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N.V. Kuznetsova, N. V. x., i A. I. Merzlyakova. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF ORGAN DONATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, SWITZERLAND AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA". Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 32, nr 6 (24.11.2022): 1088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2022-32-6-1088-1093.
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For a long time, the transplantation of organs and tissues from one person to another has remained an unsolvable medical problem. Nowadays, donor organ transplantation is a common and successful way to treat patients with terminal organ failure, which undoubtedly makes it more in demand. The largest percentage of all organ transplants involves transplants from people who have already died. In this regard, an important issue is the possibility for a person to express his or her will regarding the posthumous removal of organs for transplantation, and the mechanisms and possibilities of this expression of will as such. The article deals with the provisions of Russian, US and Swiss legislation regulating the organization and functioning of the organ transplantation system in each country; legal relations in the field of organ and tissue transplantation as well as the mechanisms of citizens' will regarding the posthumous removal of organs and tissues for transplantation purposes. Legal problems of realization of such will in the Russian Federation are covered. The ways of solving the arising problems are offered. The role of legislation, including the presumption on the removal of organs, and other factors influencing the increase in the number of transplantations carried out in the country are considered.
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Krezdorn, Nicco, Sotirios Tasigiorgos, Luccie Wo, Marvee Turk, Rachel Lopdrup, Harriet Kiwanuka, Thet-Su Win, Ericka Bueno i Bohdan Pomahac. "Tissue conservation for transplantation". Innovative Surgical Sciences 2, nr 4 (8.08.2017): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iss-2017-0010.
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AbstractPathophysiological changes that occur during ischemia and subsequent reperfusion cause damage to tissues procured for transplantation and also affect long-term allograft function and survival. The proper preservation of organs before transplantation is a must to limit these injuries as much as possible. For decades, static cold storage has been the gold standard for organ preservation, with mechanical perfusion developing as a promising alternative only recently. The current literature points to the need of developing dedicated preservation protocols for every organ, which in combination with other interventions such as ischemic preconditioning and therapeutic additives offer the possibility of improving organ preservation and extending it to multiple times its current duration. This review strives to present an overview of the current body of knowledge with regard to the preservation of organs and tissues destined for transplantation.
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Laudy, Agnieszka E., i Stefan Tyski. "Infections Connected with Organ and Tissue Transplantation". Advancements of Microbiology 63, nr 2 (1.06.2024): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/am-2024-0006.
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Abstract Transplantology is a branch of medicine that is developing rapidly. Transplanted whole organs or segments of organs may be recovered from either living or deceased donors. New methods of preserving transplanted solid organs, including the kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas, as well as tissues, such as the cornea and skin, are being developed. Preservation fluid, which is used to perfuse and store the donated organ or tissue, should reduce biological deterioration of organs and tissue, attenuate ischemia/reperfusion-induced cell/tissue injury, and protect against damage. Lowering the storage temperature of organs significantly reduces the risk of damage. Efforts are also made to shorten the time between collecting the organ or tissue from the donor and transplanting it in the recipient. However, during transplantation, the recipient may become infected, primarily with bacteria and fungi. Infections of organ recipients occur most often due to unhygienic organ collection, improper handling and transport, and inappropriate preservation conditions, especially contamination of preservation fluid. The literature on contamination of organ preservation fluid and infections in graft recipients is very diverse, both in terms of the isolated bacterial and fungal species and the number of incidents. A large percentage of contaminating microorganisms belong to the generally non-pathogenic skin microbiota, but there are also cases of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Besides, the transplanted organs themselves may pose a danger. They may contain latent microorganisms, mainly viruses and parasites, that could be activated in a patient who has been subjected to immunosuppression to reduce the risk of organ rejection.
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V. V., KRISHTAL. "THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN ORGANS AND TISSUES WITH REFERENCE TO TRANSPLANTATION: LESSONS FROM INTERNATIONAL LAW". Journal of the Belarusian State University. International relations, nr 1 (17.06.2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-57-65.
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The definition of the term “human organs and tissues” is considered with reference to the transplantation of organs and tissues. We review the doctrinal approaches, provisions of international legal acts, international instruments, and national legal frameworks related to the transplantation of human organs and tissues. We conclude by proposing a definition of the terms “human organ” and “human tissue” with emphasis on the substantive aspects inherent in them.
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Kobets, P. N., i K. A. Krasnova. "Genesis of Legal Regulation of Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation in the Russian Federation". Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 18, nr 3 (9.11.2023): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2023-3-42-51.
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The authors explore the genesis of human organ and tissue transplantation in our country and the legal relations arising in this connection. For a long time, this area of medical activity was not regulated at the legislative level. Prior to 1917, the issues of transplantation were predominantly theoretical. In the Soviet period of the history of the Russian state, the development of public medicine and numerous military conflicts confirmed the applied nature of experiments on human organ and tissue transplantation. During this period, rapid development of legislation also affected healthcare. The legal presumption of consent to the removal of organs and (or) tissues was formulated, which established the legal framework for donation of human organs and tissues. At the same time, until 1992, the issues of transplantation were regulated mainly by departmental acts of the USSR Ministry of Health. The Law of the Russian Federation “On Transplantation of Human Organs and (or) Tissues” adopted in 1992 determined that the legal regulation of transplantation issues, including the list of transplantation objects, is determined by the federal executive body in the field of healthcare together with the Russian Academy of Sciences. The current level of development of experimental medicine, including transplantology, makes it necessary to regularly supplement the legislation in this area. For example, only on May 1, 2022, transplantation objects were supplemented with hematopoietic stem cells, and gaps in the legal regulation of pediatric transplantation were eliminated. The authors conclude that our country has significant experience in the field of transplantation and a quite perfect legislative framework. However, work on adjusting the current legislation, adopting new laws and by-laws in this area should not stop.
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Dzobo, Kevin, Nicholas Ekow Thomford, Dimakatso Alice Senthebane, Hendrina Shipanga, Arielle Rowe, Collet Dandara, Michael Pillay i Keolebogile Shirley Caroline M. Motaung. "Advances in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: Innovation and Transformation of Medicine". Stem Cells International 2018 (30.07.2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2495848.
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Humans and animals lose tissues and organs due to congenital defects, trauma, and diseases. The human body has a low regenerative potential as opposed to the urodele amphibians commonly referred to as salamanders. Globally, millions of people would benefit immensely if tissues and organs can be replaced on demand. Traditionally, transplantation of intact tissues and organs has been the bedrock to replace damaged and diseased parts of the body. The sole reliance on transplantation has created a waiting list of people requiring donated tissues and organs, and generally, supply cannot meet the demand. The total cost to society in terms of caring for patients with failing organs and debilitating diseases is enormous. Scientists and clinicians, motivated by the need to develop safe and reliable sources of tissues and organs, have been improving therapies and technologies that can regenerate tissues and in some cases create new tissues altogether. Tissue engineering and/or regenerative medicine are fields of life science employing both engineering and biological principles to create new tissues and organs and to promote the regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. Major advances and innovations are being made in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and have a huge impact on three-dimensional bioprinting (3D bioprinting) of tissues and organs. 3D bioprinting holds great promise for artificial tissue and organ bioprinting, thereby revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine. This review discusses how recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering can improve 3D bioprinting and vice versa. Several challenges must be overcome in the application of 3D bioprinting before this disruptive technology is widely used to create organotypic constructs for regenerative medicine.
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Jin, Zhirui. "Research Progress on Tissue Engineering of Main Tissues and Organs of Human Body". E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 03043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124503043.
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The injury and failure diseases of human tissues and organs, such as heart failure and chronic kidney disease, seriously threaten human health and life safety. At present, however, organ transplantation has obvious limitations, and tissue engineering is considered as a potential alternative therapy. Tissue engineering uses the construction of cells, biomaterials and bioreactors to develop three-dimensional artificial tissues and organs for the enhancement, repair and replacement of damaged or diseased tissues and organs, which contributes to the fundamental solutions of diseases of tissues and organs as well as to the improvement of human health. This paper introduces the research progress of tissue engineering technology in the field of living organs from three aspects: seed cells, application of growth factors and biomimetic preparation of functionalized scaffold materials, hoping to provide help and ideas for the research and industrial development of the repair and reconstruction of human organs.
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Lewis, David D., Robin R. Vidovich i LifeBanc Cleveland. "Factors Influencing Organ Placement Efforts in Donors with Brain Tumors". Journal of Transplant Coordination 6, nr 1 (marzec 1996): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/090591999600600110.
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A 3-year retrospective review of brain tumor cases was performed to determine factors that influence organ procurement in light of the increase in references in transplant literature to the hazards of transplanting organs from donors with brain tumors. A 3-year review of cases in which organ procurement efforts occurred were evaluated. Of 314 cases resulting from this review, organ procurement efforts yielded 10 patients with a diagnosis of brain tumor. Of those 10 cases, seven progressed to organ donation, with at least one organ per patient recovered. Manipulation of brain tumors or manipulation along with tissue diagnosis does not seem to hinder procurement of organs. Without tissue diagnosis, the ability of the organ procurement organization to place organs decreases significantly.
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Shafiee, Ashkan, Elham Ghadiri, Jareer Kassis i Anthony Atala. "Nanosensors for therapeutic drug monitoring: implications for transplantation". Nanomedicine 14, nr 20 (październik 2019): 2735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2019-0150.
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The number of patients requiring organ transplantations is exponentially increasing. New organs are either provided by healthy or deceased donors, or are grown in laboratories by tissue engineers. Post-surgical follow-up is vital for preventing any complications that can cause organ rejection. Physiological monitoring of a patient who receives newly transplanted organs is crucial. Many efforts are being made to enhance follow-up technologies for monitoring organ recipients, and point-of-care devices are beginning to emerge. Here, we describe the role of biosensors and nanosensors in improving organ transplantation efficiency, managing post-surgical follow-up and reducing overall costs. We provide an overview of the state-of-the-art biosensing technologies and offer some perspectives related to their further development.
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Orlean, Аndriy M., Inna V. Berdnik i Mykhailo S. Puzyrov. "INTERNATIONAL– LEGAL REGULATION OF TRANSPLANTATION IN THE SYSTEM OF PREVENTION OF ILLEGAL TRADE IN ORGANS, TISSUES AND CELLS". Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, nr 11 (2021): 3036–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202111230.
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The aim: To investigate the features of international – legal regulation of organ, tissue, and cell transplantation in the system of prevention of illegal trade and on the basis of analysis of international acts to formulate proposals for implementation of its norms to the modern national legislation of European countries. Materials and methods: The study used international instruments in the field of human rights protection in organ, tissue, and cell transplantation using a set of philosophical approaches, general scientific and special legal research methods. Conclusions: Based on the analysis of international acts in the field of organ, tissue, and cell transplantation, we can conclude that it is necessary to adopt an international legal act on transplantation and incorporate its provisions into national legislation. It will provide a legal basis for domestic policy, implementation of administrative measures in order to create an effective system for combating illicit trafficking in organs, tissues, and cells, and ensuring human rights and freedoms in the field of transplantation.
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Popovych, Tereziia P., Anatoliy M. Potapchuk, Oleksandr Ya Rogach i Volodymyr V. Dzhuhan. "LEGAL OBLIGATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN ORGANS AND TISSUES TRANSPLANTATION". Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, nr 4 (2022): 1013–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek20220420117.
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The aim: To highlight and analyze the nature of certain legal obligations occuring in the process of human organs and tissues transplantation, in particular, the following obligations: compliance with regulatory and medical requirements for organ and human tissues transplantation, obtaining the donor’s consent for organs and tissues transplantation, organs or tissues transplantation on a non-commercial basis. Materials and methods: Methodologically, this work is based on the system of methods, scientific approaches, techniques and principles with the help of which the realization of the research aim is carried out. There have been applied universal, general scientific and special legal methods. Conclusions: Analyzed regulatory and medical requirements, indicate the complexity of the transplant process, as well as the need for strict compliance with established regulations and rules. For the whole complex transplant procedure, one of the key points is the donor’s consent (disagreement) to remove anatomical materials from him. The obligation to perform organ or tissue transplantation on a non-commercial basis has a dual purpose: first, to prevent offenses and legal violations in this area; secondly, to determine as transparently and clearly as possible the list of costs incurred by the donor in connection with the organs and tissues removal and subject to reimbursement, the procedure for such reimbursement and its reasonable, acceptable and sufficient amount.
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Andrade, Ana Maria Lima Carneiro de, Caroline Pereira Modesto, Lucas Tavares Cruz de Albuquerque, Taelis Araujo Granja, Ana Beatriz Tavares Cruz de Albuquerque, Cláudio Gleidiston Lima da Silva i Djailson Ricardo Malheiro. "DONATION AND TRANSPLANTATION OF ORGANS AND TISSUES IN A BIOETHIC DIMENSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW". Amadeus International Multidisciplinary Journal 5, nr 9 (3.08.2020): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/aimj.v5i9.128.
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Abstract: Organs and tissue transplantation between humans is a relatively current tool in medical practice and is based on the implantation of a solid organ or tissue from a living donor or corpse to a receiver. From the transplantation practice on an ascending scale practiced all over the world, linked to the growing demand for the health system, emerged the need to implement normative ethical concepts to regulate these procedures. Methodology: It is a systematic review whose data were extracted from the PubMed and VHL databases. In the first one, the descriptors “bioethics” and “organ transplantation” were used using the logical operator AND that resulted in 731 articles and, after refinement, the sample registered 02 (two) articles. In the second cited base, the search was performed with the same descriptors (n = 536), but only 07 were selected. Results: We emphasize the transplantation concept and its attributions, besides exploring legislative changes in Brazil and in the world, ethical and bioethical debates on the subject and the medical-legal panel involved. Conclusion: Faced with the death expectation, organ transplantation emerges as a safe method with the potential to increase longevity and quality of the patient life, nevertheless, ethical dilemmas arise in this process. Keywords: Bioethics. Tissues and organs obtainment. Organ transplantation.
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Omrani, Jalal, i Madjid Momeni-Moghaddam. "Stem Cells’ Future: Toward Organ Bioprinting". Journal of Genes and Cells 3 (20.03.2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/gnc.53.
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Organ Bioprinting is a new approach in the field of regenerative medicine that try to make a whole intact functionally active organ from tissue specific cells. Providing such organs are very important because every year many patients need to organ transplantation but the number of donors are so limited. Organs made from different tissue with different kinds of cell types and for Organ Bioprinting first we need to provide these cell types. Currently, with regards to advances in stem cell biology specially invention of easy methods for isolation mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as one the appropriate cell type for regeneration purpose and also due to their unique properties including lack of immune-rejection in allograft, MSCs have gained attention for using in organ production. MSCs can isolate from many tissues of adults and differentiate in a targeted manner into cells of interest; provide a main material of tissue engineering triangle (i.e. cells, biomaterial and growth factors) for 3D bioprinting of human organs on a substrate. Printers have the ability of designing tissues and organs with fusing living tissue specific cells and extracellular matrix in layers to produce 3D biologically functional new organ. It is conceivable that in the near future, stem cells will play their predicted role; i.e. whole organ production.
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Burris, Gary W., i Arlene J. Jacobs. "A Continuous Quality Improvement Process to Increase Organ and Tissue Donation". Journal of Transplant Coordination 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 1996): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/090591999600600210.
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The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 mandated that hospitals must identify potential organ and tissue donors, notify an organ procurement organization of the potential donor, and inform family members regarding the opportunity to donate organs and tissues. Although the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requires that hospitals comply with this statute, no standard for documenting compliance exists. A continuous quality improvement process was developed at one institution to define a policy, educate staff, and document and monitor compliance. The number of referrals to the organ procurement organization and the number of organ and tissue donors were found to increase. These observations suggest that implementation of a continuous quality improvement process that ensures compliance with organ procurement regulations might increase the number of organ and tissue donors.
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Huzarska, Dorota, Joanna Huzarska, Leonard Pędziński, Paweł Sowa i Andrzej Szpak. "Legal Regulations Regarding Transplantation - In Poland, Germany and Switzerland". Polish Journal of Public Health 124, nr 4 (1.03.2015): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjph-2015-0001.
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Abstract Introduction. Transplantation surgery, involving transplantation of cells, tissues and organs, constitutes a common medical practice that saves the lives of a great number of patients. Aim. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a comparative analysis of the legal regulations regarding transplantation that are in practice inside three European countries: Poland and Germany - EU Member States - and Switzerland - a non-EU state. The considerations made herein are meant to find an answer to the question whether the provisions of law regarding transplantation in the specified European countries regulate the legal situation of the donor and the recipient in a similar manner. Material and methods. The paper is based on the following source documents: The Cell, Tissue and Organ Recovery, Storage and Transplantation Act of July 1, 2005; The Act on Donation, Recovery and Transplantation of Organs and Tissues of November 5, 1997 (Transplantation Act - TPG); Federal Act on Transplantation of Organs, Tissues and Cells of October 8, 2004. In our work, we applied two methods, the first being comparative, and the second being dogmatic-legal. The latter consists of analyzing the provisions regarding transplantation as found within the three selected European countries. Results and Discussion. Under Polish, German and Swiss law alike, the recovery of cells, tissues and organs is allowed from an adult, who, under the Polish and German Acts, has full capacity to enter into legal transactions, and who, under the Swiss Act - is an adult who is mentally competent. Of note is that a minor might only be a donor in ex vivo transplantation provided that precisely specified requirements are met. Of additional note is that, under the German and Swiss Acts, recovery of tissues and organs from a human cadaver donor is allowed only if this person gave consent for such recovery prior to their death; under the Polish Act, this is allowed unless the deceased person expressed their objection when alive. Conclusion. As far as ex vivo transplantation is concerned, the legal solutions regarding transplantation in Poland, Germany and Switzerland regulate the legal situation of the donor and the recipient of a transplant in a similar way, although there are a few significant differences. As for ex mortuo transplantations - the legal solutions applied in each country greatly differ.
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Rizaldi, Muhammad Maulana Kevin, Anis Mahdurohatun i Maryanto Maryanto. "The Urgence of Notary Deed for Organs Transplantation in Framework of Preventing Human Organs Transaction". Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 3, nr 3 (18.08.2021): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sanlar.3.3.986-999.
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Trafficking in human organs is a threat and also a crime for humanity. Crimes against humanity, the United Nations then formulated the practice of trafficking in human organs which was carried out with illegal means and purposes as part of a transnational crime. The regulation on organ transplantation in Indonesia is regulated in Act No. 36 of 2009 concerning Organ Transplantation. To ensure legal certainty in organ transplantation, both donors and recipients will submit a written statement not to buy organs from a prospective donor or enter into a special agreement with a prospective donor, which is stated in the form of a notary deed or a written statement ratified by a notary. The research objective is to analyze the urgency of the notarial deed of organ transplantation in the context of preventing the sale and purchase of human organs based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 38 of 2016, the obstacles that arise in the making of a notary deed, the formulation of a notary deed in the implementation of organ or human tissue transplantation. This research is included in empirical juridical research with descriptive analysis research specifications. Sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection was carried out by field research and library research, then after the data was analyzed, conclusions were drawn using inductive thinking methods. Based on the results of the study found From the positive law, namely Permenkes No. 38 of 2016 and Islamic law, in organ transplantation it is known that there is a condition that there is no sale and purchase of organs, there is no special agreement that provides benefits to the donor and is carried out with a notarial deed in the form of an agreement or written statement under the hand that legalized or waarmerking. Currently, there are no technical or procedural obstacles in making a notarial deed of organ transplantation in the context of preventing the sale and purchase of human organs. The formulation of a notarial deed in the implementation of human organ or tissue transplants based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 38 of 2016 is based on the legal arrangement regarding authentic deeds, namely Article 1868 BW.
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Tokalak, Ibrahim, Hamdi Karakayali, Gökhan Moray, Nevzat Bilgin i Mehmet Haberal. "Coordinating Organ Transplantation in Turkey: Effects of the National Coordination Center". Progress in Transplantation 15, nr 3 (wrzesień 2005): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480501500313.
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In January 2001, the National Coordination Center, which brought tissue and organ procurement and transplantation under the Turkish Health Ministry, was established in Turkey. The main aims of this organization are to expand cadaveric donation and increase the number of transplantable organs supplied by cadaveric donors. We compared the proportions of cadaveric organ transplantations that were performed in Turkey before and after the national coordination system was established. Of all the cadaveric transplantations completed to date, 91.6% of kidney and 71.5% of liver procedures were done before implementation of the new system, and 8.4% and 28.5%, respectively, were performed after the system was established. The data show that the frequency of cadaveric donation has increased, as well as the number of cadaveric organ transplantations performed annually. The new national transplantation coordination system is making a good start at increasing cadaveric transplantation in Turkey. This system will hopefully lead to a larger organ pool and shorter waiting lists in future.
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Ivanov, S. V., E. A. Gizzatullina i Yu B. Guchenko. "Our experience of regulatory justification of using donor material for keratoplastic operations in the Udmurt Republic". EYE GLAZ 24, nr 3 (20.09.2022): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2022-3-70-75.
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Purpose: to share our experience of regulatory justification to supervisory authorities of performing keratoplastic operations using native donor cornea.Methods. A comprehensive analysis of legal and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation on transplantation.Results. The Nomenclature of Medical Services includes several types of services which contain the word “transplantation” in their names. However, not all of them require a license to perform such procedures as “surgery (organ and (or) tissue transplantation)”. The procedure for providing medical care in “surgery (transplantation of organs and (or) human tissues)” is not applicable to the “ophthalmology” profile, since the equipment and staffing requirements contained therein are not necessary to perform keratoplasty. The list of medical organizations of the subjects of the Russian Federation performing transplantation of human organs and (or) tissues contains no medical organizations of the ophthalmological profile. According to methodological recommendations on ways to pay for medical care at the expense of mandatory medical insurance, keratoplasty is classified as “st21.005. Operations on the organ of vision”.Conclusion. A comprehensive analysis of existing regulatory documents demonstrates that keratoplasty is exclusively related to ophthalmology, it can be performed if there is a license for ophthalmology, transportation of human organs and (or) tissues for transplantation. A healthcare organization also needs to hold a license for removal and storage of human organs and (or) tissues for transplantation. However, if any healthcare organization in the region has such a license, it may donate a donor cornea to an ophthalmological hospital if the latter does not hold such a license.
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Haymanalı, Damla Naz. "To What Extent Can Tissue Engineering and 3D Bioprinting Be Used to Create Functional and Vascularized Human Organs?" Next Frontier For Life Sciences and AI 8, nr 1 (5.07.2024): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.62802/87vgra44.
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Organ transplantation, a cornerstone of modern medicine for more than 60 years, faces significant challenges due to limited organ donor availability, organ rejection, and immunosuppression risks. The increasing prevalence of diseases and longer life expectancy have intensified the demand for transplantation, leading to longer waiting lists and increased mortality rates. To address these issues, recent advances in tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting offer promising alternatives. While tissue engineering builds functional tissues from biomaterials and stem cells, 3D bioprinting organises cells layer by layer to create living organs. 3D bioprinting techniques are categorised as extrusion-based, inkjet, and laser-assisted methods. Extrusion-based bioprinting, the most common, uses pneumatic or mechanical systems to dispense bio-ink but struggles with high-viscosity bio-inks and cell viability. Inkjet bioprinting, which deposits bio-inks in droplets, achieves high cell viability but faces droplet consistency and heat sensitivity challenges. Laser-assisted bioprinting eliminates nozzle-related issues and provides high resolution but can damage bio-ink components due to shear forces. Despite these limitations, 3D bioprinting has significant potential to advance organ transplantation by developing functional human organs, thus addressing the critical organ shortage.
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Rathor, Mohammad Yousuf, Azarisman SM Shah, Nur Raziana Bt Rozi, Che Rosle Draman i Wan Ahmad Syahril. "Ethical issues in Kidney Transplantation and “An” Islamic perspective". Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 20, nr 2 (1.02.2021): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v20i2.51530.
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Kidney transplantation (KT) is currently the most realistic treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as it enables them to live longer and provides better quality of life post-transplantation. Before the 1960s, all these patients would die as there was no treatment available. It is the commonest solid organ transplantation carried out in the world at the moment. Organs are harvested from living or cadaveric donors, with living kidney donor organs generally functioning better and for longer periods of time compared to the latter. Issues surrounding organ transplantation in general and kidney transplantation in particular, are fraught with ethical dilemmas due to the shortage of organs, the logistics behind the acquisition of organs, use of living donors including minors and the black market that has sprouted thereof. Entwined in this quagmire are the legal, social and psychological consequences for the individuals involved and the society at large. It is further compounded by religious concerns, which have a significant influence on the society’s acceptance of the practice of organ donation. The practice of organ transplantation is generally accepted by most Islamic scholars as it is concordant to the objectives of Islamic Law (maqasid al Sharī’ah) which prioritize the preservation of human life. However, resistances do arise from some jurists and even physicians of the same Islamic faith despite a fatwas decreeing that organ and tissue transplantations are permissible in Islam under certain conditions. The take-up of organ-donation is still largely poor especially among Muslims. This article therefore hopes to explore the various moral and ethical issues surrounding KT as well as the Islamic viewpoints emanating from it. We hope that this knowledge and understanding will benefit both health-care personnel and the public in general.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.241-249
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Li, Ying, Shu Jiang Zhang i Huo Yan Wu. "Progress in Cartilage Tissue Engineering with Nanostructured Extracellular Matrix". Advanced Materials Research 643 (styczeń 2013): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.643.144.
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Tissue defects and organ failure have seriously threatened the health and life of human beings and are challenges in modern medicine we have been trying to overcome. They are often treated with tissue and organ transplantation. Although autologous tissue transplantation is not bothered by immune rejection, it could cause defects of the donor site and create new pains. Therefore, scientists are striving to explore more ideal principles and methods while working hard to improve the existing treatments as most as possible. The rise and development of tissue engineering will be possible to provide adequate safe “autologous” tissues and organs to repair human body. Cartilage damage is one of the main causes of osteoarthritis. However, it has limited self-repair ability. Thus, cartilage tissue engineering, especially nanomaterials as a new treatment modality provides a therapeutic potential.
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Deo, Dayanand, Misty Marchioni i Prakash Rao. "Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Organ Transplantation". Pharmaceutics 14, nr 4 (4.04.2022): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040791.
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Organ transplantation is essential and crucial for saving and enhancing the lives of individuals suffering from end-stage organ failure. Major challenges in the medical field include the shortage of organ donors, high rates of organ rejection, and long wait times. To address the current limitations and shortcomings, cellular therapy approaches have been developed using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC). MSC have been isolated from various sources, have the ability to differentiate to important cell lineages, have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, allow immunosuppressive drug minimization, and induce immune tolerance towards the transplanted organ. Additionally, rapid advances in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged that focus on either generating new organs and organ sources or maximizing the availability of existing organs. This review gives an overview of the various properties of MSC that have enabled its use as a cellular therapy for organ preservation and transplant. We also highlight emerging fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine along with their multiple sub-disciplines, underlining recent advances, widespread clinical applications, and potential impact on the future of tissue and organ transplantation.
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Carré, Julie, Thomas Kerforne, Thierry Hauet i Laurent Macchi. "Tissue Injury Protection: The Other Face of Anticoagulant Treatments in the Context of Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury with a Focus on Transplantation". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 24 (14.12.2023): 17491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417491.
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Organ transplantation has enhanced the length and quality of life of patients suffering from life-threatening organ failure. Donors deceased after brain death (DBDDs) have been a primary source of organs for transplantation for a long time, but the need to find new strategies to face organ shortages has led to the broadening of the criteria for selecting DBDDs and advancing utilization of donors deceased after circulatory death. These new sources of organs come with an elevated risk of procuring organs of suboptimal quality. Whatever the source of organs for transplant, one constant issue is the occurrence of ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. The latter results from the variation of oxygen supply during the sequence of ischemia and reperfusion, from organ procurement to the restoration of blood circulation, triggering many deleterious interdependent processes involving biochemical, immune, vascular and coagulation systems. In this review, we focus on the roles of thrombo-inflammation and coagulation as part of IR injury, and we give an overview of the state of the art and perspectives on anticoagulant therapies in the field of transplantation, discussing benefits and risks and proposing a strategic guide to their use during transplantation procedures.
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Glyantsev, S. P. "Condition of the problem of organ transplantation in the USSR in 1970–1971 and ways to solve it (Yu.M. Lopukhin, A.G. Lapchinsky, V.P. Demikhov)". Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation 15, nr 4 (20.12.2023): 541–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23873/2074-0506-2023-15-4-541-558.
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Aim. The article examines and analyzes the state of the problem of organ transplantation in the USSR in the early 1970s and ways to solve it with the participation of three prominent transplantologists of the Soviet Union – Yu.M. Lopukhin, A.G. Lapchinsky and V.P. Demikhov, as well as some world achievements in this field.Material and methods. Available printed works on the history of Russian and world transplantology in the 1970s, the analysis of which was carried out by historical-genetic and comparative-analytical methods.Results. Developed by Yu.M. Lopukhin together with leading surgeons and immunologists of the country the Program of scientific research on the problem of transplantation of organs and tissues included three main areas: clinical problems of transplantation of organs and body parts (limbs), including ensuring the viability of organs and tissues outside the body, the ways to overcome biological incompatibility, and also the moral and ethical issues of transplantation, and donation issues. It is shown that the methods of overcoming biological incompatibility in organ and tissue allotransplantations, which had been used for many years by A.G. Lapchinsky and V.P. Demikhov (exchange transfusion of blood between organisms of different species, cross circulation between individuals of the same species), no longer corresponded to the state of medical science, which was represented by Yu.M. Lopukhin. However, scientists who had world-class priorities for the duration of survival of experimental animals with a transplanted limb (A.G. Lapchinsky) and an additional heart and lung transplanted into the chest (V.P. Demikhov) could help in the implementation of some provisions of the Lopukhin’s Program. The preservation of organs and tissues before transplantation in a state of suspended animation was studied by A.G. Lapchinsky, and V.P. Demikhov worked at developing the methods for the extracorporeal connection of organs to the body of an intermediate host and using portable artificial hearts to maintain the vital activity of a cadaveric heart before transplantation.Conclusions. Pioneers of experimental transplantology in the USSR A.G. Lapchinsky and V.P. Demikhov, who began their research in the 1940s, still could have solved many issues of transplanting organs and body parts by the 1970s. But in presented in 1971 Program on the problem of organ and tissue transplantation, prepared under the guidance of Yu.M. Lopukhin, the emphasis was placed on immunological studies, while experimental surgeons played a minor role in it.
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Ağasəlim qızı Abdullayeva, Fidan. "ORQAN BANKININ YARADILMASININ ƏHƏMİYYƏTİ". SCIENTIFIC WORK 53, nr 04 (28.02.2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/aem/2007-2020/53/44-47.
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Karakulina, E. V., S. M. Khomyakov, O. A. Aleksandrova, I. V. Lysikov, S. V. Shedenko i S. V. Gautier. "Ways of improving the legal regulation of human organ and tissue transplantation in the Russian Federation". Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 24, nr 2 (31.05.2022): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2022-2-108-118.
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Over the past 10 years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in Russian transplantology in the field of regulatory legal framework. During this period, the powers of government authorities in the field of healthcare on organization of transplant care and organ donation have been defined, and sources and mechanisms for target financing of medical activities related to organ donation for transplantation purposes have been identified. The procedure for providing medical care under surgery (human organ and/or tissue transplantation) has been adopted, and a state registry system for donor organs, donors and recipients has been created. Measures on organ donation and transplantation in the Russian Federation have been approved within the «Healthcare Development», a framework of the state program of the Russian Federation. The Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs (Shumakov Center) has also been identified as the core institution that coordinates the activities of the entire transplant industry in the Russian Federation. Transplant medical care is currently being provided by specialist physicians trained in human organ and tissue transplantation, in collaboration with other specialist physicians. The Nomenclature of Specialties of Specialists with Higher Medical and Pharmaceutical Education, approved by the Russian Ministry of Health via Order No. 700n of October 7, 2015, does not contain a separate specialty related to human organ and tissue transplantation activities, and this is quite justified. However, in order to improve the legal regulation of transplantation activities, it is necessary to unify the requirements for specialists providing medical care in human organ/tissue transplantation. This can be achieved by developing uniform approaches to the definition of labor functions in the professional standards of specialist doctors involved in transplantation.
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Khomyakova, Margarita, i Dmitry Bagretsov. "Combating the illegal transplantation as a prerequisite for the sustainable development of regions (on the example of Sverdlovsk region)". SHS Web of Conferences 94 (2021): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219401018.
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The text of this article emphasizes that the history of transplantation as an independent medical industry originated in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the first successful operation to transplant human organs and tissues was performed there by the surgeon Yuri Voronoy. Today Russia is one of the world-leading powers where human organ and tissue transplant operations are performed. Among all the subjects of Russia where transplant operations are carried out, Sverdlovsk region occupies a special place: doctors in this region conduct successful operations on organ and tissue transplantation and make discoveries that are significant for Russian transplantology. The study of Russian laws and regulations regulating relations in the field of transplantology conducted by authors, as well as an analysis of the scientific literature showed that relations in the field of transplantology are not fully regulated by Russian legislation, including criminal law. On the territory of Sverdlovsk region in particular, as well as on the territory of Sverdlovsk region as a whole, it is possible, for example, to carry out transactions for the sale and purchase of human organs and tissues with impunity, if such transactions are not related to causing harm to the life and health of the victim. These deals are illegal, but not punishable. As the analysis of the practice carried out in the framework of this study has shown, the inhabitants of Sverdlovsk region suffered from the imperfection of the norms of Russian legislation regulating relations in the field of transplantology. While the residents of Sverdlovsk region are suffering from illegal transplantation, one cannot speak of the sustainable development of this region. The authors of the study, in order to combat illegal transplantation in Sverdlovsk region, propose that the regional authorities strengthen measures to improve the general legal literacy of the population, introduce a register of citizens' opinions on the posthumous transplantation of their organs and tissues, and introduce mandatory registration of transactions made in Sverdlovsk region, a subject of which are human organs and tissues.
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Səftər qızı Quliyeva, Dəniz. "Comparative analysis of the legislation of Azerbaijan and foreign countries in the field of transplantation of human organs and tissues". SCIENTIFIC WORK 78, nr 5 (17.05.2022): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/78/69-73.
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Orqan transplantasiyası zədələnmiş və ya itkin orqanın yerinə bir orqanın çıxarılması və resipiyentin bədəninə yerləşdirildiyi tibbi prosedurdur. Donor və resipiyent eyni yerdə ola bilər və ya orqanlar donor yerindən başqa yerə daşına bilər. Uğurla transplantasiya edilmiş orqanlara ürək, böyrəklər, qaraciyər, ağciyərlər, mədəaltı vəzi, bağırsaq, timus və uşaqlıq daxildir. Toxumalara sümüklər, vətərlər (hər ikisi dayaq-hərəkət greftləri kimi istinad edilir), buynuz qişa, dəri, ürək qapaqları, sinirlər və damarlar daxildir. Dünyada böyrəklər ən çox transplantasiya edilən orqanlardır, ondan sonra qaraciyər, sonra isə ürəkdir. Buynuz qişa və sümük-əzələ greftləri ən çox transplantasiya edilən toxumalardır. Açar sözlər: orqan transplantasiyası, insan, xarici dövlət, donor, toxuma nəqli Deniz Saftar Guliyeva Comparative analysis of the legislation of Azerbaijan and foreign countries in the field of transplantation of human organs and tissues Abstract An organ transplant is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed to replace a damaged or missing organ and placed in the recipient's body. The donor and recipient may be in the same location or the organs may be moved from the donor location to another location. Successfully transplanted organs include the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestines, thymus, and uterus. Tissues include bones, tendons (both referred to as locomotor grafts), cornea, skin, heart valves, nerves, and blood vessels. The kidneys are the most transplanted organs in the world, followed by the liver and then the heart. Corneal and musculoskeletal grafts are the most commonly transplanted tissues. Key words: organ transplantation, human, foreign state, donor, tissue transplantation
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Moraes, Edvaldo Leal de, Marcelo José dos Santos, Miriam Aparecida Barbosa Merighi i Maria Cristina Komatsu Braga Massarollo. "Experience of nurses in the process of donation of organs and tissues for transplant". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, nr 2 (kwiecień 2014): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3276.2406.
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OBJECTIVE: to investigate the meaning of the action of nurses in the donation process to maintain the viability of organs and tissues for transplantation.METHOD: this qualitative study with a social phenomenological approach was conducted through individual interviews with ten nurses of three Organ and Tissue Procurement Services of the city of São Paulo.RESULTS: the experience of the nurses in the donation process was represented by the categories: obstacles experienced in the donation process, and interventions performed. The meaning of the action to maintain the viability of organs and tissues for transplantation was described by the categories: to change paradigms, to humanize the donation process, to expand the donation, and to save lives.FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: knowledge of the experience of the nurses in this process is important for healthcare professionals who work in different realities, indicating strategies to optimize the procurement of organs and tissues for transplantation.
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Majchrowicz, Bożena. "Factors influencing decision making on donating organs for transplantation in the opinion of the respondents - study using the CAWI method". Journal of Education, Health and Sport 13, nr 2 (29.12.2022): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.13.02.026.
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Introduction: Organ transplantation is a procedure of transferring living cells, tissues or organs within one organism or between two organisms. Despite the great achievements of transplantology and the legal basis regulating organ and tissue procurement and transplantation, there are still difficulties in overcoming social and psychological resistance related to this method of treatment and related to granting consent for organ donation. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge of the factors influencing the decision to transplant organs among the respondents. Material and methods: The study was conducted using the CAWI method, where invitations were sent to a randomly selected group of respondents on the basis of specialized mailing lists, the research tool was a self-designed questionnaire. Participation in the study was anonymous and voluntary. Results and conclusions: Respondents have knowledge about transplantation. 52.4% of the respondents would agree that all organs should be taken from them after death in order to save the lives of other people, the remaining group was against it. The acceptance of organ donation may have an impact on the development of transplantology, especially thanks to its understanding by families who have to make decisions in this regard.
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Scarritt, Michelle E., i Stephen F. Badylak. "Organ engineering: promise, progress and perspective". Biochemist 38, nr 4 (1.08.2016): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03804020.
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The only curative treatment option for patients with end-stage organ failure is transplantation. Organ engineering offers an alternative to traditional transplantation that may address the critical shortage of donor organs and eliminate the need for recipient immunosuppression. Organ engineering may be accomplished through the use of scaffold – support structures that contain the architecture of an organ. As organs are exceedingly complex, creating an organ scaffold is a difficult task; however, organ scaffolds can be derived through a process known as decellularization, which is the mechanical, chemical and/or enzymatic removal of cells from a tissue or organ. Through decellularization of xenogenic (animal) organs, biocompatible extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds can be produced that retain the complex macroscopic and microscopic structure and composition of the native organ ECM. These 3D ECM scaffolds are ideal for engineering human organs.
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dos Santos, Marcelo José, i Lydia Feito. "Family perspectives on organ and tissue donation for transplantation: A principlist analysis". Nursing Ethics 25, nr 8 (10.01.2017): 1041–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016687156.
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Background: The family interview context is permeated by numerous ethical issues which may generate conflicts and impact on organ donation process. Objective: This study aims to analyze the family interview process with a focus on principlist bioethics. Method: This exploratory, descriptive study uses a qualitative approach. The speeches were collected using the following prompt: “Talk about the family interview for the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation, from the preparation for the interview to the decision of the family to donate or not.” For the treatment of qualitative data, we chose the method of content analysis and categorical thematic analysis. Participants: The study involved 18 nurses who worked in three municipal organ procurement organizations in São Paulo, Brazil, and who conducted family interviews for organ donation. Ethical considerations: The data were collected after approval of the study by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing of the University of São Paulo. Results: The results were classified into four categories and three subcategories. The categories are the principles adopted by principlist bioethics. Discussion: The principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice permeate the family interview and reveal their importance in the organs and tissues donation process for transplantation. Conclusion: The analysis of family interviews for the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation with a focus on principlist bioethics indicates that the process involves many ethical considerations. The elucidation of these aspects contributes to the discussion, training, and improvement of professionals, whether nurses or not, who work in organ procurement organizations and can improve the curriculum of existing training programs for transplant coordinators who pursue ethics in donation and transplantation as their foundation.
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Terry Sharrer, G. "Transplantation Medicine: An Historical Perspective". Molecular Frontiers Journal 06, nr 01n02 (czerwiec 2022): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2529732522400041.
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In the 68 years between the first human solid organ transplant and the present, the number of these transplanted organs has reached one million, tracking at about 40,000 more annually. Looking ahead are the prospects for growing transplantable organs outside the body. The arc of this story extends from Alexis Carrell and Charles Lindbergh’s experiments with tissue culture, to Joseph Murray and Thomas Starzl’s surgical trials, to Jean Dausset and Peter Medawar’s discoveries about immune tolerance and rejection, and pushing into the future of regenerative medicine, to bioengineers Shinya Yamanaka, James Thomson, Anthony Atala, and Toshiro Sato– highlighting a few among many.
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KU, In-Hoe. "Ethical Issues on the Special Problems of Organ Transplantation". Korean Journal of Medical Ethics 3, nr 1 (maj 2000): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35301/ksme.2000.3.1.63.
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There is less agreement in the special problems of organ transplantation. This paper tries to identify problems of the standard guidelines and to formulate open questions in organ transplantation. New therapies for Parkinson's Disease involve transplantation of nerve tissue grafted from aborted fetuses. This leads to the question, in how far a therapy based on fetal tissue harvesting is contaminated with ethical problems concerning abortion. It seems to be necessary, to discuss ethical implications not only for the donor, but also for the reciever of the brain tissue. I turn to the problems of living donors. In the case of paired organs, like kidneys, the law is permissive, where the loss and risk of further injury to the donor are moderate in relation to the anticipated benefit to the recipient. There is one further question that ought to be raised in connection with the selection of donors: should a person be encouraged or permitted to sell his organs for purposes of transplant? To save oneself by putting another in mortal danger through trading on his poverty strikes one as an immoral bargain.
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Rashika, Murugan, Pandian S. Atheenamilagi, M. Sudherson i Manoj Kumar N. Sri. "Transforming organ transplantation and medical education advancements in 3D printing technology". i-manager’s Journal on Instrumentation and Control Engineering 12, nr 1 (2024): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jic.12.1.20505.
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A major issue in the medical field worldwide is the limited number of organ donors available for transplants. The conventional methods are constrained by issues like scarcity of donors, further harm, and limited resources. The 3D printing technology provides a hopeful remedy by allowing the quick creation of customized tissue scaffolds, fixing tissue defects with cells, and potentially printing organs and tissues. These customized implants blend with the patient's tissue and include specific material patterns and cell clusters to promote cell growth and maturation, aiding in tissue repair. This review examines the existing obstacles and progress in 3D printing for medical purposes, specifically focusing on materials and extracellular matrix fabrication, showcasing different types of biomedical materials and recent innovations.
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Venkatesh, M. P., A. Akil, V. Balamuralidhara i T. M. Pramod Kumar. "Regenerative Medicine: Analysis, Forecast and Regulatory Requirements". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 11, nr 03 (15.05.2020): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.11.3.8.
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Regenerative medicine is a new and expanding field in biomedical research. Organ and tissue loss through disease and injury, propel the development of a treatment that can regenerate tissue and help for less relaying in organ transplantation. Regenerative medicine has the potential to heal tissue and damaged organ. Currently, a patient suffering from diseased and injured organs can be treated with transplantation organs, but there is a shortage of donor organs. Dermatology is estimated to have a larger share in the market for regenerative medicine as skin being an organ with great cell replicate characteristics. US and Japan play a major role in the market for regenerative medicine. Food and drug administration (FDA) regulations for a medical device used in regenerative medicine are covered here to support risk-based, flexible regulatory methods to help and support the potential to bring novel treatment possibilities to market further. But due to incorrect FDA regulations, it stands as a barrier for the marketing regenerative medicines. Better and clear guidance development or a clear regulatory framework for both regenerative medicine and medical device can leads the product a best fit clinical development and product access in the market.
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Sylvana, Yana, Michelle S, Hanna Wijaya, Yohanes Firmansyah i Laksanto Utomo. "The Ethical and Legal Consequences of Organ Donation". Interdisciplinary Social Studies 1, nr 4 (20.01.2022): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/iss.v1i4.99.
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Background: The transfer of all or part of a donor's body organ tissue to a recipient in the hopes of improving the recipient's quality of life is known as transplantation. Meanwhile, organs are important parts of the human body that are made up of a range of tissues that can maintain structure, vascularity, and the ability to conduct physiological functions.
Aim: Based on the title, this research aimed to review the ethical and legal consequences of organ donation in Indonesia.
Method: This research is a multidisciplinary research, which elaborates on the health sector with the main focus of discussion in the field of law. The type of research that was used in this journal research is normative legal research.
Findings: By assuring security, safety, volunteering, benefit, and fairness in organ transplant services for both donors and recipients, the Republic of Indonesia's Government Regulation No. 53 of 2021, governing the Transplantation of Organs and Body Tissues, was developed
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Ikada, Yoshito. "Challenges in tissue engineering". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 3, nr 10 (18.04.2006): 589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0124.
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Almost 30 years have passed since a term ‘tissue engineering’ was created to represent a new concept that focuses on regeneration of neotissues from cells with the support of biomaterials and growth factors. This interdisciplinary engineering has attracted much attention as a new therapeutic means that may overcome the drawbacks involved in the current artificial organs and organ transplantation that have been also aiming at replacing lost or severely damaged tissues or organs. However, the tissues regenerated by this tissue engineering and widely applied to patients are still very limited, including skin, bone, cartilage, capillary and periodontal tissues. What are the reasons for such slow advances in clinical applications of tissue engineering? This article gives the brief overview on the current tissue engineering, covering the fundamentals and applications. The fundamentals of tissue engineering involve the cell sources, scaffolds for cell expansion and differentiation and carriers for growth factors. Animal and human trials are the major part of the applications. Based on these results, some critical problems to be resolved for the advances of tissue engineering are addressed from the engineering point of view, emphasizing the close collaboration between medical doctors and biomaterials scientists.
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Hofmann, Julia, Marlene Pühringer, Sabrina Steinkellner, Aline-Sophie Holl, Andras T. Meszaros, Stefan Schneeberger, Jakob Troppmair i Theresa Hautz. "Novel, Innovative Models to Study Ischemia/Reperfusion-Related Redox Damage in Organ Transplantation". Antioxidants 12, nr 1 (24.12.2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010031.
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The implementation of ex vivo organ machine perfusion (MP) into clinical routine undoubtedly helped to increase the donor pool. It enables not just organ assessment, but potentially regeneration and treatment of marginal organs in the future. During organ procurement, redox-stress triggered ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable, which in addition to pre-existing damage negatively affects such organs. Ex vivo MP enables to study IRI-associated tissue damage and its underlying mechanisms in a near to physiological setting. However, research using whole organs is limited and associated with high costs. Here, in vitro models well suited for early stage research or for studying particular disease mechanisms come into play. While cell lines convince with simplicity, they do not exert all organ-specific functions. Tissue slice cultures retain the three-dimensional anatomical architecture and cells remain within their naïve tissue-matrix configuration. Organoids may provide an even closer modelling of physiologic organ function and spatial orientation. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress during ex vivo MP and the suitability of currently available in vitro models to further study the underlying mechanisms and to pretest potential treatment strategies.
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Aishwarya, Y., B. Gourangi i K. Abhijeet. "3D-BIOPRINTING (Application of 3D printer for Organ Fabrication)". International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 3, nr 5 (27.09.2015): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.351.
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Chronic shortage of human organs for transplantation has become more problematic in spite of major development in transplant technologies. In 2009, only 27,996 (18%) of 154,324 patients received organs and 8,863 (25 per day) died while on the waiting list. As of early 2014, approximately 120,000 people in the U.S. were awaiting an organ transplant. The solution to this problem is 3D bio-printing. This technology may provide a unique and new opportunity where we can print 3D organs. It incorporates two technologies, tissue engineering and 3D printing. 3D bioprinting involves dispensing cells onto a biocompatible scaffold using a successive layer-by-layer approach to generate tissue-like three-dimensional structures. It uses instruction in the CAD file for formation of the object, high level computer programming and ability to build highly advanced computer systems, it offers hope for bridging the gap between organ shortage and transplantation needs.
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Chornenka, D. S. "The right to life and the right to health: the fundamental principles of transplantology in constitutional law". ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE STATE, nr 13 (1.10.2022): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2022-13-70.
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The article examines basic human rights. Among the fundamental and inalienable human rights is the right to life. Yes, Art. 27 of the Constitution of Ukraine guarantees everyone an inalienable right to life. It states that no one can be arbitrarily deprived of life. The duty of the state is to protect human life. This right is closely related to human health. It is emphasized that human life depends on the state of its health. Often health is a major component for conservation and prolonged life. Accordingly, organ transplantation, as a way of saving life, is especially important, and therefore the problems of transplanting organs and tissues are drawn by scientists, and not only from the medical sphere. Transplantation of organs and tissues of the human body is one of the most promising and at the same time quite in demand of modern medicine, which has made it possible to treat a number of serious diseases. Transplantation of organs and tissues, as a means of real assistance to patients who need it, has a number of characteristic features that distinguish this method from other medicinal effects. This is due to the presence of a donor-a person who in most cases does not require medical care, as well as problems of moral and ethical and general legal content. These circumstances substantiate the importance and need to regulate public relations in the field of transplantology. It is emphasized that the analysis of the norms in force in this area shows that many issues of transplantation of organs and tissues are either not regulated at all or need to improve legal regulation. The legal aspects of the problem of organ and tissue transplantation are extremely relevant. That is why transplantology as a science of transplanting organs and (or) tissues of a person should be based on the law, which is based on the protection of fundamental rights, freedoms and human dignity of every citizen. From the point of view of ethics, the problem of transplantology differs significantly depending on whether it is about the sampling of organs and tissues for transplanting organs in a living person or from the body of the dead. Solving these ethical problems depends largely on the state of legislation in the state, including constitutional ones. Key words: human rights, right to life, right to health, somatic rights, transplantation, recipient, donor, legal regulation of donation, health care, human body, human body tissues.
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Miyamoto, Yoshitaka. "Cryopreservation of Cell Sheets for Regenerative Therapy: Application of Vitrified Hydrogel Membranes". Gels 9, nr 4 (10.04.2023): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9040321.
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Organ transplantation is the first and most effective treatment for missing or damaged tissues or organs. However, there is a need to establish an alternative treatment method for organ transplantation due to the shortage of donors and viral infections. Rheinwald and Green et al. established epidermal cell culture technology and successfully transplanted human-cultured skin into severely diseased patients. Eventually, artificial cell sheets of cultured skin were created, targeting various tissues and organs, including epithelial sheets, chondrocyte sheets, and myoblast cell sheets. These sheets have been successfully used for clinical applications. Extracellular matrix hydrogels (collagen, elastin, fibronectin, and laminin), thermoresponsive polymers, and vitrified hydrogel membranes have been used as scaffold materials to prepare cell sheets. Collagen is a major structural component of basement membranes and tissue scaffold proteins. Collagen hydrogel membranes (collagen vitrigel), created from collagen hydrogels through a vitrification process, are composed of high-density collagen fibers and are expected to be used as carriers for transplantation. In this review, the essential technologies for cell sheet implantation are described, including cell sheets, vitrified hydrogel membranes, and their cryopreservation applications in regenerative medicine.
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Verble, Margaret, i Judy Worth. "Adequate Consent: Its Content in the Donation Discussion". Journal of Transplant Coordination 8, nr 2 (czerwiec 1998): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/090591999800800208.
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Although recent research has established a relationship between donation rates and the consent process for organ and tissue donation, little attention has been given to the content of the donation discussion. Recent studies suggest that families want more information to aid them in making the decision to consent. To address the family's needs, the interviewer should introduce the subject appropriately, respond fully to the family's questions, and provide the following information: the options of donating particular organs or tissues, the potential benefits of donation, the right not to donate, the effects on the funeral, the lack of cost of donation to the family, a description of the procurement procedures, and what will happen if the donated organs cannot be used for transplant.
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Moskalev, Alexander V., Boris Yu Gumilevsky, Vasiliy Ya Apchel i Vasiliy N. Cygan. "Problems and prospects for the use of stem cells in transplantation". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, nr 2 (12.07.2021): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma64495.
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The problems of organ and tissue transplantation are the lack of organs for transplantation and the rejection of transplants. Therefore, the issue of obtaining organs and tissues for transplantation with stem cells is being studied. Although this idea is promising, it is associated with many problems. To do this, you need to use several populations of cells on a substrate with a complex composition of nutrient environments: nutrients, growth factors, oxygen, regulatory factors. Intercellular interaction is provided by the factors they secrete, or it occurs directly with intercellular contact. This contributes to the fact that stem cells in test tubes can differentiate into other types of tissues and maintain their biological activity indefinitely, which they cannot in vivo. This approach of tissue engineering provides the possibility of obtaining whole organs for implantation. However, technical problems are associated with increased cell adhesion to plastic, the presence of a universal basis for cell nutrition, which can contain more than 100 components. There is a possibility of contamination, which can lead to serious errors in the experiment. Stem cells must have distinct mutational properties and the ability to restore telome cells. Prolonged use of the same nutrient medium can lead to genetic changes and significantly alter the physiological properties of cells. Cryopreservation can be an important aspect of the solution. The goal of tissue bioengineering is to create whole artificial organs, or at least areas of organized tissue that could be transplanted to patients. Currently, such operations are relatively simple for tissues such as artificial skin consisting of epidermal and fibroblast layers, or small cartilage implants obtained in vitro. Several cell types in stable shape are planned to be used in one environment. In this case, one type of cell can be replaced by another. This stability is provided by a variety of secreted factors by different types of cells that ensure their vitality. Decellularization removes all components involved in immune rejection of grafts, so this raises the prospect of creating an unlimited supply of organs for transplantation. However, acute reactions can develop associated with the participation of dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killers. Starting from the moment of transplantation, conditions for immune rejection are created, arising as a result of surgery with the development of acute inflammation. The intensity of immune reactions against the graft largely depends on the degree of non-conformity of alleles of the main complex of histocompany capacity of the donor and recipient. This match is studied using a variety of methods, including the use of antibodies or sequencing of deoxyribonucleic acid.
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Rowe, Arthur W. "Cryopreservation of tissue and solid organs for transplantation". Cryobiology 22, nr 4 (sierpień 1985): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2240(85)90188-9.
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Rajab, Taufiek Konrad, i Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili. "Can tissue engineering produce bioartificial organs for transplantation?" Artificial Organs 43, nr 6 (19.03.2019): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aor.13443.
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Sonmez, Yusuf Ercin. "Future of Solid Organ Transplantation: Organ-Specific Tolerance". KIDNEYS 10, nr 3 (15.09.2021): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2307-1257.10.3.2021.239589.
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A transplant between two people who are not genetically identical is called an allotransplant and the process is called allotransplantation. Donor organs and tissues can be from people who are living, or people who have died because of a significant brain injury or lack of circulation. Allotransplantation can create a rejection process where the immune system of the recipient attacks the foreign donor organ or tissue and destroys it. The recipient may need to take immunosuppressive medication for the rest of their life to reduce the risk of rejection of the donated organ. In general, deliberately induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant. The adverse effects associated with these agents and the risks of long-term immunosuppression present a number of challenges for the clinician. Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in a given organism.
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HE, JIANKANG, FENG XU, YAXIONG LIU, ZHONGMIN JIN i DICHEN LI. "ADVANCED TISSUE ENGINEERING STRATEGIES FOR VASCULARIZED PARENCHYMAL CONSTRUCTS". Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, nr 01 (luty 2014): 1430001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414300014.
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The fabrication of vascularized parenchymal organs to alleviate donor shortage in organ transplantation is the holy grail of tissue engineering. However, conventional tissue-engineering strategies have encountered huge challenges in recapitulating complex structural organization of native organs (e.g., orderly arrangement of multiple cell types and vascular network), which plays an important role in engineering functional vascularized parenchymal constructs in vitro. Recent developments of various advanced tissue-engineering strategies have exhibited great promise in replicating organ-specific architectures into artificial constructs. Here, we review the recent advances in top-down and bottom-up strategies for the fabrication of vascularized parenchymal constructs. We highlight the fabrication of microfluidic scaffolds potential for nutrient transport or vascularization as well as the controlled multicellular arrangement. The advantages as well as the limitations associated with these strategies will be discussed. It is envisioned that the combination of microfluidic concept in top-down strategies and multicellular arrangement concept in bottom-up strategies could potentially generate new insights for the fabrication of vascularized parenchymal organs.
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Gosden, Roger G. "Ovary and uterus transplantation". REPRODUCTION 136, nr 6 (grudzień 2008): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-08-0099.
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Ovarian and uterine transplantation are procedures gaining more attention again because of potential applications in respectively fertility preservation for cancer and other patients and, more tentatively, women with uterine agenesis or hysterectomy. Cryopreservation of tissue slices, and possibly whole organs, is providing opportunities for banking ovaries for indefinite periods before transplanting them back to restore fertility. The natural plasticity of this organ facilitates grafting to different sites where they can be revascularized and rapidly restore the normal physiology of secretion and ovulation. Ischemic damage is a chief limitation because many follicles are lost, at least in avascular grafts, and functional longevity is reduced. Nevertheless, grafts of young ovarian tissue, even after cryopreservation, can be highly fertile in laboratory rodents and, in humans, autografts have functioned for up to 3 years before needing replacement. Transplantation by vascular anastomosis provides potentially longer function but it is technically much more demanding and riskier for the recipient. It is the only practicable method with the uterus, and has enabled successful pregnancies in several species, but not yet in humans. Contrary to claims made many years ago, neither organ is privileged immunologically, and allografts become rapidly rejected except in hosts whose immune system is deficient or suppressed pharmacologically. All in all, transplantation of these organs, especially the ovary, provides a broad platform of opportunities for research and new applications in reproductive medicine and conservation biology.
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Sharma, Preeti, Pradeep Kumar, Rachna Sharma, Vijaya Dhar Bhatt i PS Dhot. "Tissue Engineering; Current Status & Futuristic Scope". Journal of Medicine and Life 12, nr 3 (lipiec 2019): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2019-0032.
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Almost 30 years have passed since the term ‘tissue engineering’ was created to represent a new concept that focuses on the regeneration of neotissues from cells with the support of biomaterials and growth factors. This interdisciplinary engineering has attracted much attention as a new therapeutic means that may overcome the drawbacks involved in the current artificial organs and organ transplantation that have also been aiming at replacing lost or severely damaged tissues or organs. However, the tissues regenerated by tissue engineering and widely applied to patients are still minimal, including skin, bone, cartilage, capillary, and periodontal tissues. What are the reasons for such slow advances in clinical applications of tissue engineering? This article gives a brief overview of the current state of tissue engineering, covering the fundamentals and applications. The fundamentals of tissue engineering involve cell sources, scaffolds for cell expansion and differentiation, as well as carriers for growth factors. Animal and human trials are a major part of the applications. Based on these results, some critical problems to be resolved for the advances of tissue engineering are addressed from the engineering point of view, emphasizing the close collaboration between medical doctors and biomaterials scientists.