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Mayet, Aurélie Anthony. "Étude des trajectoires d'usage de substances psychoactives chez l'adolescent et l'adulte jeune : Exploration de la théorie de l'escalade". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725997.
Pełny tekst źródłaFribourg, Bertrand. "Dynamiques des réseaux relationnels et trajectoires sociales d'usage des TIC au moment du passage à la vie adulte". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00261373.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe premier axe problématique porte sur les logiques d'équipement. Une typologie montre que la diversité des modes d'accès aux TIC est en rapport avec des modèles transitionnels, définis comme l'intersection des trajectoires matrimoniales et professionnelles.
Ensuite, des portraits détaillés, catégorie par catégorie, mettent en évidence les liens entre le cheminement des acteurs, les différenciations sociales dans l'élaboration des sociabilités et les dynamiques d'appropriation des TIC. Les trajectoires d'usage se révèlent fondamentalement associées à des rythmes biographiques typiques portant la marque des héritages sociaux et scolaires comme des rapports sociaux de sexe.
Vrillon, Eléonore. "De l'égalité formelle aux usages réels : déterminants et effets du suivi des MOOC dans les trajectoires socio-professionnelles". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH014/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaEducation and vocational training are central institutions in today’s society. They play an important role in guaranteeing people’s social and professional integration. They are also considered strategic pillars of economic growth in “the knowledge society” (CE, 2000). However, despite their basis in democratic values and principles, there are still many inequalities in access and outcomes in both compulsory academic and vocational education. Moreover, because of the increasing flexibility and insecurity of work in the current labor market, a diploma is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for stable employment. In this context, the rise of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) raises questions about their contribution to the educational aims of equality and efficacy. Based on a mixed-methods approach, this thesis addresses the following research problem: To what extent does the formal equality of MOOC give people equal opportunities to use them, succeed in them, and earn tangible and subjective benefits? The analyses are carried out on data collected from 5709 people enrolled in 12 MOOC on the FUN platform, interviewed again one year later (n=1778), and on 32 interviews. Results show that the use of MOOC seems to reproduce social inequalities in educational access. Indeed, the people who enroll already have high levels of human capital and highly stable and qualified employment; furthermore, they are accustomed to professional training and have intense cultural practices. Rather than acting as a new way to access education and training for underserved people, MOOC seem to be a new resource for privileged individuals, and access to them appears to require implicit prerequisites. However, the typology of MOOC uses shows that even for these people, MOOC can be an additional training opportunity. Mainly used for disinterested purposes, such as “edutainment” or cultural interest, they are also real training and educational supports. Nevertheless, these types of uses are not strongly determined. When achievement and certification are used as indicators to assess the success of these social uses, results show no social inequalities in outcomes. However, at least in the short term, participating in a MOOC does not have any tangible impact on professional careers: Rather, their effects are subjective. Considering the “biographical path” of these people (Bourdon, 2010), I find that they use MOOC both to sustain individual and professional identities and to facilitate social transitions. Instead of competing with the role played by diplomas in France, MOOC seem to be a new “halo” of these educational credentials, participating in the development of the need to acquire skills throughout one’s career and reinforcing the trend towards life-long learning
Bouzid, Feriel. "Restitution des dynamiques d’usage des technologies numériques d’information et de la communication en Tunisie : entre action publique et réception sociale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL4003.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the beginning of the 2000s, the Tunisian public authorities have considered digital ICT as a motor of the economy and society, sometimes for building an information society and sometimes for socio-economic development. However, these logics through discourse and public action demonstrate discrepancies, distances and discernible dissonances in Internet censorship. In 2011, although the regime in place has fallen, the digital ICT continue to be understood as a tool serving development. If various works postulate for a lure and a myth of a saving technology, the public authorities consider digital ICT as an economy lever which willallow Tunisia to rise to the rank of regional technological hub. In this context, we investigate the social reception of these policies and public actions in Tunisia. Thus, we propose a study of these political logics in confrontation with social logics following a serial longitudinal analytical approach which reconstructs them and highlights both continuities, ruptures, outcomes, failures, encounters, distances, deviations or reconciliations, in pre-revolutionary, revolutionary and post-revolutionary periodic series
Roszak, Muriel. "Toxicomanie, modes de traitements et trajectoires d'usagers (1970-200)". Rennes 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN20015.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe first part of this research concerns the diversity of the discussions about the addiction phenomena. The purpose is to illustrate the importance of the representations, the explanatory theories and the various discussions that evolve and influence themselves permanently. The second part is consecrated to the way of taking charge the illicit psychotropic substances' users which is influenced by discussions and common representations that affect the way to orientate these persons at the justice's level as well as the developed therapeutics' level. In the last part, trajectories of psychotropic substances' users who have given up without an institutional help are described. The trajectories' commentaries do not form a diagnosis but they allow noting some psychopathological elements which punctuate these trajectories
SEO, TAE-IL. "Integration des effets de deformation d'outil en generation de trajectoire d'usinage". Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT2062.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuc, Emmanuel. "Usinage de formes gauche : contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité des trajectoires d'usinage". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0034.
Pełny tekst źródłaSalaün, Rémi. "L'héritage touristique. Trajectoire d'un lieu périurbain : trajectoire d'un lieu périurbain : la forêt de Fontainebleau". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H126/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTourist place since the 19th century, the forest of Fontainebleau knows a paradoxical situation since the 1960's. The estimation of his attendance is increasing, passer-by from 9 million in 1969 to 17 million in 1999. At the same time, the set of the tourist services disappears in the forest. Around the forest, the territory knows a decrease of the number of tourist beds. Exurbanisation pulled a residential transition where an important part of second homes became main homes. This process brings us to reflect about the evolution of the practices and the representations of the place. The objective of this thesis is to study the trajectory of the place by questioning its tourist inheritance. Our research leans on an ethnographical survey c the recreational practices in the forest of Fontainebleau and the associative tissue in the territory of Fontainebleau. Also, we study a documentary corpus mobilizing archives, artistic works and tourist literature. The forest of Fontainebleau constitutes a laboratory to question the notion of tourism with regard to the modem perception of the wilderness area. It also allows to wonder about the power of places builds by the tourism in inhabitants' anchoring of the territory and the conflicts which it can engender
Djebali, Sonia. "Optimisation globale du processus d'usinage des surfaces gauches". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2496/.
Pełny tekst źródłaCurrently, free-form surfaces are used in various fields of activity, such as a manufacturing moulds or matrix used to make the models. The free form surfaces present a set of curved zones, i. E. Concave and convex zones, these surfaces require a high quality level and reduced shape defects. Their machining is long, not optimized and costly, to date: the machining of free form surfaces is done using the spherical tool with respecting roughness quality. The object of this study is to minimize the machining time of the free-form surfaces using toric end mill cutter and parallel planes milling strategy, with respecting roughness quality. The analytical expression of the machining time is unknown and by hypothesis, it is assumed to be proportional to the paths length crossed by the cutting tool. Those paths length depend on the feed direction and the maximal scallop height criteria must not be exceeded. To have an optimal feed direction at any point, the surface is divided into zones with low variation of the steepest slope direction. The optimization problem was formulated in order to minimize the global path length. Furthermore, a penalty reflecting the time loss due to the movement of the tool from one zone to another one is taken into account. The optimization problem is to minimize the path long trajectory crossed by the tool on the surface while respecting scallop height criteria. The optimization parameters are the number and the geometrical of the zones and the optimal feed direction in each zone. To resolve this problem, several optimization methods are used: combinatorial optimization and stochastic optimization. These methods are applied on a test surface and after simulations, the results obtained present a significant saving of paths length compared to the machining in one zone with spherical tool
Pechard, Pierre-Yves. "GÉNÉRATION DE TRAJECTOIRES D'USINAGE GRANDE VITESSE 5 AXES PAR FLANC D'OUTIL : INTÉGRATION D'UN CRITÈRE DE FLUIDITÉ". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573186.
Pełny tekst źródłaLarue, Arnaud. "Prise en compte des déformations d'un outil dans le calcul des trajectoires d'usinage en fraisage de profil". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DENS0017.
Pełny tekst źródłaSenatore, Johanna. "Analyse qualitative des paramètres influents pour la planification des trajectoires sur surfaces gauches". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30262.
Pełny tekst źródłaTournier, Christophe. "Contribution à la conception des formes complexes : la surface d'usinage en fraisage 5 axes isocrête". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366649.
Pełny tekst źródłaLibessart, Gwendal. "Modélisation prédictive des propriétés des sols urbains basée sur leur historique d'usages". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0120.
Pełny tekst źródłaLand take and the associated environmental issues (heat islands, flooding, biodiversity degradation) have become a major issue in urban planning and development. The objective of this thesis is to propose an approach to characterise urban soils based on the analysis of their historical trajectory of land use, considering that the land use successions and the associated human practices determine the physico-chemical properties of soils. To do this, a scientific approach based on three complementary approaches was carried out to achieve an operational methodological proposal for predictive mapping of urban soil properties. The first approach is cartographic and documentary, and aims to better characterise the historical trajectories of urban soils and thus to better understand all of the human practices that the soils have undergone over time. It turns out that twenty historical trajectories are sufficient to describe the majority of the surface area of an urban unit. Moreover, the majority of historical trajectories represent land use successions composed of a maximum of one or two land uses, showing a low dynamic of land use changes and practices over time. The second approach is a field approach aimed at characterising the impact of three historical trajectories representative of urban soils on the physico-chemical properties of soils. It highlights the link between the historical trajectory of a soil and its physical and chemical properties. The impact of human practices on soil properties also appears to be dependent on the intensity of the practices carried out on the soil. These links, which are still underdeveloped, could be highlighted by the development of a new concept: the "anthroposequence". The last approach is an experimental approach that helps to characterise the pedogenetic processes involved during these historical trajectories and to describe the evolution of physico-chemical properties over time. It shows that the individual effects of practices can be contrary to the effect resulting from the whole of these practices. Moreover, the pedogenetic processes put forward during these experiments reflect the reality of the field, thus reinforcing the proposed experimental method. Thus, these three methodological approaches were finally discussed in order to transcribe the results obtained into "simple" rules allowing the cartographic prediction of soil types and certain agronomic parameters in urban environments through the knowledge of historical trajectories
Tapie, Laurent. "Décomposition topologiques des outillages de forge pour la Génération de trajectoires UGV". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00254941.
Pełny tekst źródłaAffouard, Armelle. "Intégration du comportement cinématique des machines-outils lors du calcul de trajectoires d'usinage : résolution du problème de singularité géométrique en usinage à 5 axes". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DENS0010.
Pełny tekst źródłaWithin the framework of 5 axis machining of complex surfaces, we study the influence of a tool path calculated by a CAM system on the kinematic behavior of the machine tool in High Speed Machining (HSM). HSM aims at ensuring a high displacement rate of the machine tool axes, therefore to introduce a higher continuity into the trajectory, in two ways: either by establishing a better planning of the tool's axis orientation, or by optimizing the description format of the trajectory itself. The introduction of a new description format generates a problem: the kinematic singularity for which we propose a geometrical model and a method of trajectory deformation in order to avoid it. Solving the problem pertains to a more general framework which relates to the optimization of the tool's axis orientation in the workspace in order to improve the kinematic behavior of the rotation axes of the machine tool
Mayet, Aurélie. "Étude des trajectoires d’usage de substances psychoactives chez l’adolescent et l’adulte jeune : Exploration de la théorie de l’escalade". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05S008/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAccording to Gateway theory, tobacco or alcohol uses may lead to cannabis use, which may itself lead to initiation with other illicit drugs (OID). The aim of this study was to study the transitions between use of licit drugs, cannabis and OID. Data from two large population-based surveys (ESCAPAD for adolescents and Baromètre santé for young adults (year 2005)) were used. Self-reported ages at initiation of several substance uses permitted to define different stages of use. The analyses of transition between uses were performed using structural equation models and Markov multi-states models, taking into account some cofactors. Results of this study permitted to describe a drug use stage process, mediated by cannabis and susceptible to lead to OID use. These results were in accordance with the Gateway theory described by Kandel in 1975 and satisfied to some criteria: strength and stability of associations, dose-response trend, coherence with previous research and temporal relation. The theory which emerge from our research could be a “string of opportunities”, OID experiment being a consequence of initial opportunity to use the more accessible illicit drug, cannabis. However, it is important to mention that the Gateway theory, despite compatible with the majority of sequences of uses observed, is presently questioned by some authors which prefer the theory of a common vulnerability factor to addictions
Le, Dantec Joel. "Les établissements médico-sociaux destinés à l'accueil des adultes en situation de handicap mental ou psychique. La construction d'une diversité d'usages entre prises en charge totalisantes et ouvertures sur des trajectoires singulières (1975-2005)". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458286.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Dantec Joël. "Les établissements médico-sociaux destinés à l'accueil des adultes en situation de handicap mental ou psychique : la construction d'une diversité d'usages entre prises en charge totalisantes et ouvertures sur des trajectoires singulières (1975-2005)". Toulouse 2, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458286.
Pełny tekst źródłaMeeting people with intellectual or psychic disabilities is a source of unease for 'normal' people. Until recently, these persons were assigned to institutional places and housing. But at the same time that these placements were being made, theses persons were also gradually invited to find a place within the ideal of the emancipated and empowered individual. It the meeting of these two traditions and their uses that produce what now appears to be the diversity of trajectories that occur in the space of the medical/social bureaucracy. This thesis based on an investigation of their intersections in sheltered work establishments during the period from 1975 to 2005, explores the effects of the encounters between these traditions and their practical uses. The first section presents the mental disabilities in relation to the obligations of social interactions in daily life. In a second stage these infirmities of sign are presented in relation to the historical transformations of these expectations and in relation to the devices established to support these disabilities. The second section, based on interviews of disabled persons and an examination of archives, offers typical segments of these trajectories as viewed by these persons. The third section examines the share of professional mediations in the construction of these intersections. In conclusion, these investigations lead to infer that the practices resulting of this ideal of emancipation, whose current directional words would be accountability, supportive community living and coordinated social work, could lead to new moral obligations and… to new practical uses of theses obligations
Prat, David. "Développement et modélisation de stratégies de fraisage 5 axes de finition -Application à l’usinage de veines fermées". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0043/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe surface quality of closed fluid veins rotating parts of turbo machines participates in the machine output. It is therefore essential to control the finishing of veins in 5-axis machining with a ball end mill. The titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is one of the materials used and suffers from a poor machinability. The choice of cutting parameters affects the surface quality and the life of the cutter. In order to control the 5-axis milling, characterization methods of cutting are developed for linear and circular paths. Effective diameters and the uncut chip thickness is responsible for several phenomena associated with the cut such as the cutting speed, the speed of evolution of the tool wear, the milling modes and cutting forces. Tests are the link between measures of cutting forces and surface quality and characterization methods of cutting. Once the 5-axis machining with ball end mill characterized, two strategies of finishing closed veins in multiaxis are developed keeping constant the feed speed of the contact and the relative orientation of the tool axis with the normal the local surface. The plunge milling strategy is characterized by a curvature continuous trajectory. The helical milling strategy reveals tangent discontinuities of the trajectory. A method of local smoothing trajectory is then developed to provide a reasonable kinematics and dynamics behavior of machine
Al-Ahmad, Mohamad. "Industrialisation de procédé : contribution à la maîtrise de l'opération de tréflage ou fraisage vertical-approches analytique et expérimentale". Phd thesis, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003737.
Pełny tekst źródłaOlabi, Adel. "Amélioration de la précision des robots industriels pour des applications d'usinage a grande vitesse". Phd thesis, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00649019.
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