Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Translations into French (Middle French)”
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1
Karas, Hilla. "Intralingual intertemporal translation as a relevant category in translation studies". Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 28, nr 3 (19.09.2016): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.28.3.05kar.
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Abstract This article argues for intralingual intertemporal translations as a separate category within the field of translation studies. Not only do these translations seem to have common characteristics and behaviors, but it is precisely their particularities that make them a key to understanding more ‘typical’ translations. Two main sets of examples will serve as demonstration: translations from Old French into Middle and Modern French, and a Modern Hebrew translation of the Old Testament, originally written in Biblical Hebrew, as well as the public discussion following its publication.
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Lomovskaya, M. V. "François Villon’s four ballads". Voprosy literatury, nr 4 (23.09.2022): 172–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2022-4-172-206.
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The fact that the existing Russian translations of the four famous ballads by the French 15th-c. poet François Villon are plagued by tentativeness and inaccuracy calls for a new translation, based on consistent preservation of the original’s imagery and meaning in each and every line. The texts of the ballads, their rendering from the language of the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance into contemporary French, and materials on the poet’s biography and possible autobiographical allusions in the selected ballads come from the latest French editions of F. Villon’s complete works prepared by renowned experts such as Claude Thiry (1991) and Jacqueline Cerquiglini-Toulet (2014 and 2020). The translations are accompanied by the proposed article, which, together with the commentary to the ballads, makes use of research undertaken by foreign scholars over the past decades. The author also examines the compelling hypotheses put forward by the German scholar of Romance studies Gert Pinkernell (1937–2017). To sum up, Russian-speaking scholars and readers are offered a new annotated philological translation of four ballads by F. Villon.
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Karas, Hilla. "Illustrated translations longing for the Middle Ages, exemplified by modern french versions of Aucassin et Nicolette". Punctum. International Journal of Semiotics 06, nr 01 (16.10.2020): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18680/hss.2020.0008.
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The relations between the verbal component, the visual component, and the translational aspect of a given text have been discussed and described by translation scholars and semioticians in a diversity of manners. A significant graphic element may be introduced during the translation production, usually in dialogue with the verbal one, thus creating a new intersemiotic text. Medieval manuscripts are known for offering their readers illustrations, miniatures, rubrics, decorated initials, colored and gilded details, and other visual ingredients. As a result, the codex functions as an essential interpretive agent rather than a passive container for verbal texts. This model of the intricate illuminated manuscript was imported into modern culture systems through transfer. However, in reality, most manuscripts exhibit simple decorative schemes or are plain and unadorned, which means that ornaments in their current versions most likely derive from the model mentioned above. The paper looks at the productivity of this medieval model by examining various visual components inserted into the printed modern French translations based on the unmistakably plain manuscript of the thirteenth-century work Aucassin et Nicolette. The analysis will focus on the illustrated translations, addressing the added elements and their characteristics, their relation to the model, the increased determinacy they create, and the resulting reading they seem to encourage. We will suggest that even the narration levels and the performative aspect of the text may be affected by the new, intersemiotic nature bestowed upon this ancient text through the integration of other modalities into its translations.
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Ford, Philip. "Homer in the French Renaissance*". Renaissance Quarterly 59, nr 1 (2006): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ren.2008.0159.
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AbstractAlthough the works of Homer remained unknown in Western Europe for much of the Middle Ages, their reappearance was welcomed enthusiastically in France toward the end of the fifteenth century by the small band of scholars capable of reading Greek. The founding of the Collège des lecteurs royaux in 1530 gave a fillip to Homeric studies, and partial editions of Homer were printed in Paris, aimed at a student audience. French translations also helped to bring the poems to a wider audience. However, the question of the interpretation of Homer was central to the reception of the two epics, and, after examining the publishing history, this paper sets out to assess how succeeding generations of scholars set about reading and teaching the prince of poets.
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HAEBERLI, ERIC. "Syntactic effects of contact in translations: evidence from object pronoun placement in Middle English". English Language and Linguistics 22, nr 2 (lipiec 2018): 301–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674318000151.
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Whereas object pronouns regularly occurred before the main verb in Old and early Middle English, such word orders were to a large extent lost in Middle English prose by the end of the thirteenth century. Nevertheless, some isolated later texts still show regular preverbal occurrences of object pronouns. Such word orders are most frequent with three texts that are translations of French sources. This article closely examines one of these texts, the Middle English prose Brut, and its source, and argues that contact influence is the most plausible explanation for its distinct behaviour with respect to object pronoun placement. It is also shown that the translator does not slavishly follow his source and that the contact effects are mainly of the statistical type in that word orders occurring very marginally in other texts appear with high frequencies in the Brut while such a contrast is not found for a word order that is unattested elsewhere. These observations are compatible with the equally exceptional but slightly different distribution of object pronouns in another translation from French, the Ayenbite of Inwyt. The findings of this article show that translation-induced contact and, possibly, contact in bilingual language use more generally can have important quantitative effects and that these have to be seriously considered in any syntactic analysis of historical texts based on a foreign source text.
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Benati, Chiara, i Marialuisa Caparrini. "The German Translations of Lanfranc of Milan’s Chirurgia parva: from Latin to Vernacular or from One Vernacular to the Other?*". Mediaevistik 35, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2022.01.10.
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Abstract Lanfranc of Milan is considered as one of the most influential surgeons of the late Middle Ages and his Latin works – the Chirurgia parva and the Chirurgia magna – have informed surgical practice until the 16th century. The importance of his works (1293/1294 and 1296) is witnessed by the large number of vernacular translations produced after their original compilation. Overall, three High German translations of Lanfranc’s Chirurgia parva have come down to us: 1. the significantly shortened version transmitted in Vatican City, MS Pal. Lat, 1117; 2. the integral version preserved in Kalocsa, Cathedral Library, MS 376 and in Erlangen, University Library, MS B 3; and 3. the early modern printed translation by Otto Brunfels. Even though the Latin source of these translations has never been identified precisely, it has been traditionally taken for granted that they were based on a Latin model. Nevertheless, a series of correspondences between the two manuscript versions and the French translation transmitted in Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS A 85.2 seem to indicate that a vernacular source is also possible. In this study, the two German manuscript translations of Lanfranc’s Chirurgia parva will be taken into consideration with respect to the problems connected with the identification of their source(s), trying to ascertain whether they are really based on a Latin model, or, as suggested by Claude De Tovar, they are rather connected with the French vernacularization of the text witnessed by the Bern manuscript.
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Dumas, Geneviève, i Caroline Boucher. "Medical Translations and Practical Compilations: A Necessary Coincidence?" Early Science and Medicine 17, nr 3 (2012): 273–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338212x645094.
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AbstractFourteenthand fifteenth-century medicine is characterised by a trickle-down effect which led to an increasing dissemination of knowledge in the vernacular. In this context, translations and compilations appear to be two similar endeavours aiming to provide access to contents pertaining to the particulars of medical practice. Nowhere is this phenomenon seen more clearly than in vernacular manuscripts on surgery. Our study proposes to compare for the first time two corpora of manuscripts of surgical compilations, in Middle French and Middle English respectively, in order to discuss form and matter in this type of book production.
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Delsaux, Olivier. "Nouvelles perspectives sur la réception de la littérature castillane en français à la fin du Moyen Âge". Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, nr 1 (7.03.2018): 32–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0002.
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Abstract This paper aims to get a better insight into the material, literary and historical context surrounding two important, but neglected or unknown, evidences of the dissemination of Castillan literature in the French literature at the end of the Middle Ages. The French translations of Diego de Valera’s Crónica abreviada de España o Valeriana, on the one part, and of Pero López de Ayala’s Crónicas, on the other part, were both achieved between 1504–1506 for the last « Duke of Burgundy » Philip the Fair. Through the investigation of the surviving manuscripts, of the paratext and of the content of these two French texts, will be argued that Vasco de Lucena or Fernando de Lucena are two ideal candidates for their attribution. Moreover, the paper will offer a new perspective on a major evidence of the History of the Castillan language : the Epistola latina et hispanica.
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Gréa, Philippe. "Inside in French". Cognitive Linguistics 28, nr 1 (1.02.2017): 77–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2015-0127.
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AbstractThis article concerns five French prepositions that mark an inclusion relation and are ordinarily considered to be synonyms of dans ‘in’. The first is a simple preposition: parmi ‘among’. The other four are complex prepositions built from nouns of internal location (au centre de ‘at the centre of’, au milieu de ‘in the middle of’) and from names of body parts (au cœur de ‘at the heart of’ and au sein de whose word-for-word translation is ‘at the breast/bosom of’ but stands for ‘within’ ‘in’ or ‘among’ depending on the context). We will examine them from two different, yet complementary points of view. As part of a statistical approach, we use an association measure to determine the distributional trends of each preposition. In addition, we explore in greater detail the semantic mechanisms brought into play using the theoretical framework of Cognitive Grammar. This double analysis leads us to demonstrate that these prepositions are far from synonymous and involve very different types of constraints.
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Byrne, Aisling. "From Hólar to Lisbon: Middle English Literature in Medieval Translation, c.1286–c.1550". Review of English Studies 71, nr 300 (9.09.2019): 433–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgz085.
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Abstract This paper offers the first survey of evidence for the translation of Middle English literature beyond the English-speaking world in the medieval period. It identifies and discusses translations in five vernaculars: Welsh, Irish, Old Norse-Icelandic, Dutch, and Portuguese. The paper examines the contexts in which such translation took place and considers the role played by colonial, dynastic, trading, and ecclesiastical networks in the transmission of these works. It argues that English is in the curious position of being a vernacular with a reasonable international reach in translation, but often with relatively low literary and cultural prestige. It is evident that most texts translated from English in this period are works which themselves are based on sources in other languages, and it seems probable that English-language texts are often convenient intermediaries for courtly or devotional works more usually transmitted in French or Latin.
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Carlier, Anne, i Béatrice Lamiroy. "The emergence of the grammatical paradigm of nominal determiners in French and in Romance: Comparative and diachronic perspectives". Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 63, nr 2 (25.01.2018): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2017.43.
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AbstractThis article is devoted to the emergence of a new paradigm in French and Romance: that of nominal determiners. Latin had no articles, and although possessives, demonstratives and indefinites could determine the noun, they could also be used as pronouns or adjectives, so that the morpho-syntactic category of nominal determiners did not exist as such. We first examine the diachronic evolution of French, where a far-reaching grammaticalization process took place. Syntagmatically, all determiners end up in the NP-initial position as the only available syntactic slot, contributing to the highly configurational NP pattern characteristic of Modern French. From a paradigmatic viewpoint, determiners no longer correspond to a syntactic function, but to a separate morpho-syntactic category. We also evaluate to what extent this evolution took place in two other Romance languages, Italian and Spanish. Through the analysis of this particular evolution, based on parallel corpora consisting of a Latin text and its translations in Old, Middle, and Modern French on the one hand, and in Spanish and Italian on the other, our study also provides evidence for more general mechanisms, analogy in particular, at work in the creation of new paradigms.
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MYERS, SARA. "Innovation in a conservative region: the Kentish Sermons genitive system". English Language and Linguistics 15, nr 3 (4.10.2011): 417–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674311000116.
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The early Middle English Kentish Sermons shows a genitive system which is far advanced towards that of Modern English, an unexpected feature for a text from the conservative region of Kent. In this article I describe this genitive system, and examine how it developed. As the text is a translation from French, the question of French influence is central. Following brief descriptions of the sociolinguistic situation in England at the time (section 2) and of the Old English and Old French genitive systems (section 3), in section 4 I describe in detail the genitive system of the Kentish Sermons: genitive forms and functions, as well as the factors which affected their use. In section 5 I compare Kentish Sermon genitive phrases to corresponding phrases in the French original. There is evidence that a particular genitive function was strongly influenced by French models, but the system as a whole has its origins in the transition from Old to Middle English.
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Kareva, Natalia V., i Miliausha G. Sharikhina. "Academic Translator Vasily Teplov". Slovene 4, nr 2 (2015): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.2.4.
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The aim of this paper is to outline the career of Vasily Teplov during his time at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, with a special focus on his approach to translation. The first attempts at translating foreign books at the Russian Academy of Sciences were undertaken shortly after its foundation, and the number of translated books increased significantly in a short period of time. Because there were so few translators at the Academy, issues relating to the environment in which their training was carried out deserve special attention. Our focus on Teplov is motivated by the fact that he prepared a translation of the New French Grammar, the first Russian printed grammar manual of the French language; his translation was published in 1752. The conditions and circumstances in which the New French Grammar was prepared are important in establishing translation activities at the Academy in the middle of the 18th century. Our study is based on published and unpublished materials stored in the collections of the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As we do not encounter any references to Teplov in documents from the Academy before the early 1760s, our study of Teplov’s life and activity does not purport to be complete—indeed, it proposes further research in this field. We also provide some pieces of information regarding the life and customs of academic society in the middle of the 18th century.
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Ifqiren, Sara, Sabah Selmaoui, Fatima Ezahra Ait Yahia i Boujemaa Agorram. "French as the Teaching Language of Life and Earth Sciences in Moroccan School: what’s the Teachers’ Opinion?" International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology 3, nr 1 (24.04.2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijonest.27.
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The strategic vision for the recent reform in Morocco included the diversification of teaching languages by teaching scientific subjects in French. This starts in pilot’s class teaching scientific subjects in the French language. In this context, the language for teaching Life and Earth Sciences (LES) was changed from Arabic to French. This linguistic change in teaching LES aims to make the learner able to communicate in French in addition to Arabic, and to put an end to the linguistic problem that currently exists when entering universities, that teach these subjects in the French language. In this survey we interested to teachers’ opinions in order to get acquainted with their opinions in teaching Life and Earth Sciences in French for the middle school, and collecting suggestions and solutions to overcome the problem observed in classrooms. We used a questionnaire as an investigative tool for data collection distributed to life and earth sciences’ teachers of middle school. The findings of this research shows that teaching this subject in French forms an obstacle to academic achievement, and classroom interaction, whether in the rural or urban areas. This is due to reasons related to the poor language level of students, the absence of teacher continuous training in teaching the subject in French, and the weakness of the means adopted to make this change in the language of instruction. Among the solutions that have been proposed and used to overcome this educational phenomenon is the preparation of a support plan that includes a program consisting of activities targeting the communicative aspect for learners in French, as well as other activities aimed at providing the learner with skills such as analysis, description, observation and conclusion, while translating scientific words from French into Arabic.
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McWebb, Christine. "The Afterlife of the Roman de la rose". Dalhousie French Studies, nr 117 (29.03.2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1076088ar.
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Mobility in learned circles was a reality in the Europe of the Middle Ages, and it is only when we consider the reception of well-known works, such as the thirteenth-century Roman de la rose, in the countries where they circulated in the local language that we are able to gain a more complete understanding of their impact on literary and cultural currents even after the authors had passed away. Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun’s conjoined Roman de la rose (1236, 1269-78) is without a doubt one of the foundational works of French medieval literature with over 360 extant manuscripts. Focusing on two non-French adaptations of this work that appeared within a century of the date of its composition, I show that these translations, or more accurately rewritings, enabled its survival and contributed to its sustained popularity in medieval Europe. The adaptations that are the subject of this analysis are Il Fiore, a thirteenth-century translation and adaptation into Italian often attributed to Dante, and the Romaunt of the Rose, commonly attributed to Geoffrey Chaucer. I conclude that through the medieval practice of interpretatio, the authors of the Fiore, and the Romaunt of the Rose adapt the original text to reflect their own contemporary cultural realities.
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Farmer, Thomas. "Matei Cazacu, Dracula. Ed. Stephen W. Reinert, trans. Nicole Mordarski et al. East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450, 46. Leiden: Brill, 2017, pp. xxxiii, 457, 27 illus." Mediaevistik 31, nr 1 (1.01.2018): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_438.
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The name Vlad III Ţepeş may be unfamiliar to the public, but Dracula certainly is not; the latter conjures up a host of images from popular culture, most of which have only a tenuous connection to the former. Yet Dracula was an actual historical figure, and Matei Cazacu’s biography reveals that his life and reign are worthy of study in their own right. Having originally appeared in French in 2004, it has now been translated into English by Nicole Mordarski, a student of Stephen Reinert at Rutgers. As Reinert explains in his introduction, Mordarski translated Cazacu’s French narrative (with assistance), while he handled translations of the quotations from their original languages into English and updated the bibliography. The result is a godsend for Anglophone readers, who now have access to a thorough, scholarly account of the Impaler’s life and times.
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Cohen, William A. "Translation and Its Affects". Victorian Literature and Culture 47, nr 1 (7.12.2018): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150318001456.
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Vanity Fair (1848) famously opens with a departure. As Becky Sharpe flounces off from Miss Pinkerton's academy, she takes leave of her patron by telling her “in a very unconcerned manner … and with a perfect accent, ‘Mademoiselle, je viens vous faire mes adieux.’” Miss Pinkerton, we learn, “did not understand French, she only directed those who did: but biting her lips and throwing up her venerable and Roman-nosed head … said, ‘Miss Sharp, I wish you a good morning’” (7). This performance of befuddlement on the part of a respectable schoolmistress bespeaks a whole collection of Victorian cultural norms about language competence in general and about the French language in particular. Even though the action is set in a period when Becky's speaking “French with purity and a Parisian accent … [was] rather a rare accomplishment” (11), the novel was written for a mid-nineteenth-century audience that could mainly count on middle-class young ladies to have acquired this degree of refinement—or at least to aspire to do so.
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Leıser, Gary. "The Dawn of Aviation in the Middle East: The First Flying Machines Over İstanbul". Belleten 69, nr 256 (1.12.2005): 937–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2005.937.
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This article describes the first heavier-than-air flights over İstanbul, and the public reaction to them, in December 1909. They were carried out by the Belgian Baron Pierre de Caters and then by the Frenchman Louis Bleriot. De Caters flew from Şişli and Bleriot flew from the Taksim Parade Ground. Their flights were short and of very limited success, but they were a sensation and sparked the interest of the Ottoman Army. Indeed, shortly thereafter the Ottoman Army acquired its first aircraft. This article is based on descriptions of these flights in the leading newspapers of İstanbul and includes full translations of these events from Yeni Tesvir-i Efkâr (Turkish) and The Levant Herald (French).
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WRIGHT, OWEN. "How French is frenkçin?" Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 21, nr 3 (lipiec 2011): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186311000320.
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It is by no means unknown, in Middle-Eastern art-music traditions, to find claims that a given rhythmic cycle was invented on a particular occasion by a particular musician, the most obvious and reliable instance being provided by ‘Abd al-Qādir al-Marāġī (d. 1435), who tells us that he was commissioned to create a new cycle to commemorate a victory. With frenkçin, then, a cycle where the very name clearly suggests some form of western derivation or inflection, it was perhaps only to be expected that we should encounter a similar narrative that pinpointed its origin, associating its creation with the impulse provided by a particular cultural encounter with the West. It has to be said, though, that no such account appears as a standard feature of the contemporary theoretical discourse surrounding Turkish art music: works that deal with the rhythmic cycles tend to be expository catalogues unconcerned with origins and derivations, and it is only in one major modern reference work that we come across the notion of western inspiration, together with a tentative suggestion as to the period during which frenkçin emerged. The detailed narrative of origin certainly first appears in a text by an eminent Turkish scholar, but it is one written in French—the comprehensive survey article by Rauf Yekta Bey published in 1922—and possibly in consequence it has so far been relayed primarily in western languages. The discussion by Kösemihal, the one significant Turkish scholar to have accepted this account, appears to have had little impact, and it remains to be seen whether the relatively recent translation of Rauf Yekta Bey's article into Turkish will stimulate renewed interest in this version in Turkey itself.
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Riecken, Nils. "Modernity, Ḥadāthā, and Modernité in the Works of Abdallah Laroui". Contributions to the History of Concepts 14, nr 2 (1.12.2019): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/choc.2019.140204.
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The puzzle this article examines is how one can study the concept of modernity within the history of its universalization as a process of translation. For this purpose, I look at how the contemporary Moroccan historian and intellectual Abdallah Laroui has critically engaged with the history, politics, and epistemology of translating modernity (Arabic ḥadāthā, French modernité) into his intellectual and political setting of Morocco, North Africa, and the Middle East during and after the colonial period. I read him as making a critical intervention into existing modes of timing and spacing the concept of modernity and, thus, what I describe as the politics of historicity. In conclusion, I make a methodological plea for framing the history of concepts across political borders in terms of translational practices.
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Kern, Richard G. "The Role of Mental Translation in Second Language Reading". Studies in Second Language Acquisition 16, nr 4 (grudzień 1994): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100013450.
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Reading in a second language (L2) can produce inefficient processing in otherwise proficient readers. This paper argues that mental translation during L2 reading may facilitate the generation and conservation of meaning by allowing the reader to represent portions of L2 text that exceed cognitive limits in a familiar, memory-efficient form. Fifty-one intermediate-level French students, in high, middle, and low reading ability groups, participated in think-aloud interviews while reading French texts. The relative frequency of translation use among these groups is compared at the beginning and end of a semester and is found to decrease with level of reading ability. The specific contexts in which students relied on translation are identified, and functional benefits and strategic uses of translation are discussed. Finally, hypotheses and questions are developed for future research.
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Pedrosa, José Manuel. "El conde Eberhard el llorón (1853) y El salto de los amantes (1883): el itinerario Alemania-Francia-España en la leyenda medieval-romántica= Count Eberhard the crying (1853) and The Lovers’ Jump (1883): the Germany-France-Spain itinerary in the medieval-romantic legend". Estudios Humanísticos. Filología, nr 41 (18.12.2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ehf.v0i41.6008.
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<p>Varias leyendas publicadas en la prensa española del siglo XIX son traducciones o adaptaciones de leyendas publicadas en libros y en periódicos franceses, que a su vez son traducciones de leyendas alemanas. Las fuentes remiten a personajes y acontecimientos de la Edad Media, aunque reinterpretados primero en el Renacimiento y después en la época romántica. Se analizan además algunas de sus versiones iconográficas.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>:</p><p>Several legends published in the 19th century Spanish press are translations or adaptations of legends published in books and French newspapers, which in turn are translations of German legends. The sources refer to characters and events from the Middle Ages, although they were reinterpreted first in the Renaissance and later in the Romantic period. Some of their iconographic versions are also analysed.</p><p> </p>
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Philo, John-Mark. "John Bellenden's Livy and Les Decades of Pierre Bersuire: The French in Bellenden's Scots". Translation and Literature 28, nr 1 (marzec 2019): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2019.0367.
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When producing a Scots translation of Livy's History of Rome in 1533, John Bellenden harnessed Les Decades, the Middle French translation of Livy prepared by Pierre Bersuire in 1358. The French intermediary offered Bellenden not only a rich store of lexical possibilities when grappling with Livy's Latin, as has been partly recognized before, but also a way of structuring and presenting his translation. Inspired by the glosses with which Bersuire furnished Les Decades, Bellenden prepared his own commentary, explaining similar items of political, cultural, and religious interest. Following Bersuire's example, Bellenden's commentary encouraged the reader to approach Livy's History alongside a series of comparative texts, especially Ovid's Fasti and the Memorabilia of Valerius Maximus. Above all, Bellenden took from Bersuire the urge to understand antiquity, as far as was possible, on its own terms.
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Staf, Irina K. "The Narcissus Myth in Early Renaissance French Literature: Fragment, Allegory, Emblem". Studia Litterarum 9, nr 1 (2024): 72–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2024-9-1-72-95.
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This article examines the evolution of medieval interpretations of the myth of Narcissus (Ovid, The Metamorphoses, Book III) in French literature of the first half of the 16th century. Jeanne Flore in the “Comptes amoureux” develops the courtesan interpretation of the myth, in which Narcissus, who rejects Cupid’s omnipotence, is combined with the figure of Belle dame sans mercy. In the tradition of moral and allegorical commentary, the young man in love with himself served as a symbol of hubris excessively immersed in worldly goods; in the mid-century, this tradition changed under the influence of humanism: with François Habert and Barthélémy Aneau the story of Narcissus illustrates the maxim “know thyself.” Reception of the Metamorphoses in the Middle Ages implied a fragmentation of the text of the poem: the courtly interpretation referred to its separate subjects, while the allegorical interpretation transformed it into a list of symbolic characters with a stable independent meaning and into a set of didactic maxims of a universal character. During the Renaissance, literati seek to restore the coherence of Ovid’s text. This tendency is embodied not only in new translations (by Clément Marot, F. Habert, B. Aneau) but also, paradoxically, within the genre of the emblem. The “Metamorphose d’Ovide figurée” inherits the medieval florilegiums and transforms the tradition of illuminated manuscripts: on the one hand, it replaces the text of the poem with a series of engravings, while, on the other, its emblems arrangement recreates the unity of the poem. Ovid’s emblematic treatment embodies Horace’s principle of ut pictura poesis.
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Bagno, Vsevolod E., i Tatiana V. Misnikevich. "O seeking Flaubert, you have foreseen us (The Russian translations of Salambbô as an indicator of the change of cultural epochs)". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 19, nr 3 (2022): 414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.301.
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Gustave Flaubert is one of those writers who had a significant impact on the formation and the development of the Russian literary process; being the brightest representative of French literature of the era of realism, Flaubert played a significant role in Russia’s transitional epoch. Working on the novel Salambbô (1862), Flaubert foresaw its ill fortunes in modern France and in the modern epoch as a whole. Since the 1890s, many representatives of Russian modernism saw a teacher and a predecessor in the French writer and translated his works (I.Bunin, D.Merezhkovsky, K.Balmont, M.Gorky, N.Minsky, Al. Chebotarevskaya, M.Voloshin, A.Blok, Vyach. Ivanov, B.Zaitsev, M.Kuzmin). A line from Balmont’s poem The World Communion (1905) — O seeking Flaubert, you have foreseen us — can serve as an illustration of Flaubert’s Russian fate. In general, the interest in Salambbô is explained by an acute interest in exotic epochs and countries, a desire to distance oneself from vulgar, bourgeois in modernity, a heroine whose image is built on the intersection of mystical and erotic elements in woman’s life, а striving for perfection in the mastery of word. Many Russian writers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries passed through the school of Flaubert with his wonderful experience of recreating the atmosphere of Carthage and the Middle East, relying both on historical sources, as well as in the field of language and style, on Holy Scripture.
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Furnish, Shearle. "Thematic Structure and Symbolic Motif in the Middle English Breton Lays". Traditio 62 (2007): 83–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900000544.
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The Breton Lays in Middle English is an enigmatic label customarily used to designate eight or nine brief narratives: Sir Orfeo, Sir Degaré, Lay le Freine, “The Franklin's Tale,” Sir Launfal, The Earl of Toulouse, Emaré, and Sir Gowther. The label is awkward because it may seem to suggest that the poems are consistently derived from or inspired by Breton or Old French sources and thus are a sort of stepchildren, little more than translations or, worse, misunderstandings of a multi-media heritage. Most scholars have seen the grouping as traditional and artificial, passed along in uncritical reception, not resting on substantial generic similarities that distinguish the poems from other literary forms. John Finlayson, for instance, concludes, “In fact, considered coldly, shortness and adventure or ordeal would seem to be the only things that can really be isolated as universal characteristics.” Some scholars have accounted for the poems as a set. The distinctions they discuss commonly include the lays' close relation to the conventions of the folk-tale, relationship to provincial audiences, and a growing sophistication of the craft of fiction.
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Gindt, Dirk. "Swedish Whiteness, German Multiculturalism, French National Identity, and American Racial Profiling". Nordic Theatre Studies 33, nr 2 (17.06.2022): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v33i2.132871.
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Populated by characters from the Middle East, North Africa, Southeast Asia, and Sweden, Jonas Hassen Khemiri’s debut play, Invasion! (2006), marked one of the first intercultural theatrical events on a mainstream Swedish stage. It unapologetically confronted audiences with the consequences of stereotypical representations of Muslim men as fundamentalist terrorists and further criticized the notion of “Swedishness” for not just working as a mere designation of nationality and citizenship, but also a silent, yet powerful signifier of whiteness. Moreover, Invasion! was the first play to be performed in a mainstream theatre by a cast that had an intercultural and international background and could effortlessly switch between standard Swedish (rikssvenska) and suburban Swedish (ortenspråk).Acknowledging the fifteenth anniversary of Invasion!, this article looks back upon the watershed of director Farnaz Arbabi’s original production and the play’s subsequent transnational impact. How did a play that was defiantly at odds with the hegemonic whiteness of the performing arts in Sweden, at that point in time, not only become a modern classic that found its way into the university curricula, but went on to garner an impressively transnational success? What exactly captured the interest and attention of theatre artists in Germany, France, the US, and many other countries? And how did international reviewers react to and interpret the work? What interests me specifically is to study how the play has ‘travelled’, how its characters and themes have migrated to different national and linguistic contexts, engendered new creative networks and transnational dialogues as well as unfolded multiple layers of cultural translations in the process. A genuine understanding and appreciation of Khemiri’s work, I suggest, necessitates a transnational outlook that, in turn, sheds light on Nordic theatre and performance as increasingly intercultural and motivated by concerns that are not regional but global.
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Carlier, Anne. "Sur les premiers stades de développement de l’article partitif". Scolia 18, nr 1 (2004): 117–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/scoli.2004.1061.
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Abstract - This paper deals with the development of the partitive article in French during the XIVth to XVIth century, a period that was crucial for shaping the partitive article as we know it today. My study is based on a comparison of four consecutive translations of a same Latin text, which date from different moments along this period. My data suggest that the partitive structure in Old French conveys the meaning that a contextually determined referent is not globally affected by the verbal action, but only in part. This results in a number of constraints in the use of this structure, that have already been observed by other researchers : the partitive constituent is in a direct object position, the verb has a ‘fragmentative meaning, the head noun is concrete, and the definite article with specific interpretation is used almost obligatorily. Middle French represents an important stage in the shift in the constituent order, from OV to VO. For the NP this evolution corresponds to the migration of lexical modifiers, which to that date could be found at both sides of the head noun, to postnominal positions. As a corollary, the grammatical markers that were still attached as suffixes behind the noun (e.g. die plural marker -s) weaken and are replaced by free morphemes put in front of the noun. In the context of this evolution, the partitive construction as it existed in Old French is recuperated to mark grammatically, in prénommai position, the opposition between singular and plural for indefinite uncount nouns. It thus acquires the function of an article. This stage in the grammaticalization process is reflected in the loosening of some distributional constraints and in a semantic reorientation. The new article, called ‘partitive’ , once created and extensively used, reduces considerably zero determination. In this way it permits to generalize the tripartite NP structure consisting of “determinant -noun -modifier”, in which the determinant placed upfront assures the syntactic cohesion of the NP. On the basis of a quantitative corpus analysis, it is possible to affirm that this evolution shows up plainly in the XVth century, in particular in a register close to the spoken language.
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PRATT, K. "TRANSLATING MISOGAMY: THE AUTHORITY OF THE INTERTEXT IN THE LAMENTATIONES MATHEOLULI AND ITS MIDDLE FRENCH TRANSLATION JEAN LEFEVRE1". Forum for Modern Language Studies XXXV, nr 4 (1.10.1999): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/xxxv.4.421.
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Classen, Albrecht. "Huon of Bordeaux: First Modern English Translation by Catherine M. Jones and William W. Kibler. Medieval & Renaissance Text Series. New York and Bristol: Italica Press, 2021, xxiii, 329 pp." Mediaevistik 34, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 429–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2021.01.99.
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Abstract: William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1595 or 1596) was based to some extent on the English translation of the Old French Huon of Bordeaux by John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners (1467–19 March 1533) from 1513 (not 1533, as Jones and Kibler state, xxi). Already before Shakespeare, a play with the title Hewen of Burdocize had been performed in 1593. A Middle Dutch translation had also made this text available to the non-French audience. Huon continued to be highly popular throughout the following centuries, apart from Shakespeare’s play, if we think, for instance, of Christoph Martin Wieland’s epic poem Oberon of 1780 or Goethe’s Faust I (1808). André Norton produced a free translation in 1951. After all, the text deals with the king of the fairies, with numerous secrets, magic, heroic adventures, a love affair with a Muslim princess who later converts to Christianity (of course), the conflict between Christians and Saracens, and criminal charges against the young protagonist and thus his conflict with Charlemagne.
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Ryabov, Sergey M. "Danish-French Relations: From the “Autumn of the Middle Ages” to the Early Modern Period". Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 26, nr 1 (2024): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2024.26.1.011.
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This article accompanies the publication and translation of two messages from king Frederick II of Denmark to king Charles IX of France and to Catherine de’ Medici. The former focuses on the bestowing of a knighthood to the Danish monarch and him becoming a knight of the French Order of St Michael and his acceptance of the Order’s golden chain. The latter concerns the role of the French crown and its ambassador in Copenhagen, Charles de Danzay, in stabilizing the international situation during the Northern Seven Years’ War, and in finding a peaceful compromise between the main adversaries, the Danish and the Swedish kingdoms. The author places both epistolary works in the context of the epoch under study, considering the main stages of Franco-Danish relations in the second half of the fifteenth century — late sixteenth century. The author notes that to the present day, in historiography, there is no integrated concept of description of dynastic, political, and economic contacts between Denmark and France in the Middle Ages and the early modern period (before 1600). This paper partly solves this problem by dividing the history of Franco-Danish contacts into three periods. The first (1456–1519) represents the time of the beginning of diplomatic relations between the French kingdom and the Danish state. The second (1519–1561) consists of a series of bilateral crises and attempts to find a way out of a difficult international situation. The third (1561–1589) marks the stabilization of Franco-Danish relations and the transformation of friendly communication into an allied partnership. The author concludes that, having undergone a series of crises and difficult periods, the Franco-Danish relations in the second half of the sixteenth century transformed into strong allied ties, which allowed France to maintain its influence in the north of Europe by the beginning of the seventeenth century.
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Pogorelskaia, E. I. "“On the Edge of Siberia with Ivanov”. An Article in the Newspaper “L’Humanité”". Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 15, nr 2 (2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2020-2-53-62.
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Since May of 1926 and till December of 1928, Leon Bazalgette (1873–1928), French writer, translator, and literary critic who was a close friend of Stefan Zweig, wrote the weekly column Foreign literature in the French Communist party newspaper L’Humanité. Among the materials published in the newspaper there are articles about Soviet writers and their most famous works. The article dedicated to Vsevolod Ivanov was published on March 14, 1928, after the publication of materials about Boris Pilnyak, Lidia Seifullina, Konstantin Fedin, and before the publication of an article about Isaac Babel. In this paper we publish a translation from French of Bazalgette’s article about Ivanov. This article provides a brief outline of Ivanov's biography, which is based on his Autobiography, written for the VOX Bulletin in 1927, before his trip abroad, to France and Germany. This part of the article deals with several stages of his youth, his work in the printing house and performances in the circus, his participation in the revolutionary events in Siberia and the beginning of his writing career. To introduce the French reader to the work of Ivanov, Bazalgette chose the works of the writer of the early 1920s, united by the theme of Civil war and partisan struggle: the novella Armored Train 14-69, which was well known in Russia and was published by that time in Paris in French translation, the stories Bull of times and Child. Bazalgette highlights the main problem raised by Ivanov in these works – the cruelty and devaluation of human life in the conditions of class struggle. Analyzing the three named works of Ivanov, the author of the ar- ticle characterizes the features of his style, says about the saturation of his texts with convex, strong, unexpected and vividly outlined images. At the same time, as the author of the article notes, these three works reflect only the stage of Ivanov’s creativity, which went far ahead in his stories and novellas written by him in the middle of 1920s. The notes to the translation of Bazalgette’s article comment on the realities mentioned in the article and correct the mistakes and inaccuracies made in this article.
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Lis, Kinga. "Richard Rolle’s Psalter Rendition: The Work of a Language Purist?" Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 50, nr 1 (1.03.2015): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2015-0016.
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Abstract Richard Rolle’s Psalter rendition, as any of the medieval English Psalter translations, is thickly enveloped in a set of assertions, originating in the nineteenth century, whose validity has been accepted unquestioned. It is the purpose of the present paper to investigate one such claim concerning the vocabulary selection, according to which Rolle’s rendition would employ almost exclusively lexical items of native origin, except for the instances where no proper item with native etymology presents itself in a particular context and Rolle is forced to use a Latin-derived word. The assertion generates at least two problematic issues. Firstly, it identifies Rolle’s translation as most exceptional in relation to the remaining 14th-century English Psalter translations: the Wycliffite Bibles and the Middle English Glossed Prose Psalter of which the former are asserted to be overtly influenced by the Latin text they render and the latter deeply indebted both syntactically and, more importantly, lexically to a ‘French source’. Secondly, it ascribes Richard Rolle the ideas nowadays covered by the term linguistic purism. Therefore, it seems necessary to analyse the lexical layer of the text in search of evidence, or lack thereof, which sets Rolle’s translation lexically apart from other renditions and sheds some light on the issue of Rolle’s supposed linguistic purism. Such a study is conducted on the basis of the nominal layer of the first fifty Psalms of the four relevant texts analysed in relation to their common Latin source text as only the juxtaposition of all of these enables one to (dis)prove the claim cited above. To provide a wider context from which to view them, the findings will be presented in relation to an overview of the contemporary theory of translation and set against a broadly sketched linguistic map of contemporary England.
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Komorowski, Jaroslaw. "Shakespeare and the Birth of Polish Romanticism: Vilna 1786–1846". Theatre Research International 21, nr 2 (1996): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300014723.
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The first phase of a long and complex process of the Polish reception of William Shakespeare's oeuvre ended in the middle of the nineteenth century with the popularization of new translations and the gradual elimination of French and German classicist adaptations. Vilna, vital centre of Polish culture, science and art, was the birthplace of Polish Romanticism and a hotbed of theatrical innovation. Vilna was also, at the turn of the eighteenth century, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and one of the major cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The school stage of Vilna Academy, established by Stefan Batory in 1578, had been active since 1582. In 1639, English actors belonging to Robert Archer's company may have visited the town; though the performances planned by King Wladyslaw IV did not take place. A permanent professional theatre was opened in 1785, when Wojciech Boguslawski, the greatest personality of the theatre of the Polish Enlightenment, came up from Warsaw with his troupe.
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Pakhsarian, N. T. "THE PLEASURE OF FEAR: PARADOXES OF GOTHIC POETICS IN THE FRENCH “BLACK NOVELS” OF THE 1790 S". Lomonosov Journal of Philology, nr 3, 2024 (17.06.2024): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2024-47-03-14.
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In the process of the formation of the “black novel” poetics in French literature at the turn of the 18th–19th centuries, along with its Baroque and sentimentalist origins, both translations of English Gothic novels and various stylizations for them play a significant role. The appeal of describing novelistic “horrors” determines their growing popularity among readers. Paradoxically, it turns out that parodies of such works arise almost immediately — both in England and in France, testifying more to the viability of this genre than to its decline. Unlike the English Gothic plots, which involve mandatory departure to the Middle Ages and other countries, in France, the plot of such novels can also become post-revolutionary modernity. One of the first parodies of the “horror novel”, English Night by Bellen de la Liborliere, is a kind of medley of borrowings from various Gothic works, the reading of which brings pleasure to the main character, who became rich on the confiscation of the property of aristocratic emigrants, bourgeois Dabo, and becomes a means of obtaining from him consent to the marriage of his son Roger with his beloved noblewoman Ursula. The play of imagination, the concentration of romantic cliches, the psychologization of Gothic fears becomes a way of combining the ridiculous and the frightening in the poetics of the “black novel”.
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Gaunt, Simon. "Translating the Diversity of the Middle Ages: Marco Polo and John Mandeville as "French" Writers". Australian Journal of French Studies 46, nr 3 (wrzesień 2009): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.46.3.235.
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Sadouki, Fatiha. "The role of the background languages in L3 vocabulary acquisition: The Cumulative Enhancement Model and Typological Similarity Model". Proceedings of The World Conference on Education and Teaching 1, nr 1 (15.05.2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/etconf.v1i1.29.
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The present study sheds light on cross-linguistic influence in third language learning, and it aims to explore the role of the previously acquired languages in third language acquisition and test the Cumulative Enhancement Model (Flynn et al, 2004) and Typological Similarity Model (Rothman, 2011). The CE Model supports the facilitation role of the previously acquired languages (L1 and L2) during the learning process of a third language (L3). The participants of this study are 35 middle school students who have Arabic as a first language, French as a second language, and they are learning English as a third language. A multiple-choice translation task that aims to test the participants’ knowledge of the non-native language they learn, in addition to a text in L3 in which they have to translate into their L1 and L2. The findings showed that participants transfer from the more typologically similar language (i.e. French) due to the typological similarity, which gives evidence for the Typological Similarity Model in which learners use the languages that is typologically similar to L3 at early stages of L3 acquisition.
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Sadouki, Fatiha. "The Effect of the Second Language on Metalinguistic Awareness in Third Language Vocabulary Learning". Romanian Journal of English Studies 18, nr 1 (1.12.2021): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjes-2021-0011.
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Abstract This study aims at investigating the effect of second language in third language learning. It focuses on metalinguistic awareness, which reflects the extent to which learners can use their background languages in the process of third and additional language learning. The study gives insights into the issue of metalinguistic awareness by testing the participants’ vocabulary knowledge in learning English as a foreign language. The number of participants in this study is 30; they are all middle school students who have Arabic/Berber as native languages, French as a second language, and English as a third language. Two translation tasks were designed to find out how participants use their background languages in learning English: translating words in the first task and paragraph translation (from English into Arabic) and think-aloud protocols in the second task. Additionally, a semi-structured interview is conducted with 8 participants. The findings reveal how participants possess greater cognitive control in language acquisition due to language relatedness between the foreign languages they learn.
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Vyshenskaya, Yuliya P. "Stylistic Use of the Grammatical Tense Category in the Middle English Prose". RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 13, nr 2 (14.07.2022): 416–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2022-13-2-416-432.
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The paper proposes some observation experience over exploring stylistic resources of the verbal category of tense in the texts of English belles-lettres presented by its prosaic segment dated by High Middle Ages period. Acquiring by the prosaic form of the belles-lettres text the independent status is the important step in the History of European Literature which chronologically coincides with the period of transferring from Middle Ages to Renaissance. After passing the formation period there appeared verbal coverings of one and the same contents different in stylistic, lexical and grammatical characteristics as well as the use of the national language. In consequence of the consciousness secularization, works of literature characterized by practical appropriation of reality, take some practical orientation. This, in turn, causes some necessity in new ways to describe «tactile materiality of consciousness». The category of tense is chosen as the investigation object by virtue of its dependence on proper to textual structures’ contents and compositional features. The work of literature text continuum is considered as distributed into chronological plans reflected in the verbal tense forms. The period of transferring from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, the period of translation, supposes establishing evaluative correspondences in the stylistic orientative activity with some etalon presented by the antique rhetorical tradition. Style generating processes in the textual space of English literature, facultative when compared with French belles-lettres, are marked by putting on th etalon position the French rhetorical tradition as well. The most eminent instances of the tradition can be found in the romance genre as one of the most representative in the European literary genre system. The English genre variant is used as illustrative material for the analysis procedure done.
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Fiorentino, Francesco. "La recente edizione di una traduzione trecentesca del de Civitate Dei". Augustinianum 56, nr 1 (2016): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/agstm20165619.
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This article presents the recent edition which the research team, direct-ed by Olivier Bertrand, undertook in order to give back to the schol-arly community concerned with Augustine of Hippo the translation, in Middle French, by Raoul de Presles (1371-1375) of De civitate Dei commissioned by Charles V, the Good, King of France, while he was involved in the recapture of Brittany after the Treaty of Bretigny dur-ing the Hundred Years’ War. This translation, which originally enjoyed an enormous market success, has finally appeared in a critical edition consisting of five volumes. Until now, only the first two volumes have been available, containing, respectively, books I-III and IV-V.
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Sanjabi, Maryam B. "Mardum-gurīz: An Early Persian Translation of Moliere's Le Misanthrope". International Journal of Middle East Studies 30, nr 2 (maj 1998): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800065892.
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Ever since the Persian intelligentsia first discovered French literature in the 19th century, it has remained fascinated with its various genres: first with the writings of the Philosophe, then with the Romantics, the roman aventure, the realists, and, in the mid-20th century, with the existentialists and the thèâtre absurde. Moliere's comedies, in particular, were the subject of great interest and the source of many adaptations in the secularizing Iran of the Constitutional period (1905–19) and the Reza Shah era (1921–41). These comedies, often staged with the government's blessing in the newly built playhouses in Tehran and other major cities, had a great impact on the ethos of the growing urban middle classes, who viewed theater-going as a chic habit with a moral essence.
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Classen, Albrecht. "The Arthur of the Low Countries: The Arthurian Legend in Dutch and Flemish Literature, ed. Bart Besamusca and Frank Brandsma. Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, X. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2021, xix, 249 pp., 1 map." Mediaevistik 35, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2022.01.11.
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Abstract As we all know, Arthurian literature was a pan-European phenomenon, so each branch of its distribution deserves its own separate treatment. This is the underlying motive for the series edited by Ad Putter, and the current book, the tenth volume, is dedicated to the Arthurian legend in Dutch and Flemish literature, magisterially edited by the well-known scholars Bart Besamusca and Frank Brandsma. As in many other cases, French sources were most influential in the Dutch and Flemish region, although we should not talk simply about translation literature, as is the same situation in Middle High German or Medieval English Arthurian romances.
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Marzolph, Ulrich. "The Arabic Source Text for Galland’s Dormeur éveillé". Oriente Moderno 98, nr 1 (10.04.2018): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340149.
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Abstract For his adapted and enlarged French translation of the Arabic Alf laylah wa-laylah, Antoine Galland mainly exploited the incomplete fifteenth-century Arabic manuscript at his diposal and the tales narrated to him by the Syrian Maronite storyteller Ḥannā Diyāb. The Arabic source texts of the tales of Gānim b. Ayyūb at the beginning of vol. 8 and of The Sleeper Awakened at the beginning of vol. 9, until recently unknown to research, have now been identified by Ibrahim Akel. In extension of the present author’s previous publications on The Sleeper Awakened, this contribution presents the Middle Arabic text of the version used for Galland’s translation, introduced by a short discussion of the general context and of this version’s specifics.
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Lis, Kinga. "The soul in the mediaeval Psalter". Adeptus, nr 7 (30.06.2016): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/a.2016.006.
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The soul in the mediaeval PsalterThe paper is an attempt to examine what lies at the heart and soul of the mediaeval Psalter in the contemporaneous approach(es) to its vernacularisations. In particular, the paper investigates the applications of the mediaeval translation theory in relation to a 12th-century Anglo-Norman, a 15th-century Middle French and four 14th-century Middle English prose Psalter renditions, with a view to locate them within the spirit of the attitude to biblical translations current in the Middle Ages and against the backdrop of the position of the Psalter in the period. In practical terms, the analysis is conducted on the basis of the equivalent selection strategies for rendering four Latin nouns central to the Psalter: anima, animae ‘soul,’ cor, cordis ‘heart’ and, perhaps surprisingly, ren, renis ‘kidney’ and lumbus, lumbi ‘loins’. All cases of variation in this respect are studied closely from intra- as well as extra-textual perspectives in order to establish the possible reasons behind the divergences, as these constitute exceptions rather than the rule, even in apparently heterodox renditions. Dusza w średniowiecznym PsałterzuArtykuł stanowi próbę bliższego przyjrzenia się podstawowym zasadom średniowiecznego podejścia do tłumaczenia psałterza na języki wernakularne. Przedstawiono w nim analizę zastosowania mediewalnej teorii tłumaczeń w odniesieniu do dwunastowiecznego Psałterza anglo-normandzkiego, piętnastowiecznego Psałterza średniofrancuskiego i czterech czternastowiecznych tłumaczeń Księgi Psalmów na średnioangielski. Celem było wykazanie, w jakim stopniu analizowane teksty odzwierciedlają ówczesne podejście do tłumaczeń biblijnych w kontekście znaczenia psałterza w średniowieczu. Badanie przeprowadzone jest na podstawie doboru ekwiwalentów w tłumaczeniu czterech – niezwykle istotnych z powodu rangi tych tekstów w średniowieczu – łacińskich rzeczowników: anima, animae‚ ‘dusza’, cor, cordis‚ ‘serce’ oraz, co może zaskoczyć, ren, renis‚ ‘nerka’ i lumbus, lumbi, ‘lędźwie’. Najwięcej uwagi poświęcono ustaleniu źródła analizowanej z perspektywy zarówno intra-, jak i ekstratekstualnej wariancji w doborze odpowiedników, jako że rozbieżność w tym względzie stanowi raczej wyjątek, a nie regułę, nawet w tłumaczeniach – wydawałoby się – heterodoksyjnych.
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Konkabayeva, N. N., K. H. Abdrakhmanova, A. N. Konkabayeva i K. K. Aubakirova. "HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE STUDY OF THE MEDIEVAL MANUSCRIPT"AT-TUKHFA" OF THE MAMLUK PERIOD". History of the Homeland 98, nr 2 (29.06.2022): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_35.
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The author used the only original of the survivingmanuscript "at-Tuhfa az-zakiyya fil lugatit turkiya". The main purpose of the article is to present the historiography of the study of the manuscript "At-Tuhfa", to analyze and summarize the issues raised in the studies. The article describes the history of the study of the manuscript "At-Tuhfa", written in the Middle Ages in Egypt and Syria during the reign of the Mamluks around the 15th-16th centuries. The translations of the manuscript of At-Tuhfa into French, Turkish, Uzbek and Russian are analyzed andthe features of each translation are given. Describing the features of the monument, the author dwells on the works of scientists who studied the manuscript. The list of domestic and foreign scientists is given. Particular attention is paid to the issues raised by each scientist, and examples are given. The study draws attention to the fact that the manuscript "at-Tuhfa" is of great interest in the CIS countries, including Kazakhstan. In Turkey, students of Besim Atalay reviewed the manuscript to complete the work begun by their teacher. It has also been re-analyzed to provide a new perspective on research. In the West, the At-Tuhfa manuscript is considered in terms of its influence on their own languages, while domestic research is focused on the language group of the At-Tuhfa manuscript. Examples are given from many Turkic languages. Based on this, it is compared with the language of the manuscript. In the years after independence, questions were raised about the collection, translation and analysis of manuscripts from the Mamluk period. The same applies to the methods and techniques used in the article.
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Favrod, Jérôme, Grégoire Zimmermann, Stéphane Raffard, Valentino Pomini i Yasser Khazaal. "The Beck Cognitive Insight Scale in Outpatients with Psychotic Disorders: Further Evidence from a French-Speaking Sample". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 53, nr 11 (listopad 2008): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370805301111.
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Objective: The Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) evaluates patients' self-report of their ability to detect and correct misinterpretation. Our study aims to confirm the factor structure and the convergent validity of the original scale in a French-speaking environment. Method: Outpatients ( n = 158) suffering from schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders fulfilled the BCIS. The 51 patients in Montpellier were equally assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) by a psychiatrist who was blind of the BCIS scores. Results: The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis validated the 2-factor solution reported by the developers of the scale with inpatients, and in another study with middle-aged and older outpatients. The BCIS composite index was significantly negatively correlated with the clinical insight item of the PANSS. Conclusions: The French translation of the BCIS appears to have acceptable psychometric proprieties and gives additional support to the scale, as well as cross-cultural validity for its use with outpatients suffering from schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. The correlation between clinical and composite index of cognitive insight underlines the multidimensional nature of clinical insight. Cognitive insight does not recover clinical insight but is a potential target for developing psychological treatments that will improve clinical insight.
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Samsel, Karol. "Joseph Conrad as a bilingual writer? On A Personal Record (1912)". Tekstualia 3, nr 46 (4.07.2016): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4201.
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The article is an attempt at comprehensive research on the diffi cult issue of the Joseph Conrad’s bilingualism. However, formulating the thesis is preluded by a detailed description of the analysed phenomenon – in the view of the interdisciplinary studies: linguistic or, to be precise: contactological. Intentionally the image of Conrad has been constructed here specifi cally, although not idiomatically: the patterns to consider his works will be provided by the most signifi cant Polish elaborations of the literary bilingualism’s experience, Edward Balcerzan and Ewa Kraskowska. Basing on the portrait of Joseph Conrad as the comparatist and the commentator of his own translations (notes on the Polish translation of Il Conde and the interview with Marian Dąbrowski in 1914), the creator of letters-language hybrids (English, Polish and French) or the founder of the style constructed of language norm’s, system’s and usage’s infringements (the subject of analysis is in article Conrad’s prose Some Reminiscences [A Personal Record]), we are able to drive only to the very one – as it seems – generalization: the ambiguity of Joseph Conrad had been caused by the writer’s suspension between systems of creative and defi cient bilingualism and passive bilingualism (Balcerzan’s terms). Accretion of that ambiguity could we observe specially explicitly about 1914. It provokes more careful (than it occurred previously) statement concerning Conrad’s knowledge of language systems, Conrad’s experience and surviving them, and also Conrad’s usage of them. It encourages us to use ‘middle-terms’ such as interlingualism, rather than monolingualism, bilingualism, trilingualism and so on.
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Posth, Carlotta, i Sonia García de Alba Lobeira. "Coherence-Making Strategies in the <i>Renaut de Montauban</i> Tradition". Linguistica 63, nr 1-2 (27.12.2023): 89–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.63.1-2.89-121.
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In the transition from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period, the vernacular prose romance became popular throughout Europe. This new genre brought about the functional expansion of vernacular languages into the realm of prose, which had previously been primarily the preserve of Latin. This paper discusses coherence-making strategies in prose romances from a diachronic perspective. In a case study of the Renaut de Montauban, also called The Four Sons of Aymon, we explore a number of linguistic devices used to convey narrative coherence in the chanson de geste tradition and what happens to these patterns when the matter is transposed from verse into prose and across languages, from French into English. We focus on copula constructions with initial intensifiers, the discourse markers lors, adonc, or and si (and their English counterparts), as well as the narrative formula commonly referred to as entrelacement or interlacement. By combining linguistic observations with a narratological framework borrowed from literary analysis, we aim to shed light on further research possibilities into the realm of comparative medieval literature which considers new generic (prose), material (print), and linguistic (French-English) contexts. Our results show that the change in form from verse to prose causes word order patterns with sentence-initial intensifiers to decline in favour of a general preference for discourse markers. These became the preferred way of establishing coherence in long prose texts. Their varied use in French and the English translation of the Renaut show a definite awareness of the significance of this resource for plot progression and the management of shifts between narrative levels. Furthermore, the combination of discourse markers with other narrative formulae, like interlacement, and typographical features underscore the deliberate use of these linguistic features as coherence-making elements in the prose Renaut tradition.
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Korolkova, Svetlana, i Anna Novozhilova. "Efficiency of Machine Translation in Urban Discourse". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, nr 3 (sierpień 2021): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.3.8.
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This article aims to analyze the use of Yandex.Translate, an online machine translation system, in translating urban discourse texts on the web. The authors use integrative linguistic-and-pragmatic approach to assess machine translation quality in a global digital setting. The aim is to show the efficiency of a state-of-the-art machine translation system and to investigate its usefulness in practical application. The authors perform a detailed analysis of the Paris city website content, which is automatically translated from French into Russian with Yandex.Translate. The data selection is justified by the absence of official foreign versions of this website, which points to the need of machine translation engines integrated in a web browser. Less than 20% of the analysed machine-translated texts demonstrate high language quality, whereas 60% can be referred to as acceptable – the text preserves the meaning of the source but contains some errors and inaccuracies in the target language. About 20% of the machine-translated text contains blunders, which violate Russian language norms. It causes source text contents distortion and communication failures. In the end, a classification of the system errors is presented. It is also concluded that machine translation would substitute middle-skilled human translators in the future. However, the use of such systems will enforce standardisation and simplification of the target language.
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Colwell, Tania M. "Friendship and Trust between Medieval Princes: Affective Strategies for Navigating Intercultural Difference across the Mediterranean". Emotions: History, Culture, Society 4, nr 2 (9.12.2020): 348–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2208522x-02010100.
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Abstract This essay analyses the rhetoric of friendship in John of Sulṭāniyya’s translation of a Persian letter from the Mongol-Turkic leader Temür (Tamerlaine) to the French king Charles VI in 1402/3. It examines how the discourse of political friendship was an effective strategy for navigating intercultural difference between princely rulers across the Mediterranean in the later Middle Ages. Friendship language and practices functioned as a diplomatic paradigm for cultivating an affective attitude of trust between secular and spiritual leaders. Central to eliciting trust were performances of goodwill and the demonstrable commitment of individual parties to engage in a reciprocal exchange of benefits and obligations. Negotiating intercultural friendships enabled European elites to effect political change while adopting models of masculine authority independent of the hegemonic warrior tradition of medieval leadership.