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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Translation biology”

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Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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1

Chew, Guo-Liang. "Non-Canonical Translation in Vertebrates." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467487.

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Translation is a key process during gene expression: to produce proteins, ribosomes translate the coding sequences of mRNAs. However, vertebrate genomes contain more translation potential than these annotated coding sequences: translation has been detected in many non-coding RNAs and in the non-coding regions of mRNAs. To understand the role of such translation in vertebrates, I investigated: 1) the distribution of translation in vertebrate long non-coding RNAs, and 2) the effects of translation in the 5’ leaders of vertebrate mRNAs. To quantify and localize translation in a genome-wide manner
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2

Lin, Chen-ju. "Targeting translation initiation for cancer therapy." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96981.

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The recruitment of ribosomes to the 5' end of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells is generally thought to be the rate-limiting step of translation initiation and this process is mediated by the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F complex (eIF4F). This complex consists of three subunits: eIF4E, a mRNA-cap binding protein, eIF4A, a RNA helicase and eIF4G, a large molecular scaffold that mediates the binding of mRNA to ribosomes. Deregulation of translation initiation through eIF4F activation has been widely observed in human cancers. The eIF4F complex lies downstream of key signalling pathways involved in onc
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3

Kinney, Emma. "Decoupling of HSV1 Vhs protein mRNA decay and translation stimulation." Thesis, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1543940.

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<p> Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 is a member of the <i>alphaherpesvirinae </i> subfamily within the family <i>Herpesviridae</i>. This virus has both a lytic and latent cycle. Primary infection occurs when the virus enters epithelial cells around the mucosal lining of the nose and mouth. Within the epithelial cells, the virus undergoes an active lytic infection, causing an ulcerated blister, more famously known as a 'cold sore' or 'fever blister'. Once HSV enters the nearby sensory neurons the genome is transported to the neuronal cell body where its latency associated transcripts are activated
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4

Cho, Park 1975. "The Cap-binding inhibitor of translation, d4EHP /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111819.

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In eukaryotes, the initiation phase of protein synthesis or translation is a multi-step process that culminates in the positioning of the SOS ribosome at the initiation codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA). Recognition of the cap structure by eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (etF4F; composed of three subunits: the cap-binding protein e1F4E, the RNA-helicase eIF4A and the scaffolding protein eIF4G) facilitates this process. The ability of eIF4F to bind to the cap, as a result of the Cap:eIF4E interaction is of particular importance, as it is the major target of translational regulatory mechanism.<br>
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5

Malina, Abba. "The therapeutic potential in eukaryotic mRNA translation." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114176.

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Inhibitors of translation have proven invaluable in delineating the overall mechanism of protein synthesis. Unlike inhibitors of prokaryotic protein synthesis, the therapeutic development of drugs that directly interfere in the eukaryotic mRNA translation for treatment of human disease has remained largely unexplored. To begin to investigate this possibility and expand the current repertoire of compounds that affect eukaryotic translation, we have undertaken several different experimental screening approaches, two of which are described below and will form the basis of this thesis. In chapter
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6

Chiappetta, Margaret Elizabeth. "Knowledge translation in action : cancer biology and systems pharmacology at the National Center for Advancing Translational Science." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50189.

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The need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic drugs with the potential to combat increasingly prevalent or particularly insidious diseases has grown in recent years. Concurrently, the issue of translating scientific knowledge from “bench to bedside” has become increasingly salient. In 2011, the U.S. National Institutes of Health created the National Center for Advancing Translational Science in an effort to remedy the recalcitrant gaps between fundamental laboratory research and late-stage clinical trial, thereby dramatically reducing the amount of time and expense needed to develop efficaciou
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7

Yao, Xiaoquan. "Sequence features affecting translation initiation in eukaryotes: A bioinformatic approach." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27658.

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Sequence features play an important role in the regulation of translation initiation. This thesis focuses on the sequence features affecting eukaryotic initiation. The characteristics of 5' untranslated region in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were explored. It is found that the 40 nucleotides upstream of the start codon is the critical region for translation initiation in yeast. Moreover, this thesis attempted to solve some controversies related to the start codon context. Two key nucleotides in the start codon context are the third nucleotide upstream of the start codon (-3 site) and the nucleotid
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8

Fung, Hiu Leong. "Human C7orf30 is a novel mitochondrial translation factor." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103744.

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Mitochondria generate the majority of cellular energy through oxidative phosphorlyation. The machinery of oxidative phosphroylation consists of five enzyme complexes that are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A small number of essential subunits in these complexes are encoded by mtDNA and synthesized on a dedicated mitochondrial translation apparatus. Defects in mitochondrial translation system cause many mitochondrial diseases, but the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial translation remain largely unknown. We have identified an unnamed human protein C7orf30, as a possible mitoch
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9

Arribere, Joshua A. (Joshua Alexander). "Transcript leaders : annotation and insight into functions in translation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83763.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2013.<br>CD-ROM contains PDF of title page and .txt of tables.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>For a eukaryotic mRNA to be properly expressed, it undergoes a series of several steps, including transcription, modification, splicing, packaging, export, localization, translation, and decay. Of these steps transcription is the most extensively studied, though the remaining steps are also indispensible for proper protein production. While we understand many of these st
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10

Cacan, Ercan. "Evolutionary synthetic biology: structure/function relationships within the protein translation system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45838.

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Production of mutant biological molecules for understanding biological principles or as therapeutic agents has gained considerable interest recently. Synthetic genes are today being widely used for production of such molecules due to the substantial decrease in the costs associated with gene synthesis technology. Along one such line, we have engineered tRNA genes in order to dissect the effects of G:U base-pairs on the accuracy of the protein translation machinery. Our results provide greater detail into the thermodynamic interactions between tRNA molecules and an Elongation Factor protein (te
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11

Basak, Sanjukta. "Studies of Hepatitis C virus immunology : translation and replication." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97903.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become a worldwide problem. Roughly 3% of world population are estimated to be infected with the virus, producing high rates of progressive liver disease, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present therapy, a combined administration of pegylated interferon-alpha (IFN) and ribavirin is costly and only successful in 50% of patients infected with HCV. It is also associated with serious side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for better tolerated and more effective treatment modalities. A therapeutic vaccine may be the solution.<br>Recent efforts
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12

Baboo, Sabyasachi. "Nuclear translation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5266f049-d576-44fd-ab26-11cf7a27f678.

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In bacteria, protein synthesis can occur tightly coupled to transcription. In eukaryotes, it is believed that translation occurs solely in the cytoplasm; I test whether some occurs in nuclei and find: (1) L-azidohomoalanine (Aha) – a methionine analogue (detected by microscopy after attaching a fluorescent tag using ‘click’ chemistry) – is incorporated within 5 s into nuclei in a process sensitive to the translation inhibitor, anisomycin. (2) Puromycin – another inhibitor that end-labels nascent peptides (detected by immuno-fluorescence) – is similarly incorporated in a manner sensitive to a t
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13

Ying, Lanqing. "Studies on Translation Elongation and its Fidelity." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu153054014550459.

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14

Ivanova, Natalia. "Finding the unknowns in trans-translation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ-bib. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5756.

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15

Stojdl, David F. "Protein kinases and the regulation ofmRNA splicing and translation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9381.

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Regulation of genetic information occurs through many intricate and varied mechanisms. We have explored two such mechanism, splicing and translation initiation, by studying two kinase families involved in these processes. The work in this thesis represents our ongoing efforts to understand the role of these proteins and the mechanisms by which they work. In the first section of this thesis, we present evidence that the Clk family of kinases are able to influence the regulatory process known as alternative splicing. In the second portion, we discuss PKR, a regulator of protein translation, and
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16

Brasey, Ann. "Translation regulation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85890.

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Viruses are among the ultimate conquerors. Even the exploits of Genghis Khan and Alexander the Great seem pale when compared to viral feats. To give but one example, over the last 50 years, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has swept across six continents, now claiming several million lives yearly. Despite sustained intense research efforts, there is still no treatment to eradicate HIV infection.<br>For billions of years, viruses evolved strategies to enter and take control of organisms to generate progeny viruses. Eukaryotic cell viruses developed various means of hijacking the ce
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17

Park, Eun-Hee 1971. "Mechanisms of translation initiation of receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102690.

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Angiogenesis is a process of new blood vessel formation and is the culmination of both mitogenic and tissue remodeling events, resulting in neovascularization. It is a physiological process that is required for, amongst others, normal embryonic development, female reproductive function, and wound healing. Angiogenesis is a tightly regulated process which is balanced by both positive and negative factors. However, in many disease states, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, and several cancers, dysregulation of angiogenesis contributes to disea
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18

Kebache, Sem. "A role for the Nck adapter in protein translation /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82899.

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In mammals, Nck, represented by two genes, is a 47kDa protein lacking intrinsic enzymatic function. It is composed solely of three N-terminal Src-homology 3 (SH3) domains and a single C-terminal Src-homology 2 (SH2) domain. Nck is classified as an adapter molecule that links cell surface receptors, via its SH2 domain, to downstream effectors, through its SH3 domains. Two cDNAs coding for the carboxy-terminal region of the beta subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2beta) were isolated from a two-hybrid screen to identify new effector molecules interacting with the SH3 domain
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19

M'Boutchou, Marie-Noël. "Regulation of translation initiation by the elF4E-binding proteins." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80326.

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Most eukaryotic mRNAs possess a 5' cap structure which is important for their translation. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binds this structure directly and is repressed by the eIF4E-binbing proteins (4E-BPs), which in turn are regulated through the FRAP/mTOR pathway by a multitude of extracellular stimuli. The focus of this thesis is to investigate the function of the 4E-BPs in the cell by the use of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in which both the genes for 4E-BP1 (Eif4ebp1) and 4E-BP2 (Eif4ebp2) were disrupted. We first examined the role of 4E-BPs in encep
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20

Yanez, Adrienne Gail. "Regulation of microRNA activity by translation initiation factors in melanoma." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11578.

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microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that may regulate more than half of human genes, yet the molecular mechanism of miRNA-mediated repression remains obscure. Using a cell-free assay of miRNA activity, we show that miRNA-targeted mRNAs are enriched for components of the 40S, but not 60S ribosomal subunit. Additionally, a molecular toeprint of 18 nucleotides 3' relative to the start codon, consistent with nucleotide protection by 40S ribosomal subunits, is enriched on miRNA-targeted mRNAs. Our results suggest that miRNAs repress translation initiation in a cell-free system by preventin
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21

Keys, Heather R. (Heather Rochelle). "A multi-level approach to understanding the regulation of translation initiation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106733.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "September 2016."<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>mRNA translation is an extremely complex process required for life. Translation consumes vast amounts of cellular resources, and organisms have evolved tight regulatory mechanisms to control this process, which are often deregulated in cancer and other disease states. Initiation, as the rate-limiting step in translation, is particularly well regulated. Two kinase pathways that respond to cellular stresses, the
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22

Khalouei, Sam. "Translation initiation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27866.

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Translation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mRNAs is entirely dependent on the host translation machinery. There are two prevailing hypotheses regarding the translation initiation mechanism in HIV-1; conventional cap-dependent ribosomal scanning mechanism (CDRSM) and cap-independent entry of the ribosome, usually through an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The first mechanism makes use of the Kozak consensus sequence in locating the translation initiation codon, similar to the mechanism observed in human mRNAs. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the Kozak consensus and t
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23

Lemay, Guy. "Study of a reovirus protein involved in viral mRNA translation." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75419.

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This thesis concerns the mechanisms responsible for preferential translation of reovirus mRNA in infected cells. The absence of a poly(A) tract at the $3 sp prime$-end is one of the structural differences that distinguishes reovirus mRNA from cellular mRNA. Addition of free poly(A) inhibits in vitro translation at the level of initiation of protein synthesis, probably by competition between free poly(A) and mRNA. Reovirus mRNA is resistant to this inhibition and this property might confer a translational advantage to the viral mRNA. Another difference between reovirus mRNA and cellular mRNA is
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24

Roman, William. "Inhibiting translation as a novel strategy to target multiple Myeloma." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106443.

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Multiple Myeloma (MM) cell survival has been shown to depend on precise control of protein production and degradation. Disruption of protein catabolism through proteosomal or aggresomal blockade results in MM cell death. We hypothesized that inhibiting protein production would have a similarly toxic effect in MM. We explored the consequences of inhibiting mRNA translation in MM using silvestrol, a powerful inhibitor of ribosomal recruitment, which preferentially disrupts the production of certain cell regulatory and survival proteins. A panel of silvestrol-treated MM cell lines showed profound
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Pause, Arnim. "Mutational analysis of the mammalian translation initiation factor eIF-4A." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41744.

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eIF-4A is a eukaryotic translation initiation factor and DEAD box RNA helicase that is thought to be responsible for the melting of secondary structure in the 5$ sp prime$ untranslated region of messenger RNAs to facilitate ribosome binding. A mutational analysis of eIF-4A revealed that the ATPase A motif (AXXXXGKT) is involved in ATP binding, the ATPase B motif (DEAD) is implicated in ATP hydrolysis, the SAT region is essential for RNA unwinding, and the HRIGRXXR region is required for ATP hydrolysis-dependent RNA binding. Furthermore, defective eIF-4A mutants exhibit a strong dominant negati
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Poulin, Francis. "Regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation by the eIF4E-binding proteins." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84416.

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The initiation of protein synthesis consists in the recruitment of a ribosome·initiator tRNA complex to the initiation codon of a messenger RNA. In eukaryotes, this process is facilitated by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which recognizes the cap structure present at the 5' end of all nuclear-transcribed mRNAs. The eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) inhibit cap-dependent translation by binding to eIF4E, and preventing ribosomal recruitment to the mRNA. The interaction of 4E-BPs with eIF4E is reversible, and it is regulated by the 4E-BPs phosphorylation state. Here I r
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27

Hu, Wenqian. "The Interplay of Eukaryotic mRNA Translation and Degradation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1274900106.

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28

Meerovitch, Karen. "Studies on the mechanism of internal initiation of translation of poliovirus mRNA." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41178.

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Ribosome binding to cellular eukaryotic mRNAs is proposed to occur by initial attachment at or near to the mRNA 5$ sp prime$ cap structure (m$ sp7$ GpppN, where N is any nucleotide) followed by scanning until the appropriate initiator AUG is encountered. A pivotal aspect of this model is the obligatory entry of ribosomes at the 5$ sp prime$ end of the mRNA regardless if it contains a cap structure. Recent experiments demonstrated that ribosomes access certain mRNAs by internal binding to the 5$ sp prime$ untranslated region (UTR). This was most clearly demonstrated for members of the picornavi
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Wang, Yinuo J. "Functions of the conserved ribosome-bound protein Lso2 in translation and physiology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119979.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The ribosome is a highly conserved macromolecular machine that carries out translation, the synthesis of proteins from mRNAs, in all domains of life. The core ribosome interacts with dozens of general translation factors that ensure accurate and efficient progression through the translation cycle. Their detailed characterization has significantly advanced our understanding of protein synthesis. However, a growing number of ribos
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Chuang, Ray-Yuan. "Requirement of a putative RNA helicase, ded1p, for translation in saccharomyces cerevisiae /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487948158625166.

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Méthot, Nathalie. "RNA and protein interactions by eIF4B during translation initiation." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40401.

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One of the most enduring questions pertaining to eukaryotic translation initiation is how the 40S ribosomal subunit recognizes and binds at or near the cap-structure of mRNAs. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) is one of the factors that are required for this step of protein synthesis. eIF4B stimulates the RNA helicase activity of eIF4A and eIF4F, melting RNA secondary structure in the 5$ sp prime$ untranslated region (UTR), and is thus believed to contribute to ribosome binding by creating an area of single-stranded RNA accessible to the 40S ribosomal subunit We studied the mechanism of
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Jaramillo, Maria. "Molecular biology and functional characterization of cap binding proteins involved in translation initiation." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35397.

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The cap structure, m7GpppX (where X is any nucleotide), is present at the 5' end of all nuclear encoded mRNAs. Previous studies demonstrated that this structure facilitates the unwinding of mRNA 5' secondary structure through the action of eukaryotic initiation factors eIF-4A, eIF-4B and eIF-4F. eIF-4F contains three subunits of which one, eIF-4E, contains the cap binding site. To investigate the possible regulation of eIF-4E, an initiation factor whose limiting nature and activity have been implicated in the regulation of translation and cell growth, several murine cDNAs were isolated and cha
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Jaramillo, Maria. "Molecular biology and functional characterization of cap binding proteins involved in translation initiation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ50193.pdf.

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34

Kershner, Leah. "RACK1 regulates point contact formation and local translation in neuronal growth cones." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1524159362714285.

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Cale, Stephanie. "Doc of bacteriophage P1 is an enzyme that inhibits translation and phosphorylates a protein target." Thesis, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1570494.

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<p> Doc induces cell death by inhibiting translation; however, the mechanism of Doc-induced cell death and the cellular target of the toxin were unknown. One theory suggested that Doc inhibits translation elongation by binding directly to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Later evidence showed catalytic activity in distant homologs of Doc. These homologs contain a Fic-domain that has been shown to modify target GTPases by AMPylation and phosphocholination. Therefore, [<sup>35</sup>S] &ndash; Met, &alpha;[<sup>32</sup>P] &ndash; ATP, and &gamma;[<sup>32</sup>P] &ndash; ATP were used in conjunction wit
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36

Livingstone, Mark. "A nuclear role for the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding proteins." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97024.

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The regulation of mRNA translation is crucially important in determining which cellular proteins are produced in response to intracellular and extracellular cues. The resulting collection of functional proteins determines which physiological processes a given cell will carry out; therefore, the deregulation of protein production is strongly implicated in diseases, such as cancer, in which cells fail to appropriately respond to stimuli. The mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway, which links amino acid, growth factor, and energy availability to mRNA translation resulting in cellu
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Rajakumar, Arjuna. "Characterizing the anti-tumor effects of inhibiting translation initiation in glioblastoma multiforme." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121345.

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Many genetic aberrations contribute to the aggressive phenotype of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), a heterogenous tumor which consists of four major subtypes with distinct molecular characteristics. The differential activity of oncogenic and tumor suppressive networks between these subtypes makes targeted therapy difficult as not all subtypes will be affected to the same degree. As well, the genetic complexity of GBM allows for compensatory signaling to sustain malignancy and resist apoptosis. During the last decade evidence has accumulated about the importance of mRNA translation initiation in
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Presnyak, Vladimir. "Effects of Codon Usage on mRNA Translation and Decay." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1427387336.

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McLeod, Tina Louise. "Investigating methods of visualising translation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7105/.

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Gene expression is compartmentalised in eukaryotes due to the nuclear envelope separating the nuclear processes of transcription and pre-mRNA processing from cytoplasmic translation. While ribosomes are synthesised in the nucleus, it is understood that a number of mechanisms keep them inactive until they reach the cytoplasm, where they mature to become translation-competent. However, this consensus view is being challenged by a growing body of evidence in support of nuclear translation. A newly developed technique, known as ribopuromycylation (RPM), had reported the presence of puromycin-bound
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40

Ghosh, Arnab. "Coevolution of Ribosomes and The Translational Apparatus: The Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Ribosomal Protein uS7 from Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1435159279.

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Herdy, Barbara. "The role of eukaryotic translation initation factor 4E (eIF4E)regulation during viral infection." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86803.

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Translation of mRNA into protein is a fundamental process and requires tight regulation. Primary control occurs at the initiation step. A critical protein for this regulation is the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which binds to the 5´ cap structure found on all nuclear transcribed mRNAs. This interaction initiates translation by assembling the eIF4F complex on the mRNA, which subsequently recruits the ribosome. The function of eIF4E is regulated in two ways, by the 4E binding proteins (4E-BPs), which disrupt the eIF4F complex and secondly by eIF4E phosphorylation on serin
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42

Bidinosti, Michael Anthony. "Identification and characterisations of a novel posttranslational modification of translation repressor 4E-BP2." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86551.

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In eukaryotes, control of protein synthesis or translation is critical for maintenance of cellular function and adaptation to environmental stimuli or stresses. The entire process of producing a functional protein molecule from an mRNA template is elaborately controlled and involves several integrated phases. It is the initiation phase of recruiting the protein synthesis machinery to an mRNA that is rate-limiting for translation. Importantly, a major regulatory mechanism of translation initiation is performed by the eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs). These small proteins interact with the mRNA 5
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43

Cotnoir-White, David. "NMR study of the interaction between PABP and the translation down-regulator Paip2." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101712.

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The poly(A) binding protein (PABP) is an essential translation factor that enhances protein synthesis and protects mRNAs from degradation. PABP is composed of four RNA recognition motifs (RRM) at its N-terminal and a peptide-interacting C-terminal domain. PABP-interacting proteins 1 (Paip1) and 2 (Paip2) were found to respectively stimulate or inhibit translation. Both Paip 1 and 2 contain two PABP interacting regions (PAM1 and PAM2). In this study, NMR was used to elucidate the mechanism by which Paip2 down-regulates translation through disruption of PABP's binding to poly(A) RNA. A fragment
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44

Islas-Osuna, Maria A. "Genetic analysis of the Cbp1-COB mRNA interaction and the role of Cbp1 in translation of COB RNAs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279945.

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Mitochondria are the organelles where respiration occurs. The yeast mitochondrial genome encodes only 8 proteins, therefore the organelle depends on the nuclear genome for many proteins required in different steps of mitochondrial gene expression. Regulation of mRNA stability, processing and translation are important steps in gene expression within the mitochondrion. Cbp1, a protein encoded by the nuclear gene CBP1, is required specifically for stabilization of precursor and mature cytochrome b (COB) RNA, which is encoded in the mitochondrial genome. Previous work identified a cis-element, CCG
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45

Silver, Stanley. "Glutamine Synthetase: Isolation of Isoforms, Poly (A) +RNA and In Vitro Translation." TopSCHOLAR®, 1987. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2852.

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Two forms of glutamine synthetase (GS) have been isolated from three-day old etiolated soybean hypocotyls by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The GS isoforms were eluted from a 30 ml DEAE-cellulose column using 0.14 M KC1 and 0.175 M KC1 and from a 1.0 ml DEAE-cellulose column using 0.08 M KC1 and 0.14 M KC1. The two isoforms of soybean GS have a molecular weight of about 392,000 daltons as indicated by in gel enzyme assays and staining of protein bands. The poly(A)+RNA specific for GS synthesis was isolated using phenol and chloroform followed by Hybond mAP pa
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46

Su, Yang Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Disassembly of electron transport chain complexes drives macrophage TLR responses by reprogramming metabolism and translation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127139.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, May, 2020<br>Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to glycolysis is a key feature of inflammatory response in macrophages, but how this switch occurs in response to inflammatory signals and how it precisely contributes to macrophage function is still obscure. Here we show that stimulation of macrophages through Toll-like receptors (TLR) disrupts the assembly of mitochondrial electron transfer chain (ETC) complexes
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47

Hagerty, James Robert. "Developmental Regulation of Translation in Parasitic Flatworms." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1623424469091568.

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48

Brubaker, Sky William. "Identification of an Antiviral Signaling Variant Demonstrates Immune Regulation Through Alternative Translation." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13070055.

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Innate immune signaling pathways initiate host defenses against viral pathogens. Receptors specific for viral nucleic acids activate these pathways culminating in cell-to-cell communication and/or cell death. In mammals, this cell- to-cell communication is achieved through the production of interferons and pro- inflammatory cytokines, which activate antiviral defenses in uninfected neighboring cells and instruct adaptive immune responses. The production of these signaling molecules is essential for the defense against viral infection, but must also be tightly regulated to prevent unnecessary i
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49

Sham, Mai Har. "Regulation of transcription and translation of phloem proteins in cucurbitaceae during differentiation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329169.

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Chen, Menglin. "Studies of Translation Elongation and its Relationship to Transcription Elongation in Bacteria." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586468314499281.

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