Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Transfrau”

The present Master thesis deals with a transfer of the production process from Asia to Europe. The aim is to provide a life cycle of the project, its phases and the respective actions, an analysis of the risks associated with this transfer, a successful start-up of series production and the design of the internal audit as a standard of control for setting a stable and quality manufacture of the product in the Brno production plant.

We propose and demonstrate the superiority of using a phase SLM only in a multi-reference phase encoded joint transform correlator(JTC) compared to an ordinary JTC. Maximal length sequences are shifted to form two dimensional orthogonal arrays referred as m-arrays. The phase mask is used in one step to encode multiple reference images and at the same time eliminate false correlation peaks through power spectrum dispersion. A theoretical model of the implemented JTC is mathematically expressed and explained in this thesis. Basic performance criteria, PSR (peak to side lobe ratio) and PCE (peak to correlation energy), are used for comparative analysis, and their relationship to joint input image size and SLM size are investigated and the results simulated.

The thesis solves the modern state of media power across selected political systems. The main idea is how the control of media content and the authorities of regulators are established inside the legal conception. Also, the question is, whether such a system of regulation is currently sufficient and whether the situation has come into a state where the media ceased to function as a control element of democracy and took on a determinant and powerful role. The first part of the thesis is a theoretical one, in which the basic concepts and also the most important sources on which the research is based on are presented. The second part is a practical one and it presents the systems themselves including their main characteristics. The mechanism of control in each country is described in more detail, and the hypothesis is presented together with the procedure leading to its evaluation. The hypothesis is confirmed in the last part of the thesis and the results are compared using information from the analysis. The paper presents a discussion of the detected state of media power at the end and also offers possible ways and solutions.

Within the PhD. thesis the problems of H-transfer from selected types of phenols, aromatic secondary amines and compounds with acidic CH bond were investigated. This process was initiated by the action of redox agents, mostly PbO2, in nonpolar solvents. The abstraction of hydrogen atom results in the formation of radical intermediates, which were detected by EPR spectroscopy. Because in most cases, highly unstable radicals were produced, it was neccessary to apply the technique of indirect detection, so called spin trapping. This method enables to interpret the character of generated radicals on the basis of EPR parameters of radical adducts, which are formed by their reaction with suitably chosen compounds, spin traps, which are added to the reaction system. As spin traps, the aromatic nitrosocompounds were preferentially used. Due to the fact that EPR spectra of radical adducts were in most cases very complex, their interpretation was possible only using the computer simulation. Based on this approach, new information about the character of addition of phenoxyl tradicals to aromatic nitrosocompounds, stability of alkyl substituents in methyl substituted phenols and character of C-radicals, generated from substituted coumarines and beta-diketones, was obtained. Simultaneously, the small ability of nitrogen radicals, primary products of the splitting of NH bond, to enter the reaction with spin traps was proved by aromatic secondary amines.

The genomes of several organisms have been sequenced and the need for methods to analyse the data is growing. In this project a method is described that tries to identify co-regulated genes. The method identifies transcription factor binding sites, documented in TRANSFAC, in the non-coding regions of genes. The algorithm counts the number of common binding sites and the number of unique binding sites for each pair of genes and decides if the genes are co-regulated. The result of the method is compared with the correlation between the gene expression patterns of the genes. The method is tested on 21 gene pairs from the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The algorithm first identified binding sites from all organisms. The accuracy of the program was very low in this case. When the algorithm was modified to only identify binding sites found in plants the accuracy was much improved, from 52% to 76% correct predictions.

An essential part of the prerequisite for studying of students and employment process of graduates of UEO is the knowledge of professional economic language. The aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the quality and efficiency of teaching the professional Czech language for foreign students in the University of Economics with a focus on Russian-speaking students. Based on theoretical studies the confirmation of dissertation hypothesis and the achievement of work objects describe and give reasons how and how much the Russian language affects the morphology and lexical linguistic aspects in the case of Russian-speaking students during the process of learning the professional Czech language. The research part of the work with the help of the questionnaire responses analysis confirms the fact that the interlanguage influence in the case of Czech professional language is very strong and is greatly manifested in both positive and negative ways. It was proved that important factors in education are: the origin of foreign students, their level of knowledge of Russian language and teachers' level of Russian language knowledge. The research part is followed by didactic recommendations and proposals of specific methodological procedures and exercises for the most consistent limiting of the negative effects of the Russian language while learning the Czech professional language at the University of Economics in Prague.

This Diploma thesis deals with the international logistics chain of live animals and their individual components. The aim is to analyze the entire logistics chain, to find its current disadvantages and options to remove them. The work came to the conclusion that the removal of these disadvantages would bring benefits for companies engaged in international transport of live animals. The main awaited results are reducing business costs and improving the conditions of transport of animals and their welfare.

This work deals with object speed measuring using image analysis method. The reader will become familiar with a mathematical theory upon which the method is based. The mathematical algorithm for obtaining the speed of a given object is illustrated. Furthermore, an original computer program has been developed and the results of real measuring are shown.

This dissertation focuses on two distinct but related problems involving detection in multiple images. The first problem focuses on the accurate detection of runways by fusing Synthetic Vision System (SVS) and Enhanced Vision System (EVS) images. A novel procedure is developed to accurately detect runways and horizons and also enhance runway surrounding areas by fusing enhanced vision system (EVS) and synthetic vision system (SVS) images of the runway while an aircraft is landing. Because the EVS and SVS frames are not aligned, a registration step is introduced to align the EVS and SVS images prior to fusion. The most notable feature of the registration procedure is that it is guided by the information extracted from the weather-invariant SVS images. Four fusion rules based on combining Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) sub-bands are implemented and evaluated. The resulting procedure is tested on real EVS-SVS image pairs and also on image pairs containing simulated EVS images with varying levels of turbulence. The subjective and objective evaluations reveal that runways and horizons can be detected accurately even in poor visibility conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that different aspects of the EVS and SVS images can be emphasized by using different DWT fusion rules. Another notable feature is that the entire procedure is autonomous throughout the landing sequence irrespective of the weather conditions. Given the excellent fusion results and the autonomous feature, it can be concluded that the fusion procedure developed is quite promising for incorporation into head-up displays (HUDs) to assist pilots in safely landing aircrafts in varying weather conditions. The second problem focuses on the blind detection of hidden messages that are embedded in images using various steganography methods. A new steganalysis strategy is introduced to blindly detect hidden messages that have been embedded in JPEG images using various steganography techniques. The key contribution is the formulation of a multi-domain feature extraction, ranking, and selection strategy to improve the steganalysis performance. The multi-domain features are statistical measures extracted from DWT, muti-wavelet (MWT), and slantlet (SLT) transforms. Feature ranking and selection is based on evaluating the performance of each feature independently and combining the best uncorrelated features. The resulting feature set is used in conjunction with discriminant analysis and support vector classifiers to detect the presence/absence of hidden messages in images. Numerous experiments are conducted to demonstrate the improved performance of the new steganalysis strategy over existing steganalysis methods.

Industries have expectations that university graduates possess well-rounded theoretical and practical knowledge to be successful in their jobs. While effective teaching and learning are essential goals in higher education institutions, lessons and learning activities in traditional classroom settings are often out of context, presented to students with much theoretical generality and abstract representations. This leads to a disconnection between academia and industry, where students struggle to apply abstract principles and knowledge in a real-world context to perform effectively in their workplace. Live role-play has been traditionally used as an educational technique to engage students and provide them the opportunity to learn with a real-world context within classroom settings. While role-playing in the classroom encourages transfer of learning, one of its limitation is traditional role-play often does not provide an authentic and believable real-world experience to participants. The primary aim of this study is to converge the pedagogical benefits of role-playing, educational technology and digital games to investigate the effectiveness of using digital role-playing games in classrooms to achieve learning outcomes. Qualitative data were collected from digital media lecturers of a transnational university based in Vietnam and Australia to identify desirable learning outcomes and describe teaching and learning challenges of digital media courses. Through interviews, lecturers also discussed their perceptions of digital RPGs and their level of acceptance in using this educational technology as part of their teaching practice to accomplish learning outcomes. The results highlighted three key desirable learning outcomes: The first learning outcome is students should develop solid understanding of theoretical and foundational design knowledge, enabling effective application of theoretical knowledge to produce creative digital media outputs. The second learning outcome - students should speak the "design language". Students should develop the ability to articulate, critique and explain creative works using appropriate design vocabularies and terminologies, which are used by design practitioners in the industry. The third learning outcome indicated that students should be resourceful and self-sufficient to conceptualise and generate creative ideas. Using Bloom’s taxonomy categories, game characteristics and identified learning outcomes, a conceptual framework was developed for the design and use of digital RPGs to achieve learning outcomes for digital media education. In validating this conceptual framework, a 3d digital role-playing game, Virtual Designer was developed and implemented in classroom environment. A pre/post-test experimental setup was implemented, in which performance gains were measured and compared between control (conventional learning methods) and treatment group (played digital RPG) to determine the learning effectiveness of digital RPGs. Opinion-based survey and focus group interview was also conducted. Based on collected feedback, students find Virtual Designer an effective tool to assess their state of knowledge in different areas of design and apply theoretical knowledge into practical contexts. Students find the game to be an engaging alternative to conventional learning methods, but some have commented the game to be too difficult and at times frustrating to play. Lecturers have also play-tested Virtual Designer and provided favorable views on the overall feasibility of using similar digital RPGs as a teaching and learning tool to sustain students’ interest in learning their subjects – and successfully accomplishing learning outcomes.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
In this dissertation three computational approaches are presented that enable optimization of reference-free transcriptome reconstruction. The first addresses the selection of bona fide reconstructed transcribed fragments (transfrags) from de novo transcriptome assemblies and annotation with a multiple domain co-occurrence framework. We showed that selected transfrags are functionally relevant and represented over 94% of the information derived from annotation by transference. The second approach relates to quality score based RNA-seq sub-sampling and the description of a novel sequence similarity-derived metric for quality assessment of de novo transcriptome assemblies. A detail systematic analysis of the side effects induced by quality score based trimming and or filtering on artefact removal and transcriptome quality is describe. Aggressive trimming produced incomplete reconstructed and missing transfrags. This approach was applied in generating an optimal transcriptome assembly for a South African isolate of V. inaequalis. The third approach deals with the computational partitioning of transfrags assembled from RNA-Seq of mixed host and pathogen reads. We used this strategy to correct a publicly available transcriptome assembly for V. inaequalis (Indian isolate). We binned 50% of the latter to Apple transfrags and identified putative immunity transcript models. Comparative transcriptomic analysis between fungi transfrags from the Indian and South African isolates reveal effectors or transcripts that may be expressed in planta upon morphogenic differentiation. These studies have successfully identified V. inaequalis specific transfrags that can facilitate gene discovery. The unique access to an in-house draft genome assembly allowed us to provide preliminary description of genes that are implicated in pathogenesis. Gene prediction with bona fide transfrags produced 11,692 protein-coding genes. We identified two hydrophobin-like genes and six accessory genes of the melanin biosynthetic pathway that are implicated in the invasive action of the appressorium. The cazyome reveals an impressive repertoire of carbohydrate degrading enzymes and carbohydrate-binding modules amongst which are six polysaccharide lyases, and the largest number of carbohydrate esterases (twenty-eight) known in any fungus sequenced to date

碩士
國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
87
The image compression algorithms using wavelet transform has demonstrated their elegant performance. The wavelet packets present a generalization of the multiresolution analysis and could perform adaptive transform on the whole image. In this thesis we proposed an image coding algorithm using wavelet packet. Besides, the compressed bit stream has the embedded property, which is naturally useful for progressive transmission. The bottom-up best basis selection algorithm based on entropy criterion make our wavelet packet representation always compact. The combination of data reordering and successive approximation quantization with arithmetic coding promise to generate an embedded bit stream. Experiment result shows that our proposed method outperform than well-known wavelet-based coder, such as EZW. For image containing larger high frequency component, our wavelet packet coder could preserve more characteristic of the image than those using wavelet transform.

Title: Effect of bilateral transfer on shooting with the dominant hand in basketball Work Title: Increasing the efficiency of successful shooting from the spot with dominant hand by 14 and 15 years old female basketball players Purpose: The purpose of this work is to show whether it is possible to improve successfulness in shooting from the spot with dominant hand during specialized training focused only on non-dominant hand. First part contains theoretical knowledge related to the asymmetry of hemisphere in human brain, its possible influence on motor skills with upper extremities and technique in determining of laterality. Executed basic shooting exercises for non-dominant hand according to recommended orders found in accessible sources are described in the second part. All exercises were consulted with experts in the field. In this part the executed shooting tests are evaluated and the final conclusion is drawn. Methods: The test was executed on female basketball players aged 14 and 15 years. For the test of laterality standard methods (Test Tapping and Edinburgh Inventory for handedness) were used. To test Shooting from the spot the test created by myself and consulted with specialists was used. Test results were marked in writing to the second part of the work. Conclusion: Results of the test...

W ramach pracy doktorskiej podjęłam zagadnienie aktywności uczelni w procesie transferu wiedzy, które wpisuje się w szeroki nurt badań nad rolą instytucji szkolnictwa wyższego w rozwój miast i regionów. Wraz z upowszechnianiem się paradygmatu gospodarki opartej na wiedzy oraz społeczeństwa informacyjnego, zgodnie z którym wiedza traktowana jest jako podstawowy czynnik rozwojowy, zaś instytucje kreujące wiedzę jako determinujące poziom konkurencyjności i innowacyjności regionów, coraz częściej zadaje się pytanie o czynniki odpowiedzialne za aktywność uczelni w procesy tworzenia i rozpowszechniania wiedzy. Zagadnienie to stanowi przedmiot rozważań teoretycznych przedstawicieli różnych dziedzin nauki (geografii i gospodarki przestrzennej, ekonomii i zarządzania, socjologii i nauk politycznych), ale także szeroko podejmowane jest przez środowisko polityków oraz zarządzających uczelniami. Głównymi celami pracy są: charakterystyka aktywności uczelni województwa mazowieckiego w kontekście procesu transferu wiedzy oraz identyfikacji czynników wpływających na zróżnicowanie tego zjawiska. Te dwa cele o charakterze badawczym uzupełnione zostały o cel metodyczny polegający na opracowaniu koncepcji pomiaru aktywności uczelni w procesie transferu wiedzy. Za obszar badania przyjęłam województwo mazowieckie, które w zakresie szeroko pojętej innowacyjności, potencjału badawczo-rozwojowego i szkolnictwa wyższego jest zdecydowanym liderem wśród innych polskich regionów. Szczegółową analizą objęłam 145 podstawowych jednostek organizacyjnych uczelni zlokalizowanych w województwie mazowieckim, w szczególności w Warszawie. Aktywność uczelni analizowałam na poziomie wyróżnionych siedmiu kanałów transferu wiedzy: (1) działalności edukacyjnej, (2) działalności szkoleniowej, (3) aktywności publikacyjnej, (4) aktywności konferencyjnej, (5) uczestnictwa w sieciach, (6) komercjalizacji praw własności i wdrożeń oraz (7) realizacji badań zleconych i działalności doradczej. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań należy uznać, że zaangażowanie uczelni w proces transferu wiedzy ma charakter wielowymiarowy, jednak dominującą rolę odgrywają kanały związane z tradycyjną misją uczelni (publikacje, konferencje oraz edukacja), nie zaś te związane z komercjalizacją praw własności i wdrożeniami, których rola tak silnie podkreślana jest w debacie publicznej. Ponadto, aktywność uczelni w ramach poszczególnych kanałów transferu wiedzy ma w większości charakter komplementarny, a nie substytucyjny. Do czynników w największym stopniu różnicujących aktywność jednostek w procesie transferu wiedzy można zaliczyć typ uczelni (publiczne/niepubliczne) oraz reprezentowaną dziedzinę nauki. Kluczowe znaczenie dla poziomu aktywności ma także wielkość jednostki, w szczególności zasoby kadrowe, a także potencjał finansowy i infrastrukturalny. Przeprowadzone badania stanowiły dla mnie podstawę do sformułowania rekomendacji dla polityki regionalnej, które odnoszą się do możliwości wykorzystania potencjału naukowo-badawczego uczelni dla rozwoju regionalnego. Ponadto, w rekomendacjach nawiązuję także do zagadnień związanych z dostępnością i jakością danych statystycznych w Polsce opisujących działalność uczelni, traktując te zagadnienia jako priorytetowe w kontekście możliwości rzetelnego i skutecznego planowania i realizowania polityk publicznych.
The dissertation addresses the involvement of universities in the process of knowledge transfer, which fits into the broad research trend on the role of higher education institutions in urban and regional development. With the spread of the paradigm of the knowledge economy and information society, whereby knowledge is regarded as a key factor in development, and institutions create knowledge as a determinant of regional competitiveness and innovation, the question of the factors responsible for the involvement of universities in the processes of creating and disseminating knowledge is being addressed more and more often. This issue is a subject of theoretical contemplation for representatives of different scientific disciplines (geography and spatial planning, economics and management, sociology and political science), but it is also frequently addressed by politicians and university management. The main objectives of the dissertation are to characterize the activity of universities in the Masovian Voivodeship in the context of the process of knowledge transfer and to identify the factors influencing the diversity of this phenomenon. These two research objectives are accompanied by a methodological objective involving the development of a way of measuring the involvement of universities in the process of knowledge transfer. The research area is the Masovian Voivodeship, which, in the broad sense of innovation, research and development potential, and higher education, is the clear leader among Polish regions. The detailed analysis covered 145 basic organizational units of universities located in the Masovian Voivodeship, mostly in Warsaw. The activity of each university was analysed based on seven distinct channels of knowledge transfer: (1) teaching, (2) training (CPD), (3) publishing activity, (4) conference activity, (5) participation in networks, (6) the commercialization of intellectual property and implementations, and (7) the realization of contract research and consultancy. The results of the research show that the involvement of universities in the knowledge transfer process is multidimensional; however, the dominant role is played by channels associated with the traditional mission of universities (publications, conferences and education), rather than those related to the commercialization of intellectual property and implementations, which are emphasized in public debate. In addition, the activity of universities within the individual channels of knowledge transfer is mostly complementary, not substitutive. The most salient factors differentiating between individual universities' activities in the process of knowledge transfer include the type of institution (public/private) and the represented field of study. The size of the university, in particular HR, and the financial and infrastructural potential, are also of key importance for the level of activity. The research constitutes a basis on which to formulate recommendations for regional policies which refer to the possibility of taking advantage of the academic and research potential of universities for regional development. In addition, the recommendations also refer to issues related to the availability and quality of statistical data describing the activities of universities in Poland, and treating these issues as priorities in terms of the fair and effective planning and implementation of public policies.

The aim of this thesis is to observe the possibility of transfer of genetic information from feed, made of wheat with unusual grain colour and wheat with standard grain colour, into the blood of rat test subjects. Out of 64 rats that were tested, 32 were fed with purple grain (Konini variety) and formed the test group. A further 32 rats represented the study's control group and were fed with standard coloured wheat (Bohemia variety). The blood sample was acquired from the test animals. From 12 samples (6 samples from each group) DNA was isolated. Plant DNA was detected in the samples of DNA of rats by PCR using primers amplifying fragments of housekeeping genes specific for DNA of wheat (wheat genes Gapdh and Actin). No DNA fragments of wheat were detected in the blood of the rats. The results show, that there is no transfer of genetic information from the feed through the gastrointestinal tract to the blood of the animal.

This study deals with detection of consumed plant DNA in the bodies of experimental broilers. For 27days, COBB 500 broilers were fed by fodder containing Konini wheat variety with purple pericarp or common Bohemia wheat variety. For the next 15 days, the broilers were switched to monodiet -- the fodder contained only Konini or Bohemia wheat variety. At the end of the experiment, samples of broiler blodd and excrement were taken and DNA was extracted from these samples. The extracted DNA was used as a template for polymerase chain reaction analysis (PCR). The sought-after PCR products were 558 bp and 174 bp long. Wheat DNA fragments were not detected in any of the 12 blood samples. The PCR analysis using DNA isolated from excrement samples could not be accomplished. The likely reason is that the DNA samples contain complex plant polysaccharides that inhibit PCR. The results of this study indicate that the wheat DNA was digested in the digestive system and that fragments of DNA longer that the tested 174 bp did not penetrate through epithelial cells of the digestive system to broiler blood.

Praca przedstawia wyniki projektu badawczego weryfikującego efektywność treningu pamięci roboczej w zakresie transferu specyficznego (aktualizowanie informacji) i niespecyficznego (pamięć robocza i inteligencja). W badaniach uczestniczyło 69 dzieci w wieku 8-10 lat, z których 42 uformowało grupę eksperymentalną poddaną treningowi pamięci roboczej w zakresie aktualizowania informacji (2 zadania oparte na procedurze n-back w wersji "Horyzont" i 2 zadania oparte na procedurze keep track), a 27 - grupę kontrolną uczestniczącą w alternatywnym treningu (rozwiązywania problemów i planowania). Czas trwania treningu to 13 sesji (ok. 40 minut każda). Wyniki sugerują, że trening funkcji aktualizowania informacji może prowadzić do stosunkowo szerokiego zakresu transferu, w tym: a) poprawy trenowanej funkcji; b) poprawy ogólnej sprawności pamięci roboczej; c) poprawy zdolności wiązanych z inteligencją ogólną: - u wszystkich uczestników treningu: w zakresie rozumowania werbalnego i szybkości mentalnej; - u dzieci o stosunkowo niższym początkowym poziomie szacowanych kompetencji: także w zakresie rozumowania niewerbalnego. Wyniki interpretowano w kontekście doniesień badawczych na temat efektów uzyskanych po innych treningach pamięci roboczej. Wnioski odniesiono natomiast do wyników badań korelacyjnych, poddających analizie związki pamięci roboczej z bardziej złożonymi procesami poznawczymi.

Badanie roślinności, w tym monitoring pokrywy roślinnej, jest istotnym problemem badawczym w skali globalnej, regionalnej oraz lokalnej. W badaniu roślinności duże znaczenie ma pozyskiwanie parametrów biofizycznych roślin, co pozwala na określenie stanu roślin, a także prognozowanie plonów. Jednocześnie dane teledetekcyjne umożliwiają wiarygodne pozyskiwanie informacji na dużym terenie w znacznie krótszym czasie, niż w przypadku tradycyjnych metod badawczych. W monitoringu roślinności z wykorzystaniem danych teledetekcyjnych stosowane są dwie metody: statystyczna i modelowanie z wykorzystaniem modeli transferu promieniowania (RTM). Podstawowym celem niniejszych badań jest ocena skuteczności modeli transferu promieniowania do określania stanu szaty roślinnej łąk występujących na terenie Polski. W badaniach przetestowano dwa modele transferu promieniowania służące do modelowania odbicia promieniowania od pojedynczych liści i szaty roślinnej traktowanej jako jednolita pokrywa roślinna, z punktu widzenia poprawności symulowania krzywych odbicia spektralnego. Badania odbywały się na obszarach łąkowych, które, ze względu na duże zróżnicowanie wewnętrzne, są trudne do modelowania. Poza tym zbadano i oceniono istotność czynników wpływających na skuteczność symulowania odbicia spektralnego od zróżnicowanej roślinności łąkowej. Podjęto także próbę oceny przydatności danych symulowanych do obliczania teledetekcyjnych wskaźników roślinności i relacji tak obliczonych wskaźników do ich wartości uzyskanych na podstawie danych z bezpośrednich pomiarów terenowych. Badania miały za zadanie określić, jak dalece modele transferu promieniowania mogą być wykorzystane do pozyskiwania danych o cechach roślinności łąkowej o zróżnicowanej strukturze, występujących na terenie Polski. Modele transferu promieniowania (Radiative Transfer Model – RTM) są modelami fizyczno-matematycznymi, które na podstawie praw fizycznych opisują, co dzieje się z promieniowaniem w atmosferze i kontakcie z pokrywą roślinną. Modele są używane od kilkudziesięciu lat do symulowania odbicia od pokrywy roślinnej, a po wykonaniu inwersji modelu, do badania parametrów biofizycznych. Danymi wejściowymi są zmienne biofizyczne i biometryczne roślin, np. zawartość barwników, LAI, zawartość wody, masy suchej, natomiast wyjściowymi – krzywe odbicia spektralnego. W modelowaniu z użyciem RTM zbiorowiska roślinne lub pojedyncze rośliny opisane są jako homogeniczne warstwy. Modele RTM mogą być używane do symulowania pomiarów spektrometrycznych, a także, po przeprowadzeniu inwersji, do pozyskiwania parametrów biofizycznych z krzywych odbicia spektralnego. Do modelowania odbicia od liści używany jest często model PROSPECT, który został zastosowany w niniejszym badaniach (Jacquemoud i in., 1996). Na ogół jest używany do jednolitych powierzchni, takich jak zboża. Wśród modeli opisujących pokrywę roślinności najbardziej popularny jest SAIL i jego modyfikacje. Model SAIL (Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves) jest jednowymiarowy, pod względem obliczeniowym mało wymagający, z niewielką liczbą parametrów wejściowych (Verhoef, 1984; 1985). Na ogół modele opisujące odbicie na poziomie pokrywy roślinnej łączone są z modelami opisującymi pojedyncze liście. Jednym z najczęstszych połączeń jest kombinacja modelu PROSPECT z SAIL nazywana PROSAIL (Jacquemoud i in., 2009). Dotychczas na terenie Polski modele transferu promieniowania nie były wykorzystywane do badań roślinności łąkowej. Na ogół modele RTM są używane do badania roślinności homogenicznej ze względu na konieczność prostego opisania roślinności. Znaczna część badań z użyciem modeli RTM wykorzystuje jedynie podstawowe badania terenowe wykonywane w trakcie zobrazowania. Użycie do niniejszych badań wyłącznie pomiarów terenowych powoduje bardziej wiarygodną ocenę skuteczności modeli. Zastosowanie w pracy dwóch różnych modeli pozwoliło na określenie ich skuteczności w zależności od poziomu (modelowanie odbicia od liści i od pokrywy roślinnej). Badania zostały przeprowadzone na zróżnicowanych terenach łąkowych o niejednolitej strukturze. Ponadto, żeby obiektywnie ocenić poprawność działania modeli znaczna większość danych wejściowych została obliczona z pomiarów terenowych. Badania przeprowadzono na dwóch obszarach: na obszarze Pogórza Karpackiego (Pogórze Gorlickie) oraz na terenie Równin Środkowopolskich: Mazowsza Północnego w mikroregionie Ziemi Zakroczymsko-Serockiej; Doliny Środkowej Wisły w mikroregionach: Nadzalewowych Tarasów Dęblińsko-Markoskich i Rynny Karczewskiej oraz Mazowsza Środkowego w mikroregionie Równiny Mszczonowskiej (Olędzki, 2007). Przedmiotem badań są zbiorowiska trawiaste – ekstensywnie użytkowane łąki. Łącznie wykonano pomiary na 57 poligonach pomiarowych. W zależności od sposobu użytkowania, a tym samym struktury, wyróżniono łąki uprawiane o dużej biomasie, uprawiane o zredukowanej biomasie (skoszone) oraz nieuprawiane. W modelowaniu odbicia promieniowania od roślinności na poziomie pojedynczych liści wykorzystano model PROSPECT-5. Parametry wejściowe to: parametr opisujący strukturę liści – zwartość warstw liści, zawartość chlorofilu oraz karotenoidów, zawartość materii suchej i masa wody w liściach (Feret i in., 2008). Pomiary terenowe do modelu PROSPECT odbywały się na Pogórzu Karpackim i na Mazowszu na 22 poligonach badawczych w lipcu 2009 oraz w lipcu i sierpniu 2010 roku. Na podstawie pomiarów terenowych obliczono parametry wejściowe do modelu i utworzono dwa zestawy danych. W pierwszym zestawie (PROSPECT-1) utworzono krzywe odbicia spektralnego na podstawie danych obliczonych bezpośrednio z pomiarów terenowych. Ze względu na duże rozbieżności w wielkości odbicia wygenerowano drugi zestaw krzywych (PROSPECT-2), w którym empirycznie dopasowano parametr określający zawartość chlorofilu, karotenoidów oraz zawartość wody. W modelowaniu odbicia od pokrywy roślinnej zastosowano model SAIL, który ma następujące parametry wejściowe opisujące rośliny i glebę: dane spektrometryczne, dane biofizyczne roślin, zmienna opisującą glebę, informacje o geometrii odbicia promieniowania, a także dodatkowe informacje. Pomiary terenowe do modelu PROSAIL odbywały się wyłącznie na terenie Mazowsza na 50 poligonach pomiarowych w lipcu i sierpniu 2010 roku. Podobnie jak w przypadku PROSPECT opracowano dwa zestawy danych wejściowych do modelu PROSAIL: PROSAIL-1 (wartości bezpośrednio obliczone z pomiarów terenowych) i PROSAIL-2 (empirycznie dopasowano te same parametry, co w przypadku PROSPECT-2). Po połączeniu modelu PROSPECT i SAIL wprowadzono dane wejściowe do modelu i uzyskano krzywe odbicia spektralnego. Ostatnim etapem opracowania była weryfikacja uzyskanych krzywych z dwóch modeli przez porównanie z wartościami odbicia zmierzonymi w terenie. Obliczono pierwiastek błędu średniokwadratowego – Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) w przypadku każdej symulowanej krzywej w zakresie 0,4-2,5 µm oraz w czterech jego fragmentach: 0,4-0,6 µm, 0,4-0,8 µm i zakresów w podczerwieni bliskiej (0,8-1,5 µm) oraz średniej (1,5-2,5 µm). Określono wielkości średniego błędu modelowania w zależności od: rodzaju łąk, ilości biomasy świeżej, wartości parametru LAI oraz procentowej zawartości wody. Określono istotność statystyczną różnic. Policzono wartości teledetekcyjnych wskaźników roślinności na charakterystykach spektralnych pobranych w terenie i modelowanych (na podstawie zestawów danych PROSPECT-2 i PROSAIL-2). Porównując modelowanie wykonane na poziomie liści i na poziomie pokrywy roślinnej z wykorzystaniem dwóch modeli, można stwierdzić, że w całym zakresie widma od 0,4 do 2,5 µm lepsze wyniki uzyskuje się z użyciem modelu PROSPECT. Wartości pierwiastka błędu średniokwadratowego w symulacjach wykonywanych z pierwszym zestawem danych (PROSPECT-1 i PROSAIL-1) wzrastają wraz z długością fali. Największe błędy występują w zakresie środkowej podczerwieni, a mniejsze wartości błędu uzyskiwane są w zakresie bliskiej podczerwieni. Znacznie mniejsze błędy w porównaniu z zakresem podczerwonym, występują w zakresach 0,4-0,6 µm i 0,4-0,8 µm. W przedziale od 0,4 do 0,8 µm stwierdza się najmniejsze różnice w modelowaniu wskaźników z wykorzystaniem z jednej strony zestawów danych niezmodyfikowanych (PROSPECT-1 i PROSAIL-1) i z drugiej – zmodyfikowanych (PROSPECT-2 i PROSAIL-2). W przypadku zestawu danych PROSPECT-2 i PROSAIL-2 największe wartości pierwiastka błędu średniokwadratowego w modelowaniu krzywych odbicia spektralnego występują w zakresie bliskiej podczerwieni (0,8-1,5 µm), a najmniejsze w zakresie 0,4-0,6 µm. Niezależnie od modelu w każdym z zakresów widma, w przypadku stosowania zestawu danych zmodyfikowanych (PROSPECT-2 i PROSAIL-2) wielkość pierwiastka błędu średniokwadratowego jest znacznie mniejsza niż w przypadku danych niezmodyfikowanych (PROSPECT-1 i PROSAIL-1). Zestawiono otrzymane wyniki dla pierwszych zestawów danych (PROSPECT-1 i PROSAIL-1). Przeanalizowano skuteczność modelowania w zależności od rodzaju łąki. W zakresach 0,4-0,6 i 0,4-0,8 µm niezależnie od rodzaju uzyskano zbliżone uśrednione wartości pierwiastka błędu średniokwadratowego. W zakresie podczerwieni najmniejsze błędy występują w charakterystykach spektralnych na terenie łąk nieuprawianych, a największe na obszarach łąk uprawianych o zredukowanej biomasie. Jedynie w modelowaniu z użyciem algorytmu PROSAIL w zakresie środkowej podczerwieni (1,5-2,5 µm) różnice były istotne statystycznie. Stwierdzono, że aspekty środowiskowe mają niewielki wpływ na rezultaty modelowania. Poprawność modelowania zależy także od wartości parametrów biofizycznych. Niezależnie od modelu, stosując zestawy danych niemodyfikowanych, stwierdzono tę samą zależność dotyczącą biomasy świeżej. W przypadku klas łąk o większej zawartości biomasy błąd jest mniejszy. Wspomniane różnice są istotne statystycznie. W zakresie podczerwieni mniejsze błędy występują na terenie łąk o większej wartości wskaźnika powierzchni projekcyjnej liści, ale różnice są istotne statystycznie tylko w przypadku modelowania według algorytmu PROSAIL. W przypadku obu modeli – im większa jest zawartość wody, tym większa wartość błędu. W obu modelach różnice są istotne statystycznie. Oceniając skuteczność modelowania odbicia spektralnego z użyciem zestawów danych zmodyfikowanych (PROSPECT-2 i PROSAIL-2), należy stwierdzić, że w porównaniu z zestawami danych niemodyfikowanych różnice między poszczególnymi aspektami modelowania są znacznie mniejsze. Takie same rezultaty, na danych modyfikowanych stosując oba modele, uzyskuje się w przypadku podziału poligonów na trzy rodzaje łąk. Różnice w wartościach pierwiastków błędów średniokwadratowych między poszczególnymi rodzajami łąk są bardzo niewielkie. Oceniając wpływ zawartości poszczególnych substancji w roślinach (biomasy świeżej, LAI i wody) na skuteczność modelowania odpowiedzi spektralnych z wykorzystaniem zmodyfikowanych zestawów danych można stwierdzić, że różnice w modelowaniu między poszczególnymi klasami badanych parametrów są znacznie mniejsze przy tych zestawach danych niż przy zestawach danych niezmodyfikowanych. Zawartość parametrów biofizycznych ma niewielki wpływ w podczerwieni. Większość teledetekcyjnych wskaźników roślinności modelowanych za pomocą obu algorytmów ma wartości zbliżone do wzorcowych. Mniejsze różnice między modelowaną wartością wskaźnika a obliczoną na podstawie pomiarów terenowych uzyskuje się z użyciem modelu PROSPECT. Wyjątkiem jest wskaźnik określający zwartość ligniny (NDLI). Zbliżoną skuteczność niezależnie od modelu uzyskuje się w przypadku wskaźnika zawartości celulozy (CAI). Oba modele dają bardzo dobre wyniki odnośnie do wskaźnika kanału wody (WBI), dość dobre są też wyniki dotyczące znormalizowanego różnicowego wskaźnika zieleni (NDVI). Przeprowadzone badania umożliwiły ocenę zastosowania modeli transferu promieniowania do modelowania odbicia od złożonych środowisk roślinnych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań można stwierdzić, że modele transferu promieniowania mogą być stosowane do symulowania współczynnika odbicia spektralnego w przypadku niejednorodnej roślinności trawiastej. Jednak, aby możliwe było dalsze używanie modeli, konieczne jest wprowadzenie poprawek do danych wejściowych, co znacznie wydłuża proces modelowania. Łąki są na tyle skomplikowanym środowiskiem, że niektóre z parametrów muszą być ustalane lub dopasowywane, a nie mierzone w terenie. Na modelowanie znikomy wpływ ma rodzaj łąki i stopień jej złożoności. Na skuteczność symulacji współczynnika odbicia znacznie bardziej wpływają wartości poszczególnych parametrów biofizycznych. W dalszych badaniach warto wykonać inwersję modelu PROSAIL na podstawie opracowanych danych, aby uzyskać wybrane zmienne biofizyczne z charakterystyk spektralnych. Jest to ułatwione przez opracowanie zakresów danych wejściowych, jakie powinny być stosowane. Można także podjąć próbę modelowania korzystając z danych pozyskanych z pułapu lotniczego i satelitarnego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań ustalono, jakie zakresy parametrów wejściowych do modeli PROSPECT i PROSAIL są optymalne dla tak zróżnicowanego środowiska, jakim są łąki na obszarze Polski. Feret J.-B., Frençois C., Asner G. P., Gitelson A. A., Martin R. E., Bidel L. P. R., Ustin S., le Maire G., Jacquemoud S., 2008, PROSPECT-4 and 5: Advances in the leaf optical properties model separating photosynthetic pigments. Remote Sensing of Environment, nr 112, str. 3030-3043. Jacquemoud S., Ustin S. L., Verdebout J., Schmuck G., Anderoli G., Hosgood B., 1996, Estimating Leaf Biochemistry Using the PROSPECT Leaf Optical Properties Model. Remote Sensing of Environment, nr 56, str. 194-202. Jacquemoud S., Verhoef W., Baret F., Bacour C., Zarco-Tejada P. J., Asner G. P., François H., Ustin S. L., 2009, PROSPECT+SAIL models: A review of use for vegetation characterization. Remote Sensing of Environment, nr 113, str.556–566. Olędzki J. R., 2007, Regiony geograficzne Polski, Teledetekcja Środowiska, nr 38, str. 1-337. Verhoef W., 1984, Light scattering by leaf layers with application to canopy reflectance modeling: The SAIL model. Remote Sensing of Environment, nr 16, str. 125-141. Verhoef W., 1985, Earth observation modeling based on layer scattering matrices. Remote Sensing of Environment, nr 17, str. 165-178.
Vegetation analysis is an important problem in regional and global scale. Because of pollution of environment and changes in the ecosystems plant monitoring is very important. Remote sensing data can be easily used to plant monitoring. That kind of method is much faster and more reliable than traditional approaches. Spectrometry analyses the interaction between radiation and object and it uses measurement of radiation intensity as a function of wavelength. Each object emits and absorbs different quantity of radiation, so it is possible to recognize the object and check its characteristics analyzing the spectrum. The subject of the researches is Polish meadows. The human usage of the meadows determines its proper functioning. Grasslands, which consist of meadows and pastures, cover 10% of Poland. Meadows are mostly extensively used, the crops from meadows, hay and green forage, are very low. The meadows in Poland are floristically and morphologically very diverse. Many factors influence on this ecosystem and that is why the monitoring is very important. The aim of the researches is to study the possibility of use of the Radiative Transfer Models in modeling the state of the heterogeneous vegetation cover of seminatural meadows in Poland. To canopy analysis two approaches are used: statistic and modeling. In statistic approach, biophysical parameters calculated from the image are correlated with reflectance or transmittance from field measurements. In second approach physically based model is used to represent the photon transport inside leaves and canopy. The Radiative Transfer Models are based on the laws of optics. Developing the model results in better understanding of the interaction of light in canopy and leaves. The Radiative Transfer Models are often applied to vegetation modeling. The Radiative Transfer Models are physically based models which describe the interactions of radiation in atmosphere and vegetation. Adjusted models can be used to fast and precise analysis of biophysical parameters of the canopy. The canopy can be described as homogeneous layer consist of leaves and spaces. The Radiative Transfer Models are algorithms which vary by input and output parameters, the level of the analysis, kinds of plants and other modifications. Models are used on two levels: single leaf and whole canopy. The first model, which is used in this research, is PROSPECT, which describes the multidirectional reflectance and diffusion on leaf level. It is often employed with other models that describe whole canopy. The input parameters in the model are: chlorophyll and carotenoid content, Equivalent Water Thickness and dry matter content and also leaf structure parameter that describe the leaf structure and complexity. Second model, which is used in the study, is the canopy reflectance model SAIL (Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves). It simulates the top of the canopy bidirectional reflectance and it describes the canopy structure in a fairly simple way. In this analysis the 4-SAIL model will be used. This version has few input parameters that describe plants and soil: spectrometric data – reflectance and transmittance from leaves (the output parameters form PROSPECT model), biophysical canopy parameters (Leaf Area Index, brown pigment content, mean leaf inclination angle), soil brightness parameter, reflectance geometry (Solar zenith angle, observer zenith angle, relative azimuth angle), ratio of diffuse to total incident radiation and two hot spot size parameters. The SAIL model is often combined with the model on leaf level – the PROSAIL model. The PROSPECT and SAIL are very rarely used to meadows, because this kind of ecosystem is normally rather heterogeneous and modeling is quite difficult. In this study two Radiative Transfer Models (PROSPECT-5 and 4SAIL) were used form modeling the reflectance on leaf and canopy level. In order to acquire the input data to both models model and reference spectrums the field measurements were done. The input parameters were recalculated using fields measurements and put into the models: PROSPECT and PROSAIL. Only one leaf structure parameter was fitted for each polygon individually. The field measurements were done in 2009 and 2010on 57 test polygons, that were located in Carpathian Foothills (near Gorlice) and on the Środkowopolskie Plains. For each model two datasets were calculated: first (PROSECT-1 and PROSAIL-1), where the input parameters were calculated directly from field measurements, and second (PROSPECT-2 and PROSAIL-2), where water, chlorophyll and carotenoid content were modified. Then, the spectral reflectance obtained from model was compared with field measurements. Based on the calculated Root Mean Square Error the simulation was verified. The RMSE values were calculated for whole range from 0,4-2,5 µm and for specific ranges. The correctness of simulated spectra were analyzed dependent on the type of meadows (cultivated meadows with reduced amount of biomass, cultivated meadows with high amount of biomass and not cultivated meadows) and the value of three different biophysical parameters (Leaf Area index, fresh biomass content and water content). Better results were obtained using PROSPECT model than PROSAIL. In the visible light more accurate values were calculated using PROSAIL and in infrared using PROSPECT. Generally bigger errors were noticed in the infrared, especially middle infrared. In the case of the second datasets (PROSPECT-2 and PROSAIL-2) the largest root mean square error was noticed in the near-infrared and the smallest in the range 0.4-0.6 µm. For both models in each range the RMSE was smaller for datasets PROSPECT-2 and PROSAIL-2 compared to the PROSPECT-1 and PROSAIL-1. The effectiveness of simulation reflectance was not influenced by different kind of meadows. The only differences were noticed in infrared, but were not statistically significant. Apart from that, better results were obtained on meadows with higher biomass value, bigger Leaf Area Index and lower water content for both models. The differences in infrared were statistically significant, especially for the PROSPECT-1 and PROSAIL-1 datasets. Most modeled vegetation indices have vales similar to the field measurements. Better results were notice for PROSPECT model. The smallest differences were for Water band index and also Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Generally, the PROSPECT and PROSAIL radiative transfer models can be used to simulate the spectral reflectance of vegetation on heterogeneous meadows. The models can be used to estimate the biophysical parameters, but it is necessary to correct the values of input variables (especially water content). Meadows are very complex environment and some of the parameters should be adjusted. The type of the meadow is irrelevant to the correctness of the simulation, while the effectiveness of simulation is much more influenced by the values of biophysical parameters.

The diploma thesis deals with the relations between cultural and social spheres in rural areas. The thesis aims to propose the methods for transfer of the knowledge in the field of rural development and culture. The theoretical part contains literature review, while the practical part of the thesis presents detailed procedures of the non-formal methods of education. At the same time, the concept of the web portal Happy community is described. Implementation of the proposed tools has been achieved through the use of training methods in an international seminar and through the publication of a web portal. The results of the thesis allow applying these methods to the curricula of the subject of Rural Development at the Mendel University in Brno. The tangible outcome of the thesis is the web portal, where the actors of rural development can find information on cultural events and its organization. If the results of the work will be actively used, there is a presumption of a positive impact on social cohesion within the rural communities.

This PhD. Thesis "The Language of Images (The Image of an Author as a Paratextual Phenomenon in Cultural Transfer)" deals with the teoretical questions of the notion "The Image of an Author" and the way the term is constituted and its conections to a specific cultural space in the frame of cultural transfer. The Image of the Author is interpreted as a paratextual phenomenon which is on the one hand created through review acceptance and medial discurs in the cultural space, and on the other hand has influence on the way the text is accepted by the reader. The question of the image of an author is approached in the context of other paratextual elements, paratexts are from our point of view read as cultural (semantic) units, which participace on semiotic space of culture. The first three chapters form the teoretical basis of the thesis and focus on the theme of cultural transfer and paratexts. The core of the thesis is in its second part which presents four case studies about four different author's types in contemporary Czech literature (Jáchym Topol, Petra Hůlová, Jaroslav Rudiš, Miloš Urban). Each case study analyses the main points of their reception, the speech of the medial discourse and the way of their presentation and self-presentation. A comparison with distinc attributes of reception in...

博士
國立陽明大學
臨床醫學研究所
106
Abstract HIV-1 protease (PR) is encoded by pol, which is initially translated as a Pr160gag-pol polyprotein by a ribosomal frameshift event. PR functions as a homodimer mediating virus maturation following virus budding. Gag-Pol dimerization is believed to trigger embedded PR activation by promoting PR dimer formation. Early PR activation can lead to markedly reduced virus yields due to premature Gag cleavage. Within Gag-Pol, truncated p6gag is replaced by a transframe region (referred to as p6pol or p6*) located directly upstream of PR. The p6* peptide is believed to ensure virus production by preventing early PR maturation. Overlapping reading frames between p6* and p6gag present a challenge to researchers using genetic approaches to studying p6* biological functions. To determine the role of p6* in PR activation without affecting the gag reading frame, we constructed a series of Gag/Gag-Pol expression vectors by duplicating PR with or without p6* between PR pairs, and observed that PR duplication eliminated virus production due to significant Gag cleavage enhancement. This effect was mitigated when p6* was placed between the two PRs. Further, Gag cleavage enhancement was markedly reduced when either one of the two PRs was mutationally inactivated. Additional reduction in Gag cleavage efficiency was noted following the removal of p6* from between the two PRs. Next, we engineered multiple constructs derived from Dp6*PR (an assembly- and processing-competent construct with Pol fused at the inactivated PR C terminus). The data indicated that a p6* deletion adjacent to active PR significantly impaired virus processing. We also observed that the insertion of a leucine zipper (LZ) dimerization motif in the deleted region eliminated virus production in a PR activity dependent manner, suggesting that 8 the LZ insertion triggered premature PR activation by facilitating PR dimer formation. As few as four C-terminal p6* residues remaining at the p6*/PR junction were sufficient to restore virus yields, with a Gag processing profile similar to that of the wild type. To clarify the involvement of C terminal p6* residues in mitigating enhanced LZ-incurred Gag processing, we engineered constructs containing C-terminal p6* residue substitutions with and without a mutation blocking the p6*/PR cleavage site. The p6*-PR cleavage blocking did not significantly reduce the LZ enhancement effect on Gag cleavage when only four amino acid residues were present between the p6* and PR. This suggests that the potent LZ dimerization motif may enhance PR activation by facilitating PR dimer formation, and that PR precursors may trigger sufficient enzymatic activity without breaking off from the PR N-terminus. We also observed that a proline substitution at the P3 position eliminated the ability of p6*-deleted Gag-Pol to mediate virus maturation, thus emphasizing the importance of C-terminal p6* residues to modulating PR activation. Supporting evidence for the assumption that p6* retards PR maturation in the context of virus assembly is lacking. We found that replacing p6* with a leucine zipper peptide abolished virus assembly due to the significant enhancement of Gag cleavage. However, C-terminal p6* tetra-peptides remaining in the deleted region were sufficient for significant PR release, as well as for counteracting leucine zipper incurred premature Gag cleavage. Our data provide evidence that (i) p6* ensures virus assembly by preventing early PR activation and (ii) four C-terminal p6* residues are critical for modulating PR activation. Key words: HIV-1 , virus maturation, protease, ribosomal frameshift, transframe region (p6pol or p6*), leucine zipper (LZ), tetra-peptide

Niniejsza rozprawa doktorska skupia się na zagadnieniu dopasowania fazowego w pamięci kwantowej działającej na zimnej chmurze atomów ^{87}Rb, gdzie jako interfejs między światłem, a atomami wykorzystano nierezonansowe rozpraszanie Ramana. Przedstawione zostały wyniki eksperymentów oraz rozważania na temat sterowania procesem odczytu z pamięci poprzez wykorzystanie efektu Zeemana, ac-Starka, kontrolę geometrii wiązek laserowych, czy też wykorzystanie pierścieniowej wnęki optycznej. W rozdziale 2 wprowadzona jest teoria oddziaływania światła z atomami w trójpoziomowym układzie \Lambda. Analizowana jest wpływ czynników takich jak natężenia wiązek, ich odstrojenia, geometria, czy też gęstość optyczna, na szybkość i wydajność odczytu, a także straty związane z dekoherencją, czy absorpcją światła. Rozdział 3 prezentuje generację fikcyjnego pola magnetycznego za pomocą efektu ac-Starka z rozdzielczością przestrzenną. Za jego pomocą modulowana była przestrzenna faza precesji spinów oscylujących w zewnętrznym polu magnetycznym. Uzyskane w eksperymencie wyniki pokazują, że kontrola przestrzennej fazy umożliwia niejako włączanie lub wyłączanie odczytu z pamięci kwantowej. Rozdział 4 przedstawia eksperymentalną modulację przestrzennej fazy fal spinowych w pamięci kwantowej przy wykorzystaniu efektu ac-Starka. Zaprezentowana została możliwość kompensacji bezpośrednio na falach spinowych dowolnych aberracji układu obrazującego. Za pomocą pomiarów interferencyjnych na kamerze bliskiego pola oraz bezpośrednich pomiarów na kamerze dalekiego pola została również dokładnie scharakteryzowana praca przestrzennego modulatora fazy fal spinowych. Rozdział 5 pokazuje połączenie pamięci typu GEM z przestrzenną modulacją fazy. Zaprezentowano eksperymentalną realizację spektrometru o bardzo wysokiej rozdzielczości (20 kHz ~ 83 peV ~ 6\times10^{-7}cm^{-1}), dostosowanego do wąskopasmowej emisji atomowej. Przeanalizowana jest również zależność pomiędzy rozdzielczością, szerokością pasma oraz wydajnością spektrometru. Rozdział 6 proponuje możliwą realizację konwertera modów umożliwiającego konwersję fal spinowych przechowywanych w różnych modach przestrzennych naszej pamięci kwantowej na ciąg impulsów wprzęganych do światłowodu jednomodowego. Zaprezentowane są wyniki symulacji numerycznych odczytu z pamięci wewnątrz pierścieniowej wnęki optycznej oraz manipulacja kierunkiem emisji fotonu za pomocą wiązki odczytującej o kontrolowanym kącie padania na chmurę atomową.
This doctoral thesis focuses on the issue of phase matching in a quantum memory operating on a cold cloud of ^{87}Rb atoms, where non-resonant Raman scattering is used as an interface between light and atoms. Experimental results and considerations for controlling the memory readout process by using the Zeeman effect, ac-Stark effect, controlling the laser beam geometry, or using an optical ring cavity are presented. Chapter 2 introduces the theory of the interaction between light and atoms in a three-level \Lambda system. The influence of factors such as beam intensities, beam offsets, beam geometry, or optical density on the readout rate and efficiency, as well as losses due to decoherence, or light absorption are analysed. Chapter 3 presents the generation of a fictitious magnetic field using the ac-Stark effect with spatial resolution. Using it, the spatial precession phase of spins oscillating in an external magnetic field was modulated. The results obtained in the experiment show that the control of the spatial phase allow us to turn on or off the quantum memory readout. Chapter 4 presents the experimental modulation of the spatial phase of spin waves in quantum memory using the ac-Stark effect. The possibility of compensating directly on the spin waves for any aberrations of the imaging system is presented. Using interference measurements on a near-field camera and direct measurements on a far-field camera, the operation of the spatial spin wave phase modulator is also characterised in detail. Chapter 5 shows the combination of a GEM with spatial phase modulation. An experimental implementation of a very high resolution spectrometer (20 kHz ~ 83 peV ~ 6\times10^{-7}cm^{-1}) adapted to narrowband atomic emission is presented. The relationship between resolution, bandwidth and spectrometer efficiency is also analysed. Chapter 6 proposes a possible implementation of a mod converter enabling the conversion of spin waves stored in different spatial modes of our quantum memory onto a sequence of pulses coupled into a single-mode optical fibre. Results of numerical simulations of the memory readout inside an annular optical cavity are presented, as well as the manipulation of the photon emission direction using a readout beam with a controlled angle of incidence on the atomic cloud.

This thesis uses archive materials to map the post-war situation of German population in a Czechoslovak district of Teplice-Šanov. Before the war, the German population made for more than 70% of the total population of this borderline area. In 1947 it was only about 7%. In the first months after the end of the war, 27,000 - 34,000 of German nationals were banished from the area. In the following transfers 29,487 were forced out between February and August of 1946. More Germans continued to leave the country after the regular transfers in additional transports up until 1950. Only some specific groups of German speaking inhabitants were permitted to stay in Czechoslovakia - antifascists, Austrians, German experts, people living in mixed marriages, some of the German clergy, and those who were pardoned. In Teplice-Šanov it was a considerably large group of specialists (especially in the field of mining) who remained. The issue of repopulating the regions affected by the expulsion of Germans is also addressed. Settlers from inland, other borderline areas, Slovakia and from abroad came to the Teplice-Šanov district. The total number of newcomers in May 1947 was 47,402. This thesis uses an actual example of one district to illustrate the complexity of post-war situation. The analysis of the stance of...

The aim of the work was find methods of rearing orphans. In the practical part, which is composed of interviews with bigger breeds and an evaluation of the results of the questionnaire, which was focused on smaller breeders, I found that in big breeds orphans almost absent, and if so, it does not happen, that they would have died. In smaller breeders orphans is more frequent, but the deaths of orphans is around 6%. Stud farms are better prepared for the possibility of orphans, they have in reserve frozen colostrum and they have the better possibility socialize foal in a group, which small breeders usually do not have this possibility. Orphans are of-ten used as standard like their peers and special considerations are not apply to them. However, these foals are affected after the social and often with them wor-sened handling. They often more identify with human, than horse species.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Johannesburg, 2014
Southern African pyrethroid resistant and insecticide susceptible laboratory colonies of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus were investigated to further understand the phenotypic expression of pyrethroid resistance and to establish at which life stage resistance was selected. Pyrethroid resistance levels of larvae and adults were assessed at the larval and adult life stages using WHO larval and CDC bottle bioassays. Subsequent resistance levels were then assessed following targeted selections at each life stage. Tests for an association between cuticle thickness and pyrethroid resistance were based on cuticle thickness measurements using scanning electron microscope imaging of prepared tissue sections. It is concluded that pyrethroid resistance in southern African An. funestus is only expressed in the adult life stage, and that selection for this phenotype can only be achieved by exposing adults. It also concluded that pyrethroid tolerant or resistant females are likely to have thicker cuticles than less tolerant or susceptible females.

碩士
國立陽明大學
公共衛生研究所
93
The maturation of human immunodeficiency virus particles mediated by viral protease (PR) is not required for virus assembly but is essential for viral infectivity. The PR is encoded by the pol gene, which partially overlaps with the gag open reading frame and is translated as a Gag-Pol polyprotein precursor. Within the Gag-Pol, the C-terminal Gag cleavage product p6gag is truncated and replaced by a transframe peptide referred to as p6* or p6pol. The p6* separates the Gag nucleocapsid (NC) domain from PR. Removal of the p6* can improve HIV Gag processing in vitro, suggesting that the p6* is involved in the regulation of protease activation. To investigate the contribution of p6* to virus particle maturation, a series of Gag-Pol constructs with various mutations in the p6* was engineered. Effects of the p6* mutations on virus particle assembly and processing were analyzed by coexpressing each of the p6* mutants with an HIV-1 Gag precursor expression plasmid in 293T cells. Analysis indicated that the deletion mutations in p6* markedly affect virus infectivity although Western blot analyses suggested that the deletion mutations have no significant effects on the PR-mediated Gag processing. However, negative effects of the p6*-deletion mutations on PR-mediated virus particle processing were readily observed when the upstream gag coding sequence had been deleted or an intact C-terminal p6gag was present. Consistent with the previous reports, mutations blocking p6*/PR cleavage significantly affected PR activity. These results suggest that the presence of p6* is required during the process of PR activation; however, the p6* needs to be removed eventually in order to obtain a fully functional PR.

碩士
國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
93
We propose an efficient hardware architecture for Inverse Quantization/Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (IQ/IDCT) in H.264/AVC. Our design supports bypass mode for skipping blocks with zero transformed coefficients. We integrate Run Level Decoding (RLD) into our IQ/IDCT to reduce memory bandwidth. We have integrated the hardware IQ/IDCT into an H.264/AVC main profile decoder in FPGA prototype.

Title of the thesis Post-communist Hungary as an opportunity: from the transfer of urban intervention models by the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations to its abortion, the case of Ferencváros district in Budapest (1988-2014). Abstract In a context of regime change this study offers to focus on the process by which the French institution, the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, started the diffusion of urban intervention models and then aborted it. The analysis based on networks of actors formed locally in Hungary, attempts to describe the logics of actions constituting of this transfer at different scales: local, national and transnational. Treating this subject post-festum drove the study towards an ethnographic and historic approach, focusing on the analysis of actors' discourses in order to raise different narratives of the past actions. The fall of communism is here understood as a period of uncertainty and its successive redefinitions by politicians are still structuring the actual Hungarian political and economic issues. More than a simple rupture, this period is characterized by a power struggle in the discourses for the justification of different interest groups' actions. Thus, this event is first and foremost an opportunity. In short, the study of tangible aspects of the transnational influence...