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Ered, Arielle, i Lauren M. Ellman. "Specificity of Childhood Trauma Type and Attenuated Positive Symptoms in a Non-Clinical Sample". Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, nr 10 (25.09.2019): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101537.
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Background: Childhood traumatic experiences have been consistently associated with psychosis risk; however, the specificity of childhood trauma type to interview-based attenuated positive psychotic symptoms has not been adequately explored. Further, previous studies examining specificity of trauma to specific positive symptoms have not accounted for co-occurring trauma types, despite evidence of multiple victimization. Methods: We examined the relationship between childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) with type of attenuated positive symptom, as measured by the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS) among a non-clinical, young adult sample (n = 130). Linear regressions were conducted to predict each attenuated positive symptom, with all trauma types entered into the model to control for co-occurring traumas. Results: Results indicated that childhood sexual abuse was significantly associated with disorganized communication and childhood emotional neglect was significantly associated with increased suspiciousness/persecutory ideas, above and beyond the effect of other co-occurring traumas. These relationships were significant even after removing individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (n = 14). Conclusions: Our results suggest that there are differential influences of trauma type on specific positive symptom domains, even in a non-clinical sample. Our results also confirm the importance of controlling for co-occurring trauma types, as results differ when not controlling for multiple traumas.
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Franjic, Sinisa. "Multiple Trauma Can Have Many Different Symptoms". Emergency and Nursing Management 1, nr 1 (21.12.2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-2179/002.
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Multiple trauma can often be recognized by the emergency department based on the location and condition of the patient. The diagnostic focus is on checking vital signs. Blood pressure, EKG and breathing are key factors in determining whether an injured person can be taken to a hospital for treatment. Certain injuries can only be accurately determined in the clinic. An ultrasound examination gives the first findings about injuries to internal organs, including the chest. In addition, computerized tomography of the whole body is performed today. A classic X-ray can also contribute to the diagnosis, but often cannot be done depending on the condition of the patient with multiple trauma. Multiple trauma always means a serious injury, consisting of at least two injuries to the patient. Danger to life can only come from one or more injuries at the same time, depending on their severity.
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Keshet, Hadar, i Eva Gilboa-Schechtman. "The Focality of Sexual Trauma and Its Effects on Women’s Symptoms and Self-Perceptions". Psychology of Women Quarterly 43, nr 4 (15.07.2019): 472–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684319861100.
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Sexual trauma is associated with particularly harmful consequences in comparison to other types of trauma. Studies investigating differences between trauma-types usually focus on the most distressing (i.e., main) trauma of each participant and do not consider the cumulative effects of multiple traumas, which many individuals experience. We sought to fill this gap by examining the effects of trauma-type (sexual vs. nonsexual), as well as the focality assigned to the sexual trauma (whether it was perceived as a main vs. background trauma), on symptoms and self-perceptions. Our sample comprised 231 Jewish-Israeli women: 96 with a single trauma-type and 135 with multiple (two to three) trauma-types. Women completed online measures of trauma history, symptoms, and self-perceptions. Women who were exposed to sexual trauma reported greater symptom severity and self-perception impairments than women with a history of nonsexual trauma-type(s). Among women with multiple trauma-types, those with a main sexual trauma reported greater symptom severity and self-perception impairments than women with a background sexual trauma. When controlling for levels of posttraumatic symptoms, differences in self-perceptions ceased to be significant. Our findings highlight the importance of collecting a detailed trauma history, with attention to trauma-centrality, and of addressing various symptoms and self-perceptions among sexual trauma survivors.
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Teli, Bilal A., Samina Bano i Mohd A. Paul. "Mediation effect of psychological factors on betrayal trauma and physical health symptoms among young adults". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, nr 5 (27.04.2022): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221235.
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Background: Betrayal trauma theory postulates abuse perpetrated by a caregiver or someone close to the victim results in worse mental health and physical health problems than abuse perpetrated by a non caregiver. Hence the present study was designed to study the mediation effect of psychological factors on high betrayal trauma and physical health symptoms among young adults.Methods: young adults with history of trauma based on purposive were taken from Delhi. Out of 200 young adults, 100 were high betrayal traumas and 100 were low betrayal traumas with age group ranged from 20-30 years. In order to identify high betrayal trauma and low betrayal trauma the brief betrayal trauma survey, followed by Toronto alexithymia scale, trauma symptom checklist-40, Pennebaker inventory of limbic languidness and socio-demographic data sheet.Results: The present study studied the mediation analyses and found that sexual abuse and sexual problem were mediates the association between high betrayal trauma and physical health problem.Conclusions: The mediation effect by sexual abuse trauma and sexual problem was reported on high betrayal trauma and physical health symptoms It highlights to inform the health professionals about the diverse range of symptoms associated with betrayal trauma and highlights the urgency of immediate intervention of betrayal trauma and helps the health professionals in awareness of connection among betrayal trauma, psychological difficulties, and physical health complaints and make appropriate assessments and referrals.
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Ojserkis, Rachel, Dean McKay i Se-Kang Kim. "Obsessive-compulsive symptom profiles in individuals exposed to interpersonal versus noninterpersonal trauma". Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 84, nr 1 (marzec 2020): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc_2020_84_04.
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Obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms have been associated with trauma exposure. Although no studies have specified relations between type of trauma and OC symptom presentations, this information may inform personalized care for this complex population. Thus, this study used profile analysis via multidimensional scaling to characterize typical OC symptom profiles in individuals exposed to interpersonal versus noninterpersonal traumas. Profiles were also correlated with self-reported disgust and mental contamination, which have been related to OC symptoms and interpersonal trauma in prior research. The interpersonal trauma group revealed two profiles: (1) Obsessing (high obsessing, low neutralizing), and (2) Ordering (high ordering, low obsessing). The noninterpersonal trauma group showed two profiles: (1) Hoarding/Ordering (high hoarding and ordering, low washing), and (2) Hoarding Only (high hoarding, low ordering). No significant correlations were found between OC profiles and disgust-related constructs. Clinical implications, limitations, and future directions are explored.
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Ellason, Joan W., i Colin A. Ross. "Childhood Trauma and Psychiatric Symptoms". Psychological Reports 80, nr 2 (kwiecień 1997): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.2.447.
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144 psychiatric inpatients who reported childhood physical or sexual trauma were administered the Symptom Check List-90-Revised, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule. There was a significant association of reported childhood abuse with psychotic and other symptoms. The findings support the hypothesis that experience of trauma may precede psychiatric symptoms, perhaps including positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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David, Melissa, Grazia Ceschi, Joël Billieux i Martial Van der Linden. "Depressive Symptoms After Trauma". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 196, nr 10 (październik 2008): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181879dd8.
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Gabínio, Thalita, Thaysse Ricci, Jeffrey P. Kahn, Dolores Malaspina, Helena Moreira i André B. Veras. "Early trauma, attachment experiences and comorbidities in schizophrenia". Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 40, nr 3 (5.04.2018): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0005.
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Abstract Objective To evaluate attachment patterns in subjects with schizophrenia and their relationships to early traumatic events, psychotic symptoms and comorbidities. Methods Twenty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) underwent retrospective symptom assessment and careful assessment of the number and manner of childhood caregiver changes. The Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis and Affective Disorders (DI-PAD) was used to assess symptoms related to schizophrenia (positive and negative symptoms), depression and mania. Anxiety disorder comorbidities were assessed by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Yale-Brown Obsessions and Compulsions Scale (Y-BOCS) and Panic and Schizophrenia Interview (PaSI). Experience in Close Relationships – Relationship Structures (ECR-RS) and Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF) were used to assess attachment patterns and traumatic history, respectively. Results Moderate and significant correlations between attachment patterns and early trauma showed that greater severity of anxious attachment was predicted by a higher frequency of total early traumas (Spearman ρ = 0.446, p = 0.04), mainly general traumas (ρ = 0.526, p = 0.017; including parental illness and separation, as well as natural disaster and serious accidents). Among the correlations between early trauma and comorbid symptoms, panic attacks occurring before the onset of schizophrenia showed significant and positive correlations with ETISR-SF total scores and the sexual trauma subscale. Conclusion Children with an unstable early emotional life are more vulnerable to the development of psychopathology, such as panic anxiety symptoms. Traumatic events may also predict later schizophrenia.
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Wilson, Christina K., Elena Padrón i Kristin W. Samuelson. "Trauma Type and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as Predictors of Parenting Stress in Trauma-Exposed Mothers". Violence and Victims 32, nr 1 (2017): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00077.
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Trauma exposure is associated with various parenting difficulties, but few studies have examined relationships between trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and parenting stress. Parenting stress is an important facet of parenting and mediates the relationship between parental trauma exposure and negative child outcomes (Owen, Thompson, & Kaslow, 2006). We examined trauma type (child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, community violence, and non-interpersonal traumas) and PTSD symptoms as predictors of parenting stress in a sample of 52 trauma-exposed mothers. Community violence exposure and PTSD symptom severity accounted for significant variance in parenting stress. Further analyses revealed that emotional numbing was the only PTSD symptom cluster accounting for variance in parenting stress scores. Results highlight the importance of addressing community violence exposure and emotion regulation difficulties with trauma-exposed mothers.
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Guina, Jeffrey, Ramzi W. Nahhas, Kevin Kawalec i Seth Farnsworth. "Are Gender Differences in DSM-5 PTSD Symptomatology Explained by Sexual Trauma?" Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, nr 21-22 (10.11.2016): 4713–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516677290.
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Although many studies have assessed gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence, few examine individual PTSD symptoms (PTSSs). Hypothesizing that trauma differences explain many gender differences in symptomatology, this is the first known study to adjust PTSSs for trauma type, and to compare gender differences in those with sexual traumas. Using a cross-sectional survey methodology in a sample of adult outpatients ( n = 775), we examined gender, trauma type, PTSSs, suicide, alcohol, and tobacco. Among those with trauma ( n = 483), women generally had more severe symptoms than men, but after adjusting for trauma type, only physical reactivity ( p = .0002), excessive startle ( p = .0005), external avoidance ( p = .0007), internal avoidance ( p = .0008), psychological reactivity ( p = .0009), and suicide attempts ( p = .001) remained significantly worse among women, whereas men more commonly reported alcohol problems ( p = .007). Among those with PTSD ( n = 164), there were no significant PTSS gender differences. Those with sexual trauma had worse symptoms (particularly amnesia) compared with non-sexual trauma ( p < .0001 for PTSD diagnosis and total severity), including within each gender. Among those with sexual trauma ( n = 157), men had worse recklessness ( p = .004) and more commonly reported tobacco ( p = .02), whereas women more commonly attempted suicide ( p = .02) and had worse avoidance ( p = .04). However, when isolating the effects of sexual trauma beyond other traumas, there were no significant symptom difference-in-differences between genders. Our findings suggest that, while women have higher PTSD rates, men with PTSD present similarly. In addition, while women have higher sexual trauma rates, men may have similarly severe responses. Most gender differences in PTSD presentation appear to be explained by trauma type, particularly women having higher rates of sexual trauma. We discuss potential biopsychosocial explanations.
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Mollica, Richard F., Keith McInnes, Charles Pool i Svang Tor. "Dose-effect relationships of trauma to symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among Cambodian survivors of mass violence". British Journal of Psychiatry 173, nr 6 (grudzień 1998): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.173.6.482.
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BackgroundThe dose – effect relationships of cumulative trauma to the psychiatric symptoms of major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a community study of Cambodian survivors of mass violence were evaluated.MethodIn 1990, a survey of 1000 households was conducted in aThai refugee camp (Site 2) using a multi-stage random sampling design. Trauma history and psychiatric symptoms were assessed for two time periods. Analysis used linear dose – response regression modelling.Results993 Cambodian adults reported a mean of 14 Pol Pot era trauma events and 1.3 trauma events during the past year. Symptom categories of depression, PTSD, dissociative and culturally dependent symptoms exhibited strong dose – effect responses with the exception of avoidance. All symptom categories, except avoidant symptoms, were highly correlated.ConclusionsCumulative trauma continued to affect psychiatric symptom levels a decade after the original trauma events. The diagnostic validity of PTSD criteria, with the notable exception of avoidance, was supported. Inclusion of dissociative and culturally dependent symptoms increased the cultural sensitivity of PTSD.
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Opalic, Petar. "Disarrangement: Dominant symptom of traumatized people in Serbia". Sociologija 50, nr 4 (2008): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0804417o.
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The psychopathological status of 175 subjects from Belgrade and wider surroundings was examined. Out of them, 70 subjects had somatic trauma (26 war traumas and 44 somatic peacetime traumas); 45 subjects had mental trauma, and 60 had no trauma. The following instruments were used: PTSD-Scale, Brief Eysenck's Personality Inventory, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-60) and Late Effect of Accidental Injury (LEAIQ), as well as appropriate statistical procedures (ANOVA, discriminative analysis, linear correlation). In qualitative terms, the majority of symptoms were conversive, the first of which was disarrangement. In quantitative terms, the symptoms of general neuroticism were most frequent in the subgroup of subjects with somatic war traumas, then in the subgroup with mental traumas in peacetime, and finally in the subgroup of subjects with somatic peacetime traumas. In the subgroup of mentally traumatised subjects, the PTSD symptoms were most frequent.
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Post, Marina, Gerri Hanten, Xiaoqi Li, Adam T. Schmidt, Gunes Avci, Elisabeth A. Wilde i Stephen R. McCauley. "Dimensions of Trauma and Specific Symptoms of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Inner-City Youth: A Preliminary Study". Violence and Victims 29, nr 2 (2014): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00097r1.
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We examined relations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with dimensions of trauma, including environment (Domestic vs. Community) and proximity (Indirect vs. Direct trauma) among inner-city youth. Participants (n = 65) reported traumatic events they had experienced on a version of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index Trauma Exposure Screen, and reported PTSD symptoms with the PTSD Checklist—Civilian version (PCL-C). High rates of trauma and PTSD were found, consistent with other reports of inner-city youth. The 49% of youth surveyed met criteria for PTSD on the PCL-C symptom scale with a score cutoff of 35. Females reported elevated PTSD symptom scores and a higher incidence of Domestic trauma than did males but similar incidence of other trauma types. When males and females were combined, Domestic trauma significantly correlated with each of the PTSD symptom clusters of intrusions, numbing/avoidance, and hyperarousal. When participants with Community trauma were excluded from analyses to reduce confounding environmental influence, Domestic trauma marginally correlated with numbing/avoidance symptoms. Our findings suggest that Domestic trauma may result in more emotional numbing/avoidance symptoms than other types of trauma. Further analyses suggested that Community trauma may result in more intrusions and hyperarousal symptoms rather than emotional numbing. Environmental aspects of trauma, rather than the proximity of trauma, may have greater impact on presentation of PTSD. Future studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.
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Meysing, A., M. Schulte, W. Youngren i N. Hamilton. "0801 Sleep, Nightmares, and the Maintenance of Posttrauma Symptoms". Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (kwiecień 2020): A304—A305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.797.
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Abstract Introduction Most individuals will experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetime. Although most individuals who experience a trauma will exhibit some posttrauma symptoms, only a small subset will experience long-lasting symptoms. In fact, most research suggests that posttrauma symptoms will gradually reduce over time. However, some individuals can exhibit posttrauma symptoms for an extended period of time. Although research has demonstrated that poor overall sleep quality may explain why some people have trouble gradually recovering from posttrauma symptoms, research has yet to examine specific aspects of sleep that can impair the gradual remission of posttrauma symptoms. This study examined how individual facets of sleep quality (such as nightmares and sleep duration) impact posttrauma symptoms over time. Methods 944 college students completed an online survey battery that included measures of traumatic experiences, time since trauma (TST), posttrauma symptoms, sleep quality, and the presence of nightmares. Regression analyses were used to examine the interaction of sleep quality sub-facets and time since trauma on posttrauma nightmares (PNMs). Results Out of 944 participants, 637 (67%) reported at least one trauma. Of those students, time since trauma (TST) and all other sleep variables significantly predicted posttrauma symptoms (p < 0.05). However, the only significant interaction was nightmares and TST (p < 0.01) where individuals who experienced PNMs had significantly (p < 0.01) higher posttrauma symptom intercept (48.19) than individuals who did not experience PNMs (31.19). Furthermore, individuals who experienced PNMs demonstrated statistically significant flatter slopes than those without nightmares (p < 0.01). Conclusion The results reveal that time since trauma predicts a decrease in posttrauma symptoms, whereas nightmares impede this symptom reduction. Interestingly, the interaction finding suggests that nightmares play a critical role in initial symptom expression and recovery. These results demonstrate the importance of identifying and treating nightmares immediately following a trauma. Support “none”
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Gilsanz, P., A. Winning, K. C. Koenen, A. L. Roberts, J. A. Sumner, Q. Chen, M. M. Glymour, E. B. Rimm i L. D. Kubzansky. "Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom duration and remission in relation to cardiovascular disease risk among a large cohort of women". Psychological Medicine 47, nr 8 (5.01.2017): 1370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716003378.
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BackgroundPrior studies suggest that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but effects of duration and remission of PTSD symptoms have rarely been evaluated.MethodWe examined the association of time-updated PTSD symptom severity, remission and duration with incident CVD risk (552 confirmed myocardial infarctions or strokes) over 20 years in 49 859 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Among women who reported trauma on the Brief Trauma Questionnaire, PTSD symptoms, assessed by a screener, were classified by symptom severity and chronicity: (a) no symptoms, (b) 1–3 ongoing, (c) 4–5 ongoing, (d) 6–7 ongoing, (e) 1–3 remitted, (f) 4–7 remitted symptoms. Inverse probability weighting was used to estimate marginal structural logistic regression models, adjusting for time-varying and time-invariant confounders.ResultsCompared with women with no trauma exposure, women with trauma/no PTSD [odds ratio (OR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.65] and women with trauma/6–7 symptoms (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.08–2.63) had elevated risk of CVD; women with remitted symptoms did not have elevated CVD risk. Among women exposed to trauma, every 5 additional years of PTSD symptomology was associated with 9% higher CVD incidence compared with women with trauma/no PTSD.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that alleviating PTSD symptoms shortly after onset may attenuate CVD risk.
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LONG, CHARLES J., i THOMAS A. NOVACK. "Postconcussion Symptoms After Head Trauma". Southern Medical Journal 79, nr 6 (czerwiec 1986): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-198606000-00020.
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Berenbaum, H., E. M. Valera i J. G. Kerns. "Psychological Trauma and Schizotypal Symptoms". Schizophrenia Bulletin 29, nr 1 (1.01.2003): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006985.
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Edmeads, J. "Extracervical Symptoms after Whiplash Trauma". Cephalalgia 14, nr 3 (1.06.1994): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033310249401400303.
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Magnússon, T. "Extracervical Symptoms After Whiplash Trauma". Cephalalgia 14, nr 3 (czerwiec 1994): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.014003223.x.
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Thirty-eight patients with late whiplash syndrome were investigated with regard to symptoms which conform with the criteria for other specific diagnoses. All had pain and tender points in the neck and 37 (97.4%) suffered from headache. Seven patients (18.4%) had occipital neuralgia in accordance with the IHS criteria and 16 (42.1%) if the IASP criteria were used. Four patients (10.5%) had oromandibular dysfunction, 20 (52.6%) had periarticular shoulder disorder, and 12 (31.6%) had thoracic outlet syndrome. Five (13.2%) had chronic mechanical low back pain and two (5.3%) segmental instability of the lumbar spine. Four (10.5%) had symptoms concurring with the diagnosis of fibromyalgia. It is concluded that many of the symptoms of patients that suffer from late whiplash syndrome conform with the criteria of other specific diagnoses.
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Briere, John. "Dissociative Symptoms and Trauma Exposure". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 194, nr 2 (luty 2006): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000198139.47371.54.
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Sack, Martin, Claas Lahmann, Burkard Jaeger i Peter Henningsen. "Trauma Prevalence and Somatoform Symptoms". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 195, nr 11 (listopad 2007): 928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181594846.
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Roelofs, Karin, i Philip Spinhoven. "Trauma and medically unexplained symptoms". Clinical Psychology Review 27, nr 7 (październik 2007): 798–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.004.
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Field, Tiffany, Samantha Poling, Shantay Mines, Miguel Diego, Debra Bendell i Martha Pelaez. "Trauma symptoms following romantic breakups". Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry 12, nr 2 (25.11.2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jpcpy.2021.12.00703.
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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental disorder characterizing impulsivity and instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and moods. The study explores the scope of BPD research in the eastern cultures with reference to India. The paper first explores the cultural manifestations of BPD in different cultures such as eastern and western. The paper further illustrates a critical review of studies conducted in Indian clinical population and the awareness of the disorder in India. Researches in cultures like India were found to be very few, based on small sample cases with limited efforts to understand the disorder. Hence, the need to study the disorder comprehensively and empirically in India is emphasized. The focus on the directions for more research in the field of personality psychopathology and its diagnosis has been identified. It was found that the appropriate identification of BPD is needed in India as the disorder is gaining popularity and there has been an increase in the epidemiology of the disorder in the western countries so the concern is to do more empirical studies, including epidemiological studies in eastern cultures also
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Ogińska-Bulik, Nina, i Grzegorz Bąk. "Predictors of Secondary Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Police Officers Exposed to Secondary Trauma". Internal Security 14, nr 1 (11.10.2022): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0390.
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Police officers are particularly exposed to work-related stress and one of the difficult situations they face is contact with trauma victims. Such exposure may entail a range of negative consequences for helpers, such as symptoms of secondary traumatic stress (STS) and risk of secondary traumatic stress disorder (STSD). The aim of this study is to establish the predictors of STS symptoms among police officers who have been exposed to secondary trauma in the line of duty. The following factors have been assessed as potential predictors: personality traits, rumination on their experiences, and a sense of self-efficacy in coping with trauma experienced by others. The research was carried out from June to October 2021 at the Police Academy in Szczytno, Poland, among participants of training and professional courses for police officers. Out of 790 surveyed officers, the results of 682 officers who reported direct contact with trauma victims were taken into account. Four standard measurement tools, i.e. the Secondary Traumatic Stress Inventory, The NEO Five-Factor Inventory, The Event Related Rumination Inventory, The Secondary Trauma Self-Efficacy Scale, were used, along with a survey developed for the purpose of the study. The participants demonstrated a relatively low risk of experiencing negative consequences of exposure to secondary trauma: a low risk of developing STSD was observed for 86.1% of the participants and a high risk was observed for 13.9%. The symptoms of STS were positively correlated with ruminations on the traumatic events experienced by clients, especially intrusive ones. Intrusive ruminations turned out to be the main predictor of STS. With regard to personality traits, STS was most closely associated with neuroticism. A sense of self-efficacy was negatively correlated with symptoms of STS. Although the study on police officers working with trauma victims showed rather low intensity of STS symptoms, it is advisable to expand their the competencies in coping with trauma, including reducing the tendency to ruminate on the traumatic events experienced by client. Funkcjonariusze policji są szczególnie narażeni na stres związany z pracą, a jedną z trudnych sytuacji, w jakich się znajdują, jest kontakt z ofiarami traumy. Może on pociągać za sobą szereg negatywnych konsekwencji dla osób udzielających pomocy, takich jak objawy wtórnego stresu traumatycznego (WST) i ryzyko wystąpienia zespołu stresu pourazowego (ZSP). Celem tego badania jest ustalenie predyktorów wystąpienia objawów WST u funkcjonariuszy policji narażonych na wtórny stres traumatyczny w trakcie pełnienia służby. Jako potencjalne predyktory uznano następujące czynniki: cechy osobowości, ruminacje na temat swoich doświadczeń oraz poczucie własnej skuteczności w radzeniu sobie z traumą doświadczoną przez innych. Badania, o których mowa w artykule, zostały przeprowadzone w Wyższej Szkole Policji w Szczytnie w 2021 r. wśród uczestników szkoleń i kursów zawodowych dla policjantów. Zastosowano cztery standardowe narzędzia pomiarowe, tj. Inwentarz Stresu Wtórnego, Inwentarz Pięciu Czynników NEO, Inwentarz Ruminacji Związanych z Wydarzeniem, Skalę Samoskuteczności w Sytuacji Traumy Wtórnej oraz ankietę opracowaną na potrzeby badania. Uczestnicy wykazali stosunkowo niskie ryzyko doświadczania negatywnych konsekwencji narażenia na wtórną traumę. Objawy STS były dodatnio skorelowane z ruminacjami na temat traumatycznych wydarzeń, których doświadczyli klienci, zwłaszcza z ruminacjami intruzywnymi. Intruzywne ruminacje okazały się być głównym predyktorem WST. Mimo że badanie przeprowadzone wśród policjantów pracujących z ofiarami traumy wykazało raczej niskie nasilenie objawów WST, wskazane jest poszerzanie ich kompetencji w zakresie radzenia sobie z traumą, w tym zmniejszanie tendencji do ruminowania na temat traumatycznych wydarzeń doświadczonych przez klientów. Polizeivollzugsbeamte*innen sind besonders anfällig für arbeitsbedingten Stress, und eine der schwierigen Situationen, mit denen sie auch konfrontiert sind, ist der Kontakt mit traumatisierten Menschen. Dies kann eine Reihe negativer Folgen für die Einsatzkräfte haben, wie z. B. Symptome von sekundärem traumatischem Stress (CTS) und das Risiko einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTSD). Ziel dieser Studie ist es, Prädiktoren für CTS-Symptome bei Polizeivollzugsbeamte*innen zu ermitteln, die während ihres Dienstes sekundärem traumatischem Stress ausgesetzt sind. Die folgenden Faktoren wurden als potenzielle Prädiktoren identifiziert: Persönlichkeitsmerkmale, Grübeln über die eigenen Erfahrungen und Selbstwirksamkeit bei der Bewältigung von Traumata, die von anderen erlebt wurden. Die Untersuchung, auf die sich der Artikel bezieht, wurde an der Polizeiakademie in Szczytno 2021 unter den Teilnehmern der Ausbildungs- und Fortbildungskurse für Polizeivollzugsbeamte*innen durchgeführt. Es wurden vier Standardmessinstrumente verwendet, nämlich das Secondary Stress Inventory, das NEO Five Factor Inventory, das Event-Related Ruminations Inventory, die Secondary Trauma Self-efficacy Scale und ein für die Studie entwickelter Fragebogen. Die Teilnehmer*innen wiesen ein relativ geringes Risiko auf, negative Folgen der Exposition gegenüber sekundären Traumata zu erfahren. STS-Symptome korrelierten positiv mit dem Grübeln über traumatische Ereignisse, die die Klienten erlebt hatten, insbesondere mit intrusivem Grübeln. Intrusives Grübeln scheint ein wichtiger Prädiktor für STS zu sein. Obwohl eine Umfrage unter Polizeivollzugsbeamte*innen, die mit traumatisierten Menschen arbeiten, ein eher geringes Maß an CTS-Symptomen ergab, ist es ratsam, ihre Kompetenz im Umgang mit Traumata zu erhöhen, einschließlich der Verringerung der Tendenz, über die von den Klienten erlebten traumatischen Ereignisse zu grübeln. Сотрудники полиции особенно подвержены стрессу, связанному с работой, и одной из сложных ситуаций, с которыми они сталкиваются, является контакт с потерпевшими. Это может повлечь за собой ряд негативных последствий для сотрудников предоставляющих помощь, таких как симптомы вторичного травматического стресса (ВТС) и риск развития посттравматического стрессового расстройства (ПТСР). Целью проведенного исследования являлось выявление предикторов развития симптомов травматического стресса у сотрудников полиции, подвергшихся вторичному травматическому стрессу во время службы. В качестве потенциальных предикторов были определены следующие факторы: личностные особенности, руминации и убеждение о возможности саомостятельно преодолеть травму, пережитую другими. Исследование, о котором идет речь в статье, проводилось в Полицейской академии в г. Щитно в 2021 году среди участников учебных и профессиональных курсов для сотрудников полиции. Были использованы четыре стандартных измерительных инструмента, а именно: опросник вторичного стресса, пятифакторный опросник NEO, опросник событийных руминаций, шкала самоэффективности вторичной травмы и анкета, разработанная для исследования. В результате, у участников исследования зафиксирован относительно низкий риск испытать негативные последствия воздействия вторичной травмы. Симптомы травматического стресса положительно коррелировали с размышлениями о травматических событиях, пережитых клиентами, особенно с навязчивыми размышлениями. Навязчивые размышления оказались основным предиктором ВТС. Хотя исследование полицейских, работающих с пострадавшими, показало довольно низкий уровень симптомов травматического стресса, целесообразно расширить их компетенцию в сфере преодоления травматического стресса, включая снижение склонности к размышлениям о травматических событиях, пережитых их клиентами.
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Miodus, Stephanie, Maureen A. Allwood i Nana Amoh. "Childhood ADHD Symptoms in Relation to Trauma Exposure and PTSD Symptoms Among College Students: Attending to and Accommodating Trauma". Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 29, nr 3 (5.01.2021): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063426620982624.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid among children and adolescents with a history of maltreatment and trauma. This comorbidity is linked to increased symptom severity and poor academic and social outcomes. Such negative outcomes are shown to have further negative outcomes during the college years. However, research has yet to directly examine the associations between ADHD, trauma exposure, and PTSD among college students. To address this gap, the current study examined the relations between childhood ADHD symptoms, lifetime trauma exposure, and current PTSD symptoms among a racially and ethnically diverse group of college students ( N = 454). Analyses controlled for symptoms of depression and anxiety and examined demographic differences. Findings indicated that college students with a childhood history of elevated ADHD symptoms reported significantly higher numbers of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms. Findings also indicated that trauma-related arousal symptoms and more general depressive symptoms were the strongest mediators in the association between ADHD symptoms and trauma exposure. These results have implications for child and adolescent clinical interventions, as well as for college counseling and accessibility services related to psychological well-being and academic accommodations.
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Chapman, C., K. Mills, T. Slade, A. C. McFarlane, R. A. Bryant, M. Creamer, D. Silove i M. Teesson. "Remission from post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population". Psychological Medicine 42, nr 8 (14.12.2011): 1695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711002856.
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BackgroundFew studies have focused on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remission in the population, none have modelled remission beyond age 54 years and none have explored in detail the correlates of remission from PTSD. This study examined trauma experience, symptom severity, co-morbidity, service use and time to PTSD remission in a large population sample.MethodData came from respondents (n=8841) of the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHWB). A modified version of the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) was used to determine the presence and age of onset of DSM-IV PTSD and other mental and substance use disorders, type, age, and number of lifetime traumas, severity of re-experiencing, avoidance and hypervigilance symptoms and presence and timing of service use.ResultsProjected lifetime remission rate was 92% and median time to remission was 14 years. Those who experienced childhood trauma, interpersonal violence, severe symptoms or a secondary anxiety or affective disorder were less likely to remit from PTSD and reported longer median times to remission compared to those with other trauma experiences, less severe symptoms or no co-morbidity.ConclusionsAlthough most people in the population with PTSD eventually remit, a significant minority report symptoms decades after onset. Those who experience childhood trauma or interpersonal violence should be a high priority for intervention.
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Pauli, Nina, Martina Grinups, Lena Folkestad i Gunnhildur Gudnadottir. "Patient-Reported Symptoms after Midfacial Trauma". Surgery Journal 08, nr 01 (styczeń 2022): e22-e27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742174.
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Abstract Background The aim of this study was to assess patient-reported symptoms and health-related quality of life, 12 to 24 months after injury in patients with midfacial fractures. Methods Patients diagnosed with midfacial fractures were assessed regarding symptoms related to the fracture as well as assessment of the patients overall health-related quality of life using the Gothenburg Trismus Questionnaire (GTQ), the Folkestad facial trauma questionnaire, and EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D). Questionnaires were distributed to the study patients 12 to 24 months after the trauma. Medical records were retrospectively surveyed for age, gender, trauma etiology, date of injury, fracture classification, treatment regimen, and time of surgery. Results Sixty-seven percent of the study group reports sensibility disturbance in the face 12 to 24 months after trauma and 52% reported cosmetic consequences related to the trauma. Numbness in the face was the symptom reported to be most disturbing for the patients. Few of the patients reported severe jaw-related problems, problems with muscular tension, or eating limitation according to the validated questionnaire GTQ. Conclusion Sensibility disturbance remains a significant and common symptom 12 to 24 months after midfacial trauma. There is a need for a validated patient-reported outcome instrument for facial trauma that covers multiple aspects of facial trauma such as vision disturbance and diplopia, jaw-related problems, and facial pain as well as sensibility disturbance and cosmetic consequences.
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Coughlan, Helen, i Mary Cannon. "Does childhood trauma play a role in the aetiology of psychosis? A review of recent evidence". BJPsych Advances 23, nr 5 (wrzesień 2017): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.116.015891.
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SummaryThere has been a resurgence of interest in the role of childhood trauma in the aetiology of psychosis. In this review, recent findings on the association between childhood trauma and a continuum of psychotic symptoms are presented. Evidence of the association between specific childhood trauma subtypes and psychotic symptoms is examined, with a brief discussion of some current hypotheses about the potential mechanisms underlying the associations that have been found. Some practice implications of these findings are also highlighted.Learning Objectives• Identify findings from recent meta-analyses on the association between childhood trauma and a range of psychotic outcomes, from non-clinical psychotic experiences to psychotic disorders• Consider which childhood traumas are the most potent in the context of psychotic outcomes• Recognise that the relationships between childhood trauma, psychotic symptoms and other psychopathology are complex, dynamic and multidimensional
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Boykin, Derrecka M., Qweandria T. Dunn i Holly K. Orcutt. "Cumulative Trauma and Adjustment in Women Exposed to a Campus Shooting: Examining the Role of Appraisals and Social Support". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, nr 17-18 (29.05.2017): 3601–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517710483.
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Experiencing repeated trauma can have increasingly detrimental effects on psychosocial functioning after subsequent stressors. These effects may be intensified for victims of interpersonal traumas given that these events are often associated with heightened risk for adverse outcomes. To better understand this relationship, the present study prospectively examined the effect of pre-shooting trauma exposure (i.e., interpersonal vs. non-interpersonal trauma) on psychological functioning (i.e., posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression) following a mass campus shooting. Based on previous research, it was expected that negative appraisals and social support would mediate this relationship. A sample of 515 college women reporting prior trauma exposure was assessed at four time points following the shooting (i.e., pre-shooting, 1-month, 6-months, and 12-months post-shooting). Bootstrap analyses with bias-corrected confidence intervals were conducted. Contrary to expectation, pre-shooting trauma exposure was unrelated to 12-month post-shooting outcomes and neither negative appraisals nor social support at 6-months post-shooting emerged as mediators. Interestingly, a history of non-interpersonal trauma was associated with greater post-shooting family and friend support than a history of interpersonal trauma. Ad hoc analyses showed that pre-shooting symptom severity and level of exposure to the shooting had indirect effects on post-shooting outcomes via post-shooting negative appraisals. These findings support that cumulative trauma, regardless of type, may not have an additive effect unless individuals develop clinically significant symptoms following previous trauma. Trauma severity also appears to play a meaningful role.
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Franz, Molly R., Rebecca L. Brock i David DiLillo. "Trauma symptoms contribute to daily experiential avoidance: Does partner support mitigate risk?" Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 38, nr 1 (5.10.2020): 322–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520963186.
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Objective: The present study examined the protective role of partner support in reducing daily experiential avoidance (EA) associated with trauma symptoms in a sample of 154 couples during pregnancy. Background: Although psychological distress during pregnancy may hinder the developing bond between parents and infants after birth, high quality intimate partner support has the potential to enhance psychological wellbeing during pregnancy, particularly in the context of trauma. Specifically, partner support might mitigate the impact of trauma symptoms on maladaptive coping strategies such as EA by enabling individuals to safely encounter their distress. Method: Participants completed a semi-structured clinical interview of support and a PTSD symptom inventory, followed by home surveys of EA over 14 days. We examined growth trajectories of EA over 14 days using latent trajectory modeling within a dyadic framework. Results: Trauma symptom severity was associated with higher levels of EA across the 2 weeks; however, among women, the impact of trauma symptoms on EA was no longer significant when support from a partner was above average quality or higher. Findings also revealed partner effects; to the extent that women reported higher levels of trauma symptoms, their partners had higher levels of EA. Conclusion: Findings highlight the protective role of high quality support from intimate partners and suggest that trauma-related interventions targeting partner support processes, especially those implemented during pregnancy, might enhance recovery and prevent further distress and dysfunction among pregnant women experiencing trauma symptoms.
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Williams, Monnica, i Manzar Zare. "A Psychometric Investigation of Racial Trauma Symptoms Using a Semi-Structured Clinical Interview With a Trauma Checklist (UnRESTS)". Chronic Stress 6 (styczeń 2022): 247054702211451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24705470221145126.
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The term racial trauma is used to describe the cumulative distressing and traumatizing effects of racism in all of its forms, and it closely resembles the construct of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This investigation aims to increase our understanding of racial trauma by comparing the characteristics of those with a clinically-relevant diagnosis of racial trauma to those without, based on the findings of a clinical semi-structured interview and symptom checklist for assessing racial trauma, the University of Connecticut Racial Ethnic Stress and Trauma Survey (UnRESTS), administered to a diverse group of adults (N = 97). This paper extends prior work on racial trauma by examining the correlations between racial trauma and validated self-report measures of discriminatory distress, controlling for racialization. We examine the correlation between a clinically-relevant diagnosis of racial trauma and racial/ethnic identity. We also compare racism-related PTSD symptoms in those with and without racial trauma to inform clinical assessment. Finally, we examine the factor structure of racial trauma symptoms using the 24 items from the UnRESTS PTSD symptom checklist and compare these to current DSM-5 models. The structure of racial trauma symptoms differed from the DSM-5 4-factor model, as do other PTSD models in the research literature. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
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Mansour Moriarty, Therese, i Cary Lane Mitchell. "The Relationship of Trauma History, Substance Misuse, and Religious Coping to Trauma Symptoms among Homeless Men in Residential Treatment: A Preliminary Study". Archives of Psychiatry Research 58, nr 2 (20.10.2022): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20471/dec.2022.58.02.10.
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Homelessness is a global health and well-being crisis that impacts millions of people annually. Individuals without housing experience higher rates of alcohol and drug use problems than the general community. They also report more trauma exposure and are at increased risk for trauma-related symptoms. Faith-based organizations are among the institutions that provide treatment and recovery programs for homeless persons with substance use problems. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of trauma history, substance use problems, and religious coping methods to trauma symptoms in a sample of homeless men in a faith-based residential treatment program. An ethnically diverse sample of 98 men participated; their mean age was 42.5 years. Measures included a brief trauma history screener, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-20), the Brief Religious Coping Scale (Brief RCOPE), and the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI). As predicted, trauma history, AUDIT scores, DAST-20 scores, and negative religious coping were positively associated with trauma symptoms. Racial identity also accounted for significant variance in TSI scores, especially regarding trauma-related anxious and depressive symptoms. Positive religious coping appeared essentially unrelated to trauma symptoms. These findings support the utility of the instruments used for assessment with homeless persons in residential treatment programs for substance abuse.
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Zomerfelde, Gita, i Laura Pirsko. "Childhood Trauma, Trauma Symptoms, Family Fat Talk in Relation to Adolescent Eating Behavior". Baltic Journal of Psychology 23, nr 1/2 (20.12.2022): 106–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/bjp.23.06.
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The aim of the study was to examine whether childhood traumatic experience, trauma symptoms, and family discussions about obesity are associated with adolescent eating behavior. In addition, the study examined gender differences. Participating in the study were 726 adolescents (369 – girls, 344 – boys, 13 – no specific gender) aged 11 to 16. They completed the following questionnaires: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Fink et al., 1995); Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (Briere, 1995); Eating Attitudes Test (Garner et al., 1982); Family Fat Talk Questionnaire (Macdonald et al., 2015). The results showed positive associations between perceived altered eating behaviors and emotional and sexual abuse, depressive and dissociative symptoms, personal and family talk about obesity. Personal conversations about obesity predicted 21% of the variation of the adolescent’s perception of altered eating behavior. The addition of emotional abuse and dissociative symptoms in the regression model increased the explained variance to 25%. Girls reported significantly higher ratings on the study variables.
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Biggs, C., N. Tehrani i J. Billings. "Brief trauma therapy for occupational trauma-related PTSD/CPTSD in UK police". Occupational Medicine 71, nr 4-5 (1.06.2021): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqab075.
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Abstract Background Police are frequently exposed to occupational trauma, making them vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health conditions. Through personal and occupational trauma police are also at risk of developing Complex PTSD (CPTSD), associated with prolonged and repetitive trauma. Police Occupational Health Services require effective interventions to treat officers experiencing mental health conditions, including CPTSD. However, there is a lack of guidance for the treatment of occupational trauma. Aims To explore differences in demographics and trauma exposure between police with CPTSD and PTSD and compare the effectiveness of brief trauma-focused therapy between these diagnostic groups. Methods Observational cohort study using clinical data from the Trauma Support Service, providing brief trauma-focused therapy for PTSD (cognitive behavioural therapy/eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) to UK police officers. Demographics, trauma exposure, baseline symptom severity and treatment effectiveness were compared between police with PTSD and CPTSD. Changes in PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms were used to measure treatment effectiveness. Results Brief trauma therapy reduced symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety. Treatment effectiveness did not differ between CPTSD and PTSD groups. Police with CPTSD exposed to both primary and secondary occupational trauma had poorer treatment outcomes than those exposed to a single occupational trauma type. Conclusions Brief trauma-focused interventions are potentially effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety in police with CPTSD and PTSD. Further research is needed to establish whether additional CPTSD symptoms (affect dysregulation, self-perception and relational difficulties) are also reduced.
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Cunningham, Margaret, i John D. Cunningham. "Patterns of Symptomatology and Patterns of Torture and Trauma Experiences in Resettled Refugees". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, nr 4 (sierpień 1997): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709065078.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was: (i) to examine the incidence of psychological and medical symptomatology, torture and related trauma in a sample of 191 refugee clients of the Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia; and (ii) to identify patterns of current symptoms, patterns of torture and trauma experiences and the relationships between symptoms and experiences. Method: Analysis of STARTTS client records permitted the coding of the presence/absence of 41 medical and psychological symptoms and of 33 torture and trauma experiences. Principal components analyses were used to identify patterns of current symptoms and patterns of torture and trauma experiences. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify relationships between current symptoms and traumatic events in the country of origin or en route to Australia. Results: Six factors were extracted for both the symptoms and trauma experiences; the first symptom factor was labelled ‘core posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)’. Regression analysis showed that threats and humiliation, and being forced to watch others being tortured best predicted scores on this factor. Conclusions: Although core PTSD is the dominant factor in symptomatology, comorbidity is high, with another three symptom factors emerging as meaningful. However, client reports of threats and humiliation or forced viewing of others being tortured should alert clinicians to the likely development of core PTSD, if it has not already occurred. Other implications of these findings for treatment and service development are discussed.
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Kinghorn, Warren. "Challenging the Hegemony of the Symptom: Reclaiming Context in PTSD and Moral Injury". Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, nr 6 (31.10.2020): 644–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa023.
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Abstract Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is now constituted by a set of characteristic symptoms, its roots lie in Post-Vietnam Syndrome, a label generated by a Vietnam-era advocacy movement that focused not on symptoms but on war’s traumatic context. When Post-Vietnam Syndrome was subsumed into the abstract, individualistic, symptom-centered language of DSM-III and rendered as PTSD, it not only lost this focus on context but also neglected the experiences of veterans who suffer from things done or witnessed, not primarily from what was done to them, in war. This agent-related trauma has been rediscovered in contemporary work on moral injury, but moral injury too is increasingly subjected to the hegemony of the symptom. Focusing on symptoms, however, unhelpfully pathologizes and individualizes trauma, neglects traumatic context, and legitimates problematic therapeutic approaches. Trauma researchers and clinicians should decenter the language of symptoms and focus instead on context and on alternative accounts of trauma.
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Esmaiel, M., i M. Abdelhamied. "Impact of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Prolonged Exposure protocol on trauma-related symptoms in Egyptian women with Borderline Personality Disorder". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (czerwiec 2022): S746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1926.
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Introduction Although around 50% of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) suffer from trauma-related disorders, literature lacks a specific treatment for these serious co-occurring problems. Dialectical Behavior Therapy Prolonged Exposure (DBT PE) is a recent protocol developed by Melanie Harned, integrating (PE) into standard (DBT). The protocol has showed promising results in treating comorbid PTSD in BPD patients. The current study, however, was the first trial to apply DBT PE protocol in Egypt. Objectives To investigate the efficacy of (DBT PE) protocol in reducing trauma-related symptoms (psychological trauma symptoms and trauma-related cognitions) among Egyptian women with BPD. Methods Sixteen women diagnosed with BPD and trauma-related symptoms, were recruited from “DBT clinic”, a private outpatient clinic in Alexandria, Egypt and randomly divided into equivalent (Therapeutic & Control) groups. The therapeutic group received DBT PE protocol while the control group received Treatment as usual (TAU). Participants were assessed pre and post-intervention using: The short version of the Borderline Symptom list, The Trauma Symptom Checklist-40, and The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. The therapeutic group started treatment with standard comprehensive DBT concurrently with DBT PE protocol (14 individual sessions, 120 minutes/ week), according to readiness criteria suggested by the treatment developer. Results Patients who received DBT PE protocol showed significantly lower degrees of psychological trauma symptoms and trauma-related cognitions compared to patients in control group. Conclusions Despite being applied for the first time in Egypt, DBT PE protocol proved to be an effective intervention in reducing trauma-related symptoms in a sample of Egyptian BPD patients without any need to modify the original protocol. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Luutonen, S., M. Tikka, H. Karlsson i R. K. R. Salokangas. "Childhood trauma and distress experiences associate with psychotic symptoms in patients attending primary and psychiatric outpatient care. Results of the RADEP study". European Psychiatry 28, nr 3 (18.04.2012): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.11.005.
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AbstractGoalWe studied the prevalence of and association between psychotic symptoms and childhood trauma experiences in primary care patients compared with psychiatric care patients.Patients and methodsWe note 911 primary care and psychiatric care patients over 16 years of age filled in a questionnaire including a list of lifetime psychotic symptoms of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the childhood Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS). Prevalence of and correlations between psychotic symptoms and childhood trauma and stressful experiences were calculated. Association between the sum of CIDI symptoms and the TADS sum score was analysed by Anova.ResultsIn primary care, more than half of the patients had had at least one psychotic symptom during their lifetime, and nearly 70% of patients had experienced a childhood trauma at some time or more often. In psychiatric care patients, CIDI symptoms were more prevalent and TADS scores were higher than in primary care patients. In the whole sample, CIDI symptoms correlated with TADS scores. The association remained even when the effects of age, service, and patient's functioning were taken into account. There was a dose-response between TADS scores and CIDI symptoms.ConclusionChildhood trauma experiences associate with psychotic symptoms. In clinical work, it is important to acknowledge that psychotic symptoms and childhood trauma experiences are common not only in psychiatric care but also in primary care patients, and thus require adequate attention.
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Williams, Monnica T., Destiny M. B. Printz i Ryan C. T. DeLapp. "Assessing racial trauma with the Trauma Symptoms of Discrimination Scale." Psychology of Violence 8, nr 6 (listopad 2018): 735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/vio0000212.
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Hosseini, Seyed Hamzeh, Paria Azari, Roohollah Abdi i Reza Alizadeh-Navaei. "Suppression of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms after Head Trauma". Case Reports in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/909614.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) encompasses a spectrum of clinical symptoms characterized by unwanted thoughts coupled with an intense compulsion to act and to repeat behavior fragments in a ritualistic and stereotyped sequence. Obsessive-compulsive symptom due to brain lesions is not rare, but suppression of these symptoms after head trauma is very rare and we found only 3 cases in review of literatures from 1966 to 2001. The case of a patient suffering with severe OCD is described of note; her symptoms disappeared following right temporo-parietofrontal lesion.
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MARX, BRIAN P., SUSAN DORON-LAMARCA, SUSAN P. PROCTOR i JENNIFER J. VASTERLING. "The influence of pre-deployment neurocognitive functioning on post-deployment PTSD symptom outcomes among Iraq-deployed Army soldiers". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 15, nr 6 (listopad 2009): 840–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617709990488.
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AbstractThis study evaluated associations between pre-deployment neurocognitive performance and post-deployment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of deployed active duty Army soldiers. As part of a larger longitudinal study, each participant completed baseline measures of memory, executive attention, and response inhibition, and baseline and post-deployment self-report measures of PTSD symptom severity. Data were subjected to multiple regression analyses that examined associations between baseline neurocognitive performances and longitudinal PTSD symptom outcome. Results revealed that pre-trauma immediate recall of visual information was associated with post-deployment PTSD symptom severity, even after controlling for pre-deployment PTSD symptom levels, combat intensity, age, gender, and test-retest interval. There was also an interaction between pre-deployment PTSD symptom severity and pre-deployment immediate visual recall and verbal learning, indicating that neurocognitive performances were more strongly (and negatively) associated with residualized post-deployment PTSD symptoms at higher levels of pre-deployment PTSD symptoms. These findings highlight the potential role of pre-trauma neurocognitive functioning in moderating the effects of trauma exposure on PTSD symptoms.(JINS, 2009, 15, 840–852.)
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Oweis, Arwa. "Psychological Trauma Symptoms of Operative Birth". MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 31, nr 6 (listopad 2006): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-200611000-00020.
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Drábek, Pavel. "Trauma-tragedy: symptoms of contemporary performance". Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance 18, nr 4 (listopad 2013): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569783.2013.838346.
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