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Kadir, Karim. "La transformation de l'espace urbain au prisme de la notion de durabilité". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30102/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the implementation of the notion of sustainable development in urban areas and the relevance of its application in urban planning. On the basis of a comparative observation of two case studies, Nimes (France) and Sherbrook (Quebec, Canada), the research analyses how the local actors appropriate the concept of sustainable development, its integration in the process of urban planning, and its translation in sustainable urban project. Even if the national and international guidelines and regulations developed in recent years, purse the integration of the notion of sustainable development into urban planning, its appropriation and translation into concrete operational projects at the local level is still limited.This research shows that the adoption of the concept of sustainable development by local actors is largely provoked by the injunction of the international protocols, national laws and regulations. This process implies the local adoption of a new set of procedures, engineering, resources and expertise. Yet the strategies that are developed at national level are often incompatible with the local realities. Therefore, the thesis questions the ability of the concept of sustainable development to achieve the expected goals and its relevance as a major concept in urban development
Yeckting, Vilela Fabiola. "Mineralizar la vida. Antropología histórica del ambiente, los conflictos sociales y el desarrollo en las Américas : el caso del proyecto minero Las Bambas en el territorio sur andino del Perú (2004-2018)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0037.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe perspective of mining conflicts and development processes in this research is that the protagonists are not static, but have both historical density and dramatic changes that happen in two dimensions; in the short term, at the current moment in which the events occur; and, in the long term, namely, of long and medium duration through time, which helps to configure historical cycles and processes. A nearness to the subject has been sought through an analysis of cases by historical layers, early modernity from the 18th to the 19th centuries; and, later neoliberal development of the 20th and 21st centuries in the Americas. Next, the 90s context to analyze the emblematic mining conflicts in Peru, till reaching the study case Las Bambas mining project from 2004 to 2018.The main question and aim of this thesis research are to answer: What is the relationship among the environment, mining conflicts and development processes in the country? Based on this principal question, I specify that the discourses on the development models in the country include conceptions of development that are related to the idea of taking advantage of natural resources through investments and their income. So that, therefore, the possibilities of making decisions about nature and promoting ways of production of local populations are limited, just as the institutions guarantee the right to a healthy and balanced environment are weakened.In the third part of the thesis, I make a historical review of the political and territorial transformation processes of the department of Apurímac and Grau and Cotabambas provinces, in order to address how Las Bambas mining project concession is inserted in them. The case study of this thesis is the timeline of Las Bambas project, from which I prove how the environmental and social impacts generated by the exploitation of metals occur between 2004 and 2018 years, in Cotabambas province in Apurimac, Peru. From them on the information collection about the conflict’s dynamics, I show how the environmental issue and territorial transformations keep subordinated or invisible in the proposals, where profitability and economic growth are prioritized in local development.The thesis cast on doubt on the position that mining conflicts are just conditioned by the distribution and administration of the benefits obtained from mining exploitation and production. In it, I show that the conditions that support the operation of mining projects are connected to the deterioration, depletion, and fragmentation of access to ground, water and air, which permeates "mineralizes", and as well divides social and cultural relationships, and community life, like an extractive condition characteristic in the mining areas where it operates
La perspectiva de los conflictos mineros y los procesos de desarrollo que asume esta tesis supone que los actores no son estáticos sino que están dotados de una densidad histórica en la medida en que experimentan cambios drásticos que se manifiestan en dos dimensiones. A corto plazo, en el momento preciso en que ocurren los hechos; y largo plazo, es decir, mediano y largo plazo en el tiempo, lo que ayuda a configurar ciclos y procesos históricos. Busqué abordar el tema a través del análisis de casos y capas históricas: la modernidad inicial de los siglos XVIII y XIX; luego, el desarrollismo del énfasis extractivista de los siglos XX y XXI en las Américas. Luego, el contexto de la década de 1990 para analizar los conflictos mineros emblemáticos del Perú, hasta llegar al caso de estudio del proyecto minero Las Bambas de 2004 a 2018.La pregunta y objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es: ¿cuál es la relación entre medio ambiente, conflictos mineros y procesos de desarrollo en el Perú? Partiendo de esta cuestión central, puntualizo que los discursos sobre los modelos de desarrollo en el Perú incorporan concepciones de desarrollo que se relacionan con la idea de aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales a través de inversiones y su renta, de manera subordinada a la actividad minera –que se convierte en discurso y una práctica oficial en el marco de una nueva dinámica productiva. Los significados de medio ambiente se relacionan con su capacidad para subsidiar los procesos de desarrollo minero, por lo que se limitan las posibilidades de toma de decisiones sobre la naturaleza e implementación de los modos productivos locales; así como se debilitan las instituciones que garantizan el derecho a un medio ambiente sano y equilibrado.Esta tesis propone retomar la trayectoria histórica de los procesos de transformación política y territorial del departamento de Apurímac y las provincias de Grau y Cotabambas, para luego abordar la forma en que se encuadra en ella la concesión del proyecto minero Las Bambas. El caso de estudio de esta tesis es una cronología del proyecto Las Bambas, a partir del cual muestro cómo se manifiestan los impactos ambientales y sociales provocados por la explotación de metales entre los años 2004 y 2018 en la provincia de Cotabambas en Apurímac, y en el Perú. A partir de la información recabada sobre la dinámica del conflicto, muestro cómo el tema ambiental y las transformaciones territoriales quedan subordinados o invisibilizados en las propuestas, que priorizan la rentabilidad y el crecimiento económico en el desarrollo local.La tesis cuestiona la idea de que los conflictos mineros sólo están condicionados por la distribución y gestión de los beneficios derivados de la explotación y producción minera. Muestra que las condiciones favorables para el funcionamiento de los proyectos mineros están vinculadas a la degradación, agotamiento y fragmentación del acceso a la tierra, el agua y el aire, que “mineralizan” y escinden las relaciones sociales, culturales y la vida comunitaria, como característica de la condición extractiva en las regiones mineras
Warnaars, Ximena. "Territorial transformation in El Pangui, Ecuador". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/territorial-transformation-in-el-pangui-ecuador(61307233-6f61-461a-891c-d43366071b63).html.
Pełny tekst źródłaCanziani, José. "Architecture, urbanism, and territorial transformations of the paracas period in the Valley of Chincha". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113549.
Pełny tekst źródłaA propósito de las interrogantes que envuelven hasta hoy la indefinición de la formación social Paracas, se considera que el análisis de la arquitectura, el urbanismo y las transformaciones territoriales asumen un rol fundamental para proponer hipótesis y aproximarnos al conocimiento de sus posibles características. A diferencia de otros valles de la costa sur, en el valle de Chincha, se encuentran consistentes expresiones de arquitectura monumental, de organización urbana y de transformaciones territoriales, que —en conjunto— adquieren un carácter excepcional en el espacio regional paracas. Esta condición especial del valle nos ofrece un escenario único, que permite construir inferencias cruciales acerca de los niveles del desarrollo económico y social que habría alcanzado esta sociedad.Sin embargo, este panorama contrasta con el escaso avance de las investigaciones arqueológicas desarrolladas en el valle. Este aspecto nos plantea la paradoja de mantener un marcado vacío de conocimientos precisamente allí, en el lugar que constituyó un aparente espacio nuclear de la articulación social y cultural de lo que definimos como Paracas. En este artículo, me propongo hacer una revisión y una discusión crítica de esta temática, a partir de los trabajos que desarrollamos anteriormente sobre el manejo territorial, el urbanismo y la arquitectura paracas en el valle de Chincha.
Gauthierot, Murielle. "Aménagement territorial et transformation sociale : l'entreprise Beauport à la Guadeloupe". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis is about regional development and society change in guadeloupe. The special organization of Guadeloupe insular territory and society change are possible thanks to beauport firm which used to produce brut cane sugar from 1813 to 1990. Colonial authority gives this economic role to archipel of guadeloupe when colonial power appropriates all islands. Thesis'approach is a graphic experimentation on Beauport firm has been chosedin order to analyze guadeloupe entry in globalization and the way to color prejuged social and spatial organization over skin color. Sugar habitation called beauport becomes industrial plantation systemis. Both are the substance of thesis in order to understand opening all around the world. Caribean is avant-garde construction inside globalization
Bonin, Nelson José Zampier. "Transformações territoriais em Macaé decorrentes das atividades petrolíferas". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9236.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research aims to investigate the implications of oil activity in Macaé-RJ. The installation of companies and job creation modified the population dynamics of the city and region, attracting migrants and increasing urbanization and its orientation. The financial increase in the municipal budget from oil activities restructured the economy, which was formerly based on sugarcane activities, agriculture, fishing, trade, into industrial activities and services, trade, business tourism, etc. These changes have made the city dependent on the oil activity. The changes occurred not only in the district headquarters of Macaé, but also in other districts, which had population increase, decrease in agricultural activity, intensification of rural-urban relationship, etc. The tourism potential of the mountain region of Macaé is great, but little exploited, except in Sana. The research analyzes that capability as a means of strengthening rural activity. This work is presented from literature review and fieldwork. Finally, the dissertation considers that the implications of oil activity in Macaé reached first and intensely the district headquarters, expanding also to other districts and their rural area, causing changes in the agricultural sector towards a new rural or "urbanities in rural"
PILOGALLO, ANGELA. "From multiple Ecosystem Services (ES) to ES Multifunctionality: assessing territorial transformations in spatial planning". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/159489.
Pełny tekst źródłaASSUMMA, VANESSA. "Assessing the Resilience of Socio-Ecological Systems to Shape Scenarios of Territorial Transformation". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2903476.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaad, Lina. "Transformations sociales en banlieue rouge : politiques locales, stratégies résidentielles et inscription territoriale des classes moyennes". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070069.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe red suburbs are a belt of municipalities surrounding Paris that have been conquered by the Communist party from the 20's. For a long time, they have been characterized by social redistribution policies in favour of the working class, especially in the housing field. Since the 70's, the red suburbs have known intense economic and social transformation that destabilized the municipal communism. This thesis deals with the interactions between local housing policies in the red suburbs and residential strategies and territorial integration of middle classes, in a socio-spatial context where they are in minority. Since the 80's, social mix is a main objective of local housing policies in the red suburbs; those municipalities chose to diversify the housing stock, within die social housing stock, but also in developing private houses. The will to attract and stabilize middle classes contends with the necessity of offering dwellings to working classes and destitute populations. This thesis shows that communist municipalities still distinguish themselves by a strong regulation and by innovative practices in the housing policies field. The field survey with middle classes in two municipalities (Bagnolet, Saint-Denis) allows to moderate the role of economic constraints in their residential strategies : settling in the red suburbs give them opportunities to satisfy their aspirations about the dwelling but also about the residential neigbourhood Furthermore, some households show a preference for working class districts, and have a positive attitude towards social mix. In some cases this goes with personal commitment in direction of destitut populations. Some others are more reserved towards social mix, and use territorial conquest strategies, or choose to leave the red suburbs in direction of more wealthy districts. We analyze the functioning of local anchorage and of die attitude towards social mix of middle classes, in relation with their social and residential trajectories
Villagómez, Velázquez Yanga. "Gestion sociale de l'eau, transformation agraire et intégration territoriale dans l'isthme de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca". Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20084.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe administration of collective resources, among which can be counted water, rises some problems whose complexity usually passes unnoticed by specialists of the matter. As a matter of fact, it passes unnoticed in so far as models proposed by these specialists, in order to optimise the use of water, make relative social consequences and agrarian transformations caused by hydro agricultural politics in the Tehuantepec Isthmus, Oaxaca. Hydro agricultural politics in this particular region began in the 1930's, when the first irrigation works were built. Planning works to profit by the waters of the Tehuantepec river were followed by the construction of the Benito Juarez dam and then the Irrigation District N° 19 in the early 60's. This state policy was formed to solve the agricultural deficit in Oaxaca, but in the region, it caused a deep social and political crisis in social organisation by bringing the ingredients that allowed the form of soil property to be altered. It has also contributed to create the breaking off in organisational form of country production introducing a model of productivist company. In the last thirty years, the use of water has been oriented towards exploitation and specialisation of great culture production (sugar cane, rice, sesame, Indian millet and extensive catering), which revealed to be inadequate in an irrigated perimeter because these federal systems were formed to give priority to demand of domestic alimentary products. This transformation of local economy, consequence of introduction of irrigation, lead to the creation of a market of soils, their seizing and concentration of property. From a social point of view, producers concerned by the phenomenon have began to organise a political movement as a reaction to this privatisation
Zaza, Ornella. "Horizons urbains en expérimentation : discours et pratiques d’une collectivité territoriale face au numérique". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100003.
Pełny tekst źródłaAre digital technologies reshaping the way local governments plan the city? By recomposing an archaeology of the so-called “digital revolution” through its actors, utopias and ideologies, a consensus seems to emerge today around the project of “smart city”: by the concept of “co-construction”, citizen participation and public-private cooperation overlap. The conjunction of the use of new technologies (constantly evolving and mostly designed by private actors) and the consideration of citizens (coming from the public ideology on which French public action has been built in history) brings out the “paradigm of experimentation”, to which the public actor is increasingly appealing. This paradigm unfolds through a series of devices that are analysed by three topos in anthropology: the experimentation of new digital solutions, which ritualizes the interactions between actors around the design of digital “sur-objects”; the experimentation of public policies, which generates a permanent rehabilitation of public action", between "archaism" and “modernity”, because of the emergence of “online agora”; urban experimentation, which attempts to organize the material and immaterial narratives of urban transformation by setting up digital “demonstrators”. Based on an ethnography within Paris City Hall, the thesis shows that through experimentation public actors seeks to “publicize” logics and tools coming from the private domain, landing however to the same operational objective: to produce urban horizons, whose discourses and practices continually cross the border between public and private domains
Bognon, Sabine. "Les transformations de l'approvisionnement alimentaire dans la métropole parisienne : trajectoire socio-écologique et construction de proximités". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010578.
Pełny tekst źródłaCities are not meant to produce their own livelihood, and so, they are an interesting starting point to the study of the food system. Based on a threefold theoretical framework – territorial ecology, socio-ecological paths and transitions, and proximity strategies – this thesis aims at a multidisciplinary analysis attesting how the food system has been evolving inside the Paris metropolis. The thesis gives a detailed account of the food supply’s socio-ecological trajectory, from the end of the Ancien Régime to the present day. The 2010-2011 turning point settles new initiatives aiming at proximity foodsheds – which had hitherto been ignored altogether or considered marginal and minor. Reterritorialization of the supply is the result of social constructions of geographical and organized proximities. This work also investigates the policies of three food-system stakeholders (public, community and private) regarding an impending transition in the socio-ecological pathway that would imply a merger between production and consumption foodsheds
LISSANDRELLO, ENZA. "The utopia of Cross-Corder Regions : territorial transformation and Cross-Border Governance on Espace Mont-Blanc". Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278513.
Pełny tekst źródłaPlacet, Antoine. "Les enjeux de la transformation de la figure du dirigeant territorial pour la gestion des collectivités territoriales". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS034S.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the first decentralization laws, local public action has undergone profound changes that have made local authorities the cornerstones of local public management in France. Different institutional innovations have considerably modified the job’s environment of the « territorial executive ». This research aims to study the transformation of « territorial executive » profession and figure and is based on the results of a questionnaire survey, a case study and a phase of member checking. The main findings of the research include a description of the transformations of the « territorial executive » figure » and its implications including management of local public organizations generally
Artioli, Francesca. "L’armée, les villes, l’État : restructurations militaires et politiques urbaines : les transformations de l’intégration territoriale en France et en Italie". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0054.
Pełny tekst źródłaIssues regarding public policies and territorial differentiation have risen as a result of three contemporary phenomena: sectorial structural adjustments and their corresponding territorial impacts; the rescaling of political authority; and the emergence of a variety of local governance models. This dissertation analyses the evolution of six cities, historically modelled by national defence policy, in light of recent defence policy reforms and the rise in local government competencies. The scope of the analysis covers six cities, three in France and three in Italy. The dissertation demonstrates the need to analyse locally-specific forms of national and local public intervention; and their reciprocal interactions; in order to understand urban and social evolutions. It develops a framework inspired by historical sociology of the State that conceptualizes the links between public policy and territorial structuring and integration. On one hand, territorial retrenchment of national defence policy varies accross cities, as a result of negotiations between central defence and financial administrations, and increasing local government lobbying of the central State. On the other hand, it illustrates the varying degrees to which local governments are capable of organising and managing public intervention; and can transform spaces which are historically structured by the State. This capacity hinges upon the nature of urban political agendas; the existing means of institutionalised collective action; as well as upon the ways in which the State operates in cities. The dissertation helps redefine central/local relations in the context of decentralization and budgetary constraints
Bangun, Sri Karina. "Développement territoriale [sic] et mutation foncière : une approche spatiale dans la région de Barito Kuala (Kalimantan du Sud, Indonésie)". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS005/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarito Kuala, a district in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, is located along the coast of the great river Barito, with an average width of 500 m and a length of about 900 km. Its proximity to the river has rendered its terrestrial landscape rich and fertile, with large areas of idle forest wetlands. These opportune conditions led the Government of Indonesia, since 1969, to implement transmigratory policies toward the district of Barito Kuala and earmarked it for various agricultural developments. As a result, in 2014, Barito Kuala became the largest rice producer in South Kalimantan, with 53% of its land area utilized as rice fields. The remaining areas are allocated for plantations (22%), followed by reeds (13%), housing (4%), forest (2%) and others (6%), including pond and rivers. The present land allocation in Barito Kuala is in stark contrast with satellite images taken in 1973, which clearly shows that most of its area was forest covered (64%) followed by rice field (26%), plantation (4%), and others (10%, including reeds and rivers). These facts indicate that land use changes occurred very quickly in Barito Kuala, especially with regards to forest and plantation areas. These major changes in land uses have triggered major shifts in land tenure, including land use rights. This situation is further complicated by the rapid development of a new metropolitan city of Banjar Bakula, established since 2012, which includes a part of Barito Kuala in its metropolitan zone. The emergence of land markets has also affected the form and pace of urbanization, including land transformations and land structures. It is interesting to consider the case of Barito Kuala; the transformation of a wetland-rural area into a sprawling and spectacular urban zone rife with land tenure issues
Jossou, Markolf. "Coproduction de la résilience territoriale et Services d'incendie et de secours (SIS) : une lecture par les compétences et le système d'acteurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0415.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis studies the mechanisms that generate territorial resilience potentials (TRP) for a better management of disaster risks (natural, technological, health, etc.) while questioning the role of SIS in this framework. As knowledge is a key source of resilience, we focus our reflections on the key competences and processes that constitute these mechanisms. The research is conducted in two phases. The first phase, exploratory, allows us to lay the foundations (e.g. analytical framework) to investigate different fields of study in the second phase. The latter allows for a testing of the first results through four comparative case studies with explanatory purposes (Wynn and Williams, 2012; Avenier and Thomas, 2015). The results show that co-producing the TRP is a matter of mechanisms that combine three key processes (amalgamation at the macro level, combination/recombination at the meso level, and acculturation to risk at the micro level) and four key competencies (planning, evaluation, creativity/imagination, and relationship skills). The combination of processes and key competencies promotes two major resilience mechanisms: reliability and transformation. In addition, the clarification of the ambiguous, inhibiting or favourable role of certain key factors influencing territorial strategies helps to better understand the effects that generate resilience. The SIS have to play a double role of support and structuring of the actors' networks. Our work thus contributes to meeting a triple challenge: characterizing territorial resilience, understanding its generating mechanisms and operationalizing it
Terrisse, Marc. "Les transformations des équipements culturels en milieu urbain: inscription dans un projet de développement territorial, approche pluridisciplinaire et gouvernance locale". Centre for Local Government, 2008. http://clg-cgl.politics-and-society.ca/.
Pełny tekst źródłaPassaro, Alessandro. "Sustainability transformation of agri-food systems: spaces of governance and coordination for territorial scaling. An empirical analysis in Italy". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/340535.
Pełny tekst źródłaDebar, Anne. "Les transformations de l'État territorial (2007-2010), saisies par l'analyse de l'activité des directeurs départementaux en matière de gestion des personnels". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00836500.
Pełny tekst źródłaBersch, Ann-Kathrin. "La transformación de la acción pública - un nuevo paradigma de ordenamiento territorial en el Perú". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119596.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa situación del ordenamiento territorial en Perú parece muy complicada. Varios intentos para simplificar la legislación han fallado. Sin embargo, un marco normativo coherente es indispensable para implementar una estrategia integral de ordenamiento territorial. Por lo tanto, ese artículo considera la cuestión del ordenamiento territorial a través un análisis de política pública, para entender quién tiene el poder de hacer cambios para crear una visión común de ordenamiento territorial en el Perú.El artículo analiza cuales son los obstáculos de ese cambio por ahora para ilustrar porque el cambio no ocurrió (u ocurrió solamente de manera limitada). La primera parte pone de relieve los conflictos entre diferentes niveles de gobierno. La segunda, analiza como los conflictos de intereses de los actores a dentro del gobierno impiden la elaboración de un marco normativo coherente. La última parte trata de la posibilidad de un cambio de paradigma en las políticas peruanas de ordenamiento territorial y de posibles alternativas al modelo actual.
Brunat, Éric. "Émergence régionale et dynamique territoriale : essai sur la transformation des économies de type soviétique à partir des exemples russe et polonais". Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe research is devoted to the economic, political and social transformation of soviet type system. The study is illustrated by the economy of ussr, model of the economic system of priorities -esp-, russia and poland in the recent period of transformation. The regional roots of the final crisis of esp is the main hypothesis. The centralisation, the sectoral and functionnal approach of the territory have generated a regional backwardness in the capacity of producing specific and diversified norms for the dynamics of the economic development. The analysis closely links the notion of economic complexity, the economic development, the territory as an entity producing norms and vector of the economic transformation of the post-soviet economies. The new theories of the local and regional development, the theory of transactiion costs and organization, the meso and micro economic approach, the definition of the local russian economic and social community, the local dynamics for new activities in poland, found a new socio-economic vision of the transitionnal period
Carreto, Bernal Fernando. "El sistema agrario de las haciendas en la cuenca alta del río Lerma, estado de México, un análisis histórico territorial". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119879.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa geografía histórica como método del análisis espacial permite el conocimiento de las relaciones entre tiempo, espacio y sociedad, explicando las transformaciones socioespaciales de los sistemas agrarios en los que intervienen el medio físico, la sociedad y su economía en un determinado territorio.A través de estos referentes se pretende desarrollar una caracterización histórica de los sistemas agrarios de las haciendas en la cuenca alta del río Lerma, estado de México, para explicar el funcionamiento del sistema agrario, los tipos de sistemas de producción territorial, sistemas de cultivo, ganadero y agroforestales, la reproducción de sistemas agroeconómicos y el manejo tecnológico de los recursos involucrados en la producción agrícola. De esta forma ofrecemos elementos sustantivos que permitan entender la evolución histórica de los sistemas agrarios en la cuenca de estudio, para su consideración en la mejor interpretación de su problemática presente y planeación territorial futura.
Litre, Gabriela. "Les gauchos et la mondialisation. Vulnérabilité et adaptation de l'élevage familial dans la dans la Pampa l'Uruguay, l'Argentine et le Brésil". Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030056.
Pełny tekst źródłaGaucho family livestock producers are a special social category in the family agriculure world. They have been traditionally ignored by researchers and decision-makers. Like their livelihoods, the context in which gaúcho family farming takes place – the Pampa biome – is also experiencing deep transformations. In spite of its rich biodiversity, the grasslands of the Pampas have one of the smallest areas of legally protected land in the world and is subject to environmental passives of difficult reversibility. This lack of interest in the Pampas and its family livestock producers has led to the absence of public policies tailored to that sector and the massive exodus of family farmers to the cities. Thus marginalized, and forced to intensify their production through systems such as feedlots, many of them choose to rent or directly sell their land to multinational soybean or eucalypt companies. We have conducted a thematic analysis of 75 semi-structured interviews to family livestock producers [25 per country]. The semi-structured questionnaires aimed at discovering their livelihoods and adaptation strategies. We use the concepts of adaptation, resilience, vulnerability and the double exposure framework as theoretical tools to explain this complex reality. We conclude that gaucho family livestock production is a positive link between employement, production, sustainability and social contention
Buckland-Wright, Alexandra. "Transnational retail in Southeast Asia : transformation and regulation in the national retail markets of Malaysia and Thailand". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/transnational-retail-in-southeast-asia-transformation-and-regulation-in-the-national-retail-markets-of-malaysia-and-thailand(75df32f3-901f-4676-9612-074368e2cc2f).html.
Pełny tekst źródłaMall-Dibiasi, Caroline. "The transformation of Palestinian political activism from the first to the second intifada : a convergence of politics, territory and society". Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4438/.
Pełny tekst źródłaGisclard, Marie. "Le développement rural en Argentine : transformations de l'action publique et recompositions territoriales". Phd thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00574455.
Pełny tekst źródłaLos espacios rurales argentinos enfrentan transformaciones profundas vinculadas a la consolidación del modelo de agricultura empresarial y exportadora. En las regiones extra-pampeanas, sus consecuencias son objeto de controversia, y suelen describirse en términos de deterritorialización y “fragmentación”. En ese contexto, interrogamos los nuevos principios de acción pública de desarrollo rural que conducen a la “territorialización” de la acción pública y al “refuerzo institucional”, con el objetivo de consolidar las capacidades de acción y participación de los actores locales. A partir de experiencias en el Chaco argentino, la tesis se centra en la configuración del campo del desarrollo rural y la articulación entre acción pública y acción colectiva alrededor de innovaciones territoriales e institucionales. Las cuales se interpretan como traducciones locales de los principios de acción pública globalizados en los que participan nuevos actores: técnicos y organizaciones de pequeños productores. La territorialización de la acción pública permite postular la emergencia de un nuevo pacto territorial, entendido como una relación Estado-territorio. La tesis demuestra que ese pacto integra las contradicciones socio-espaciales entre diferentes formas de territorialización de la actividad agropecuaria y conduce a la fragmentación del sector agropecuario en dos referenciales: un referencial de desarrollo rural, basado en la agricultura familiar, y un referencial productivista, basado en la agricultura empresarial
Argentine rural spaces are going through deep changes related to the consolidation of a model based on an exports driven and industrial agriculture. In extra-pampas regions, the consequences of this model are controversial, and are often described as (territorial) disembedding and fragmenting. In this context, we investigate new principles of public action directed towards rural development. These principles lead to the “territorialisation” of public action and “institutional reinforcement”, aiming to consolidate local stakeholders’ participation and capacities. Analyzing experiences in the Argentine Chaco, this PhD dissertation focuses on rural development field and its configuration, and how public actions are connected to collective actions to foster territorial and institutional innovations. These innovations are interpreted as local transpositions of internationally diffused public action principles, involving new actors such as development agents and peasant organizations. “Territorialisation” of public action brings forward the question of the emergence of a new territorial pact, understood as a State-territory relation. This PhD dissertation demonstrates that this new pact takes into account the socio-spatial contradictions between different types of agricultural activities’ territorialisation and leads to the fragmentation of agricultural sector into two systems of reference: a frame for rural development, focusing on family farms, and a productivist frame, focusing on agribusiness
Vandenbroucke, Perrine. "Transformation de l’unité de production agricole d’une exploitationsectorielle à une exploitation agricole territoriale. : Exploitations agricoles, agriculteurs et territoires dans les Monts du Lyonnais et en Flandre intérieure de1970 à 2010". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhile the sectoral model of farm system instituted in France in the 1960s is in question, andwhile relationships between farmers and others local stakeholders intensify on land sharing matters, environmental issues, quality and food; this thesis is organized on the working hypothesis of the territorialization of farm system. This suppose that the future of farm systems increasingly lies on interactions between farmers and local stakeholders, which drives to changes of the scenes where are negotiated access to production factors, market positions and agricultural practices. The demonstration lies on the principles of rural geography, sociology and institutional economics in order to analyze the emerging arrangements between farm systems and territories in situations of collective action, public action or conflicts. The thesis consists in a diachronic analysis of links between farmers, farm systems and territories for the period 1970 – 2010 at the scale of two small regions, Monts du Lyonnais and the French part of Flanders region. The differences between a dairy mountainous region and a periurban and agro-industrial region reveal the contrasted patterns of the territorialization of farm systems according to agrarian history and sociopolitical context. It appears from this analysis the role ofidentities for action and political capacities of farmers. Three ideal types of farm systems, distinct in their market position and socio-technical networks, enable us to think about the stakes of their territorialization for public policies
Restrepo, Méndez Margarita Inés [UNESP]. "Transformações territoriais: mulheres camponesas e a expansão do cultivo de palma de óleo em seu território: caso municipio de Marialabaja, Colombia". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151069.
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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as mudanças nas atividades produtivas de mulheres rurais Afro-colombianas devido à expansão em seus territórios do cultivo da palma de óleo. Essa expansão é o resultado da dinâmica global de territorialização do capital nas zonas rurais por meio da compra e acumulação de terras por investidores privados, a fim de instalar grandes monoculturas, projetos de infraestrutura e/ou exploração de minerais, para o qual têm recebido o apoio dos governos nacionais com a reorientação de políticas agrícolas que lhes permitem a intervenção em territórios locais. Os países da América Latina, incluindo a Colômbia, não são isentos dessa dinâmica global. Este país tem aumentado as áreas de cultivo da palma de óleo para fins de exportação durante as últimas duas décadas. Isto levou a uma transformação nos meios de vida das comunidades rurais e étnicas, devido à ocupação física e simbólica de seus territórios, à apropriação dos seus recursos, incluindo terra e água, dos quais essas comunidades obtém seu sustento. Essas transformações são vivenciadas de forma diferente nas mulheres camponesas, devido às relações patriarcais-capitalistas e discriminatórias em que vivem, onde a sua voz e reconhecimento tanto no produtivo quanto no reprodutivo é invisível, da mesma maneira que os seus direitos sobre a propriedade dos ativos produtivos. Situações que as levam a uma maior condição de vulnerabilidade, empobrecimento e dependência. Este estudo foi realizado no município de Maríalabaja, cidade localizada no norte da Colômbia. Este município era produtor de uma grande quantidade e variedade de alimentos antes de 1998, quando se começou a instalar o cultivo da palma de óleo. Além disso, a maioria da sua população autodeclara-se camponesa e tem sido afetada pelo conflito armado interno colombiano. Foi usada uma metodologia qualitativa com o objetivo de descrever as atividades realizadas por mulheres pertencentes a organizações de agricultores, antes e após a instalação cultivo da palma de óleo, analisando as transformações vivenciadas por elas, as formas de resistência e os desafios que enfrentam para permanecer no território.
This study aimed to assess changes in the productive activities of Afro Colombian rural women due to the expansion of oil palm plantation in their territories. This expansion is a result of global dynamics of territorialization of capital in rural areas through the purchase and ownership of lands by private investors in order to install large monocrop plantations, infrastructure projects and/or mineral exploration. For which investors have been supported by national governments through the readjustment of agricultural policies that allow them to interfere in local territories. Latin American countries, including Colombia, have not been exempt from global dynamics. This country has increased areas of palm oil plantation to serve exportation purposes during the last two decades, which has led to transformation in the means of living of rural and ethnic communities, due to the physical and symbolic occupation of their territories and the appropriation of their resources, including land and water, from which communities derive their sustenance. These transformations are presented differently on rural women, because of the patriarchal-capitalist and discriminatory societies in which they live, where their voice and recognition to both productive and reproductive aspects are made invisible, as well as their rights to the ownership of the productive assets. Situations that leave them in a more vulnerable condition of impoverishment and dependence. We carried out a qualitative study in the municipality Maríalabaja which is located in Northern Colombia. This town used to produce large quantity and variety of food before 1998 when the setting-up of oil palm plantation started. In addition, the majority of its population considers themselves farmers and has suffered the Colombian internal armed conflict. We aimed to describe the activities carried out by women belonging to farmers' organizations before and after the setting-up of oil palm plantation, and to assess transformations experienced by them in their means of living, ways of resistance and challenges they currently face to remain in the territory.
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las transformaciones en las actividades productivas de mujeres campesinas por la expansión del cultivo de palma de aceite en sus territorios. Dicha expansión es debida a las dinámicas globales de la territorialización del capital en las áreas rurales mediante la compra y acaparamientos de tierras por parte de inversores privados, con el fin de instalar grandes plantaciones de monocultivos, proyectos de infraestructura y/o exploraciones de minerales, para lo cual han contado con el apoyo de los gobiernos nacionales, mediante la reorientación de las políticas públicas agrarias que les permitan la intervención en los territorios locales. Los países latinoamericanos no han estado exentos de éstas dinámicas globales, entre ellos Colombia, el cual ha incrementado las áreas de cultivo de la palma de aceite con fines exportables durante el presente siglo, generando transformaciones en los medios de vidas de las comunidades rurales, campesinas y étnicas, por la ocupación material y simbólica de sus territorios, por la apropiación de sus recursos, entre ellos la tierra y el agua, de los cuales las comunidades derivan el sustento. Estas transformaciones se presentan de manera diferenciada en las mujeres campesinas, por las relaciones patriarcales-capitalistas y discriminatorias en las que viven, en donde su voz y reconocimiento tanto en lo productivo como reproductivo es invisibilizado, al igual que sus derechos en la propiedad de los activos productivos. Situaciones que llevan a empobrecerlas, siendo menos autónomas y más dependientes y vulnerables. Para la presente investigación se recurre a la metodología cualitativa, tomando como estudio de caso el municipio de Maríalabaja, ubicado al norte de Colombia, el cual era productor de gran cantidad y variedad de alimentos antes de 1998 cuando comenzó la instalación del cultivo de palma de aceite, y además caracterizado porque la mayoría de su población ha sufrido el conflicto armado interno colombiano. La investigación pretendió conocer las actividades productivas desarrolladas por las mujeres que pertenecen a organizaciones campesinas antes y después de la instalación del cultivo, analizando las transformaciones vivenciadas por ellas, las formas de resistencia y los desafíos que enfrentan para permanecer en el territorio.
Vandenbroucke, Perrine. "Transformation de l'unité de production agricole : d'une exploitation sectorielle à une exploitation agricole territoriale. Exploitations agricoles, agriculteurs et territoires dans les Monts du Lyonnais et en Flandre intérieure de 1970 à 2010". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841572.
Pełny tekst źródłaBueno, Ambrosini Larissa. "Les apports du management au développement rural : les cas des produits alimentaires de montagne". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOE010/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study is about the valorisation of food products from the mountain areas. The mountains are represented often as a savage nature. However, under the economic plan, the mountains are considered as less favoured areas. The main mountain areas has still a strong agrarian character, therefore the add value of their food offer could consist in alternative to improve the income of the mountain farmers and food enterprises. The highlighting of some characteristics which can to differentiate their food products in the market could to help the improvement of this economic segment of the mountain areas. The background of our study is a contemporary theme, the rural development, a topic on which management science are still not mobilized, then we estimated that they could contribute significantly. So we resorted to major authors in the field of management science such as Simon, Lancaster, Chandler and Porter. We also looked for concepts and author in the economic field trying to establish a dialogue to our research problem and doing a managerial reading of proposed concepts. We conduct our research on two axes. The first concerns the perceptions and expectations of consumers towards the supply of mountain food products. The second focus is on the food enterprises based in mountains, their structures, marketing strategies and their relationship with the territory of implantation. First we studied the farmer enterprises located in Lozère, France, and supported by the European Programme Leader. On the other hand, we have also studied the business of bottling water based in the mountains
SAGANEITI, LUCIA. "Monitoring and modeling urban sprinkling: a new perspective of land take". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/146670.
Pełny tekst źródłaGrosso, Susana. "Les agronomes de terrain face à une nouvelle agriculture pampéenne : stratégies pour la reterritorialisation des connaissances agronomiques". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681187.
Pełny tekst źródłaDesveaux, Gentiane. "Démarches paysagères participatives : hybrider les logiques paysagères et territoriales pour appuyer la territorialisation : une enquête pragmatique sur les transformations institutionnelles et sociales dans les Parcs Naturels Régionaux de Rhône-Alpes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH012.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with landscape innovation within and by the Regional Natural Parks in the Rhône-Alpes region (France). Landscape is captured as a materiality under construction negotiated along interaction processes between individuals engaged in distinct action logics. The research underlines how Regional Natural Parks’ staff invent imaginative ways to hybridize two of these action regimes (a territorial logic and a landscape one) using participatory landscape procedures. This dynamic tends to favor the territorial anchorage of the new groupings of municipalities. The originality of the thesis emerges from the adopted pragmatic posture: participatory landscape procedures are analyzed along with their own experimentation. They take on the form of an inquiry as defined by Jown Dewey, transforming worlds as well as investigators at the same time
Bourque, Denis. "Partenariat territorial et transformation des services et du système sociosanitaires au Québec /". 2002. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=765990431&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Pełny tekst źródłaChaouachi, Mohamed Mehdi. "Justification de l'ancrage territorial des firmes de transformation alimentaire au Québec selon les logiques du modèle d'affaires". Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2032/1/M10842.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBondel, Conrado Santiago. "Transformaciones territoriales y análisis geográfico en ámbitos patagónicos de montaña". Tesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10915/3094.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study of the territorial transformations in this part of the South of the country is especially due to two different kinds of circumstances. The first one is linked with geographical research and its potential significance in theory and practice within academic and professional contexts interested in understanding the features of human settlements in areas subject to important changes. The second one responds to the uncertain development of the Patagonian mountain 'regions' (comarcas andino patagónicas) faced with events, proposals and projects referred to matters of decisive regional treads. It is about territories which are taking full shape for identity where doubtfulness and confusion are frequent, even from their historic and literary perspectives by which regional roots, normally, are likely to be consolidated. In the late 90', and in accordance with the own adjustments of the new world order, local re-accommodations registered as modalities that require a deep revision can be observed. Post-modern modalities that can be identify as spaces of consumption. It is the cultural condition which stamps new spatial structures with strong emotional projections deeply rooted in symbolism and aesthetic, and where transformations happen to be from a deep meaning for Nature. At this particular point, hypothetic considerations in search for reasons are made with regard to values that are concern with Patagonian Andes mountains. Those which give singular pre-eminence to emotional and affectionate aspects above the economical ones, despite the fact that tourism as the main vector of transformation, and within its environment conflicted situations become intermingled. This is the direction of the analysis that expects to clarify doubts from the production of geographic knowledge on closer examination at reality. Phenomena such as dispersion, neo-rural areas and space fragmentation are shown to be as the most visible results concerning the landscape matter. Therefore, we are faced with a difficult and complex framework. A contribution to theoretical Geography concerned about mountain areas, as well as its projection towards a regional geographic explanation and its eventual input to the Planning and Territorial Administration is introduced, together with the systematization of a lot of relevant information involved, and a large amount of empirical work which came from professional coexistence dealt with most of the problems over the years. The territory is analysed as a whole, and an integrated perspective in original scenarios is offered. This can be dealt with by our discipline with a certain possibility to give guidance on a great number of sectorial studies. In fact, they have already been known, particularly, by political requests. The thesis, with the Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42 in the focus of the analysis, went into greater detail about the Patagonian Andes Mountains reality. It identified, systematized and assessed the difficulties concerning the territorial lineage as an explanatory framework.
Lin, Chun-Pu, i 林俊甫. "Corporate Transformation Process and Territorial Factors of Taiwan Enterprises’ Investment in Southeast Asia: A Case Study of Taiwan Electronic Firms in Penang, Malaysia". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43389621681230878946.
Pełny tekst źródła國立臺灣大學
地理環境資源學研究所
89
The first wave of foreign direct investment by Taiwan enterprises started from the late 1980s and early 1990s. Because of low labor cost, the culture proximity to Malaysia Chinese, and the relative enclose of China, Southeast Asia became the targets of overseas investment by the Taiwan enterprises. The overseas investment of electronic industry concentrated mainly in the countries of Malaysia and Thailand, Panang is the most important area of all in Southeast Asia where Taiwan electronic companies are significantly clustered. This research takes the view of Taiwan enterprises, tries to explain the interaction between business transformation and territorial factors. Business transformation means the upgrade of management capabilities to the level of international corporations; it is achieved as the businesses investing abroad, which provide themselves opportunities to interact with foreign firms. Besides they learned to mobilize foreign resources to transform themselves to become transnational firms. In this study was defined the territorial factors as the ”milieu of direct touch with other foreign business” and “Chinese human capital”. The effects of direct touch with other foreign businesses show in several aspects including business environment, manufacturing capability, marketing capability and strategy of spatial division labor. This part of the research examines the OEM role of Taiwan in the global electronic industry, it also analyses how the inter-firm knowledge flows as a result of the transition of production networks. We found that the learning channel and knowledge flow of Taiwan enterprises is generally confined within networks with foreign business, particularly those manufactured components. Because this will provide opportunities for mutual benefit. The territorial factor of Chinese human capital can be from different aspects, including the movement to other Taiwan enterprises, the expatriation with the expansion of Taiwan enterprises and the local spin-off. This research found that the local Chinese human capital play an important role when Taiwan enterprises expanding other overseas sites as expatriate employee. This result has in dramatic impact on the business transformation for the Taiwan electronic firms. Compared with experiences of other foreign businesses in Penang, this research found that there are some differences for Taiwan enterprises in production strategy and impacts on local society. In production strategy, most foreign businesses tend to improve the factors of production by cooperating with the public sectors. But Taiwan enterprises improve the operation environment by themselves and most by the help of collaborative foreign business. In short, the industrial structure of Penang has been changed smoothly. Besides, since the Taiwan enterprises joined established the local industrial networks, Taiwan enterprises have helped in facilitating some local SMEs, such as stamping and plastic injection industries. Strategically speaking, Taiwan enterprises have kept core capability of flexible production by adopting strategies of spatial division of labor or strategic alliances. In conclusion, this research uses cases of Taiwan enterprises’ overseas investment to verify a certain current theories in economic geography. Economic geographers tend to overemphasize the “socio-culture” perspective in discussing the development of industrial territory. In the case of Taiwan enterprises, it is too simplified to rely on this single perspective. To take into accounted the specialized in role of Taiwan electronic business in the global market and the equipment manufacturers, the local industrial structure of overseas production site are necessary understand the development pathway of the industrial territory and the nature of capital of the late comer countries.
Restrepo, Méndez Margarita Inés. "Transformações territoriais : mulheres camponesas e a expansão do cultivo de palma de óleo em seu território: caso municipio de Marialabaja, Colombia /". 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151069.
Pełny tekst źródłaResumen: La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las transformaciones en las actividades productivas de mujeres campesinas por la expansión del cultivo de palma de aceite en sus territorios. Dicha expansión es debida a las dinámicas globales de la territorialización del capital en las áreas rurales mediante la compra y acaparamientos de tierras por parte de inversores privados, con el fin de instalar grandes plantaciones de monocultivos, proyectos de infraestructura y/o exploraciones de minerales, para lo cual han contado con el apoyo de los gobiernos nacionales, mediante la reorientación de las políticas públicas agrarias que les permitan la intervención en los territorios locales. Los países latinoamericanos no han estado exentos de éstas dinámicas globales, entre ellos Colombia, el cual ha incrementado las áreas de cultivo de la palma de aceite con fines exportables durante el presente siglo, generando transformaciones en los medios de vidas de las comunidades rurales, campesinas y étnicas, por la ocupación material y simbólica de sus territorios, por la apropiación de sus recursos, entre ellos la tierra y el agua, de los cuales las comunidades derivan el sustento. Estas transformaciones se presentan de manera diferenciada en las mujeres campesinas, por las relaciones patriarcales-capitalistas y discriminatorias en las que viven, en donde su voz y reconocimiento tanto en lo productivo como reproductivo es invisibilizado, al igual que sus derechos en la propiedad de lo... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo)
Resumo: A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as mudanças nas atividades produtivas de mulheres rurais Afro-colombianas devido à expansão em seus territórios do cultivo da palma de óleo. Essa expansão é o resultado da dinâmica global de territorialização do capital nas zonas rurais por meio da compra e acumulação de terras por investidores privados, a fim de instalar grandes monoculturas, projetos de infraestrutura e/ou exploração de minerais, para o qual têm recebido o apoio dos governos nacionais com a reorientação de políticas agrícolas que lhes permitem a intervenção em territórios locais. Os países da América Latina, incluindo a Colômbia, não são isentos dessa dinâmica global. Este país tem aumentado as áreas de cultivo da palma de óleo para fins de exportação durante as últimas duas décadas. Isto levou a uma transformação nos meios de vida das comunidades rurais e étnicas, devido à ocupação física e simbólica de seus territórios, à apropriação dos seus recursos, incluindo terra e água, dos quais essas comunidades obtém seu sustento. Essas transformações são vivenciadas de forma diferente nas mulheres camponesas, devido às relações patriarcais-capitalistas e discriminatórias em que vivem, onde a sua voz e reconhecimento tanto no produtivo quanto no reprodutivo é invisível, da mesma maneira que os seus direitos sobre a propriedade dos ativos produtivos. Situações que as levam a uma maior condição de vulnerabilidade, empobrecimento e dependência. Este estudo foi realizado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study aimed to assess changes in the productive activities of Afro Colombian rural women due to the expansion of oil palm plantation in their territories. This expansion is a result of global dynamics of territorialization of capital in rural areas through the purchase and ownership of lands by private investors in order to install large monocrop plantations, infrastructure projects and/or mineral exploration. For which investors have been supported by national governments through the readjustment of agricultural policies that allow them to interfere in local territories. Latin American countries, including Colombia, have not been exempt from global dynamics. This country has increased areas of palm oil plantation to serve exportation purposes during the last two decades, which has led to transformation in the means of living of rural and ethnic communities, due to the physical and symbolic occupation of their territories and the appropriation of their resources, including land and water, from which communities derive their sustenance. These transformations are presented differently on rural women, because of the patriarchal-capitalist and discriminatory societies in which they live, where their voice and recognition to both productive and reproductive aspects are made invisible, as well as their rights to the ownership of the productive assets. Situations that leave them in a more vulnerable condition of impoverishment and dependence. We carried out a qualitative study ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Pierre, Mislie. "Développement local comme stratégie de lutte contre la pauvreté : le cas du Programme de développement de zone implanté par World Vision en Haïti". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10944.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines the issues of local government as a strategy to fight against poverty in Haiti. As a study case of a strategy that the World Vision established in many poor rural communities- The Area Development Program-, we want to understand and clarify how the PDZ was able to help in building a local project development for fighting poverty in these communities. More specifically, we analyze, with the help of Klein and al. (2011) perspective, the type of strategy of local development which best describes the PDZ and we determine how these communities get involved in this strategy. Thus, we focus on many aspects that were mainly suggested by Klein and al. : the transfer of the strategy to the local authorities ; the process of local leadership (individual, organizational and socio-territorial) ; the mobilization of endogenous and exogenous resources ; creative use of public programs ; local conflict management and collective learning ; positive identity and community feeling construction. This research highlights criticism leveled against NGOs operations, about the dependency situations that arose as a result of assistance-based approaches of their aid. The PDZ study particularly teaches us that development through local initiatives raises daunting challenges and major issues, in the context of extreme poverty, cumulative disadvantages (in term of human, economic and political resources) or objectives obstacles. The facts show us that the PDZ strategy doesn’t allow a local mobilization that could sustain the initiatives inspired by the community`s self-defined needs, although the PDZ strategy succeeds in developing local leadership, in promoting limited movement of capital and enabling some people to construct a positive identity. Finally, we will conclude that the PDZ strategy refers to a top-down model.