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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Trees – psychological aspects"
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Luo, Jun, i Xiaoxin He. "FENGSHUI AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTHEAST CHINA". Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 4, nr 3 (2000): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853500507834.
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AbstractLiterally translated as 'wind and water', Fengshui has been used as a special and important tool to harmonize people with their built environment and with the surrounding natural world. By examining some aspects of Fengshui as it was employed in traditional villages in southeast China, this paper aims to explore how Fengshui influences the interactions of Chinese people with their natural world. It focuses on two aspects of the employment of Fengshui in the outer spaces of villages in Southeast China: site selection and the entrance organisation. The methodology employed in the research involved both field investigation and archival study with a special emphasis on the historical records of family trees in the villages of Southeast China. Some modern psychological and architectural principles are borrowed as a frame of reference for analysing the Fengshui models. This analysis concludes that Fengshui satisfies not only physical needs, but also environmental, psychological and aesthetic ones. It demonstrates one of the most distinctive and sensitive treatments to aspects of the natural environment and landscape. It has been able, therefore, to improve the quality of the environment.
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Johannessen, Ane, Shanshan Xu, Achenyo Peace Abbah i Christer Janson. "Greenness exposure: beneficial but multidimensional". Breathe 19, nr 2 (czerwiec 2023): 220221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0221-2022.
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Many studies have shown that greenness has beneficial health effects, particularly on psychological and cardiovascular outcomes. In this narrative review, we provide a synthesis of knowledge regarding greenness exposure and respiratory health. The following outcomes were reviewed: respiratory mortality, lung cancer mortality, lung cancer incidence, respiratory hospitalisations, lung function, COPD, and asthma. We identified 174 articles through a literature search in PubMed, of which 42 were eligible for inclusion in this review. The most common marker for greenness exposure was the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), which was used in 29 out of 42 papers. Other markers used were tree canopy cover, landcover/land-use, plant diversity, density of tall trees and subjectively perceived greenness. We found beneficial effects of greenness in most studies regarding respiratory mortality, lung cancer incidence, respiratory hospitalisations and lung function. For lung cancer mortality, asthma and COPD, the effects of greenness were less clear cut. While many aspects of greenness are beneficial, some aspects may be harmful, and greenness may have different health effects in different population subgroups. Future studies of greenness and respiratory diseases should focus on asthma and COPD, on effects in different population subgroups and on disentangling the health effects of the various greenness dimensions.
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de la Fuente Suárez, Luis Alfonso, i Joel Martínez-Soto. "Relaxation and Fascination through Outside Views of Mexican Dwellings". Architecture 2, nr 2 (22.04.2022): 334–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/architecture2020019.
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Exposure to outside views creates opportunities to distract and experience feelings of relaxation. To explore the relationship between the environmental qualities of the views with such psychological states, 89 participants from seven Mexican states evaluated the views they contemplated during the confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Items on fascination, cognitive well-being, and how relaxing and helpful the views were to withstand the confinement were answered. Participants took photographs of the views, which were evaluated according to 41 environmental dimensions, considering the built elements, vegetation, and visibility. Based on these dimensions, a classification of the views into categories was realized with multidimensional scaling. The five categories obtained were (a) immersive views of extensive landscapes with vegetation, (b) non-immersive views of landscapes with vegetation, (c) views of courtyards with vegetation, (d) views of commonplace scenes, and (e) views of mostly built elements. The categories generating the highest and lowest relaxation, fascination, and cognitive well-being were identified. The views of extensive landscapes with vegetation and the views of courtyards were the categories presenting the most favorable psychological effects. Furthermore, a partial correlation network found direct relations between the environmental and psychological dimensions. Fascination relates to the observation of distant elements, mountains, and trees. Meanwhile, relaxation correlates with the presence of plants and anticorrelates with car visibility, the quantity of the windows of the visible buildings, and the variety of built elements. Relaxation was the psychological state with the highest direct relation with the environmental dimensions. Meanwhile, the perceived immersion (the feeling of being outdoors), the quantity of plants, and the attractiveness of the built elements were the environmental aspects most directly related to the psychological dimensions. The multiplicity of environmental and architectural qualities considered allowed specific implications for architecture to be obtained. An integrated configuration of the natural and the built elements, and a limited quantity and variation of the built elements were qualities that generated positive outcomes in the observers of the views.
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Meacham, Meredith C., Alicia L. Nobles, Carlton ‘CB’ Bone, Michael Gilbert i Johannes Thrul. "The Reddit cannabis subjective highness rating scale: Applying computational social science to explore psychological and environmental correlates of naturalistic cannabis use". PLOS ONE 19, nr 6 (25.06.2024): e0300290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300290.
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Social media data provide unprecedented access to discussions of active, naturalistic, and often real-time cannabis use in an era of cannabis policy liberalization. The aim of this study was to explore psychological and environmental correlates of cannabis effects by applying computational social science approaches to a large dataset of unprompted reports of naturalistic cannabis use with corresponding self-reported numerical ratings of subjective highness. Post title text was extracted via the Pushshift dataset from N = 328,865 posts to the r/trees Reddit community, where posters self-assess and disclose how high they feel on a scale from 1 to 10 (M = 6.9, SD = 1.8). Structural topic modelling and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary-based approaches were applied to identify (1) frequently discussed topics and (2) text indicative of 5 psychological processes (affective, social, cognitive, perceptual, biological), respectively, as well as to examine relationships between subjective highness and (1) topic prevalence and (2) psychological process word counts. A 40-topic model was selected for interpretation based on semantic coherence and exclusivity. The most discussed topics in a 40-topic model were characterized by references to smoking places, social contexts, positive affect, cognitive states, as well as food and media consumed. In LIWC dictionary analyses, words mentioning affective, social, and cognitive processes were referenced more often than perceptual or body processes. Posters reported greater subjective highness when using language that referred to in-person social environments and lower subjective highness when using language that referred to online social environments and positive affect psychological states. This examination of unprompted online reports of naturalistic cannabis use identified textual content referring to affect and to other people as being associated with perceived effects of cannabis. These affective and social aspects of the cannabis use experience were salient to active posters in this online community and should be integrated into experience sampling methods and behavioral pharmacology research, as well as public health messaging.
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Trofimova, T. E. "Social Rehabilitation of People Convicted for Crime Committing by Means of Architecture and Landscape Design (Hybrid Space of Social Adaptation Centers)". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, nr 5 (1.02.2022): 052049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/5/052049.
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Abstract The purpose of the research is providing a rationale for the design of special areas aimed at the psychophysical discharge (landscape gardens, special recreation areas in the premises of social adaptation centres) for the people who were imprisoned for crime commitment. To achieve the purpose set, the authors state and implement the following objectives: study of medical and psychological aspects of a person staying in the places of detention, consideration of green area arrangement issues - landscape remedial gardens in terms of botanic, analysis of the existing social adaptation centres, revelation of positive and negative points of their use, suggestion of solutions for the problems identified, analysis of various options of the landscape garden layouts, development of the concept for and suggestion of the arrangement of areas intended for psychophysical discharge in real situation. Basing upon the analysis of the experimental project the authors suggested the fundamental principles for the arrangement of the areas of psychophysical discharge and efficient rehabilitation at the Social adaptation centres intended for the people convicted and released from the places of detention. The authors defined the use of special plants to make the microclimate healthier and create the favorable video environment - using harmonious non-aggressive forms in the interiors, using green planting to reduce human stress, using green planting components for buildings and the functional zoning of plant trees and shrubs. At the uniform architecture&layout and technology space solution multiple scenarios may occur in terms of such space use by means of the application of psychological discharge areas with various green planting. It is necessary to stipulate for the free access to the rehabilitation centre space and landscape garden territory for disabled people.
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Xie, Jing, Shixian Luo, Katsunori Furuya, Takahide Kagawa i Mian Yang. "A Preferred Road to Mental Restoration in the Chinese Classical Garden". Sustainability 14, nr 8 (8.04.2022): 4422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084422.
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The impact that classical gardens have on the well-being and quality of life of visitors, especially city dwellers, is an important topic. Scholars have previously focused on landscape aspects, such as water bodies, plants, rocks, chairs, pavilions, and public squares, in various green spaces but have overlooked the road settings that visitors walk on. This study used the Du Fu Thatched Cottage Museum as the subject region and employed a convenience sampling method (n = 730) to analyze the preference and mental restoration of different road settings of Chinese classical gardens. According to the findings, the majority of visitors felt that the road settings in these classical gardens provided psychological recovery, and half of the roads received a preference score of five or above. The regression results indicated that nature, culture, space, refuge, and serene were found to be important predictive dimensions for both mental restoration and preference. Furthermore, this study divides landscape elements in road settings into two major categories (natural and artificial elements) and eight subcategories (trees, shrubs, lawns, roads, fences, walls, decorations, and buildings) to investigate the relationship between various types of specific road setting elements and visitors’ perceived preferences as well as restorability. The correlation results showed that in terms of preference, tree > lawn > path > fence > shrub > wall; in terms of restoration, tree > lawn > shrub > fence > path > decoration > building > wall. Overall, the findings of this research can improve visitor preferences and restoration in a given environmental setting, resulting in a more enjoyable experience.
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Machuca, Carolina, Mario V. Vettore i Peter G. Robinson. "How peoples’ ratings of dental implant treatment change over time?" Quality of Life Research 29, nr 5 (6.01.2020): 1323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02408-1.
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Abstract Objectives Dental implant treatment (DIT) improves peoples’ oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL). Assessment of longitudinal changes in OHRQoL may be undermined by response shift (RS). RS is the process by which quality of life changes, independent of health status as a result recalibration, reprioritization or reconceptualization. Thus, this study aimed to describe RS in the OHRQoL and perceived oral health of individuals receiving DIT and to compare the then-test, a self-anchored scale and the classification and regression trees (CRT) approaches for assessing RS. Methods OHRQoL was assessed in 100 patients receiving DIT using the OHIP-Edent (n = 100) and a self-anchored scale (n = 45) before placement of the final restoration and 3 to 6 months after treatment was completed. The OHIP-Edent was also used as a retrospective assessment at follow-up. CRT examined changes in the OHIP-Edent total score as a dependent variable with global changes in oral health and each OHIP-Edent subscale score as independent variables. Results OHRQoL and perceived oral health improved after treatment. The OHIP-Edent score decreased from 36.4 at baseline to 12.7 after treatment. On average, participants recalibrated their internal standard downwards (− 4.0 OHIP-Edent points). CRT detected downwards recalibration in 5% of participants and upwards in 15%. Reprioritization was observed in the social disability and psychological discomfort aspects of OHRQoL. Conclusions RS affects longitudinal assessments of OHRQoL in DIT, reducing the apparent magnitude of change. The then-test and CRT are valid and complementary methods to assess RS.
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Ortiz, Luz, Héctor Tillerias, Christian Chimbo i Veronica Toaza. "Impact on the video game industry during the COVID-19 pandemic". Athenea 1, nr 1 (25.09.2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/athenea.v1i1.1.
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This work presents trends and comparisons that show a change in the consumption and production of video games in times of confinement due to the health emergency. The video game industry has modified its philosophy and adapted its products to the new requirements and trends of consumers who see in this activity a way to appease the psychological and social impact due to quarantine and isolation. There is evidence of a 65% increase in the use of online video games, which has broken a world record. Products that have new aspects and considerations never before proposed by this great industry have been developed and offered, such as thematic games related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Video game, pandemic, online games, confinement.
References
[1]M. Olff, Screening for consequences of trauma–an update on the global collaboration on traumatic stress.European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 2020.
[2]Z. Li, China’s Digital Content Publishing Industry: The 2019 Annual Report on Investment Insights and Market Trends. Publishing Research Quarterly, 2020.
[3]R. Agis, An event-driven behavior trees extension to facilitate non-player multi-agent coordination in video games, Expert Systems with Applications, 2020.
[4]O. Wulansari, Video games and their correlation to empathy: How to teach and experience empathic emotion. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2020.
[5]C. Bachen, Simulating real lives: Promoting Global Empathy and Interest in Learning Through SimulationGames. Sage Journal, 2012.
[6]S. Fowler, Intercultural simulation games: A review (of the united states and beyond). Sage Journals, 2010.
[7]G. Chursin, Learning game development with Unity3D engine and Arduino microcontroller. Journal ofPhysics: Conference Series, 2019.
[8]K. Hewett, The Acquisition of 21st-Century Skills Through Video Games: Minecraft Design Process Modelsand Their Web of Class Roles. Sage Journal, 2020.
[9]R. Bayeck, Exploring video games and learning in South Africa: An integrative review. Educational TechnologyResearch and Development, 2020.
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Shah, Jilllian, Bianca DePietro, Laura D'Adamo, Marie-Laure Firebaugh, Olivia Laing, Lauren A. Fowler, Lauren Smolar i in. "Development and Usability Testing of a Chatbot to Promote Mental Health Services Use Among Individuals With Eating Disorders Following Screening". Iproceedings 8, nr 1 (11.07.2022): e39408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/39408.
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Background Eating disorders (EDs) are complex mental illnesses with debilitating, pervasive psychological and physiological consequences when left untreated. Unfortunately, patients may face barriers to receiving treatment, such as stereotypes surrounding EDs, denial of illness severity, lack of motivation for treatment, and lack of knowledge about treatment resources. Barriers such as these result in a large treatment gap: only 20% of those with EDs will ever receive treatment. Digital tools like chatbots show potential to disseminate mental health–related interventions to large populations while offering a user-friendly, cost-effective, accessible, and anonymous means of tackling patient concerns. Objective This study developed and evaluated the usability of a chatbot designed for pairing with online ED screening. The tool aimed to promote mental health service utilization by improving motivation for treatment and self-efficacy among individuals with EDs. Methods A chatbot prototype, Alex, was designed using decision trees and theoretically informed components: psychoeducation, motivational interviewing, personalized recommendations, and repeated administration. Usability testing was conducted over 4 iterative cycles, with user feedback informing refinements to the next iteration. Postintervention, participants (N=21) completed the System Usability Scale (SUS), the Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use Questionnaire (USE), and a semistructured interview. This process aimed to create an optimized chatbot by the final cycle for use in a randomized trial. Results Interview feedback detailed chatbot aspects participants enjoyed and aspects necessitating improvement. Feedback converged on four themes: user experience, chatbot qualities, chatbot content, and ease of use. Following refinements, users described Alex as humanlike, supportive, and encouraging. Content was perceived as novel and personally relevant. USE scores across domains were generally above average (~5 out of 7), and SUS scores indicated “good” to “excellent” usability across cycles, with the final iteration receiving the highest average SUS score. Conclusions Overall, participants responded well in interactions with Alex, including the initial version. Refinements between cycles further improved user experiences. This study provides preliminary evidence of the feasibility and acceptance of a chatbot designed to promote motivation for and use of services among individuals with EDs. Alex is the first chatbot designed for pairing with an ED or other mental health–related online screen, with the goal of ultimately increasing service utilization. Acknowledgments This research was supported by K08 MH120341 from the National Institute of Mental Health. Availability of Data, Materials, and Code The data will be made available by reasonable request to the corresponding author. Authors’ Contributions EEFC conceptualized and designed the study. OL and BD conducted the investigation process. BD and JS assisted with data curation and conducted formal thematic analyses. JS conducted formal statistical analyses. JS wrote the original manuscript, with contribution from BD. EEFC, CBT, DEW, and SSS designed the data collection instruments, and coordinated and supervised data collection, in addition to reviewing and editing the manuscript with LS, LMF, LAF, and LD. Conflicts of Interest None declared.
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Ayman, Ummara, Muhammad Sultan Zia, Ofonime Dominic Okon, Najam-ur Rehman, Talha Meraj, Adham E. Ragab i Hafiz Tayyab Rauf. "Epileptic Patient Activity Recognition System Using Extreme Learning Machine Method". Biomedicines 11, nr 3 (7.03.2023): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030816.
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The Human Activity Recognition (HAR) system is the hottest research area in clinical research. The HAR plays a vital role in learning about a patient’s abnormal activities; based upon this information, the patient’s psychological state can be estimated. An epileptic seizure is a neurological disorder of the human brain and affects millions of people worldwide. If epilepsy is diagnosed correctly and in an early stage, then up to 70% of people can be seizure-free. There is a need for intelligent automatic HAR systems that help clinicians diagnose neurological disorders accurately. In this research, we proposed a Deep Learning (DL) model that enables the detection of epileptic seizures in an automated way, addressing a need in clinical research. To recognize epileptic seizures from brain activities, EEG is a raw but good source of information. In previous studies, many techniques used raw data from EEG to help recognize epileptic patient activities; however, the applied method of extracting features required much intensive expertise from clinical aspects such as radiology and clinical methods. The image data are also used to diagnose epileptic seizures, but applying Machine Learning (ML) methods could address the overfitting problem. In this research, we mainly focused on classifying epilepsy through physical epileptic activities instead of feature engineering and performed the detection of epileptic seizures in three steps. In the first step, we used the open-source numerical dataset of epilepsy of Bonn university from the UCI Machine Learning repository. In the second step, data were fed to the proposed ELM model for training in different training and testing ratios with a little bit of rescaling because the dataset was already pre-processed, normalized, and restructured. In the third step, epileptic and non-epileptic activity was recognized, and in this step, EEG signal feature extraction was automatically performed by a DL model named ELM; features were selected by a Feature Selection (FS) algorithm based on ELM and the final classification was performed using the ELM classifier. In our presented research, seven different ML algorithms were applied for the binary classification of epileptic activities, including K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Logistic Regression (LR), Stochastic Gradient Boosting Classifier (SGDC), Gradient Boosting Classifier (GB), Decision Trees (DT), and three deep learning models named Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). After deep analysis, it is observed that the best results were obtained by our proposed DL model, Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), with an accuracy of 100% accuracy and a 0.99 AUC. Such high performance has not attained in previous research. The proposed model’s performance was checked with other models in terms of performance parameters, namely confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, specificity, sensitivity, and the ROC curve.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Trees – psychological aspects"
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Mok, Yam-king Monica. "Emotional experience and its expression in the house-tree-person drawings of children who witness parental disputes". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29727418.
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Fok, Oi-ming, i 霍靄明. "Representation of effects of social exclusion in children's house-tree-person and human figure drawing tests". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45589021.
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Peng, Xiaomei. "Posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic musculoskeletal pain : how are they related?" Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4659.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are a common comorbidity in veterans seeking treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). However, little is known regarding the mutual influence of PTSD and CMP in this population. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a randomized clinical trial evaluating a stepped care intervention for CMP in Iraq/Afghanistan veterans (ESCAPE), this dissertation examined the relationships between PTSD and CMP along with other factors including depression, anxiety, catastrophizing and health-related quality of life. The Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was conducted to identify key factors associated with baseline PTSD besides CMP severity. A series of statistical analyses including logistical regression analysis, mixed model repeated measure analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and cross-lagged panel analysis via structural equation modeling were conducted to test five competing models of PTSD symptom clusters, and to examine the mutual influences of PTSD symptom clusters and CMP outcomes. Results showed baseline pain intensity and pain disability predicted PTSD at 9 months. And baseline PTSD predicted improvement of pain disability at 9 months. Moreover, direct relationships were found between PTSD and the disability component of CMP, and indirect relationships were found between PTSD, CMP and CMP components (intensity and disability) mediated by depression, anxiety and pain catastrophizing. Finally, the coexistence of PTSD and more severe pain was associated with worse SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores. Together these findings provided empirical support for the mutual maintenance theory.
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Smith, Jonathan V. 1966. "The cross and the spiral : a contemplative model of human development for prayerful parenting". Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37320.
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This paper outlines a model of human development to
help guide contemplative practice in parenting and
facilitate prayerful understanding of parent-child
development with a focus upon one's own parent-child
relationship.
The model draws from the tree of life symbolism
represented by the cross and the spiral and further
elaborated through symbolic interpretations of the seed,
root, stem, branch, leaf, and fruit. Contemplative prayer
is seen as a path of self-development that allows parents
to respond to children with goodness, love, wisdom, and
justice.Graduation date: 1992
Książki na temat "Trees – psychological aspects"
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Perlman, Michael. The power of trees: The reforesting of the soul. Woodstock, Conn: Spring Publications, 1994.
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In their branches: Stories from ABC RN's Trees Project. Sydney, NSW: HarperCollins Publishers, 2015.
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Li, Qing. Forest medicine. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
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Yoshikawa, Kimio. Cultural ecology through tree test. Tokyo: Tokai University Press, 1985.
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The power of trees: The reforesting of the soul. Dallas: Spring Publications, 1994.
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Tree Cultures: The Place of Trees and Trees in Their Place. Berg Publishers, 2002.
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The long, long life of trees. 2016.
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The widow and the tree: A novel. San Francisco, CA: MacAdam/Cage Pub., 2009.
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Wohlleben, Peter. Heartbeat of Trees. HarperCollins Publishers Limited, 2022.
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Trees on Mars: Our obsession with the future. 2015.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Trees – psychological aspects"
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Rosenbaum, David A., Jonathan Vaughan, Ruud G. J. Meulenbroek, Steven Jax i Rajal G. Cohen. "Smart Moves: The Psychology of Everyday Perceptual-Motor Acts". W Oxford Handbook of Human Action, 121–35. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195309980.003.0006.
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Abstract In 1996, when IBM’s Deep Blue computer beat the world’s greatest chess player (Gary Kasparov), a person rather than Deep Blue was responsible for looking at the board and moving the pieces. IBM may have chosen to use a person rather than a computer for the perceptual-motor aspects of chess playing because those aspects may have seemed too uninteresting to simulate. Nevertheless, no computer in 1996—and none now—can begin to do what any normal 4-year-old can do—climb trees, pick strawberries, or set up a chess board and lift and move the chess pieces to and from desired locations. The problems to be solved in such tasks are not just physical; they are also psychological. Our understanding of the psychological bases of everyday perceptual motor acts is miniscule compared to our understanding of the psychological bases of more intellectual activities such as chess playing. However, progress is being made on the psychology of physical action. This chapter reviews some progress in this area of research as instantiated in the theory of motor planning developed by the authors and their colleagues.
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Schütze, Hinrich. "Disambiguation and Connectionism". W Polysemy, 205–19. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198238423.003.0011.
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Abstract This chapter looks at word sense disambiguation from the perspective of the field of connectionism (Rumelhart et al. 1986; McClelland et al. 1986). We will bring two central concerns in connectionism to bear on designing a disambiguation algorithm: psychological plausibility and large-scale applicability. Several studies suggest that the concept of activation is crucial for explaining human word sense disambiguation (Kawamoto 1988; Tanenhaus et al. 1979; Swinney 1979). Activation is often modelled using vectors in a multi-dimensional real-valued vector space. We will propose that both senses and contexts of use of the ambiguous word be represented as directions in space, and that a context of use is assigned to the sense whose direction it coincides with. The important role of activation in explaing human word sense disambiguation motivates us to adopt such a vector space representation for contexts and senses. Another aspect of psychological plausibility considered important in connectionism is acquisition. In general, connectionist modelling tries to do without innate constraints or a large body of a priori knowledge unless there is good empirical evidence for hereditary or environmental structure that guides learning. The disambiguation algorithm proposed here acquires knowledge by grouping semantically similar contexts into context groups. The assessment of semantic similarity is one of the basic building blocks of human cognition. No psychologically implausible assumptions about strong innate or environmental structure are therefore necessary for our algorithm.
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Sharma, Swati. "BIOENGINEERING - AN EMERGING TREND IN BIOLOGY (AN INTRODUCTION)". W Futuristic Trends in Medical Sciences Volume 3 Book 15, 189–202. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bams15p2ch4.
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Bioengineering is the emerging trend. It combines the knowledge of engineering with Biological aspects and concepts. It is used in the designing of medical equipment (like diagnostic devices) to add the life values in the society. It tries to meet in integrative, innovative, collaborative and interdisciplinary manner. It provides the solutions for the problems that are unable to solve by the disciplines of engineering and physical and life science. Bioengineering make a bridge between engineering, biology and physical science. It possesses a different perspective of academics. Subjects like Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering creates connections and collaborations among engineering, physical and quantitative sciences. Bioengineers become trained in disciplines of biology and engineering, such as electrical and mechanical engineering, chemistry, and biology computer, and materials science. As engineers and life science workers started working with each other, they recognized that the engineers didn't have potential knowledge about the actual working biological science. For solving these issues, engineers who really want to do something related to biological engineering gives much time to studying the processes of biological, psychological, and medicinal sciences
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Stolze, Radegundis. "Humane Dimensionen des Übersetzungsprozesses". W Dimensionen der Humantranslation / Dimensions of Human Translation, 65–86. Zeta Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/zeta-humantranslation20225.
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The present chapter discusses the human dimensions of the translation process. Translators responsibly act as mediators of a comprehended message and undertake their work as culturally embedded persons. The scientific subject of translation studies is therefore the person of the translator, a person possessed of a body and a mind. The various activities of translators are described socio‑psychologically in terms of the four ‘E’s’: human activities are embodied, embedded, extended and enactive. The process of translation as a performance can be understood in the same terms. Insofar as knowledge, emotions and cultural background play a role, what is significant is the relationship of translators to the outside world, aspects of which are both sensual and existential, and which only afterwards involve mental and cognitive ones. A systematic model of translation also includes the personal growth of the translator who tries to understand texts in a constant learning process. In his or her handling of the text, one’s interest, intuition and feeling for language are decisive for what is presented as the translation. In this chapter, therefore, what is at issue is that the scholarly perspective in translation studies accordingly changes from the comparison of languages to the analysis of translational thinking. The hermeneutic translation competence integrates a variety of aspects both on the linguistic level and in the social dimension, and because this is so, this chapter profiles new questions for research. Keywords: Interest, Intuition, Feeling for Language, Embodiment, Cognition, Understanding.
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Bryant, John P., i Roger W. Ruess. "Mammalian Herbivory, Ecosystem Engineering, and Ecological Cascades in Alaskan Boreal Forests". W Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154313.003.0019.
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The mammalian herbivores of the taiga forests include members of the largest (moose) and smallest (microtines) vertebrates that inhabit North American terrestrial biomes. Their abundance in a particular area fluctuates dramatically due to seasonal use of particular habitats (moose) and external factors that influence demographic processes (microtines). The low visibility of herbivores to the casual observer might suggest that these animals have minimal influence on the structure and the function of boreal forests. On the contrary, seedling herbivory by voles, leaf stripping by moose, or wholesale logging of mature trees by beaver can profoundly change forest structure and functioning. These plant-herbivore interactions have cascading effects on the physical, chemical, and biological components of the boreal ecosystem that shape the magnitude and direction of many physicochemical and biological processes. These processes, in turn, control the vertical and horizontal interactions of the biological community at large. Herbivores act as ecosystem engineers (Jones et al. 1994) in that they reshape the physical characteristics of the habitat, modify the resource array and population ecology of sympatric species, and influence the flux of energy and nutrients through soils and vegetation. Additionally, many herbivores are central to a variety of human activities. Both consumptive and nonconsumptive use of wildlife represents a pervasive aspect of life in the North. In this chapter, we examine the interactions of mammalian herbivores with their environment, with an emphasis on moose, and attempt to delineate the biotic and abiotic conditions under which herbivores influence the phenotypic expression of vegetation. We also examine the role of herbivores, and of wildlife in general, in the context of human perceptions and interactions with their environment. Human-environment interactions are both direct and indirect and pertain to a variety of social expressions. The relationship between humans and wildlife has economic, cultural, and psychological dimensions, which underscore the importance of these animals in a broader social, as well as ecological, context. Northern ecosystems such as the boreal forest are characterized by extreme seasonality and pronounced change in resource availability between summer and winter. Not surprisingly, these conditions are reflected in the population dynamics of the animals that inhabit these environments, particularly in smaller-bodied herbivores.
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Hamburg, David A., i Beatrix A. Hamburg. "Contact, Intergroup Relations, and Opportunities for Education". W Learning to Live Together. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195157796.003.0012.
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If groups are strange to each other and therefore fearful or hostile, why not bring them together so they can get to know each other and become friendly? This plausible approach is more complicated than it looks at first glance. Under what conditions will intergroup contact be helpful? Can it sometimes be harmful? A variety of field and laboratory experiments support the hypothesis that intergroup competition tends to strengthen social relations within each group and to disrupt relations between the groups. If the experiments are arranged in a way that deliberately fosters competition between the groups, these effects are heightened. But even in the absence of such direct instruction or arrangement, potent factors favor interpersonal attraction or mutual attachment within a group: frequency of social interaction, proximity to each other, familiarity, and similarity of attitudes and values. Almost any sort of interaction within a group tends to promote in-group favoritism. Actually, it seems rather difficult to avoid this effect even if one tries to do so. Humans are highly susceptible to invidious in-group/out-group distinctions. Extensive experimental work strongly confirms the rich variety of observations from fieldwork in many cultures over extended times and in a variety of societies. This does indeed seem to be a profound and pervasive human characteristic—one of great practical significance throughout history. We will return to this theme and examples throughout the book. Findings of this sort have led some psychologists to formulate a principle of social identity, which emphasizes the powerful effects of social categorization in its own right. Such categorization seems to highlight an important aspect of the individual self-concept (and self-esteem) based on group membership. Such membership has, from the evolutionary and historical record, been an important feature in human survival over the millennia. In contemporary people—at least, in those who participate in psychological experiments—the cognitive delineation into an in-group and out-group, even without invidious attributions, tends to set in motion a process by which there is an accentuation of similarities within groups and differences between groups. It seems very convenient, easy, and somehow natural for people to deal with these via simple schemas or stereotypes.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Trees – psychological aspects"
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Haustova, V., i Olga Pecherskaya. "PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT IN ECONOMIC PROCESSES. THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGY". W Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_316-320.
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This article examines the relationship between economic science and psychology, how the processes of the human psyche, perception and certain economic processes influence each other. In the course of economic activity, a person manifests himself as a source of various habits, behavior, mood. Economic psychology tries to explain the behavior of an individual in various situations, proceeding from the fact that a person is rational and determines in advance possible positive or negative results for himself.
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Wai Michael Siu, Kin, Kwok Yin Angelina Lo, Yi Lin Wong i Chi Hang Lo. "Playful Public Design by Children". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002044.
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The design of public space and facilities in a country park aims to serve a wide scope of people with diverse needs and interests. Research on human factors should include users of different ages and capabilities. Children are often a forgotten category of users for collecting views and preferences in public design. Their voices and ideas are seldom heard and heeded. It is crucial to involve children in the design process to optimise outdoor recreational and educational experience in a country park. Playful Public Design by Children is a design research project which involved 1,023 children aged 3 to 18. They were guided to use a human factors (or ergonomics) approach to identify and solve problems in the real-life setting of Shing Mun Country Park in Hong Kong. The design research, spanning from 2019 to 2020, was conceived and co-led by a public design lab of a university and a group of art and design studios for children and teenagers. This paper reports an investigation of children’s perception of, observations on and concerns about the country park and the values underlying these concerns. Different phases engaged children in site research and visual-based design projects. For clarity and more in-depth discussion, this paper focuses specifically on children aged 8 -12. The projects allowed children to participate in observing the inadequacies of current park features such as space and facilities design. Research findings reveal children’s ability to embrace complexity in different design situations as they adopted the role as researcher, designer and change-maker. The common problem-solving strategies among their proposed design ideas reflect their concern for fun, fulfilment, adventure, action and harmony of different users (animals included) in the shared outdoor environment. Their proposed design solutions go beyond existing park design that covers only functional and physical aspects. Children’s perspective addresses other human factors such as psychological, emotional and social needs of different users resulting in an array of whimsical designs, such as zoomorphic gazebos, tree houses and observation towers for star-gazing, bird-watching, daydreaming and quiet reading. The significance of the research project is in the pedagogical practice that reveals children’s inherent creativity, design ability and potential as contributing citizens. The project changes urban children’s perception of nature, design and problem-solving strategies, and parents’ perception of design education in children’s creative development. Through the lens of children, designers can find a more well-rounded view inclusive of different human factors that can optimise users' interaction with the country park environment.