Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Trauma symptoms

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Trauma symptoms”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Trauma symptoms"

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Ered, Arielle, i Lauren M. Ellman. "Specificity of Childhood Trauma Type and Attenuated Positive Symptoms in a Non-Clinical Sample". Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, nr 10 (25.09.2019): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101537.

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Background: Childhood traumatic experiences have been consistently associated with psychosis risk; however, the specificity of childhood trauma type to interview-based attenuated positive psychotic symptoms has not been adequately explored. Further, previous studies examining specificity of trauma to specific positive symptoms have not accounted for co-occurring trauma types, despite evidence of multiple victimization. Methods: We examined the relationship between childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) with type of attenuated positive symptom, as measured by the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS) among a non-clinical, young adult sample (n = 130). Linear regressions were conducted to predict each attenuated positive symptom, with all trauma types entered into the model to control for co-occurring traumas. Results: Results indicated that childhood sexual abuse was significantly associated with disorganized communication and childhood emotional neglect was significantly associated with increased suspiciousness/persecutory ideas, above and beyond the effect of other co-occurring traumas. These relationships were significant even after removing individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (n = 14). Conclusions: Our results suggest that there are differential influences of trauma type on specific positive symptom domains, even in a non-clinical sample. Our results also confirm the importance of controlling for co-occurring trauma types, as results differ when not controlling for multiple traumas.
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Franjic, Sinisa. "Multiple Trauma Can Have Many Different Symptoms". Emergency and Nursing Management 1, nr 1 (21.12.2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-2179/002.

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Multiple trauma can often be recognized by the emergency department based on the location and condition of the patient. The diagnostic focus is on checking vital signs. Blood pressure, EKG and breathing are key factors in determining whether an injured person can be taken to a hospital for treatment. Certain injuries can only be accurately determined in the clinic. An ultrasound examination gives the first findings about injuries to internal organs, including the chest. In addition, computerized tomography of the whole body is performed today. A classic X-ray can also contribute to the diagnosis, but often cannot be done depending on the condition of the patient with multiple trauma. Multiple trauma always means a serious injury, consisting of at least two injuries to the patient. Danger to life can only come from one or more injuries at the same time, depending on their severity.
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Keshet, Hadar, i Eva Gilboa-Schechtman. "The Focality of Sexual Trauma and Its Effects on Women’s Symptoms and Self-Perceptions". Psychology of Women Quarterly 43, nr 4 (15.07.2019): 472–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684319861100.

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Sexual trauma is associated with particularly harmful consequences in comparison to other types of trauma. Studies investigating differences between trauma-types usually focus on the most distressing (i.e., main) trauma of each participant and do not consider the cumulative effects of multiple traumas, which many individuals experience. We sought to fill this gap by examining the effects of trauma-type (sexual vs. nonsexual), as well as the focality assigned to the sexual trauma (whether it was perceived as a main vs. background trauma), on symptoms and self-perceptions. Our sample comprised 231 Jewish-Israeli women: 96 with a single trauma-type and 135 with multiple (two to three) trauma-types. Women completed online measures of trauma history, symptoms, and self-perceptions. Women who were exposed to sexual trauma reported greater symptom severity and self-perception impairments than women with a history of nonsexual trauma-type(s). Among women with multiple trauma-types, those with a main sexual trauma reported greater symptom severity and self-perception impairments than women with a background sexual trauma. When controlling for levels of posttraumatic symptoms, differences in self-perceptions ceased to be significant. Our findings highlight the importance of collecting a detailed trauma history, with attention to trauma-centrality, and of addressing various symptoms and self-perceptions among sexual trauma survivors.
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Teli, Bilal A., Samina Bano i Mohd A. Paul. "Mediation effect of psychological factors on betrayal trauma and physical health symptoms among young adults". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, nr 5 (27.04.2022): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221235.

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Background: Betrayal trauma theory postulates abuse perpetrated by a caregiver or someone close to the victim results in worse mental health and physical health problems than abuse perpetrated by a non caregiver. Hence the present study was designed to study the mediation effect of psychological factors on high betrayal trauma and physical health symptoms among young adults.Methods: young adults with history of trauma based on purposive were taken from Delhi. Out of 200 young adults, 100 were high betrayal traumas and 100 were low betrayal traumas with age group ranged from 20-30 years. In order to identify high betrayal trauma and low betrayal trauma the brief betrayal trauma survey, followed by Toronto alexithymia scale, trauma symptom checklist-40, Pennebaker inventory of limbic languidness and socio-demographic data sheet.Results: The present study studied the mediation analyses and found that sexual abuse and sexual problem were mediates the association between high betrayal trauma and physical health problem.Conclusions: The mediation effect by sexual abuse trauma and sexual problem was reported on high betrayal trauma and physical health symptoms It highlights to inform the health professionals about the diverse range of symptoms associated with betrayal trauma and highlights the urgency of immediate intervention of betrayal trauma and helps the health professionals in awareness of connection among betrayal trauma, psychological difficulties, and physical health complaints and make appropriate assessments and referrals.
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Ojserkis, Rachel, Dean McKay i Se-Kang Kim. "Obsessive-compulsive symptom profiles in individuals exposed to interpersonal versus noninterpersonal trauma". Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 84, nr 1 (marzec 2020): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc_2020_84_04.

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Obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms have been associated with trauma exposure. Although no studies have specified relations between type of trauma and OC symptom presentations, this information may inform personalized care for this complex population. Thus, this study used profile analysis via multidimensional scaling to characterize typical OC symptom profiles in individuals exposed to interpersonal versus noninterpersonal traumas. Profiles were also correlated with self-reported disgust and mental contamination, which have been related to OC symptoms and interpersonal trauma in prior research. The interpersonal trauma group revealed two profiles: (1) Obsessing (high obsessing, low neutralizing), and (2) Ordering (high ordering, low obsessing). The noninterpersonal trauma group showed two profiles: (1) Hoarding/Ordering (high hoarding and ordering, low washing), and (2) Hoarding Only (high hoarding, low ordering). No significant correlations were found between OC profiles and disgust-related constructs. Clinical implications, limitations, and future directions are explored.
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Ellason, Joan W., i Colin A. Ross. "Childhood Trauma and Psychiatric Symptoms". Psychological Reports 80, nr 2 (kwiecień 1997): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.2.447.

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144 psychiatric inpatients who reported childhood physical or sexual trauma were administered the Symptom Check List-90-Revised, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule. There was a significant association of reported childhood abuse with psychotic and other symptoms. The findings support the hypothesis that experience of trauma may precede psychiatric symptoms, perhaps including positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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David, Melissa, Grazia Ceschi, Joël Billieux i Martial Van der Linden. "Depressive Symptoms After Trauma". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 196, nr 10 (październik 2008): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181879dd8.

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Gabínio, Thalita, Thaysse Ricci, Jeffrey P. Kahn, Dolores Malaspina, Helena Moreira i André B. Veras. "Early trauma, attachment experiences and comorbidities in schizophrenia". Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 40, nr 3 (5.04.2018): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0005.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate attachment patterns in subjects with schizophrenia and their relationships to early traumatic events, psychotic symptoms and comorbidities. Methods Twenty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) underwent retrospective symptom assessment and careful assessment of the number and manner of childhood caregiver changes. The Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis and Affective Disorders (DI-PAD) was used to assess symptoms related to schizophrenia (positive and negative symptoms), depression and mania. Anxiety disorder comorbidities were assessed by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Yale-Brown Obsessions and Compulsions Scale (Y-BOCS) and Panic and Schizophrenia Interview (PaSI). Experience in Close Relationships – Relationship Structures (ECR-RS) and Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF) were used to assess attachment patterns and traumatic history, respectively. Results Moderate and significant correlations between attachment patterns and early trauma showed that greater severity of anxious attachment was predicted by a higher frequency of total early traumas (Spearman ρ = 0.446, p = 0.04), mainly general traumas (ρ = 0.526, p = 0.017; including parental illness and separation, as well as natural disaster and serious accidents). Among the correlations between early trauma and comorbid symptoms, panic attacks occurring before the onset of schizophrenia showed significant and positive correlations with ETISR-SF total scores and the sexual trauma subscale. Conclusion Children with an unstable early emotional life are more vulnerable to the development of psychopathology, such as panic anxiety symptoms. Traumatic events may also predict later schizophrenia.
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Wilson, Christina K., Elena Padrón i Kristin W. Samuelson. "Trauma Type and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as Predictors of Parenting Stress in Trauma-Exposed Mothers". Violence and Victims 32, nr 1 (2017): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00077.

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Trauma exposure is associated with various parenting difficulties, but few studies have examined relationships between trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and parenting stress. Parenting stress is an important facet of parenting and mediates the relationship between parental trauma exposure and negative child outcomes (Owen, Thompson, & Kaslow, 2006). We examined trauma type (child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, community violence, and non-interpersonal traumas) and PTSD symptoms as predictors of parenting stress in a sample of 52 trauma-exposed mothers. Community violence exposure and PTSD symptom severity accounted for significant variance in parenting stress. Further analyses revealed that emotional numbing was the only PTSD symptom cluster accounting for variance in parenting stress scores. Results highlight the importance of addressing community violence exposure and emotion regulation difficulties with trauma-exposed mothers.
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Guina, Jeffrey, Ramzi W. Nahhas, Kevin Kawalec i Seth Farnsworth. "Are Gender Differences in DSM-5 PTSD Symptomatology Explained by Sexual Trauma?" Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, nr 21-22 (10.11.2016): 4713–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516677290.

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Although many studies have assessed gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence, few examine individual PTSD symptoms (PTSSs). Hypothesizing that trauma differences explain many gender differences in symptomatology, this is the first known study to adjust PTSSs for trauma type, and to compare gender differences in those with sexual traumas. Using a cross-sectional survey methodology in a sample of adult outpatients ( n = 775), we examined gender, trauma type, PTSSs, suicide, alcohol, and tobacco. Among those with trauma ( n = 483), women generally had more severe symptoms than men, but after adjusting for trauma type, only physical reactivity ( p = .0002), excessive startle ( p = .0005), external avoidance ( p = .0007), internal avoidance ( p = .0008), psychological reactivity ( p = .0009), and suicide attempts ( p = .001) remained significantly worse among women, whereas men more commonly reported alcohol problems ( p = .007). Among those with PTSD ( n = 164), there were no significant PTSS gender differences. Those with sexual trauma had worse symptoms (particularly amnesia) compared with non-sexual trauma ( p < .0001 for PTSD diagnosis and total severity), including within each gender. Among those with sexual trauma ( n = 157), men had worse recklessness ( p = .004) and more commonly reported tobacco ( p = .02), whereas women more commonly attempted suicide ( p = .02) and had worse avoidance ( p = .04). However, when isolating the effects of sexual trauma beyond other traumas, there were no significant symptom difference-in-differences between genders. Our findings suggest that, while women have higher PTSD rates, men with PTSD present similarly. In addition, while women have higher sexual trauma rates, men may have similarly severe responses. Most gender differences in PTSD presentation appear to be explained by trauma type, particularly women having higher rates of sexual trauma. We discuss potential biopsychosocial explanations.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Trauma symptoms"

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Nesbitt, Catherine. "Emotion and trauma : underlying emotions and trauma symptoms in two flooded populations". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4021.

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Flood literature presents an inconsistent account of post-disaster distress; debating whether distress is pathological or normal and attempting to understand distress in terms of disaster variables. The literature therefore provides little guidance as to how to formulate difficulties in a clinically meaningful way reflective of individual’s experiences. The SPAARS model is presented as a model by which to reconcile these differences and quantitative support for its concepts were studied within two flooded samples. Participants who were flooded in Carlisle in 2005 (n=32) and participants flooded in Morpeth in 2008 (n=29) provided two samples at different stages in flood recovery and facilitated a quasi-longitudinal sample for comparison of flood-related distress over time. Participants were asked to complete a survey pertaining to: basic emotions experienced during the flood event, basic emotions experienced after the flood, Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire (REQ) and the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI). Findings suggest that a third of participants who were flooded experienced clinically significant levels of distress, even after four years. Both samples showed higher levels of impact symptoms on the IES compared to symptoms on the TSI. Anxiety and anger were significant in reported flood experiences both during and after the flooding. Flood-related variables and previous experiences had no effect on increased distress but greater use of internal-dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies was related to increased impact and distress symptoms. Study findings and the SPAARS model are discussed in relation to previous flooding and PTSD literature, as well as clinical implications for the treatment of post-disaster distress and for the future management of flood-affected populations.
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Howell, Sean. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS ON SYMPTOMS OF POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/805.

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ABSTRACT Despite a plethora of research documenting the effectiveness of various therapeutic interventions on the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), there continues to be ambiguity insofar as which approaches or combination thereof are most effective at improving adverse manifestations of this disorder. This lack of clarity is further confounded when other variables and nuances pertaining to variations of PTSD (i.e. military, sexual trauma, childhood abuse, etc.) are factored into these comparisons. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the impact of various interventions on improving the symptoms of PTSD. This study also examined the variances which stand in need of recognition when determining which interventions are most appropriate and meaningful in improving the quality of life and functionality of individuals with this disorder. This has significance in both macro and micro social work practices due to the potential for improvements in policies, allocation of resources, and enhancements in micro-level interventions. The research design involved qualitative interviews with clinicians devised to identify gaps, areas of agreement, and dissent among the research. Data analysis will be qualitatiive and will be guided by assessing the impact of interventions on the 17 symptoms which, according to the DSM-5 are associated with PTSD.
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Piercy, Julie A. "The effect of information provision on trauma symptoms /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18544.pdf.

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McBain, Candice. "Deception and Deception Detection of Feigned Trauma Symptoms". Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/390064.

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Through this research project we assessed the ability of psychology students to enact and detect deception enacted through feigning symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Psychometric and psychophysiological testing are often used to assess the feigning or malingering of mental health disorders in forensic settings. However, clinicians do not always have these tools readily available to them. Therefore, we have focused our investigation on verbal and nonverbal behaviours that may be indicators of deception used to identify cases of feigning or malingering. Despite the large body of existing research on cues to deception, we currently have no reliable cues that proceed or accompany deception related to feigning or malingering a psychological disorder. Through a series of four studies we aimed to identify cues to deception that are exhibited when feigning symptoms of PTSD. The aim of Study 1 was to examine: personality traits (i.e., Introversion / Extroversion and Psychoticism) that may moderate the ability to deceive; emotional and physiological arousal (i.e., heart rate variability [HRV]) associated with deception; and the influence of these variables on peoples’ confidence in their own ability to deceive. Our findings indicated that emotional and physiological arousal related to the thought of enacting deception correlated with emotional and physiological arousal related to stress. However, emotional arousal associated with stress or deception was not correlated with physiological arousal associated with stress or deception. Therefore, we were unable to identify a consistent pattern of emotional and physiological responding associated with the thought of being deceitful. In addition: deception confidence was not correlated to the physiological arousal (i.e., HRV) associated with deceit; Psychoticism had no impact on emotional or physiological arousal associated with deception or deception confidence; and Introversion / Extroversion was not correlated to physiological arousal associated with deception. However, people higher on Extraversion reported more subjective distress after thinking about enacting deception than people higher on Introversion. During this study we identified the trait of Psychoticism as needing further investigation. Subsequently, in Study 2 we further examined deceivers who were low and higher in Psychoticism. We examined: verbal and nonverbal behaviours displayed when telling the truth and deceiving; verbal and nonverbal behaviours of deceivers who were low and higher in Psychoticism; and verbal and nonverbal behaviours of more and less credible deceivers. Deception confidence and perceived credibility (as judged by raters) were also considered. Most notably, we found that people smile less when deceiving. This is different to evidential deception research. Findings indicated that deceivers higher in Psychoticism displayed unique behavioural cues. However, Psychoticism did not moderate deception confidence or perceived credibility (as judged by raters). In Study 3, we again examined verbal and nonverbal behaviours displayed when telling the truth and enacting deceit. We also assessed the verbal and nonverbal behaviors of differentially motivated deceivers, and people who were more and less prepared to deceive. Deception confidence and perceived credibility were again considered. Findings indicated that participants in this sample displayed less eye movements, raised their eyebrows less, were less facially expressive, smiled less, and pursed their lips more when deceiving. More motivated deceivers and more prepared deceivers displayed unique behaviours and motivated deceivers spent more time preparing to deceive. However, deception preparation did not impact deception confidence or perceived credibility. The main aim of Study 4 was to examine the deception detection ability of psychology students, and the difference in deception detection ability between undergraduate and postgraduate psychology students. We also investigated the impact of law enforcement experience, legal experience, and psychology work experience on the ability to detect deception. Findings indicated: students were not better than chance (if we assume chance is 50%) at making lie / truth judgments; postgraduates were better deception detectors than undergraduates; experience with law enforcement and psychology work experience were positively correlated to deception detection ability; deception detectors were better able to identify deceivers who were less motivated to feign PTSD; confidence in people’s own ability to detect deception was not related to their actual ability to detect deception; and deception detectors did not rate truthtellers as more credible than deceivers. Overall, we find that deception of mental health symptoms leads to different cues than those found in evidential research. We also conclude that Psychoticism may lead to differential behavioural cues when deceiving, as do motivation and preparation time. People are not good at detecting deceit, but experience with psychology and life experience seems to be predictors in the case of detecting feigned trauma symptoms. Methodological limitations of the current studies include: the failure of the deception task to evoke strong physiological arousal in Study 1; the lack of high psychoticism deceivers in Study 2; the disparity in the duration of the two videos used in experiments 2 and 3; the disparity in credibility scores of the more credible deceivers group between Studies 2 and 3; and the inclusion of only one independent rater in Studies 2 and 3. Additionally, in comparison to the financial remuneration often gained through successful feigning or malingering of PTSD, the financial incentive offered in Studies 2 and 3 is nominal. These limitations are addressed in the general discussion of this thesis.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Myers, Abby Marie. "Multiple Interpersonal Traumas and Specific Constellations of Trauma Symptoms in a Clinical Population of University Females". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cps_diss/46.

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Female survivors of multiple forms of trauma are increasingly found to be a significant portion of the university population (Briere, Kaltman, & Green 2008). While there is a strong literature base for understanding the effects of individual trauma on psychological functioning (e.g., Briere, 1992; Kaltman, Krumnick, Stockton, Hooper, & Green, 2005), little is known about specific symptom constellations for those who have experienced multiple traumas (Rich, Gingerich, & Roseìn, 1997). Using a clinical population of 500 female university students, this study explored the rates of multiple interpersonal traumatic experiences, the connection between multiple traumas and symptom severity, and the association of specific constellations of multiple types of traumas with specific constellations of trauma symptoms. The Trauma Symptom Inventory-Alternate (Briere, 1995) and self-report measures of demographic data and abuse histories were used to collect data, which was analyzed with frequencies, Multivariate Analysis of Variance, and a Canonical Correlation to explore the interrelationships of abuse and trauma symptoms. Multiple abuse was common, with 81% of participants experiencing two or more types of abuse. Multiple trauma generally predicted more severe trauma-related symptoms than those with no trauma or single traumas. A Canonical Correlation revealed a moderately significant relationship between participants with aggressive types of abuse (e.g., childhood physical, adult physical, and adult sexual abuse) with higher symptoms of intrusive experiences, defensive-avoidance, and dissociation. These findings suggest a differential model of trauma effects, particularly for trauma types characterized by aggression. Implications for future research and clinical practice are addressed.
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Chase-Brennan, Kimberly B. "Aspects of Spirituality as Moderators in the Relationship between Trauma Exposure and Trauma Symptoms". Thesis, Northcentral University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3569189.

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Disorder of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS) are physiological and psychological symptoms known to arise in the aftermath of trauma. Although lifetime prevalence of trauma capable of resulting in PTSD is 50-90%, lifetime prevalence of PTSD is eight percent, indicating that there may be factors that protect against the development of such symptoms. Spirituality has been implicated as a possible moderator; spirituality may play a protective or restorative role in lessening the relationship between trauma exposure and trauma symptoms. The purpose of this quantitative research was to examine the moderating role of different aspects of spirituality, including cognitive orientation to spirituality, the experiential/phenomenological dimensions of spirituality, and religiousness, on the relationship between trauma exposure and trauma symptoms when such symptoms are defined to include both PTSD and DESNOS. Data collected from members of the general adult population using a cross-sectional online survey design indicated that the cognitive orientation to spirituality and the experiential/phenomenological dimension of spirituality both significantly moderated the relationship between trauma exposure and DESNOS symptoms; both of these aspects of spirituality buffer the strength of the relationship between trauma exposure and DESNOS symptoms. Religiousness was not found to moderate the relationship between trauma exposure and DESNOS, and none of the aspects of spirituality moderated the relationship between trauma exposure and PTSD. These findings add to what is currently known about the protective role of spirituality, provide additional data on the differences between PTSD and DESNOS symptoms, and set the stage for further research.

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Hunter, Gillian. "Examining trauma symptoms in children exposed to domestic violence". Thesis, Bangor University, 2006. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/examining-trauma-systems-in-children-exposed-to-domestic-violence(b0385558-e570-4d1d-ba19-aa1a2464f54e).html.

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Fischer, Beth Ann. "A PROSPECTIVE EXAMINATION OF URINARY STRESS HORMONES AND PTSD SYMPTOMS FROM MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT TO POST-TRAUMA RECOVERY". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1194966805.

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Spauwen, Janneke, Lydia Krabbendam, Roselind Lieb, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen i Os Jim van. "Impact of psychological trauma on the development of psychotic symptoms: relationship with psychosis proneness". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-108608.

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Background. The reported link between psychological trauma and onset of psychosis remains controversial. Aims. To examine associations between self-reported psychological trauma and psychotic symptoms as a function of prior evidence of vulnerability to psychosis (psychosis proneness). Method. At baseline, 2524 adolescents aged 14-24 years provided self-reports on psychological trauma and psychosis proneness, and at follow-up (on average 42 months later) participants were interviewed for presence of psychotic symptoms. Results. Self-reported trauma was associated with psychotic symptoms, in particular at more severe levels (adjusted OR1.89,95% CI1.16-3.08) and following trauma associated with intense fear, helplessness or horror. The risk difference between those with and without self-reported trauma at baseline was 7% in the group with baseline psychosis proneness, but only 1.8% in those without (adjusted test for difference between these two effect sizes: χ2=4.6, P=0.032). Conclusions. Exposure to psychological trauma may increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in people vulnerable to psychosis.
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Creedy, Debra Kay, i D. Creedy@mailbox gu edu au. "Birthing and the development of trauma symptoms: Incidence and contributing factors". Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 1999. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030102.101015.

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Background: Little is known about the relationship between women's birthing experiences and the development of trauma symptoms. This study aimed to determine the incidence of acute trauma symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women as a result of their labor and delivery experiences, and identify factors that contributed to the women's psychological distress. Method: Using a prospective, longitudinal design, women in their last trimester of pregnancy were recruited from four public hospital antenatal clinics. Four to six weeks postpartum, telephone interviews were conducted with participants (n = 499) and explored the medical and midwifery management of the birth, perceptions of intrapartum care, and the presence of trauma symptoms. Results: One in three women (33%) identified a traumatic birthing event and reported the presence of at least three trauma symptoms. Twenty-eight women (5.6%) met DSM-IV criteria for acute posttraumatic stress disorder. Antenatal variables were not found to contribute to the development of acute or chronic trauma symptoms. The level of obstetric intervention experienced during childbirth (beta = .351, p <.0001) and the perception of inadequate intrapartum care (beta = .319, p <.0001) during labor were consistently associated with the development of acute trauma symptoms. Conclusions: Posttraumatic stress disorder following childbirth is an under-recognized phenomenon. Women who experienced both a high level of obstetric intervention and were dissatisfied with their intrapartum care were more likely to develop trauma symptoms than women who received a high level of obstetric intervention or women who perceived their care to be inadequate. Such findings should prompt a serious review of intrusive obstetric intervention during labor and delivery, and the psychological care provided to birthing women.
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Książki na temat "Trauma symptoms"

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Psychic trauma: Dynamics, symptoms, and treatment. Northvale, N.J: Jason Aronson, 2002.

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Roman, Eva. Trauma: How to recognise the symptoms and help the victims. Chalford: Management Books 2000, 2000.

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1968-, Scott Catherine, red. Principles of trauma therapy: A guide to symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. Wyd. 2. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2013.

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1968-, Scott Catherine, red. Principles of trauma therapy: A guide to symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2006.

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Schemitsch, Emil H. Operative techniques: Orthopaedic trauma surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier, 2010.

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Abouddahab, Rédouane, i Pascal Bataillard. Écriture et libération: Trauma, fantasme, symptôme. Lyon]: Merry world, 2009.

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Symptom, Sexualität, Trauma: Kohärenzlinien des Ästhetischen um 1900. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2006.

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Briere, John. Trauma symptom checklist for young children (TSCYC): Professional manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 2005.

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Shannon, Joyce Brennfleck. Child abuse sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about the maltreatment of children, including statistics, risk factors, symptoms, therapies, and the long-term consequences of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and neglect, featuring facts about Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP), abusive head trauma, corporal punishment, parental substance abuse, incest, and child exploitation ... Wyd. 2. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2009.

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Brenner, Ira. Psychic Trauma: Dynamics, Symptoms, and Treatment. Jason Aronson, 2004.

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Części książek na temat "Trauma symptoms"

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Pausch, Markus J., i Sven J. Matten. "Symptoms of PTSD". W Trauma and Trauma Consequence Disorder, 27–52. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38807-2_4.

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Hardt, Nicolas, i Johannes Kuttenberger. "Craniofacial Fracture Symptoms". W Craniofacial Trauma, 77–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33041-7_6.

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Hardt, Nicolas, i Peter Kessler. "Craniofacial Fracture Symptoms". W Craniofacial Trauma, 91–130. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77210-3_6.

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Smith, Gerrilyn. "Working Systemically with PTSD Symptoms". W Working with Trauma, 99–121. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01558-7_6.

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Smith, Jeffery. "Involuntary Symptoms: Trauma and Dissociation". W Psychotherapy, 251–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49460-9_21.

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Kaiser, Georges L. "Surgical Abdomen due to Abdominal Trauma and Foreign Bodies". W Symptoms and Signs in Pediatric Surgery, 299–312. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31161-1_16.

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Kivimäki, Ville. "Experiencing Trauma Before Trauma: Posttraumatic Memories, Nightmares and Flashbacks Among Finnish Soldiers". W Palgrave Studies in the History of Experience, 89–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84663-3_4.

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AbstractThis chapter discusses the appearance of trauma symptoms among the Finnish soldiers of World War II. Kivimäki analyzes three kinds of sources: wartime psychiatric patient files, war veterans’ dream reminiscences and war-related fiction movies in the postwar era. These materials reveal that posttraumatic memories, nightmares and flashbacks were a wide-spread phenomenon already in the 1940s, although the concept of trauma was not yet developed within Finnish psychiatry. The chapter suggests that traumatic symptoms are not simply born out of psychiatric paradigms, but that the culture that shapes and produces the symptoms must be understood more broadly. In the end, Kivimäki proposes the concept of experience as a move forward in the historical analysis of human reactions to trauma.
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O’Connor, Maja, i Ask Elklit. "Treating PTSD Symptoms in Older Adults". W Evidence Based Treatments for Trauma-Related Psychological Disorders, 381–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07109-1_20.

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O’Connor, Maja, i Ask Elklit. "Treating PTSD Symptoms in Older Adults". W Evidence Based Treatments for Trauma-Related Psychological Disorders, 443–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97802-0_21.

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Weits, Genelle. "Trauma and Pain: Linking Emotional and Physical Symptoms". W Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Related Diseases in Combat Veterans, 213–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22985-0_15.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Trauma symptoms"

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Woodward, Kelsey, Annalee Ellis, Jenni Teeters i Matthew Woodward. "Examining Associations Between Trauma Exposure and Cannabis Use Frequency, Quantity, Duration, and Age of Onset". W 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.39.

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Prior research has identified an association between trauma exposure and cannabis use, such that a history of trauma exposure is associated with greater likelihood of lifetime cannabis use. However, little research has expanded upon this association, making it unclear whether trauma exposure is associated with cannabis use outcomes beyond lifetime history of use. Given that heavy cannabis use and trauma exposure are risk factors for a number of deleterious outcomes, it is important to further examine the influence of trauma exposure on cannabis use. The purpose of the current study was to further explore this relationship by examining associations between trauma exposure and various indices of cannabis use. Participants included a sample of 722 female undergraduates at least 18 years or older (M = 19.0) who were recruited through a campus-wide online study pool. Participants completed measures on trauma exposure (calculated as number of traumas experienced), cannabis use (i.e., Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use [DFAQ-CU]; Cutler & Spradlin, 2017), and mental health symptoms. Specific indices of cannabis use were lifetime history of cannabis use, age of onset of cannabis use, current frequency of use, current quantity of use (in grams), and length of use. Logistic regression analyses and correlations were used to explore the associations between trauma and cannabis use variables. Subsequent analyses were conducted controlling for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to determine whether relationships between trauma exposure and cannabis use remained after accounting for PTSD symptoms. Thirty-seven percent (n = 266) of the sample indicated a lifetime history of cannabis use. Similar to previous research, greater trauma exposure was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of a lifetime history of cannabis use (OR = 1.14, p < .001). Additionally, number of traumas experienced and age of onset of cannabis use were significantly negatively correlated, r(262) = -.16, p < .01, indicating that greater trauma exposure was associated with earlier onset of use. Number of traumas experienced was positively correlated with duration of cannabis use, r(236)=.14, p = .03, indicating greater trauma exposure was associated with greater duration of use. Number of traumas experienced was also positively correlated with quantity of cannabis use, r(175)=.20, p < .01, showing that greater trauma exposure was associated with higher amounts of cannabis used. These associations remained significant even after controlling for PTSD symptoms. Frequency of cannabis use was not significantly correlated with trauma exposure, r(266) = -.01, p = .82. The results of the present study indicate that trauma exposure is associated with a range of indices of cannabis use beyond lifetime history of use, even after accounting for the influence of PTSD. These findings highlight the importance of extending examination of trauma and cannabis beyond frequency of use. Although trauma exposure may serve as a risk factor for elevated cannabis use, it is also possible that cannabis use may increase the risk of trauma exposure. Future studies should explore these associations longitudinally as well as examine the mechanisms that link these outcomes together.
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Farrelly, Kyra, Pablo Romero-Sanchiz, Ioan Mahu, Sean Barrett, Pamela Collins, Daniel Rasic i Sherry Stewart. "Do Cannabis Use Motives Mediate the Relationship between PTSD Symptoms and Cannabis Craving to Trauma Cues?" W 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.27.

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Cannabis use is common in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The PTSD-cannabis relationship is important as cannabis use can worsen PTSD outcomes. Cannabis use motives are a useful construct for understanding the PTSD-cannabis relationship. Frequent pairing of a trauma cue with substance use to cope can lead to conditioned substance craving. The extant research has not yet examined potential mechanisms to explain this effect. We recruited 51 cannabis users with a trauma history for a cannabis cue-reactivity study to examine coping motives as a potential mediator of the hypothesized relationship between PTSD symptoms and cannabis craving to trauma cues. Participants first completed a validated cannabis use motives measure. They were then exposed to a personalized audio and visual cue based on their trauma experience and reported on their cannabis craving immediately following using a standardized measure. Coping motives were contrasted with enhancement motives as the mediator. Results supported our first hypothesis: PTSD symptoms were associated with increased cannabis craving following personal trauma cue exposure. However, our second hypothesis of an indirect effect through coping motives was not supported. We did find an independent main effect of coping motives on cannabis craving triggered by trauma cue exposure. The lack of an interaction between PTSD symptoms and coping motives on trauma-cue induced craving is potentially due to other factors we did not examine that help strengthen the relationship (e.g., sleep). These findings have important clinical implications for targeting both PTSD symptoms and coping motives to prevent the development of conditioned cannabis craving to trauma reminders.
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Măirean, Cornelia, i Diana Mihaela Cimpoeșu. "THE RELATIONS BETWEEN TRAUMA EXPOSURE, SUBJECTIVE TRAUMA APPRAISALS, AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS SYMPTOMS IN A SAMPLE OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT VICTIMS". W International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2020inpact008.

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Măirean, Cornelia, i Diana Mihaela Cimpoeșu. "THE RELATIONS BETWEEN TRAUMA EXPOSURE, SUBJECTIVE TRAUMA APPRAISALS, AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS SYMPTOMS IN A SAMPLE OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT VICTIMS". W International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2020inpact008.pdf.

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Ju Shin, Ye, i Kyung Ja Oh. "The Differences of Post-Traumatic stress symptoms following cognitive processing of trauma-related stimulus". W Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1865_cbp13.67.

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Yoganandan, Narayan, i Frank A. Pintar. "Facet Joint Local Component Kinetics in Whiplash Trauma". W ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0308.

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Abstract The term whiplash was introduced in 1928. Since its introduction, it has been primarily dedicated to refer to the sequela of events stemming from vehicular rear-end crashes wherein the human body is initially accelerated from back to front through dynamic impact. Other terminologies have included cantilever injury, hyperextension injuries, cervical sprain/strain, and acceleration-deceleration syndrome. It is estimated that 86% of all clinically seen neck injuries result from motor vehicle crashes and that 85% of these injuries occur due to rear-end impact. Precise estimates for the actual incidence and the associated economics of the injury are not easily available. This is primarily due to the multitude of variables involved in the production and assessment of trauma. Vehicular factors, occupant demographics and positioning at the time of crash, and collision variables together with the human tolerance constitute a significant body of parameters responsible for the injury sequela; symptoms may be acute or chronic. A generally reported incidence rate of whiplash injury is about one in 1000 in Western countries and approximately 25% of the patients become chronic with 10% suffering serious pain [1].
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Ferrara, Amanda. "The Mediation of Metacognition on Relationships Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Trauma Symptoms, and Reading Comprehension". W 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1586003.

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Laden Hammoud, Shema El, Gabrielle Gruppelli Good, André Luiz Cristani Bizetto i Anderson Matsubara. "Dissecção espontânea da artéria carótida em jovem: Um artigo de revisão". W XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.211.

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Background: Spontaneous dissection of the carotid artery is a significant cause of stroke in young people, and may be the etiology of up to 25% of ischemic strokes in this age group. Understanding the causes and clinical parameters about the disease is essential, since the perception of signs and symptoms that anticipate a cerebrovascular accident is an important prognostic factor. Objectives: Expand knowledge about the clinical and etiological mechanisms of spontaneous carotid dissection, in addition to the possibilities of diagnostic tools, providing an early approach to the disease. Methods: The study was carried out through the selection of scientific articles of systematic review on pathology, published in journals stored in the database of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PUBMED and Google Scholar website. Results: The pathology is associated with several factors, including systemic arterial hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, antiphospholipid antibody syndromes, mild cervical trauma and genetic alterations. Acute ipsilateral pain to the neck, associated with unilateral throbbing headache, was the most reported symptom. Conclusions: The perception of symptoms anticipating a cerebrovascular accident is essential to prevent secondary injuries. Although digital angiography is the gold standard test, MRI angiography and color Doppler ultrasound have been increasingly used during the acute phase of spontaneous carotid dissections.
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Pinheiro, Renato Serquiz Elias, Emanuelly da Costa Nobre Soares, Maria Eduarda Bezerra Figueiredo, Stella Mandu Cicco i Anna Beatriz Graciano Zuza. "Secondary parkinsonism and normal pressure hydrocephaly because of cranioencephalic trauma: a case report". W XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.653.

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Context: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) occurs due to the quantitative imbalance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), changes in absorption or drainage. It shows idiopathic or secondary etiology. Head trauma (TBI) — which causes brain and/or arachnoid granulations fibrosis and inflammation — impairs CSF reabsorption and induces accumulation in the ventricular system. The diagnosis of sNPH was based on a conjunction of symptoms (e.g.: urinary incontinence, dementia, and gait impairment) and imaging studies. Among the treatments with significant clinical improvement, there are ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP) and tap test. Case report: FAR, a 74-year old man who was diagnosed with parkinsonian syndrome after 6 months of TBI, showed stiffness, bradykinesia and tremor at rest. In addition, he had CT and Skull MRI. Previous studies suggested PNH. Drug therapy with an optimized dose of Levodopa + Benserazide was established. However, it has shown an unsatisfactory response to antiparkinsonian drugs. Hence, he was submitted to the tap test, obtaining functionality and gait reversion as well as cognitive deficits regression. Those results still remained four weeks after the medical procedure. Conclusions: The work aims to emphasize the importance of a positive tap test response as well as early diagnosis and treatment in the outcome of the morbidity.
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Mairean, Cornelia. "THE RELATION BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE TRAUMA EVALUATION AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS SYMPTOMS. THE MODERATING ROLE OF TRAFFIC LOCUS OF CONTROL". W 6th SWS International Scientific Conference on Social Sciences ISCSS 2019. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscss.2019.3/s11.042.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Trauma symptoms"

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Jangir, Hemlata, Aparna Ningombam, Arulselvi Subramanian i Subodh Kumar. Traumatic Jejunal Mesenteric Pseudocyst in the Vicinity of Blunt Abdominal Trauma with a Brief Review of Literature. Science Repository, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.ajscr.2022.04.04.

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Mesenteric pseudocyst (MP) is a rare heterogeneous group of intra-abdominal benign cystic lesions with different etiopathogenesis and clinically silent behaviours. These lesions are introduced as one of the entities based on the histological features of thick fibrous cyst walls, barren of the epithelial lining. Often, they present as expanding abdominal masses or are diagnosed incidentally in conventional radiological studies, exploratory laparotomies, or with symptoms of complications such as infection, torsion, or rupture. Surgical removal of the cyst, with or without resection of the affected intestinal segment, is the treatment of choice. Depending upon the size and location of the lesion and related complications, it can be managed by open surgical procedures or laparoscopic approach. Only a handful of 7 cases of traumatic mesenteric cysts have been reported yet in the vicinity of blunt abdominal trauma. We report a rare incidentally detected case of mesenteric pseudocyst (traumatic) in a male of early 20s with a history of blunt abdominal trauma 13 months back and for which serial abdominal exploratory laparotomies were performed. A brief review of the literature is provided, conforming to the rarity of the case. This case highlights the role of histomorphology in diagnosing a benign cystic entity with accuracy, that could be misdiagnosed as infectious granulomatous lesion.
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.

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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.
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