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Knowledge transfer in the automobile industry: Global-local production networks. London: Routledge, 2012.
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Rosalba, Casas, Fuentes Claudia de, Vera-Cruz Alexandre O i Seminario Latino Iberoamericano de Gestión Tecnológica (10th : 2003 : Mexico City, Mexico), red. Acumulación de capacidades tecnológicas, aprendizaje y cooperación en la esfera global y local. México: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 2007.
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National Council for Urban Economic Development., United States. Economic Development Administration. i Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (U.S.), red. Re-engineering local economic development to integrate global and technological change. Washington, DC: National Council for Urban Economic Development, 1995.
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Deborah, Winkler, i World Bank, red. Making foreign direct investment work for Sub-Saharan Africa: Local spillovers and competitiveness in global value chains. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2014.
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Mazo, Aleksandr, i Konstantin Potashev. The superelements. Modeling of oil fields development. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1043236.
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This monograph presents the basics of super-element modeling method of two-phase fluid flows occurring during the development of oil reservoir. The simulation is performed in two stages to reduce the spatial and temporal scales of the studied processes. In the first stage of modeling of development of oil deposits built long-term (for decades) the model of the global dynamics of the flooding on the super-element computational grid with a step equal to the average distance between wells (200-500 m). Local filtration flow, caused by the action of geological and technical methods of stimulation, are modeled in the second stage using a special mathematical models using computational grids with high resolution detail for the space of from 0.1 to 10 m and time — from 102 to 105 C.
The results of application of the presented models to the solution of practical tasks of development of oil reservoir. Special attention is paid to the issue of value transfer in filtration-capacitive properties of the reservoir, with a detailed grid of the geological model on the larger grid reservoir models.
Designed for professionals in the field of mathematical and numerical modeling of fluid flows occurring during the development of oil fields and using traditional commercial software packages, as well as developing their own software. May be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students studying in areas such as "Mechanics and mathematical modeling", "Applied mathematics", "Oil and gas".
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Knowledge Transfer in the Automobile Industry: Global-Local Production Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Irawati, Dessy. Knowledge Transfer in the Automobile Industry: Global-Local Production Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.
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Irawati, Dessy. Knowledge Transfer in the Automobile Industry: Global-Local Production Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.
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Knowledge Transfer in the Automobile Industry: Global-Local Production Networks. Routledge, 2013.
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Irawati, Dessy. Knowledge Transfer in the Automobile Industry: Global-Local Production Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.
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Knowledge Transfer in the Automobile Industry: Global-Local Production Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.
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Tsutsui, Kiyoteru. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190853105.003.0005.
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The conclusion summarizes key findings of the empirical chapters and offers an answer to the core puzzle of the book about the rise of minority activism since the 1970s: it was global human rights ideas and institutions that transformed the movement actorhood of all three minority groups in Japan, galvanizing their activism and enabling their significant gains. The chapter also underscores the book’s theoretical contributions, pointing to the need to understand the capacity of global human rights to transform movement actorhood, rather than to assume rational actors with set interests, and illustrating the different patterns of impact of global human rights depending on the local actors’ starting position, thus offering a corrective to one-dimensional understanding of globalization as isomorphic forces shaping all local actors homogeneously. The local-to global-feedback loop is another contribution of this research, highlighting the mechanisms of norm consolidation and norm expansion in the international arena. The research also suggests important lessons for the future of global human rights.
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Banet, Catherine. Techno-nationalism in the Context of Energy Transition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0005.
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Techno-nationalism is governments’ protectionist behaviour towards technology innovation and transfer.— Development of law and policy to secure national interest stems from belief that restricting transfer of innovation will benefit national economic growth and protect wealth and energy independency. Although not a new phenomenon, there is a global techno-nationalism revival in the energy transition context. This chapter looks at the compatibility of techno-nationalist measures with the WTO international law regime. It reviews how national legal frameworks support these policies by reference to energy transition legislation, public procurement, local content requirements, and intellectual property rights. It compares nation states’ techno-nationalism behaviour to the duties to share and transfer technology innovation in a liberalized and competitive environment. Among the applicable rules are UNFCC and WTO technology transfer requirements, including green goods provisions. Finally, the margin of appreciation for national governments and the need for legal innovation to ensure technology transfer are examined. .
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Brysk, Alison. Norm Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901516.003.0010.
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Changes in attitudes, values, and beliefs about the many manifestations of violence against women are a necessary complement to globalizing rights standards, law enforcement, public policy, and grassroots empowerment. In Chapter 10, we will analyze the requisites and results of campaigns for norm change in women’s agency, masculine identities, and sexual self-determination. Communication campaigns aim to reshape community consciousness of gender regimes in South Africa, India, and Brazil. Global programs adopted by local movements promote women’s agency and empowerment to resist violence in India and Pakistan. Both global programs and transnational coalitions work to engage men and transform violent masculinities in India, South Africa, and Brazil. Finally, we will trace a variety of civil society cultural initiatives asserting sexual self-determination in Mexico, Pakistan, Russia, Ukraine, and China.
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Chrubasik, Boris. From Pre-Makkabaean Judaea to Hekatomnid Karia and Back Again. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805663.003.0005.
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This chapter analyses the adaptation of Greek cultural and political practices in two distinct environments: fourth-century Karia and second-century Judaea. Both regions see a marked political transformation in their respective time periods. The Hekatomnid rulers actively fostered the foundation of poleis, experimented with Greek architectural styles, and the new polis communities and rulers publicly displayed Greek-language inscriptions. Similarly, one of the high priests of Judaea attempted to transform the city of Jerusalem into a polis and founded Greek polis institutions there. By raising the question of why Greek cultural elements were valuable to the agents of fourth-century Karia and second-century Judaea, this chapter proposes that very local reasons attracted the local elites of these regions to Greek institutions, and argues against seeing these processes as being deeply connected to global trends of a supposed Greek oikoumene.
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Mendenhall, Emily. Rethinking Diabetes. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501738302.001.0001.
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Rethinking Diabetes investigates how "global" and "local" factors transform how diabetes is perceived, experienced, and embodied from place to place. The book argues that neoliberal capitalism fuels the intrinsic links between hunger and crisis, structural violence and fear, and cumulative trauma and psychiatric distress that are embodied in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (hereafter, "diabetes"). It suggests that a global story of modernization as the primary force in the spread of global diabetes overlooks the micro-level stressors that respond to structural inequalities and drive the underlying psychophysiological processes linking hunger, crisis, oppression, unbridled stress, and chronic psychological distress to diabetes. The narratives in this book unveil how deeply embedded such factors are in how diabetes is experienced and (re)produced among low-income communities around the world. Yet, the book focuses on four life stories – one from each context – to consider how diabetes is perceived and experienced in the United States, India, South Africa, and Kenya. These discrete chapters investigate how social, cultural, and epidemiological factors shape people's experiences and why we need to take these differences seriously when we think about what drives diabetes and how it affects the lives of the poor.
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Berger, Tobias. Norms in Translations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807865.003.0002.
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This chapter develops a novel theoretical account of norm translation that is located in-between theories of norm diffusion and norm localization. Translations do not follow linear trajectories from ‘the global’ to ‘the local’. Instead, they unfold in a recursive back and forth movement between different actors located in different contexts. As norms are translated, two interrelated changes occur. Firstly, the meaning of norms changes in ways that make sense to people inhabiting a specific context. Secondly, the social and political dynamics of this context change as well. Both changes depend on the ardent work of translators who, as Walter Benjamin has argued, cannot simply transfer meaning but must recreate it anew. Norm translations therefore need to be investigated through analytical frameworks that capture this creativity and do not simply reduce translations to pathological deviations from seemingly uncontestable originals. This chapter develops such a framework for ‘the rule of law’.
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Veeraraghavan, Rajesh. Patching Development. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197567814.001.0001.
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How can development programs deliver benefits to marginalized citizens in ways that expand their rights and freedoms? Political will and good policy design are critical but often insufficient due to resistance from entrenched local power systems. The book is an ethnography of one of the largest development programs in the world, the Indian National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), and examines in detail NREGA’s implementation in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It finds that the local system of power is extremely difficult to transform, not because of inertia, but because of coercive counter-strategy from actors at the last mile and their ability to exploit information asymmetries. Upper-level NREGA bureaucrats in Andhra Pradesh do not possess the capacity to change the power axis through direct confrontation with local elites, but instead have relied on a continuous series of responses that react to local implementation and information, a process of patching development. Patching development is a top-down, fine-grained, iterative socio-technical process that makes local information about implementation visible through technology and enlists participation from marginalized citizens through social audits. These processes are neither neat nor orderly and have led to a contentious sphere where the exercise of power over documents, institutions, and technology is intricate, fluid, and highly situated. The book throws new light on the challenges and benefits of using information and technology in novel ways to implement development programs. While focused on one Indian state, the implications for increasing citizen participation and government transparency have global relevance.
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Endres, Kirsten W., i Ann Marie Leshkowich, red. Traders in Motion. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501719820.001.0001.
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Markets and traders in Vietnam are on the move, literally and figuratively. The chapters in this volume offer rich ethnographic exploration of daily interactions among small-scale traders, suppliers, customers, family members, neighbors, and officials within contemporary Vietnam and across its borders. These quotidian encounters occur within contested spaces, through expanding and contracting circuits of mobility, and across physical and conceptual boundaries that are fixed, yet porous. As they ply their wares and negotiate state regulations, traders shape notions of self and personhood, not just as economic actors, but also in terms of gender, region, morality, and ethnicity. Taken together, the diverse contributions to this collection demonstrate that markets form and transform through uneven interplay among global processes, state regulatory regimes, individual identities, and local trajectories of economic and social development. Rather than impede market function, these trading frictions shape the necessary ground on which new forms of political economy emerge.
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Obeng-Odoom, Franklin. Global Migration beyond Limits. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867180.001.0001.
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Global Migration beyond Limits carefully considers but ultimately rejects the idea that migration is driven by the choices of individual migrants, and instead starts from the idea that institutions shape all forms, forces, and functions of migration. Of these institutions, however, land is central, whether in internal migration, international migration, or global migration. Historically or currently, the evidence also clearly shows that migration and migrants transform both the sites where migrants are resident and the places from which migrants travelled. The change is more transformational than previous accounts have established, sometimes involving turning around dead cities and towns into vibrant local economies and reconstructing food networks for entire regions and nations. This book also raises serious analytical questions about three bodies of literature: mainstream economic accounts of migration, environment, and inequality; mainstream sustainability science and alternatives to it (e.g. ecological economics); and conservative and nativist claims about population problems and alternatives to them centred only on the freedom that a borderless world could create. Obeng-Odoom argues that much of the crisis of migration and sustainability can be understood as a reflection of global long-term inequalities and cumulative stratification, reflected at different scales in the global system, though the form of migration is conditioned by more than economic forces. The so-called migration crisis, therefore, seems quite routine and familiar. It is an outward expression of the political-economic system in which socially created value is privately appropriated as rents by a privileged few who use institutions such land and property rights, race, ethnicity, class, and gender to keep others in their place in the global economic and stratification ladder.
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Hegenbart, Sarah, red. Curating Transcultural Spaces. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350227750.
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Curating Transcultural Spaces asks what a museum which enables the presentation of multiple perspectives might look like. Can identity be global and local at the same time? How may one curate dual identity? More broadly, what is the link between the arts and processes of identity construction? This volume, an indispensable source for the process of engaging with colonial history in Germany and beyond, takes its starting point from the ‘scandal’ of the Humboldt Forum. The transfer of German state collections from the Ethnological Museum and the Museum for Asian Art, located at the margins of Berlin in Dahlem, into the centre of Germany’s capital indicates the nation’s aspiration of purported multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism; yet the project’s resurrection of the site’s former Prussian city palace, which was demolished during the GDR, stands in opposition to its very mission, given that the Prussian rulers benefited from colonial exploitation. By examining the contrasting successes of other projects, such as the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington DC, Curating Transcultural Spaces compellingly argues for the necessity of taking post-colonial thinking on board in the construction of museum spaces in order to generate genuine exchange between multiple perspectives.
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Jobs, Sebastian, i Gesa Mackenthun, red. Embodiments of Cultural Encounters. Waxmann Verlag GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31244/9783830975489.
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The meeting of members of different cultures, frequently conceptualized in abstract terms, always involves the meeting of human bodies. This volume brings together contributions by scholars of various disciplines that address physical aspects and effects of cultural encounters in historical and present-day settings. Bodies were and are not only markers of cultural identity and difference, endlessly inscribed and represented as the ‘body politic’ or ‘the exotic other’; as battlegrounds of cross-cultural signification and identification bodies are also potential agents of change. While some essays address the elusiveness of the ‘real’ or material body, forever lost behind a veil of textual and visual representation, others analyze the performative effect of such representations – their function of disciplining colonized bodies and subjects by integrating them into Western systems of cultural signification and scientific classification. Yet, as the volume also shows, formerly colonized people, far from subjecting themselves completely to Western discourses of physical discipline, retain traditional body practices – whether in food culture, religious ritual, or musical performances. Such local reinscriptions escape the grip of Western culture and transform the global semantics of the body.
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Gaztambide, María C. El Techo de la Ballena. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400707.001.0001.
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In El Techo de la Ballena, María C. Gaztambi depresents an account of the visual arts production of the Caracas-based collective El Techo de la Ballena (active 1961−69). In spite of evident convergences with other global art tendencies, these radicalized artists from Venezuela anchored their multidisciplinary interventions in a fundamental retrograde stance which, in the author’s view, represented a deliberate inversion of an internationallyaligned modernity hinging on the need for constant evolution and progress in the visual arts. El Techo’s against-the-grain position became the basis for a disorderly project of grief that counteracted the swiftness by which Venezuela fast-tracked its modernization (in the sense of material and technological progress) and consumed international modernism (its cultural production). Against this fragmentary development, El Techo deployed an integrated approach to art-making that included artworks with multiple meanings, alternative exhibition spaces, politicized actions, as well as highly confrontational printed materials. All these elements came together into a single, indivisible body of work merging the visual, the poetic, the performative, and the political. Yet Venezuela’s eroded local environment required an outright unsettling through extreme scatological content and strategies that the balleneros qualified as “a biological art, violently exuded from our bowels…” Theirs was a total output that tested the limits of art to provoke an anesthetized local public under the motto of cambiar la vida, transformar la sociedad(to change life, to transform society).
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Cummings, Scott L. An Equal Place. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190215927.001.0001.
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This book is about the role of lawyers in the movement to challenge economic inequality in one of America’s most unequal cities: Los Angeles. Covering a transformative period of city history—from the 1992 riots to the 2008 recession—the book examines how law has been used, and what it has achieved, in the struggle to make Los Angeles a more equal place. The backdrop is the dramatic growth of low-wage work powered by global outsourcing, declining unionism, increasing labor contingency, and surging immigration. The book’s narrative focus is on five pivotal campaigns in which lawyers allied with the city’s dynamic labor, immigrant rights, and environmental movements mobilize law to transform key sectors of the regional economy. These campaigns, analyzed through in-depth case studies, reveal how law has shaped low-wage work in Los Angeles—and at times provided a potent weapon to contest it. Drawing upon archival research, extensive interviews with key actors, and a review of court files, this book explores the role of lawyers in defining the city as a space for redefining work. Challenging critical accounts of lawyers in social movements, its central claim is that by advancing an innovative model of legal mobilization, the L.A. campaigns have achieved meaningful regulatory reform, while strengthening the position of workers in the field of local politics. Through multidimensional advocacy to promote worker organizing, lawyers and activists have succeeded in converting policy change into greater interest group power—forging a new model of progressive city-building for the twenty-first century.
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Dube, Opha Pauline. Climate Policy and Governance across Africa. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.605.
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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Please check back later for the full article.Africa, a continent with the largest number of countries falling under the category of Least Developed Countries (LDCs), remains highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture that suffers from low intake of water, exacerbating the vulnerability to climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. The increasing frequency and severity of climate extremes impose major strains on the economies of these countries. The loss of livelihoods due to interaction of climate change with existing stressors is elevating internal and cross-border migration. The continent is experiencing rapid urbanization, and its cities represent the most vulnerable locations to climate change due in part to incapacitated local governance. Overall, the institutional capacity to coordinate, regulate, and facilitate development in Africa is weak. The general public is less empowered to hold government accountable. The rule of law, media, and other watchdog organizations, and systems of checks and balances are constrained in different ways, contributing to poor governance and resulting in low capacity to respond to climate risks.As a result, climate policy and governance are inseparable in Africa, and capacitating the government is as essential as establishing climate policy. With the highest level of vulnerability to climate change compared with the rest of the world, governance in Africa is pivotal in crafting and implementing viable climate policies.It is indisputable that African climate policy should focus first and foremost on adaptation to climate change. It is pertinent, therefore, to assess Africa’s governance ability to identify and address the continent’s needs for adaptation. One key aspect of effective climate policy is access to up-to-date and contextually relevant information that encompasses indigenous knowledge. African countries have endeavored to meet international requirements for reports such as the National Communications on Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerabilities and the National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs). However, the capacity to deliver on-time quality reports is lacking; also the implementation, in particular integration of adaptation plans into the overall development agenda, remains a challenge. There are a few successes, but overall adaptation operates mainly at project level. Furthermore, the capacity to access and effectively utilize availed international resources, such as extra funding or technology transfer, is limited in Africa.While the continent is an insignificant source of emissions on a global scale, a more forward looking climate policy would require integrating adaptation with mitigation to put in place a foundation for transformation of the development agenda, towards a low carbon driven economy. Such a futuristic approach calls for a comprehensive and robust climate policy governance that goes beyond climate to embrace the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030. Both governance and climate policy in Africa will need to be viewed broadly, encompassing the process of globalization, which has paved the way to a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. The question is, what should be the focus of climate policy and governance across Africa under the Anthropocene era?