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1

Sun, Jielun, i Jeffrey R. French. "Air–Sea Interactions in Light of New Understanding of Air–Land Interactions". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, nr 10 (21.09.2016): 3931–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0354.1.

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Abstract Air–sea interactions are investigated using the data from the Coupled Boundary Layers Air–Sea Transfer experiment under low wind (CBLAST-Low) and the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment (SWADE) over sea and compared with measurements from the 1999 Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study (CASES-99) over land. Based on the concept of the hockey-stick transition (HOST) hypothesis, which emphasizes contributions of large coherent eddies in atmospheric turbulent mixing that are not fully captured by Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, relationships between the atmospheric momentum transfer and the sea surface roughness, and the role of the sea surface temperature (SST) and oceanic waves in the turbulent transfer of atmospheric momentum, heat, and moisture, and variations of drag coefficient Cd(z) over sea and land with wind speed V are studied. In general, the atmospheric turbulence transfers over sea and land are similar except under weak winds and near the sea surface when wave-induced winds and oceanic currents are relevant to wind shear in generating atmospheric turbulence. The transition of the atmospheric momentum transfer between the stable and the near-neutral regimes is different over land and sea owing to the different strength and formation of atmospheric stable stratification. The relationship between the air–sea temperature difference and the turbulent heat transfer over sea is dominated by large air temperature variations compared to the slowly varying SST. Physically, Cd(z) consists of the surface skin drag and the turbulence drag between z and the surface; the increase of the latter with decreasing V leads to the minimum Cd(z), which is observed, but not limited to, over sea.
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2

Goray, Mariya, i Roland A. H. van Oorschot. "DNA transfer during social interactions". Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 4, nr 1 (2013): e101-e102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2013.10.052.

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3

Wu, Xiaojian, Sunjun Ji, Yi Li, Baozong Li, Xiulin Zhu, Kenji Hanabusa i Yonggang Yang. "Helical Transfer through Nonlocal Interactions". Journal of the American Chemical Society 131, nr 16 (29.04.2009): 5986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja9001376.

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4

Schwartz, Marietta Haeg. "Charge-transfer interactions in cyclophanes". Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Molecular Recognition in Chemistry 9, nr 1 (lipiec 1990): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01133501.

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Tuncer, Sylvaine, i Pentti Haddington. "Object transfers: An embodied resource to progress joint activities and build relative agency". Language in Society 49, nr 1 (23.09.2019): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004740451900071x.

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ABSTRACTThis article builds on ethnomethodological, conversation analytic research on object transfers: how participants hand over objects to one another. By analyzing video recordings of mundane (cars) and institutional interactions (laboratories), we focus on situations where an object is central to and talked about in the joint course of action. We focus on different organizations of object transfer and show that one embodied move is decisive, either a sequentially implicative ‘give’ or an arm extension designed as a stand-alone ‘take’. We examine the interrelationship between the organization of the object transfer and the broader course of action (e.g. request or offer sequence), which is either overlapping or intersecting. We demonstrate that by making the decisive move, either the participant initially holding the object or her recipient critically influences the progression and trajectory of the activity, and displays agency. (Ethnomethodology, Conversation Analysis, multimodal interactions, objects in interaction, object transfers, agency)*
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6

Tay, Neil Q., i Michael McManus. "Cell-interaction based CRISPR screening using intercellular barcode transfer". Journal of Immunology 208, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2022): 173.11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.173.11.

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Abstract Cell to cell interaction is one of the fundamental paradigms in cell biology and it is central to immune processes. While recent advances have allowed us to monitor cell interactions both in vitro and in vivo, doing so at large scales with complex interactions remain challenging. We have developed Relay, a scalable technology by which cellular interactions can be tracked via molecular barcoding and intercellular transfer of barcodes. We employed our system to perform a novel cell interaction-based CRISPR screen that was not possible with conventional CRISPR screening strategies. In our screen, we investigated factors that are involved in antigen processing, presentation, and transfer in myeloid cells using a myeloid-T cell co-culture system. By utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 together with Relay, we were able to perform genome-wide perturbations in myeloid cells and concurrently track myeloid-T cell interactions, allowing us to directly associate antigen sampling by T cells to genetic perturbations affecting antigen processing in the myeloid cells. Supported by grant from NIH (U01 CA217882).
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7

Fürész, Diána Ivett. "Correlation between profitability and transfer activity in European football". Croatian Review of Economic, Business and Social Statistics 4, nr 2 (1.11.2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/crebss-2018-0009.

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AbstractThe transfer market of European football can be classified as a system. In this system, the effectiveness of participant teams can depend on the activity in players’ transfers. This article assesses the utility of network analysis in analysing connections between the mentioned concepts. The hypothesis is that there is causality between a club’s activity in the transfer market and its profit from transfers. This research is based on empirical transfer data of major soccer teams, which have had a significant role in the last 12 years in Europe. It is assumed that the most active clubs in the transfer system have more financial power in the transfer market, while teams which are not active in transfers have less profit from transfers. In the network analysis, the teams can be defined as a set of nodes and connected by edges (interactions). The thickness of the edges and the size of the nodes depend on the volume of transfers among clubs. The number of interactions and the amount of the transfer price can measure this volume also. Considering the results of network indices, the relationships between the two phenomena were reviewed. In order to explore these relationships, the correlations among all of the relevant variables in the transfer market were also measured.
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8

Scholes, Gregory D., i Kenneth P. Ghiggino. "Electronic Interactions and Interchromophore Excitation Transfer". Journal of Physical Chemistry 98, nr 17 (kwiecień 1994): 4580–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100068a017.

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9

Lam, Eric, i Richard Malkin. "Interactions between thylakoid electron transfer complexes". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 242, nr 1 (październik 1985): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(85)90479-5.

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10

Lam, Eric, i Richard Malkin. "Interactions between thylakoid electron transfer complexes". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 242, nr 1 (październik 1985): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(85)90480-1.

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11

Cignitti, Maurizio, i Laura Soccorsi. "Magnesium cation-perturbed charge-transfer interactions". Inorganica Chimica Acta 138, nr 1 (wrzesień 1987): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)81173-1.

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12

Mandair, Arvind-Pal S., William R. McWhinnie i Parisa Monsef-Mirzai. "Charge transfer interactions in smectite clays". Inorganica Chimica Acta 134, nr 1 (listopad 1987): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)84462-x.

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13

Arakelyan, G. H., A. Capella, A. B. Kaidalov i Yu M. Shabelski. "Baryon number transfer in hadronic interactions". European Physical Journal C 26, nr 1 (listopad 2002): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10052-002-0977-z.

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14

Paluš, Milan. "Cross-Scale Interactions and Information Transfer". Entropy 16, nr 10 (10.10.2014): 5263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e16105263.

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15

Seiberg, Miri. "Keratinocyte-Melanocyte Interactions During Melanosome Transfer". Pigment Cell Research 14, nr 4 (sierpień 2001): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0749.2001.140402.x.

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16

Melo, A., i M. J. Ramos. "Proton transfer in arginine-carboxylate interactions". Chemical Physics Letters 245, nr 4-5 (listopad 1995): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(95)01058-h.

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17

Titus, L. J., A. Ross i F. M. Nunes. "Transfer reaction code with nonlocal interactions". Computer Physics Communications 207 (październik 2016): 499–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2016.06.022.

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18

Foster, Natalie, Arun K. Singhal, Marion W. Smith, Nora G. Marcos i Keith J. Schray. "Interactions of porphyrins and transfer RNA". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 950, nr 2 (lipiec 1988): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4781(88)90004-8.

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19

Linkmann, Moritz, Arjun Berera, Mairi McKay i Julia Jäger. "Helical mode interactions and spectral transfer processes in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 791 (15.02.2016): 61–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.43.

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Spectral transfer processes in homogeneous magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence are investigated analytically by decomposition of the velocity and magnetic fields in Fourier space into helical modes. Steady solutions of the dynamical system which governs the evolution of the helical modes are determined, and a stability analysis of these solutions is carried out. The interpretation of the analysis is that unstable solutions lead to energy transfer between the interacting modes while stable solutions do not. From this, a dependence of possible interscale energy and helicity transfers on the helicities of the interacting modes is derived. As expected from the inverse cascade of magnetic helicity in 3-D MHD turbulence, mode interactions with like helicities lead to transfer of energy and magnetic helicity to smaller wavenumbers. However, some interactions of modes with unlike helicities also contribute to an inverse energy transfer. As such, an inverse energy cascade for non-helical magnetic fields is shown to be possible. Furthermore, it is found that high values of the cross-helicity may have an asymmetric effect on forward and reverse transfer of energy, where forward transfer is more quenched in regions of high cross-helicity than reverse transfer. This conforms with recent observations of solar wind turbulence. For specific helical interactions the relation to dynamo action is established. The present analysis provides new theoretical insights into physical processes where inverse cascade and dynamo action are involved, such as the evolution of cosmological and astrophysical magnetic fields and laboratory plasmas.
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20

Amouzadeh, Mohammad, i Manoochehr Tavangar. "Sociolinguistic Transfer". ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 147-148 (2005): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/itl.148.0.2002065.

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This paper focuses on the ways in which misunderstanding occurs between two interlocutors with different cultural backgrounds. As such, its main concern is with sociolinguistic transfer (Chick, 1996). Based on a cross-cultural model, it aims to investigate certain socio-pragmatic issues, (i.e. terms of address, offers and request types) affecting Iranian and Australian interlocutors. The issues in question will be compared and contrasted to ascertain what types of culturally communicative transfers might be invoked in the interaction between the interlocutors from these two different sociolinguistic milieus. The analysis of data will be based mainly on ethnographical introspection. By providing a systematic analysis of the transfer types involved, the paper will also suggest some socio-pragmatic explanations regarding their possible sources. Moreover, it will be argued that understanding the miscommunication arising from such interactions will sheds some light on the process of potential negative stereotypes. All in all, the present study can be said to make some contribution in the areas of language teaching, crosscultural translation, and intercultural communication.
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21

Long, Saran, Yingying Wang, Silvije Vdović, Meng Zhou, Linyin Yan, Yingli Niu, Qianjin Guo i Andong Xia. "Energy transfer and spectroscopic characterization of a perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) hexamer". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, nr 28 (2015): 18567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp01514f.

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22

Cashel, M., i P. A. McGavin. "Removing Poverty Traps: Taxation and Welfare Reform in Australia". Economic and Labour Relations Review 3, nr 2 (grudzień 1992): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469200300205.

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This article uses data on the interactions of income taxation and state welfare transfers on effective marginal tax rates (EMTRs) in Australia to argue policy reforms for removing poverty traps created by high EMTRs. This highlights the need for state welfare and income taxation reforms to target those elements of income taxation and social welfare interaction that are most significant for high EMTRs and for high EMTRs extending across wide incomes ranges. Proposed welfare changes involve simultaneous reductions in base-level state welfare transfer payments, along with eligibility for supplementary transfer payments for able persons that are proportional to market labour activity. Proposed taxation changes include removal of distinctions between taxable and tax-exempt state welfare transfers and a gradually-progressive revised taxation scale.
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23

Huang, K. M., A. Z. Liu, S. D. Zhang, F. Yi i Z. Li. "Spectral energy transfer of atmospheric gravity waves through sum and difference nonlinear interactions". Annales Geophysicae 30, nr 2 (3.02.2012): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-303-2012.

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Abstract. Nonlinear interactions of gravity waves are studied with a two-dimensional, fully nonlinear model. The energy exchanges among resonant and near-resonant triads are examined in order to understand the spectral energy transfer through interactions. The results show that in both resonant and near-resonant interactions, the energy exchange between two high frequency waves is strong, but the energy transfer from large to small vertical scale waves is rather weak. This suggests that the energy cascade toward large vertical wavenumbers through nonlinear interaction is inefficient, which is different from the rapid turbulence cascade. Because of considerable energy exchange, nonlinear interactions can effectively spread high frequency spectrum, and play a significant role in limiting wave amplitude growth and transferring energy into higher altitudes. In resonant interaction, the interacting waves obey the resonant matching conditions, and resonant excitation is reversible, while near-resonant excitation is not so. Although near-resonant interaction shows the complexity of match relation, numerical experiments show an interesting result that when sum and difference near-resonant interactions occur between high and low frequency waves, the wave vectors tend to approximately match in horizontal direction, and the frequency of the excited waves is also close to the matching value.
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24

Kirkpatrick, C. H., S. J. Rozzo i J. J. Mascali. "Murine transfer factor. III. Specific interactions between transfer factor and antigen." Journal of Immunology 135, nr 6 (1.12.1985): 4027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.6.4027.

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Abstract The interactions between dialyzable transfer factor and antigens have been studied. Incubation of transfer factor-containing dialysates from ferritin-sensitized mice or ferritin-coated plastic surfaces removed the antigen-sensitizing activity; incubations of the same preparations on cytochrome c-coated surfaces did not. Similar results were obtained when cytochrome c-transfer factor was studied. Incubation on cytochrome c-coated surfaces removed the activity, but incubation on ferritin-coated surfaces did not. Specific transfer factor activities could be recovered by elution with 8 M urea or acetonitrile. The finding of interactions between transfer factor and antigens provides evidence for a molecular basis of the specificity of the immunologic effects of transfer factor. This technique may also enable us to obtain amounts of specific material that are adequate for chemical analysis.
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25

Lu, Chen, Ning Li, Ying Jin, Ying Sun i Jingang Wang. "Physical Mechanisms of Intermolecular Interactions and Cross-Space Charge Transfer in Two-Photon BDBT-TCNB Co-Crystals". Nanomaterials 12, nr 16 (11.08.2022): 2757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12162757.

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Co-crystal materials formed by stacking different molecules with weak interactions are a hot research topic. In this work, we theoretically investigate the intermolecular interactions and charge transfer properties of the supramolecular BDBT-TCNB co-crystal (BTC). The π-π bonds, hydrogen bonds, and S-N bonds in the BTC bind the BDBT and TCNB molecules together to form a highly ordered co-crystal and lead to the co-crystal’s excellent two-photon absorption (TPA) properties. The intermolecular interactions of the BTC are discussed in detail by the independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition (IGMH), atoms in molecules (AIM), electrostatic overlay diagram, and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) energy decomposition; it is found that there is a strong interaction force along the stacking direction. The charge transfer properties of the one-photon absorption (OPA) and TPA of the BTC were investigated by charge density difference (CDD) and transition density matrix (TDM). It is found that the dominant charge transfer mode is the cross-space charge transfer along the stacking direction. Therefore, strong intermolecular interactions will promote intermolecular cross-space charge transfer. This work is of great significance for the design of organic optoelectronic supramolecular materials.
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26

Lin, Hsin-Chieh, i Bih-Yaw Jin. "Charge-Transfer Interactions in Organic Functional Materials". Materials 3, nr 8 (5.08.2010): 4214–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma3084214.

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27

Hadad, C. Z., i S. O. Vásquez. "Energy-transfer processes induced by exchange interactions". Physical Review B 60, nr 12 (15.09.1999): 8586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.60.8586.

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Wang, Yi, i Lucy Lu. "Knowledge transfer through effective university‐industry interactions". Journal of Technology Management in China 2, nr 2 (5.06.2007): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17468770710756068.

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29

Hill, Tania, Demetrius Levendis i Andreas Lemmerer. "Uncovering Charge Transfer Interactions of Energetic Molecules". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (5.08.2014): C1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314089967.

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Energetic materials are systems that store a large amount of chemical energy, which can be converted into mechanical energy though molecular decomposition, e.g. explosives, propellants and fuels. Co-crystallization of energetic materials with desirable co-crystal formers provides a novel way of tailoring existing energetic materials without structural manipulation. Examples include trinitrotoluene (TNT) with electron rich aromatics along with other energetic materials (CL-20, DADP) [1-3]. In order to take advantage of this methodology it is necessary to develop an understanding of the synthons involved in non-covalent interactions. The interpretation of non-covalent interactions has been highlighted in many recent publications, notably the publications by Gilli et al. which classifies short contacts as interactions, where the distance between atoms is less than the sum of their van der Waals radii. Depending on the type of interactions, the complexes can be divided into different categories, the most well known and studied are: H-bond theory and charge transfer (CT). In this study, a systematic series of crystal structures of organic CT complexes were determined to allow for the identification of structural packing trends, variations in aromaticity, decomposition temperatures and enthalpies along with non-covalent interactions, focusing mainly on the π···π interactions. The complexes investigated were of the electron donor acceptor type, with polycyclic hydrocarbons acting as the donor (D) molecules, whilst 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene was selected as the energetic acceptor (A) molecule, due to its similarity with TNT. The CT complexes were observed to exhibit strong colours in the yellow to red regions of visible light with the co-crystals forming alternating DA stacks.
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Ebnet, Klaus, Eric P. Kaldjian, Arthur O. Anderson i Stephen Shaw. "ORCHESTRATED INFORMATION TRANSFER UNDERLYING LEUKOCYTE ENDOTHELIAL INTERACTIONS". Annual Review of Immunology 14, nr 1 (kwiecień 1996): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.155.

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Levy, Salomon. "Heat transfer during molten corium-concrete interactions". Nuclear Engineering and Design 151, nr 1 (listopad 1994): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(94)90045-0.

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Martínez, Ignacio, Clemence Devailly, Artyom Petrosyan i Sergio Ciliberto. "Energy Transfer between Colloids via Critical Interactions". Entropy 19, nr 2 (17.02.2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e19020077.

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Hanson, Howard P. "Radiative/Turbulent Transfer Interactions in Layer Clouds". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 44, nr 9 (maj 1987): 1287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<1287:rtiilc>2.0.co;2.

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Saunders, Scott H., i Dianne K. Newman. "Extracellular Electron Transfer Transcends Microbe-Mineral Interactions". Cell Host & Microbe 24, nr 5 (listopad 2018): 611–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2018.10.018.

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Hunter, Christopher A. "Arene—Arene Interactions: Electrostatic or Charge Transfer?" Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 32, nr 11 (listopad 1993): 1584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199315841.

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Guthrie, J. Peter. "Concerning the distant polar interaction in free energies of transfer. An explanation and an estimation procedure". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, nr 12 (1.12.1991): 1893–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-274.

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For polyfunctional compounds, free energies of transfer from gas to aqueous solution require corrections for the interactions of polar groups (Distant Polar Interactions). These corrections can be made with very few adjustable parameters by using a model of the solvation process assuming hydrogen bonding is the major source of the effect on free energy of transfer for polar groups, and that hydrogen bonding is perturbed by polar effects, measured by Taft σ*. Parameters evaluated for polyfluoro, polychloro, and polybromo compounds successfully predicted the free energies of transfer for mixed polyhalogen compounds. Preliminary parameters have been evaluated for ethers, amines, phenyl groups, nitriles, and esters. Key words: free energy of transfer, distant polar interaction, hydrogen bonding, solvation.
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37

Guha, Samit, Flynt S. Goodson, Lucas J. Corson i Sourav Saha. "Boundaries of Anion/Naphthalenediimide Interactions: From Anion−π Interactions to Anion-Induced Charge-Transfer and Electron-Transfer Phenomena". Journal of the American Chemical Society 134, nr 33 (28.06.2012): 13679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja303173n.

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Bhaumik, Sukesh R. "Fluorescence resonance energy transfer in revealing protein–protein interactions in living cells". Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 5, nr 1 (15.04.2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20200337.

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Genes are expressed to proteins for a wide variety of fundamental biological processes at the cellular and organismal levels. However, a protein rarely functions alone, but rather acts through interactions with other proteins to maintain normal cellular and organismal functions. Therefore, it is important to analyze the protein–protein interactions to determine functional mechanisms of proteins, which can also guide to develop therapeutic targets for treatment of diseases caused by altered protein–protein interactions leading to cellular/organismal dysfunctions. There is a large number of methodologies to study protein interactions in vitro, in vivo and in silico, which led to the development of many protein interaction databases, and thus, have enriched our knowledge about protein–protein interactions and functions. However, many of these interactions were identified in vitro, but need to be verified/validated in living cells. Furthermore, it is unclear whether these interactions are direct or mediated via other proteins. Moreover, these interactions are representative of cell- and time-average, but not a single cell in real time. Therefore, it is crucial to detect direct protein–protein interactions in a single cell during biological processes in vivo, towards understanding the functional mechanisms of proteins in living cells. Importantly, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based methodology has emerged as a powerful technique to decipher direct protein–protein interactions at a single cell resolution in living cells, which is briefly described in a limited available space in this mini-review.
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Cusack, Jesse M., J. Alexander Brearley, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, David A. Smeed, Kurt L. Polzin, Nick Velzeboer i Callum J. Shakespeare. "Observed Eddy–Internal Wave Interactions in the Southern Ocean". Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, nr 10 (1.10.2020): 3043–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0001.1.

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AbstractThe physical mechanisms that remove energy from the Southern Ocean’s vigorous mesoscale eddy field are not well understood. One proposed mechanism is direct energy transfer to the internal wave field in the ocean interior, via eddy-induced straining and shearing of preexisting internal waves. The magnitude, vertical structure, and temporal variability of the rate of energy transfer between eddies and internal waves is quantified from a 14-month deployment of a mooring cluster in the Scotia Sea. Velocity and buoyancy observations are decomposed into wave and eddy components, and the energy transfer is estimated using the Reynolds-averaged energy equation. We find that eddies gain energy from the internal wave field at a rate of −2.2 ± 0.6 mW m−2, integrated from the bottom to 566 m below the surface. This result can be decomposed into a positive (eddy to wave) component, equal to 0.2 ± 0.1 mW m−2, driven by horizontal straining of internal waves, and a negative (wave to eddy) component, equal to −2.5 ± 0.6 mW m−2, driven by vertical shearing of the wave spectrum. Temporal variability of the transfer rate is much greater than the mean value. Close to topography, large energy transfers are associated with low-frequency buoyancy fluxes, the underpinning physics of which do not conform to linear wave dynamics and are thereby in need of further research. Our work suggests that eddy–internal wave interactions may play a significant role in the energy balance of the Southern Ocean mesoscale eddy and internal wave fields.
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40

Ku, Yee-Shan, Zhili Wang, Shaowei Duan i Hon-Ming Lam. "Rhizospheric Communication through Mobile Genetic Element Transfers for the Regulation of Microbe–Plant Interactions". Biology 10, nr 6 (28.05.2021): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10060477.

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The transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) has been known as a strategy adopted by organisms for survival and adaptation to the environment. The rhizosphere, where microbes and plants coexist, is a hotspot of MGE transfers. In this review, we discuss the classic mechanisms as well as novel mechanisms of MGE transfers in the rhizosphere. Both intra-kingdom and cross-kingdom MGE transfers will be addressed. MGE transfers could be ancient events which drove evolution or recurrent events which regulate adaptations. Recent findings on MGE transfers between plant and its interacting microbes suggest gene regulations brought forth by such transfers for symbiosis or defense mechanisms. In the natural environment, factors such as temperature and soil composition constantly influence the interactions among different parties in the rhizosphere. In this review, we will also address the effects of various environmental factors on MGE transfers in the rhizosphere. Besides environmental factors, plant root exudates also play a role in the regulation of MGE transfer among microbes in the rhizosphere. The potential use of microbes and plants for bioremediation will be discussed.
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41

Aman, Aini, i Brian Nicholson. "Managing Knowledge Transfer in Offshore Software Development". Journal of Global Information Management 17, nr 4 (październik 2009): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2009070903.

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The aim of this article is to examine the role of copresent interaction and the extent to which this can be supplanted by information and communication technology-based interaction for managing knowledge transferin distributed settings. This study draws on two case studies of small UK firms sourcing software development from India and Bangladesh. Using Nonaka and Konno’s knowledge creation theory, the role of copresent and ICT-based interactions in managing knowledge transfer is explained. The article contributes an extension of the concepts of knowledge creation theory by providing evidence of the role of copresent and ICT-based interaction for knowledge transfer in the context of offshore software development.
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42

Alhameedi, Khidhir, Amir Karton, Dylan Jayatilaka i Sajesh P. Thomas. "Bond orders for intermolecular interactions in crystals: charge transfer, ionicity and the effect on intramolecular bonds". IUCrJ 5, nr 5 (29.08.2018): 635–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252518010758.

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The question of whether intermolecular interactions in crystals originate from localized atom...atom interactions or as a result of holistic molecule...molecule close packing is a matter of continuing debate. In this context, the newly introduced Roby–Gould bond indices are reported for intermolecular `σ-hole' interactions, such as halogen bonding and chalcogen bonding, and compared with those for hydrogen bonds. A series of 97 crystal systems exhibiting these interaction motifs obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) has been analysed. In contrast with conventional bond-order estimations, the new method separately estimates the ionic and covalent bond indices for atom...atom and molecule...molecule bond orders, which shed light on the nature of these interactions. A consistent trend in charge transfer from halogen/chalcogen bond-acceptor to bond-donor groups has been found in these intermolecular interaction regionsviaHirshfeld atomic partitioning of the electron populations. These results, along with the `conservation of bond orders' tested in the interaction regions, establish the significant role of localized atom...atom interactions in the formation of these intermolecular binding motifs.
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43

Shankar Kumar, Ch Ravi, S. Deepthi i Anjali Jha. "Charge Transfer Interactions of p-Azoxyanisole Complexes for Electrooptical Activity". Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, nr 7 (2020): 1603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22624.

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In particular interactions due to organic-inorganic molecules results self assembled structures organize supramolecular structures for molecular, electronic and electrooptical properties. Supramolecular structures originated are complexes with organic (p-azoxyanisole) molecule, synthesized with metal nanoparticles (iron, copper and aluminium.) Spectroscopic studies interpret infrared spectra with wavenumbers of characteristic bands in assigned regions; wavenumbers with reduced intensity in Raman spectra attribute metal-organic framework with charge transfer. Designed frame work with dense participation of carriers interpret electron correlation and exchange interaction specifying molecular, electronic and electrooptical properties with Gaussian package using electron density method. Deterministic procedure attribute vital role of charge transfer interactions responsible in formation of complex with improvement in properties responsible for electrooptical activity.
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44

Ndayishimiye, Richard, i Dominique Niyondiko. "Transferring performance-based financing practices in Burundi health system: the role of actors’ interactions". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, nr 7 (25.06.2021): 3238. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212572.

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Background: For the past twenty years, African countries have experienced a massive deployment of performance-based financing practices within health systems. These numerous transfers involved several actors of different profiles and who intervened at different levels. At a time when many actors in their diversity are playing key role in the success or failure of the transfer process, the role of actors’ interactions in the transfer process of performance-based financing practices remains however less explored in context and in depth. This paper aimed to explore the role of actors’ interactions in the deployment of this process within Burundi health system.Methods: We conducted a case study of the transfer of performance-based financing practices within Burundi health system. 32 semi-structured interviews were carried out in addition to documentary technique and observation. In a qualitative approach, our interpretive approach followed an abductive reasoning to interpret the data collected. Conceptualization using NVivo12 software allowed to perform thematic and content analysis.Results: We argued that the transfer setting, the organizational specifics, the nature of the transferred practices, the levels of operationalization and the actors’ perceptions are determining factors of the deployment of the transfer process of performance-based financing practices. Moreover, the actors’ interactions as well as their causes and their effects affect the deployment of the transfer process.Conclusions: The actors’ interactions are shown to play moderating and mediating roles in the process of transferring those practices. Future research could focus on verifying and validating this role with quantitative methods.
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45

Liu, Wallace H., i Mair E. A. Churchill. "Histone transfer among chaperones". Biochemical Society Transactions 40, nr 2 (21.03.2012): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20110737.

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The eukaryotic processes of nucleosome assembly and disassembly govern chromatin dynamics, in which histones exchange in a highly regulated manner to promote genome accessibility for all DNA-dependent processes. This regulation is partly carried out by histone chaperones, which serve multifaceted roles in co-ordinating the interactions of histone proteins with modification enzymes, nucleosome remodellers, other histone chaperones and nucleosomal DNA. The molecular details of the processes by which histone chaperones promote delivery of histones among their many functional partners are still largely undefined, but promise to offer insights into epigenome maintenance. In the present paper, we review recent findings on the histone chaperone interactions that guide the assembly of histones H3 and H4 into chromatin. This evidence supports the concepts of histone post-translational modifications and specific histone chaperone interactions as guiding principles for histone H3/H4 transactions during chromatin assembly.
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46

Gophna, Uri, i Yanay Ofran. "Lateral acquisition of genes is affected by the friendliness of their products". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, nr 1 (13.12.2010): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009775108.

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A major factor in the evolution of microbial genomes is the lateral acquisition of genes that evolved under the functional constraints of other species. Integration of foreign genes into a genome that has different components and circuits poses an evolutionary challenge. Moreover, genes belonging to complex modules in the pretransfer species are unlikely to maintain their functionality when transferred alone to new species. Thus, it is widely accepted that lateral gene transfer favors proteins with only a few protein–protein interactions. The propensity of proteins to participate in protein–protein interactions can be assessed using computational methods that identify putative interaction sites on the protein. Here we report that laterally acquired proteins contain significantly more putative interaction sites than native proteins. Thus, genes encoding proteins with multiple protein–protein interactions may in fact be more prone to transfer than genes with fewer interactions. We suggest that these proteins have a greater chance of forming new interactions in new species, thus integrating into existing modules. These results reveal basic principles for the incorporation of novel genes into existing systems.
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47

Ren, Hai-Chao, Lin-Xiang Ji, Tu-Nan Chen, Xian-Zhen Jia, Rui-Peng Liu, Xiu-Qing Zhang, Dong-Qing Wei, Xiao-Feng Wang i Guang-Fu Ji. "Intermolecular Vibration Energy Transfer Process in Two CL-20-Based Cocrystals Theoretically Revealed by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectra". Molecules 27, nr 7 (26.03.2022): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072153.

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Inspired by the recent cocrystallization and theory of energetic materials, we theoretically investigated the intermolecular vibrational energy transfer process and the non-covalent intermolecular interactions between explosive compounds. The intermolecular interactions between 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and between 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) and CL-20 were studied using calculated two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectra and the independent gradient model based on the Hirshfeld partition (IGMH) method, respectively. Based on the comparison of the theoretical infrared spectra and optimized geometries with experimental results, the theoretical models can effectively reproduce the experimental geometries. By analyzing cross-peaks in the 2D IR spectra of TNT/CL-20, the intermolecular vibrational energy transfer process between TNT and CL-20 was calculated, and the conclusion was made that the vibrational energy transfer process between CL-20 and TNTII (TNTIII) is relatively slower than between CL-20 and TNTI. As the vibration energy transfer is the bridge of the intermolecular interactions, the weak intermolecular interactions were visualized using the IGMH method, and the results demonstrate that the intermolecular non-covalent interactions of TNT/CL-20 include van der Waals (vdW) interactions and hydrogen bonds, while the intermolecular non-covalent interactions of HMX/CL-20 are mainly comprised of vdW interactions. Further, we determined that the intermolecular interaction can stabilize the trigger bond in TNT/CL-20 and HMX/CL-20 based on Mayer bond order density, and stronger intermolecular interactions generally indicate lower impact sensitivity of energetic materials. We believe that the results obtained in this work are important for a better understanding of the cocrystal mechanism and its application in the field of energetic materials.
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48

Heldt, J., i M. Kasha. "Dielectric medium interactions in proton-transfer and charge-transfer mole electronic excitation". Journal of Molecular Liquids 41 (październik 1989): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7322(89)80086-8.

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49

Taufiq, Muhammad, Suhirman Suhirman i Benedictus Kombaitan. "Proses Transaktif, Interaksi Antar Aktor Agen Transfer dalam Pembangunan Lokal". TATALOKA 22, nr 3 (31.08.2020): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.22.3.400-408.

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Planning as a decision-making tool got intervention from the actors involved in it, through deliberation which is transactive planning and face-to-face dialogue between planners as transfer agents and the community. This situation has resulted in a mismatch between the priority policies for using the budget set at the local level and the implementation guidelines set by the central government. Questions arise how interactions between actors occurred in a transactive process. This article evaluates the interaction between involved actors in the transactive process, which occurs during a practice of local development planning program activity. Evaluations were carried out on village fund program cases in Indonesia, through qualitative approach analysis. The study aims to provide an understanding of the interactions between transfer agent actors during deliberation at the local level. The results show that the interaction between transfer agents conduct through the practice of dominating ideas, which tend to emphasize the dominance of certain parties in prioritizing budget use policies.
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50

Cho, Minjeong, Yongyun Hwang i Haecheon Choi. "Scale interactions and spectral energy transfer in turbulent channel flow". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 854 (10.09.2018): 474–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.643.

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Spectral energy transfer in a turbulent channel flow is investigated at Reynolds number $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\simeq 1700$, based on the wall shear velocity and channel half-height, with a particular emphasis on full visualization of triadic wave interactions involved in turbulent transport. As in previous studies, turbulent production is found to be almost uniform, especially over the logarithmic region, and the related spanwise integral length scale is approximately proportional to the distance from the wall. In the logarithmic and outer regions, the energy balance at the integral length scales is mainly formed between production and nonlinear turbulent transport, the latter of which plays the central role in the energy cascade down to the Kolmogorov microscale. While confirming the classical role of the turbulent transport, the triadic wave interaction analysis unveils two new types of scale interaction processes, highly active in the near-wall and the lower logarithmic regions. First, for relatively small energy-containing motions, part of the energy transfer mechanisms from the integral to the adjacent small length scale in the energy cascade is found to be provided by the interactions between larger energy-containing motions. It is subsequently shown that this is related to involvement of large energy-containing motions in skin-friction generation. Second, there exists a non-negligible amount of energy transfer from small to large integral scales in the process of downward energy transfer to the near-wall region. This type of scale interaction is predominant only for the streamwise and spanwise velocity components, and it plays a central role in the formation of the wall-reaching inactive part of large energy-containing motions. A further analysis reveals that this type of scale interaction leads the wall-reaching inactive part to scale in the inner units, consistent with the recent observation. Finally, it is proposed that turbulence production and pressure–strain spectra support the existence of the self-sustaining process as the main turnover dynamics of all the energy-containing motions.
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