação de TBT no ambiente e também no desenvolvimento de biorepórteres.
Tributyltin (TBT) is considered as one of the most toxic xenobiotics, ever produced and deliberately introduced into the environment by Man. It has been used in a variety of industrial processes and subsequently discharged into the environment. The typical half-life of TBT in marine waters is of several weeks, but in deeper anoxic sediments it may be of several years, due to its slower degradation. Although TBT has been reported to be toxic to both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, bacteria can be resistant to this compound. In the present work a major goal was outlined: to elucidate the TBT resistance mechanism in bacteria. Additionally, it was also an objective developing a bioreporter to detect TBT in the environment. For this purpose a number of tasks were delineated and the main results obtained are bellow described. Several resistant bacteria were isolated from sediment and water at Porto de Pesca Longínqua (PPL) site in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. Among those, Aeromonas molluscorum Av27 was selected due to its high resistance to TBT (up to 3 mM), its ability to degrade this compound into less toxic compounds (dibutyltin, DBT and monobutyltin, MBT) and also because it uses TBT as carbon source. A. molluscorum Av27 was genotypically and phenotypically characterized. The virulence factors studied showed that Av27 strain: i) has lipolytic activity; ii) is not cytotoxic for mammal cells, namely Vero cells; iii) does not have class I and II integrons and iv) possesses five plasmids with approximately 4 kbp, 7 kbp, 10 kbp, 100 kbp and more than 100 kbp. These results demonstrated that Av27 strain is not toxic, increasing the interest on this bacterium for future applications, namely bioremediation. Different growth parameters were studied revealing that a temperature of 25°C, a salinity range from 1 to 4% and a pH between 6 and 9 were the optimal growth conditions to Av27 strain. Regarding the antibiotic resistance profile, A. molluscorum Av27 is resistant to penicillin (10 μg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (30 μg) and cephalothin (30 μg) and also to the vibriostatic agent O/129; moreover, Av27 strain uses various compounds as carbon and energy source. TBT toxicity tests showed that this compound has a negative impact on bacterial growth, cell density, cell size and metabolic activity and promoted the formation of cell aggregates. Thus, TBT was found to be very toxic for this bacterium interfering with general cell activity. A gene, Av27-sugE, encoding the SugE protein belonging to the small multidrug resistance (SMR) proteins family was identified to be involved in the TBT resistance in this strain. This gene showed to be over-expressed when cells grow in the presence of TBT. Based on the Av27-sugE putative promoter, a bioreporter for TBT was constructed, containing the firefly luciferase as the reporter gene. The obtained bioreporter gathers the most important characteristics of a good bioreporter: sensitivity (detection limit range from 1-1000 nM), fastness (3 h for signal detection) and possibly non-invasive (it was constructed in an environmental bacterium). A microcosm experiment using estuarine sediment from PPL, Ria de Aveiro, was established to evaluate the ability of Av27 to bioremediate TBT, alone or in association with the indigenous bacterial community. PCR-DGGE and 16S rDNA libraries analysis of the microcosm samples revealed that the bacterial community is relatively stable over time, even when Av27 is inoculated in the sediment. Additionally, the estuarine sediment demonstrated to be dominated by bacteria belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria (among the most abundant Delta and Gammaproteobacteria) and Bacteroidetes. Moreover, about 13% of the bacterial clones showed no similarity to any of the phyla already defined and almost 100% affiliated with unculturable sediment bacteria. At the time of conclusion of this thesis, the results of organotin compounds chemical analysis were not available; therefore it was not possible to draw any conclusions about the TBT remediation in microcosm. Those results will help clarify the role of A. molluscorum Av27 in the remediation of TBT. Recently the ability of Av27 strain to remediate soil contaminated with TBT was confirmed in bioassays performed with plants, Brassica rapa and Triticum aestivum (Silva 2011a) and also invertebrates Porcellionides pruinosus (Silva 2011b). Thus it could also be expected that bioremediation of the sediment from the microcosm experiment has also occurred. Still only the organotin chemical analysis shall be conclusive. Due to the difficulty in performing analytical analysis, an easy, rapid, and inexpensive bioassay method was adapted to monitor TBT toxicity in the laboratory, prior to chemical analysis. The method proved its usefulness albeit showing low sensitivity when low TBT concentrations are used. Overall, the results obtained contributed to the elucidation of TBT resistance in bacteria and revealed the biotechnological potential of A. molluscorum Av27, namely in its possible application to decontaminating TBT in the natural environment and also in the development of bioreporters.
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Barros, Ana Rodrigues. "Tributyltin (TBT) effects at a vascular level". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16393.

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Mestrado em Toxicologia e Ecotoxicologia
Organotins are an important class man made organometallic compounds and tributyltin (TBT) is one of the most studied chemicals within this class. TBT is a potent endocrine disruptor being also considered as an obesogenic, immunotoxic and neurotoxic compound. Humans were exposed to this and other organotin compounds as a consequence of their widespread commercial applications including plastic stabilizers, catalytic agents and industrial biocides. Their utilization as catalytic agents in the production of silicones leads to the presence of these chemicals in silicone based products including those used in biomedical applications such as breast implants and cardiac valves which may constitute a potential source of exposure. According to the World Health Organization cardiovascular diseases are sharply increasing and constitute the prime cause of death globally. Taking this into account, regulatory agencies, recommend the study of organotin compounds toxicity. Considering the limited number of studies on the cardiovascular effects of organotins, the present thesis aims to elucidate the effects of TBT at the vascular level. The study of TBT effect on the contractility of rat artery (aorta) was performed by the organ bath technique and the L-type calcium channels in A7r5 (cell line derived from the smooth muscle of embryonic rat aorta) was measured by whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. The obtained results demonstrated that TBT seems to relax the rat aorta without endothelium contracted by noradrenaline and potassium chloride but this effect is not significantly different from the respectively ethanol control. The electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of the calcium current by the L-type calcium channels in the A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells was also not significantly different, which suggests that probably the mode of action of TBT is more complex and involves other pathways.
Os compostos orgânicos de estanho são uma importante classe de compostos organometálicos produzidos pelo homem, e o tributilestanho (TBT) é um dos químicos mais estudados dentro desta classe. O TBT atua como um potente disruptor endócrino, sendo também considerado como um composto obesogénico, imunotóxico e neurotóxico. A exposição humana a este e outros compostos orgânicos de estanho deve-se à sua vasta utilização em aplicações comerciais como estabilizadores de plásticos, agentes catalíticos e biocidas industriais. A sua utilização como agentes catalíticos na produção de silicones faz com que estes compostos estejam presentes em vários produtos à base de silicone, incluindo os usados em aplicações biomédicas como implantes mamários e válvulas cardíacas, o que pode constituir uma fonte potencial de exposição para os humanos. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, as doenças cardiovasculares estão a aumentar e são consideradas como a principal causa de morte a nível mundial. Tendo isto em conta, as agências reguladoras recomendam o estudo da toxicidade dos compostos orgânicos de estanho. Considerando o número limitado de estudos sobre os efeitos cardiovasculares dos compostos orgânicos de estanho, o presente trabalho pretende elucidar os efeitos do TBT ao nível vascular. Os efeitos do TBT na contractilidade de artérias de rato (aorta) foram estudados pela técnica do banho de órgãos e a medição dos canais de cálcio tipo L foi realizada em A7r5 (linha celular de músculo liso vascular derivada de aorta embrionária de rato) através da técnica do patch clamp na configuração whole cell. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o TBT parece induzir relaxamento nas artérias sem endotélio contraídas previamente com noradrenalina e com cloreto de potássio, mas esse efeito não é significativamente diferente do controlo de solvente usado. Nas experiências de eletrofisiologia a inibição das correntes de cálcio através dos canais de cálcio tipo L nas células A7r5 também não mostrou ser significativamente diferente do controlo, o que parece demonstrar que o modo de ação pelo qual o TBT induz efeito nas células vasculares é mais complexo e envolve outras vias.
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Gkenakou, Evgenia-Varvara. "The remediation of tributyltin-contaminated dredgings and waters". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/67188/.

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Tributyltin (TBT) is a pollutant, mainly introduced to the environment as a marine anti-fouling agent. The aim of this work was to assess and develop sustainable and cost-effective remediation technologies for TBT-contaminated dredged materials. For this purpose, analytical methods were developed for sediments and sediment leachates. For the sediments, a triple extraction followed by derivatisation and measurement by gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection was employed, avoiding the lengthy concentration step of the organic layer. The TBT detection limit of ca 0.04 mg Sn/kg in sediment was below the suggested limit of 0.1 mg/kg for sea disposal of TBT-contaminated dredgings (OSPAR Commission). For the leachates, derivatisation and extraction into hexane was used. Also, a new procedure, with the potential for automation, was developed for the simultaneous analysis of multiple water samples, based on in situ extraction and derivatisation on C18 solid phase extraction cartridges. No legislative limits existed for TBT in leachates, therefore the detection limits of ca 6-10 ng Sn/L achieved were regarded satisfactory, as they were below or similar to the EQS for coastal and estuarine waters or freshwaters (2-20 ng/L TBT). A pilot investigation was carried out on a dockyard to evaluate the use of X-Ray fluorescence as a screening method for the presence of TBT in sediments. Due to tin contamination such a technique was not suitable for the site examined. Incineration was found to remove TBT but it would incur very high costs. Ultrasonic destruction was not effective enough, even on TBT-spiked water solutions. Carbon products, pure clays, organically modified clays, zero valent iron, fly ash and cements were screened for their abilities to prevent TBT leaching, using a leaching test. The best performer was a powdered activated carbon product which, even mixed with cement that increases the leaching of TBT, delivered a TBT-free (< 5 ng Sn/L) leaching test result 33 days after the mixing. The result showed that this technique could provide a solution for the immobilisation of TBT in contaminated dredgings by mixing this relatively low-cost, multi-purpose and inert additive, with or without cement according to the site specific requirements.
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Sutton, Benjamin Josiah. "Intramolecular radical additions to pyridines, quinolines and isoquinolines". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/426728/.

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Sakultantimetha, Arthit. "Enhancement of tributyltin biodegradation for sustainable remediation of the environment". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14442.

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Książki na temat "Tributyltin"

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Dr, Benson Robert, World Health Organization, International Program on Chemical Safety. i Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals., red. Tributyltin oxide. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999.

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Ebdon, L. The variation of tributyltin levels with time in selected estuaries prior to the introduction of regulations governing the use of tributyltin-based anti-fouling paints. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publsihing, 1988.

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J, De Mora S., red. Tributyltin: Case study of an environmental contaminant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

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Lund, M. A. The disposal of tributyltin wastes to landfill. [London]: Department of the Environment, Wastes Technical Division, 1991.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Protection. The effects of the chemical tributyltin (TBT) on the marine environment: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Environmental Protection of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One hundredth Congress, first session, April 29, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Wisconsin--Superior, University of, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Health and Ecological Criteria Division, Environmental Research Laboratory (Duluth, Minn.), Environmental Research Laboratory (Narragansett, R.I.), United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water i Great Lakes Environmental Center (Traverse City, Mich.), red. Ambient aquatic life water quality criteria for tributyltin: Draft. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 1997.

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Wisconsin--Superior, University of, Great Lakes Environmental Center, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Health and Ecological Criteria Division., Environmental Research Laboratory (Duluth, Minn.), Environmental Research Laboratory (Narragansett, R.I.) i United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water., red. Ambient aquatic life water quality criteria for tributyltin: Draft. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 1997.

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W, Hall Lenwood, i Maryland. Chesapeake Bay Research and Monitoring Division., red. Butyltin and copper monitoring in a northern Chesapeake Bay marina and river system in 1989: An assessment of tributyltin legislation. Queenstown, Md: University of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment Station, Wye Research and Education Center, 1990.

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Meador, James Parnell. Determination of a tissue and sediment threshold for tributyltin (TBT) to protect prey species of juvenile salmonids listed under the Endangered Species Act. [Seattle, Wash.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2001.

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Irish, J. M. Industrial uses of tributyltin oxide and the resultant water quality implications. Birmingham: Tame Division, Severn-Trent Water Authority, 1986.

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Części książek na temat "Tributyltin"

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Treichel, Paul M., Marvin H. Tegen i Stephen A. Koch. "(Benzenethiolato) Tributyltin". W Inorganic Syntheses, 114–15. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132562.ch25.

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Unger, M. A., R. J. Huggett i W. G. MacIntyre. "Sorption Behavior of Tributyltin". W Organotin, 475–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1507-7_23.

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Maguire, R. James. "Tributyltin in Canadian Waters". W Organotin, 535–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1507-7_26.

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Lee, Richard F. "Metabolism of Tributyltin by Aquatic Organisms". W Organotin, 369–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1507-7_18.

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Laughlin, Roy B., John Thain, Brad Davidson, Aldis O. Valkirs i Frederick C. Newton. "Experimental Studies of Chronic Toxicity of Tributyltin Compounds". W Organotin, 191–217. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1507-7_10.

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Seligman, P. F., R. J. Maguire, R. F. Lee, K. R. Hinga, A. O. Valkirs i P. M. Stang. "Persistence and Fate of Tributyltin in Aquatic Ecosystems". W Organotin, 429–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1507-7_21.

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Huggett, R. J., D. A. Evan, W. G. MacIntyre, M. A. Unger, P. F. Seligman i L. W. Hall. "Tributyltin Concentration in Waters of the Chesapeake Bay". W Organotin, 485–501. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1507-7_24.

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Huggett, R. J., F. A. Espourteille, C. D. Rice, M. A. Unger, C. A. Dooley i S. Y. Cola. "Analytical Methods for Tributyltin in Sediments and Tissues". W Organotin, 135–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1507-7_7.

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Schatzberg, Paul. "Measurement and Significance of the Release Rate for Tributyltin". W Organotin, 383–403. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1507-7_19.

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Seligman, P. F., C. M. Adema, J. Grovhoug, R. L. Fransham, A. O. Valkirs, M. O. Stallard i P. M. Stang. "Environmental Loading of Tributyltin from Drydocks and Ship Hulls". W Organotin, 405–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1507-7_20.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Tributyltin"

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Lee, R., A. Valkirs i P. Seligman. "Fate of Tributyltin in Estuarine Waters". W OCEANS '87. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1987.1160625.

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Salazar, M., i S. Salazar. "Tributyltin Effects on Juvenile Mussel Growth". W OCEANS '87. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1987.1160641.

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Champ, M., i W. Pugh. "Tributyltin Antifouling Paints: Introduction and Overview". W OCEANS '87. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1987.1160644.

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Olson, G., i F. Brinckman. "Biodegradation of Tributyltin by Chesapeake Bay Microorganisms". W OCEANS '86. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1986.1160369.

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Lee, R. "Metabolism of Bis(Tributyltin)Oxide by Estuarine Animals". W OCEANS '86. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1986.1160361.

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Seligman, P., A. Valkirs i R. Lee. "Degradation of Tributyltin in Marine and Estuarine Waters". W OCEANS '86. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1986.1160366.

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Bushong, S., W. Hall, W. Johnson i L. Hall. "Toxicity of Tributyltin to Selected Chesapeake Bay Biota". W OCEANS '87. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1987.1160658.

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Laughlin, R. "Bioaccumulation of Tributyltin: The Link Between Environment and Organism". W OCEANS '86. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1986.1160346.

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Davies, I., J. Drinkwater, J. McKie i P. Balls. "Effects of the Use of Tributyltin Antifoulants in Mariculture". W OCEANS '87. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1987.1160629.

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Unger, M., W. Maclntyre i R. Huggett. "Equilibrium Sorption of Tributyltin Chloride by Chesapeake Bay Sediments". W OCEANS '87. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1987.1160653.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Tributyltin"

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Blair, W. R., G. J. Olson, T. K. Trout, K. L. Jewett i F. E. Brinckman. Accumulation and fate of tributyltin species in microbial biofilms. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.88-3852.

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Kotterman, M. J. J. Waterbodem immobilisatieonderzoek Noordzeekanaal: fase 2 : Binding van dioxines, tributyltin en PAKs aan actief kool. IJmuiden: Wageningen Marine Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/543912.

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