Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Traitements membranaires”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Traitements membranaires”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
Hourlier, Fanny. "Traitements des eaux grises par procédés membranaires et/ou biologiques en vue de leur recyclage à l'intérieur de leur bâtiment". Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2026.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present work deals with the comparative investigation of membrane technologies, used directly or combined with a biological treatment, in order to reuse greywaters inside buildings. First, synthetic greywaters were formulated to allow the selected processes to be studied in similar conditions, that is to say with a complete mastery over the composition of the effluent. The results show that the effluent characteristics are representative of those of real greywaters. Secondly, the hydraulic and treatment performances of two greywaters recycling processes were studied. The first one is a tubular nanofiltration membrane used without any pre-treatment device. The influence of several parameters was assessed while treating synthetic greywater. These results were validated by filtering real greywaters in similar operating conditions. Thanks to these experiments, the influence of the molecular weight cutoff and of the transmembrane pressure on the performance of the process has been evaluated. A conversion rate of 87. 5 % was reached, and the permeate quality was consistent with the most stringent regulations on water reuse inside buildings. The second process considered is a submerged membrane bioreactor, in which the ultrafiltration hollow-fibres membrane module is placed outside the bioreactor, in a side-stream position. The impact of various operating parameters and of the biological activity on process performances was measured. The results show that the permeate quality and the achievable volume flux densities are strongly influenced by the transmembrane pressure applied, by the duration of extraction, backwashing and relaxation steps, and by the activated sludge loading. Finally, the study is concluded by a techno-economic analysis, in which both processes are compared, and the key results obtained during the study are given
Derrien, Danièle. "Modulateur de la réponse immune : ciblage par des polymères glycosyles reconnus par les lectines membranaires des macrophages murins". Orléans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ORLE2037.
Pełny tekst źródłaDjimadoum-Ley, Ngardigal. "Incidence d'une dose subinhibitrice de pimaricine sur la physiologie et sur les structures pariétales et membranaires d'une souche de candida albicans". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10012.
Pełny tekst źródłaViard, Antoine. "Structure, élaboration, propriétés et modification de surface de fibres creuses non-oxydes à partir de polymères pré-céramiques pour des applications membranaires". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT243.
Pełny tekst źródłaNew ceramic materials have progressively emerged during the last century and continuously drew attention for diverse applications. This comes from the numerous and various properties they can exhibit. A great advantage of this type of materials is their mechanical, thermal and chemical stabilities, that makes ceramics of great interest for applications in harsh environments. This trend is especially perceptible in the field of membranes. In fact, despite their moderate cost, polymer membranes, which are mostly used, are very sensitive to the environment in which they are used and require to be replaced regularly. This justifies the search for alternatives and for more resistant materials like ceramics. Various shaping are possible to build a membrane, but among these, shapings in form of tubes have aroused particular enthusiasm because of their advantages in terms of surface/volume ratio and of lower mass transport resistance. Most of used and commercialized ceramics are based on oxide chemical compositions. This constitutes a drawback concerning the aging of the membranes and their stability at very high temperatures. Another type of ceramics, non oxide silicon based ceramics, exhibits very interesting properties which could eventually palliate these problems. In general, such materials are produced through the PDC route (Polymer Derived Ceramic route), especially because of the impossibility to proceed by more conventional methods for many of them. The principle of this bottom-up method is to synthesize preceramic polymers which can be converted into ceramics through an appropriate heat treatment. This enables a very good control of the chemical structure of the final ceramics and so a great versatility. Among these materials, the quaternary system Si-B-C-N has aroused big interest because of its extraordinary thermostructural properties coupled to chemical inertness. Thus, the present work has been focused on the preparation and application of this ceramic. Another advantage of the PDC route can be found in the possible shaping arising from the polymeric nature of the precursors. This method has been widely used for the production of thin ceramic fibers by using the melt-spinning process. The main objective of this thesis is the design of SiBCN ceramic hollow fibers and capillaries based on this shaping method. The aim is the preparation of very stable membrane supports at relatively low costs compared to conventional processes used to shape ceramic materials, often involving a sintering treatment at a very high temperature. These supports could be used in gas separation and water treatment applications. More precisely, chapter 1 presents a state of the art and allows to give the context and the motivations of this work. Chapter 2 discusses on the synthesis techniques and on the used methods. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the production of SiBCN ceramic hollow fibers by studying in details the precursors chemical structure used for this purpose before investigating its ceramic conversion and the evolution of the microstructure of the resulting ceramic. Chapter 4 is dealing with the production of SiBCN ceramic capillaries. The precursor used is characterized as well as the resulting ceramic. The last chapter gives some perspectives by proposing different methods of surface modifications of the hollow fibers and the capillaries presented in chapters 3 and 4
Dao, Thanh Duong. "Procédés membranaires pour l'élimination des métaux lourds : application de la distillation membranaire à l'élimination de l'Arsenic contenu dans les eaux". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0040/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD work deals with vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) for arsenic removal from groundwaters. Contamination of water resources with arsenic was identified in 105 countries. Approximately 150 million people are being exposed to arsenic contamination, and 147 million of these people live in Asia. In Vietnam, chosen as the case study of this work, 13% of the population is being in risk of arsenic poisoning. Drinking water resources present not only high arsenic concentration (1 – 3050 ppb) but also high salinity (5 – 15 g/L). This work allowed demonstrating the feasibility of VMD to remove arsenic and also salts contained in groundwaters. As(III) concentration in the permeate of VMD was always lower than the standard level for drinking water (10 μg.L-1), even for high As(III) concentrations in the feed (up to 2000 μg.L-1). With VMD, a pre-oxidation step was not necessary to convert As(III) into As(V), as it is the case for other conventional treatment processes. Moreover, a coupling between reverse osmosis (RO) and VMD was studied. RO was considered as a first step to concentrate NaCl and As(III) before this retentate stream was further concentrated by the VMD. VMD could work efficiently with 99.9% of As(III) andNaCl rejections at a very high RO retentate concentrations ([NaCl] = 300 g/L and [As(III)] = 7000 ppb). Arsenic in the permeate was still lower than the required standard for drinking water. Finally, a simulation of the coupling was performed. By coupling of RO and VMD, ahigh global recovery of 96% could be achieved
Yammine, Sami. "Extraction des molécules à haute valeur ajoutée par eau sous critique et fractionnement par procédés membranaires : Valorisation des co-produits de la vigne et du vin par des procédés éco-innovants". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0056/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work has dealt with extraction of natural substances from winery by-products using "green" processes such as extraction by subcritical water and purification by membrane processes. These processes are an alternative to solvent extraction traditionally used in the natural products industry. Main part of the work was done on different grape pomace, extraction was optimized and compared in terms of yield, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of extracts. Dunkelfelder extracts exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity and comparison of chemical compositions of the different extracts indicated. Furthermore this Dunkelfelder grape pomace was used as model in order to optimize the different process parameters such as temperature, pressure and hydraulic retention time. After the subcritical water extraction, extracts produced were found to be rich in several families of molecules. An essential purification step of target compounds prior to industrial use was indispensable. Coupling the subcritical water with membrane processes offers an innovative solution for the purification of these extracts. Thereby, the extract was assayed in a cross-flow apparatus against eleven membranes of ultrafiltration (100 to 2 kDa) and nine membranes of nanofiltration (1000 to 150 Da). The monitoring of the process was carried out by determining performance parameters and retention coefficients of different families of macro and micromolecules. The results obtained have demonstrated that the use of membrane technologies could bring innovative changes in the recovery of bioactive compounds for future industries
Abusaloua, Ali. "Réacteur catalytique membranaire pour le traitement d'effluents liquides". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703265.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbusaloua, Ali. "Réacteur catalytique membranaire pour le traitement d’effluents liquides". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10122/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this study was to evaluate catalytic membrane reactor for wet oxidation efficiencies of pollutants in waste water. In a first part, we have prepared catalytic membrane using several techniques of deposition in order to well control the position of the active phase in the porous structure. After optimisation of the experimental parameters, the study of pollutant degradation has showed that catalytic membrane reactor, in contactor configuration present highest efficiency than conventional reactor due to optimized contacts between reactants and active sites
Girard, Martin. "Traitement des effluents de l'industrie du désencrage par procédés membranaires". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1997. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4882/1/000631161.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCecchelli, Roméo. "Traitement membranaire des glycosyl-nucléotides aux sites de glycosylation". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603694x.
Pełny tekst źródłaHeng, Samuel. "Réacteur catalytique membranaire pour le traitement de l'eau par ozonation". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20128.
Pełny tekst źródłaA novel double membrane reactor was constructed and tested for continuous water and wastewater treatment by ozonation. The coupling of membrane separation and ozonation in the same reactor was found to significantly enhance the degradation of the selected model organic pollutant, while preventing fouling of the zeolite membrane. In parallel, an original ozonation method has been developed for removing the organic template from the zeolite membrane pores. This low temperature activation method results in higher quality membranes compared to traditional activation methods. Additionally, catalysts commonly reported in the literature to be active for ozonation were prepared and tested. The results demonstrated that gamma alumina and alumina supported catalysts do not have a real catalytic activity. The observed enhancement of organic removal during catalytic ozonation is mainly due to the contribution of adsorption and possibly to metal leaching from the catalyst
Luo, Jianquan. "Traitement d'effluents industriels par filtration membranaire dynamique à fort cisaillement". Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2026.
Pełny tekst źródłaMembrane filtration is easy to combine with other technologies to treat industrial wastewater, for the production of reusable water and the reutilization of organic/inorganic components. But flux decline due to concentration polarization and membrane fouling is an important limitation in applying membrane technologies to recycle wastewater. In order to reduce flux decline, shear-enhanced membrane filtration was used to treat detergent and dairy wastewaters in this work. Flux behaviors, fouling mechanisms, foulant roles and control strategies in recycling wastewater by shear-enhanced membrane filtration were investigated to provide useful information for industrial applications. The flux decline in the treatment of detergent wastewater by nanofiltration (NF) could be controlled as the surfactant concentration polarization layer was reduced by high shear rate on the membrane. Increasing feed pH had a positive effect by enhancing electrostatic repulsion between surfactant molecules and membrane. The membrane fouling layer could be broken up by water rinse, and thus membrane permeability could be fully recovered without any chemical cleaning. Membrane fouling in the treatment of dairy wastewater was more complicated. When operating at high shear rate and pressure, after a stable flux period, a slow flux decline caused by surface adsorption of foulants (lactose, multivalent salt ions and their aggregates) occurred. In this adsorption fouling stage, pore narrowing and blocking governed by foulant–membrane interaction were the main fouling mechanisms. In absence of chemical cleaning, this adsorption fouling could induce cake fouling formation by proteins-calcium aggregates, resulting in severe flux decline. Ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment could reduce NF membrane fouling at low shear rate due to the elimination of caseins and whey proteins, while it had a negative effect on NF of UF permeate at high shear rates. Two new membrane operations, i. E. At extreme hydrodynamic conditions and threshold flux conditions, were proposed. Extreme hydrodynamic conditions consists in high shear rate and high applied pressure (up to 40 bar), while threshold flux operation implies limiting the flux to reduce fouling (the point above which flux ceases to increase linearly with transmembrane pressure). The former had high process efficiency and good permeate quality, but the latter is advantageous in long-term runs due to low flux decline. It can be concluded that, using shear-enhanced membrane filtration, flux decline can be well controlled by its high shear rate on the membrane. Extreme hydrodynamic operation with suitable chemical cleaning and threshold flux operation with low fouling rate, are two possible choices for dynamic shear-enhanced membrane process. The comparison and applicability of these two operations need to be further studied
Mzahma, Sourour. "Impact sur des sols agricoles et des plantes de l'irrigation par des effluents textiles traités". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAH001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe textile industry is the most polluting of all industrial sectors. This sector is not only a large consumer of water, but it also discharges enormous quantities of wastewater loaded with salts, dyes, detergents, heavy metals, degradable organic materials, stabilizing agents, etc. The discharge of this water presents risks for hydro-ecosystems, soil, and plants. In addition to the harmful effects of untreated textile effluent on the environment, there is the problem of water scarcity which is becoming increasingly serious. the high demand for water in the agricultural sector, and the lack of fodder in some countries around the world such as Tunisia. In this sense, several processes have been developed to treat textile effluents such as chemical oxidation, chemical coagulation, biodegradation, adsorption, and membrane processes. However, few studies have focused on the impact of irrigation with these treated effluents on soils and plants.The objective of this thesis is the reuse of treated textile effluent (TTE) using scenarios of agricultural valorization of these waters. This work consists of submitting biological treatment (TB) effluents from a Tunisian textile factory to additional treatments by ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO). Given that TB effluents are characterized by high salinity, a coupling scenario was considered by mixing 50/50 (V: V) biological treatment water (TB) with well water (S) (TB/S) and NF waters (TB/NF). The impact of irrigation with these waters on the physicochemical and biological parameters of the soil and on the growth, mineral composition, and absorption of MTE in a forage plant: Sesbania bispinosa was evaluated. A physicochemical characterization of irrigation water was carried out with an evaluation of the genotoxic potential of soils irrigated by TTE.The results indicate that the quality of TTE is not stable over time and varies according to the production processes. TB does not meet the requirements of the NT 106.03 standard relating to the reuse of wastewater in agriculture. These waters are characterized by high pH, EC, and Na+, Cl- and SO42- contents. Although NF and RO membranes effectively reduce salinity and the contents of these elements and do not present any risk to the soil and plants with the absence of genotoxic effect of soils on plants, these techniques produce more concentrated water discharges. Consequently, the coupling of TB water with well water constitutes the best alternative for agricultural valorization. This coupling made it possible to reduce the salinity of TB water by reducing the contents of chemical elements such as Na+, Cl-, and SO42-. The reuse of this water for agricultural purposes did not show negative effects on the growth and mineral nutrition of S.bispinosa, did not present risks on the physico-chemical quality of the soil, and contributed to an improvement in enzymatic activity in the soil. Therefore, water coupling constitutes a valorization option. It is a simple and inexpensive solution which, on the one hand, makes it possible to overcome the lack of water and, on the other hand, reduces the quantities of water released into the environment by the textile industries
MATAMOROS, HUGO. "Procedes membranaires pour le traitement des emulsions stabilisees de type fluide de coupe". Toulouse, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAT0003.
Pełny tekst źródłaHusain, Mohamed. "High speed atomic forc microscopy, for the study of structure and dynamics of membrane proteins". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066106.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Atomic force microscope (AFM) has become a fundamental and efficient technique in studying the structure and dynamics of the membrane proteins. The AFM allows the users to obtain high resolution images (sub-molecular range) at physiological conditions of the native biological molecules. The conventional AFM requires several minutes to obtain a single image. This frame rate is too slow to directly observe the dynamic structural changes like pH induced gating mechanisms etc. And dynamic biochemical process like protein-protein interactions etc. High speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM) addresses these issues and facilitates faster imaging at a live video rate. During the HS-AFM imaging, some difficulties arise such as uneven contrast of the images, drift due to the piezo in the scanner. Also for better understanding of the motion of the membrane proteins, it is required to localize the molecules and generate motion tracks of these protein molecules. In this thesis, I have developed a JAVA-based HS-AFM image analysis and treatment package, which is integrated in the ImageJ image analysis platform, where it is possible to overcome the imaging difficulties and better analysis of the sample membrane protein molecules. Next, I applied HS-AFM as an imaging tool to study the OmpG channel protein, from the Eschericia coli. The pH induced opening and the closing of the channel are imaged at video rate. Finally, I studied the vesicular photosynthetic membranes from Rhodospirillum photometricum. The resulting high resolution live movies of the biological processes show us how these membrane proteins interact in the native environment
Triger, Aurelien. "Procédé hybride cristallisation et séparation membranaire pour le traitement d'un fluide complexe (urine)". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0045/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe development of decentralized and specific sanitation system is an issue that concerns both the improvement of sanitary conditions in the poorest area of the world and the development of renewable sources of nutrients for agriculture. This study aims to provide some elements about a treatment line including crystallization and membrane separation for the treatment and valorization of urine. Crystallization allows to recover phosphorus and part of nitrogen contained in urine. Membrane separation is used in order to remove bacteria and viruses from urine. To check the potentialities of these processes some tests were performed at labscale with synthetic and real human urines.It was shown that the struvite crystallization by magnesium addition with a ratio Mg:P=1,3:1 allows recovering most of the phosphorus from urine with a very rapid kinetics (about 20s). Influence of mixing conditions, urine storage, organic matter and initial crystals in urine was studied in batch and continuous reactor. Ultrafiltrations of different pretreated urines (no pretreatment, stored urine, stored and crystallized urine) were performed with PES, PAN and PVDF membranes. Mechanisms responsible for an important flux decline during urine flitration were studied. Specific influence of particular, colloidal and soluble fraction on the flux decline was also evidenced. On these basis different possible treatment lines of urines are proposed and discussed
Azoug, Cécile. "Procédés membranaires appliqués au traitement de rejets contenant du cadmium : ultrafiltration assistée par des tensioactifs". Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30032.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbdelmoumni, Lei͏̈la. "Epuration et transfert de matière en réacteur anaérobie membranaire". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20095.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarretier, Séverine. "Intérêts des procédés membranaires dans le post-traitement des digestats liquides et valorisation des co-produits". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20049/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntense spreading of livestock wastes are recognized to be detrimental to the environment due to their content of organic matter and mineral fraction. Then, it would appear to be necessary to promote greens treatments processes. In fact, anaerobic digestion allows the production of biogas (extremely useful source of renewable energy), whilst digestate should be a highly valuable biofertilizer This work enters in this approach by proposing to complete anaerobic digestion steps by the use of perm-selective membrane separation process. The first step is a clarification step by ultrafiltration, following by a soluble mineral concentration step by nanofiltration, low pressure and/or high pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO, HPRO). The tests were performed in a laboratory-scale pilot unit using real digestates. For clarification step, a cross-flow mode separation is obligate in view of suspended solid concentrations and viscosity which appeared as a determining factor for the choice of operative protocol. In any case, the ultra-filtration operation allows a high organic retention rate (of 80 to 90%). Conversely, soluble mineral retention remained at negligible as expected. The cut-off of ultrafiltration membrane is not a determining factor for this retention. Despite the cross-flow mode separation filtration induces a compound accumulation on the membrane which decreases significantly the permeability of filtering media. This permeability drop appears greater when suspension presents a high COD concentration. This criterion appears as a limiting factor to achieve a high volumic concentration factor (VCF). Membrane surface to develop is then directly related to the membrane permeability which depends on the digestate origin and VCF. The operational cost is linked directly to the energy required to ensure cross-flow mode. The retention of soluble mineral compounds by HPRO exceeds 90% whatever the target ions or the origine of digestate are. However, for NF and LPRO steps, this rejection depends on the target ions or the origine of digestate. In any case, organic retention is important (more than 90%) which allows significant discoloration of permeate. The, the more the electronic conductivity (EC) is, the more permeability decreases of suspension is important, due to an osmotic pressure and soluble compound accumulation on the membrane that increases with EC. This conductivity depends on initial digestate and, of course, of the chosen VCF target, which appears as decisive parameter for unit dimensioning. On the efficient energy, energy linked to separation step chosen is dominant in the absence of cross-flow mode of retentate. This work has allowed to confirm the potential interest of membrane separation to (i) obtain a final effluent: named fresh or new water and (ii) and (ii) to allow the production of liquid fertilizers.This work is financially supported by the National French Agency (Bio-Energy Program 2010, DIVA Project) and by TRIMATEC competitiveness cluster
Esmilaire, Roseline. "Matériaux membranaires en TiO₂ sous-stœchiométrique pour le traitement de l'eau par procédé électrochimique d'oxydation avancée". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT182.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis project aims to contribute to the sustainable management of water as an essential natural resource, through the development of an innovative technology based on the coupling of a baromembranar filtration process and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOP) in order to mineralize very stable organic molecules.Since these bio-refractory pollutants cannot be totally degraded by common oxidants (biological, O3, Cl2, H2O2), advanced oxidation processes (AOP) are thus considered. In electrochemistry, these hydroxyl radicals can be generated by water oxidation on carbon cathodes by the electro-Fenton process or on anode showing high oxygen evolution overvoltage like sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide and Boron Doped Diamond (BDD).This work deals with the development and characterization of tubular filtration membranes composed of the most conductive Magnéli phases: Ti4O7 and Ti5O9. These materials can be used in anodic oxidation process with lower manufacturing cost compared to BDD. Microfiltration tubular membranes composed of these phases were prepared with the support of CREE (Research Group of Saint-Gobain). They were elaborated by carbothermal reduction of TiO2, which is very innovative compared to dihydrogen reduction. TinO2n-1 powders (with 3 ≤ n ≤ 5) of controlled grain size were elaborated by electrofusion of TiO2 powder and coke followed by grinding. These powders were further used at the European Institute of Membranes to formulate stable suspensions of particles to prepare thin solid films of low microfiltration, by dip-coating or slip-casting. We also propose an original method for the production of thin layers of TinO2n-1 (n to be defined) by sol-gel route followed by a thermal treatment to obtain ultra or nanofiltration active layers. After optimization, those materials have shown their efficiency towards the degradation of bio-refractory compounds such as pharmaceutics (Paracetamol) when used as electrochemical reactive membranes either in static (beaker) or in dynamic mode (filtration pilot). The next step will focus on the coupling of the anodic oxidation and the baromembranar filtration processes using the reactive developed membranes. From first results, this technology appears really promising for the treatment of bio-refractory pollutants in water. This thesis was financially supported by the National Research Agency (NRA) within the framework of the ECO-TS program, the CElectrON project
Harrlekas, Farida. "Couplage des procédés membranaires aux techniques physico-chimiques ou biologiques pour le traitement des rejets liquides de l'industrie de textile". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL008N/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe treatment of textile wastewater is usually done by a set of physicochemical processes coupled with a biological treatment. The effluent quality abides with difficulty the norms for reuse or discharge in environment. Various treatment combinations have been tested such as coagulation-flocculation (CF) and adsorption on activated carbon (PAC) coupled with membrane technologies (microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF)), photocatalysis coupled with a biological treatment (membrane bioreactor (MBR) or a sequential batch reactor (SBR) or a biological and chemical anaerobic treatment. A general comparison was made to optimise the appropriate treatment. The combination CF-PAC-UF is the most effective of non-biological systems in terms of COD, absorbance and turbidity removal. The degradation of an azoïc and a phthalocyanine textile dyes by simple photocatalysis or combined to a membrane bioreactor has been investigated. Photocatalysis was achieved in a falling film reactor containing titanium dioxide fixed on cellulose fibres under UV irradiation. For both biological systems, although biomass was influenced by the variation of dyes concentration and the continuous operating mode for the MBR, it could resist to the applied conditions. However, even after pre-treatment where full decolouration was achieved, photocatalytic by-products were toxic and could inhibit COD removal. Chemical and biological anaerobic treatment have been applied to textile dyes and combined with a photocatalytic process. Photocatalysis was able to remove more than 90% color from crude as well as autoxidized reduced dye solutions. The photocatalytic end-products were not toxic toward methanogenic bacteria
Mai, Zhaohuan. "Procédés membranaires pour le traitement de l'eau, étude et modélisation des interctions entre membranes et composés organiques". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969165.
Pełny tekst źródłaImam-Sghiouar, Naïma. "Etude protéomique de cellules T Jurkat après traitement par de la Galectine-1 recombinante". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077220.
Pełny tekst źródłaHarrelkas, Farida Pons Marie-Noëlle Lakhal El Khadir. "Couplage des procédés membranaires aux techniques physico-chimiques ou biologiques pour le traitement des rejets liquides de l'industrie de textile". S. l. : S. l. : INPL ; Université Cadi Ayyad - Marrakech - Maroc, 2008. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2008_HARRELKAS_F.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitre provenant de l'écran-titre.
Teychené, Benoît. "Rôle des nanoparticules organiques dans le colmatage membranaire : application au traitement d'eaux usées urbaines par biopéacteur à membranes". Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000256/.
Pełny tekst źródłaDirect treatment of activated sludge in membrane bioreactor frequently results in low net fluxes and frequent maintenance operations. The water separation by membrane is largely determined by the quality of the activated sludge (AS) and by the mechanisms involved in fouling. Many research studies have focused on the understanding of fouling mechanisms and on the development of processes to reduce fouling in order to achieve a stable operation. This thesis investigates the role of fine “inert” particles (melamine and latex) on structuration of a fouling layer formed during membrane filtration of waters rich in natural organic matters (waste waters). Two cases were investigated: (i) the fine particles were mixed with AS supernatant and then filtered on a virgin microfiltration membrane. And secondly (ii) filtration was performed on a dynamic filter previously made of the fine particles. In order to characterise fouling layer properties during filtration a new experimental method was developed by measuring the electrical potential across the membrane as an in situ measurement. Results emphasized the important role in reversible fouling of macromolecular proteins present in the biopolymer of the water phase of the sludge. It was found that fouling layer induced by these macromolecules is highly compressible. Moreover results show that the addition of particles into biofluid diminishes the fouling layer compressibility and improve its removal by backwash. It was found that OM fouling resistance increase when latex particles are present whereas the resistances are lower when melamine is added. Thus even small interactions (small compared to classical adsorbent particles such as activated carbon) between particles and OM can improve the filterability of the biofluids. Results show that melamine particles are more prone to interact with organic matter than latex, and lead to less flux decline. However dynamic filter made of melamine leads to more flux decline and compressible organic matter layer but is easily removable. Add to this the measurement of electrical potential during fouling layer formation show, in simple case (filtration of fine particles alone), the possibility to characterise fouling layer properties in terms of surface charge and thickness
Jiang, Shan. "Netrin-3, a novel therapeutic target in cancer". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1344.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe proteins of the netrin family have been characterized mainly during embryonic development, as axonal guidance factors. However, these proteins also play a role in other mechanisms, including certain diseases. Netrin-1 is thus a recognized therapeutic target in oncology since molecules to block its activity are currently being developed. However, some members of this family have yet to be characterized. We were able to demonstrate that a strong expression of one of these factors was correlated with a poor prognosis for patient survival, in two cancer diseases. We hypothesized that this factor could be a survival protein that contributes to the aggressiveness of cancer cells
Sawadogo, Boukary. "Traitement des eaux usées industrielles par des procédés membranaires sous climat sahélien : cas des eaux usées de brasserie au Burkina Faso". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG085/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe beverage industries generate large volumes of wastewater daily. Due to production residues and washing and disinfecting products, these industrial discharges, in addition to being loaded with organic matter, contain mineral pollutants such as sodium. Reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED) and nanofiltration (NF) are efficient processes for the removal of dissolved inorganic pollutants and the membrane bioreactor (MBR) for the degradation of organic pollution. 4 MBR pilots, 2 from NF and 1 from ED were used to study the treatment of effluents from the beer and soft drinks industry using membrane technologies in the Sahelian climate context. The biomass evolution in the biological reactor and the treatment efficiency were followed. The influence of the operating conditions on the facilities running was also evaluated. The results obtained show that the characteristics of the industrial wastewater used vary significantly with average levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 5 gO2 / L, sodium of 0.5 mg / L and pH of 11. The evolution of the microorganisms in the biological reactor is influenced by the operating conditions, in particular the pH, the temperature, the organic load of the feed, the sludge retention time and the mechanical performance of the system. COD removal efficiencies between 93 and 96% were obtained both aerobically and anaerobically. Elimination of organic pollution was influenced by the acclimation of the biomass and by the mass loading in the reactor. Sodium was poorly retained by MBR treatment with low retention rates. The average biogas production yield with anaerobic MBR is estimated at 0.21 ± 0.03 L biogas/gCOD removed for an average flow rate of 89 ± 40 L/d. The application of NF to the MBR permeate has led to higher quality effluents with removal of both dissolved organic matter and ions. ED led to better salinity removal as a result of MBR but less of dissolved organic matter. The sodium concentrations in the final products of treatments obtained with NF and ED are less than 150 mg / L thus allowing a possible reuse of treated water for irrigation and a safe rejection in the environment. Taking into account the different activities, the operating cost of the current Brakina pre-treatment station is estimated at 140 FCFA/m3 of treated wastewater (€ 0.213), of which about 70% for the neutralization of wastewater by the addition of concentrated acid. Improving treatment with MBR-NF coupling shows an investment estimated at 3.8 billion FCFA (5.7 million euros). Operating expenses are estimated at 322 FCFA/m3 of treated wastewater (0.49 euros/m3 of treated wastewater) for an aerated MBR compared to 227 FCFA/m3 of treated wastewater (0.34 euro/m3 of treated wastewater) for anaerobic MBR is a decrease of 30%. The construction of such a system could lead to the sustainability of market gardening downstream of the Kossodo treatment plant and generate hundreds of permanent jobs with net revenues of more than 12 million FCFA/month (18.675 euros). Also, this could be a showcase for the social and environmental policy of Brakina. However, the major investments, the space requirements that the implementation of this proposal requires and the unavailability on site of technical competence for the curative maintenance of the system could be the main constraints to the implementation of this project.Key words: beverage production industry, electrodialysis, industrial wastewater, membrane bioreactor, nanofiltration
Thabet, Sana. "Impact du traitement photocatalytique sur les cellules eucaryotes fongiques : vers la compréhension des mécanismes d'action". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10248.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhotocatalysis is an advanced oxidative process that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inactivates living cells. The aim of this work was to have a better understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms generated by photocatalytic treatment. The cellular impact was monitored using the unicellular fungal model, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Photocatalysis reduces drastically the cultivability of yeast cells. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that the decrease of cell cultivability was related to both damages in plasma membrane and loss of intracellular enzymatic activity. During exposure to photocatalysis, multiple cellular macromolecules are damaged (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids). These damages are responsible for cellular structure dysfunction leading to a release of intracellular compounds (ions, amino acids) and the formation of by-products and pollutant (carboxylic acids, malondialdéhyde). The increase of intracellular superoxide ions amounts and the higher resistance of yeast strains overexpressing ROS detoxifying enzymes suggested an intracellular oxidative status responsible for described macromolecular damages. Finally, exploring photocatalytic treatment on other environmental and health impact fungi revealed the presence of resistant cells or structures. For the first time, an interdisciplinary work focusing on cellular impacts of photocatalysis was monitored leading to a better understanding and to new perspectives
Guilbaud, Julie. "Etude des procédés membranaires pour le traitement des eaux de ballast : microfiltration ou ultrafiltration pour la rétention de microalgues invasives et/ou toxiques". Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=58b5aee9-450f-49c1-a4fa-23bb92ac33e2.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe international maritime trade induces an increase in the risk of introduction of invasive and/or toxic non-native microalgal species via the ballast waters. According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), it is one of the four greatest threats to the oceans. Discharge of viable, organisms, whatever their size class, will be prohibited in certain waters of the globe. Currently, no method for ballast water treatment gives total satisfaction, especially with regard of the retention of the dinoflagellates and their cysts. This work has highlighted that, among the studied membranes, the PVDF 0. 1 m one retained all microalgae while requiring lower energy consumption (4 Wh. M-3). This membrane has been chosen for the methodological study of determination of critical conditions (J = 100 L. H-1. L-2 ; V filtered/cycle = 75K L. M-2). The goal was to design a process for two hypotheses : 300 and 4,800 m3. H-1 corresponding respectively to ballast flow of a cruise ship and a Liquid Natural Gas ship (LNG). The economic study has revealed that the treatment costs could be competitive with those of conventional methods. However, investment costs and compactness facility, in the case of a LNG, appear as less favourable for an industrial development. Membrane processes have, in some cases, a real potential for development in a context of more drastic emission standards
Shynkaryk, Mykola. "Influence de la perméabilisation membranaire par champ électrique sur la performance de séchage des végétaux". Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1676.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work aims at investigating the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) and ohmic heating (OH) pretreatment on the convective drying of a vegetal tissue. The first part deals with the effects of a thermal or moderate electric field treatments (Ed100V/cm) on the damages of sugarbeet tissues. The thermal treatment was performed within T=4070°C. The degree of material damage Z under the PEF or OH was characterized by the electrical conductivity disintegration index Z. The Arrhenius form of the relationship : characteristic damage time temperature, was observed both for the electrical and thermal processes. The electroporation phenomena is assumed to be the main reason of the material disintegration. The results showed that the electrically stimulated damage of a sugarbeet tissue occurs even below E = 20V/cm if treatment is long enough (1h, T<30°C). The energy consumption decreases with the increase of electric field strength E. Some OH experiments in aqueous media reveal the importance of the sample orientation with the external electric field regarding the damage efficiency. The second part of this work is devoted to the influence of the PEF or OH pretreatments on the convective drying of a vegetal tissue. Drying experiments for potato and beetroot disks were performed with an air velocity of 2 m. S-1 and a temperature of 30-100 °C. The drying rate was found to be maximal for highly disintegrated tissues. PEF and OH pre-treatments allowed to reduce the drying time by 20-50 % or to reduce the drying temperature of 20-30°C. The data show that a thermal pre-treatment of potatoes samples at high temperatures (T=70°C, 1h) does not improve the drying rate. A soft pre-heating (T=50°C, 4h) is more efficient and allows to reach diffusion coefficients Deff similar to that obtained with PEF or OH pretreatments. Such pre-treatments results in a higher tissue shrinkage and thus an increase of rehydration time. However, the textural properties of rehydrated samples with and without any pre-treatment look quite similar. Eventually, it was also demonstrated that if the drying (at moderate temperature) is carried out after a PEF, the colorants of red beetroot are much more preserved
Jacob, Matthieu. "Réutilisation des eaux usées épurées par association de procédés biologiques et membranaires". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0040/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to be competitive compare to surface water treatments, wastewater reuse needs robust, reliable and profitable combination of technologies. The combination of bioreactors and membrane processes seems to be a promising solution to these challenges. This study focus on the impact of the operating conditions of the secondary treatment (particularly the membrane bioreactor (MBR)) on the nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) tertiary treatments as well as the fate of micropollutants and microorganisms along the treatment line. Firstly, short term filtration experiments with various NF and RO membranes were performed in order to characterize the interactions between secondary treatment effluents (STE) and membranes. High retentions of micropollutants listed by the European water framework directive were observed. During these short term experiments, RO flux decline is mainly due to an increase of osmotic pressure and then a precipitation of salts that can be solved by controlling the pH and thus the carbonate and phosphate concentration of the STE. In addition, higher flux declines are observed with NF because of a higher irreversible fouling behavior. Secondly, continuous long term tests were performed on a pilot unit combining a MBR and a RO processes. The appropriate selection of operating conditions allowed treating wastewater during more than four months without any maintenance. A linear low flux decline, mainly due to adsorption of organic molecules at the membrane surface was observed. During this filtration period, the MBR/RO process presented very high micropollutant retentions. When micropollutants are injected at higher concentration (simulation of sudden fluctuation of feed composition) into the MBR, a drop of biomass activity combined with soluble microbial products release can be observed. Nevertheless, these peaks of pollution did not cause any additional fouling of MBR as well as RO membranes. MBR/RO process is then a reliable technology that can guaranty high retention and productivity (around 15 L.h-1.m-2) whatever the fluctuations of the feed composition
Khirani, Sarah. "Procédés hybrides associant la filtration membranaire et l'adsorption/échange ionique pour le traitement des eaux usées en vue de leur réutilisation". Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAT0005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study deals with the development of a hybrid process combining membrane filtration and adsorption or ion exchange for the treatment of secondary effluent for their reuse. The application of this process to the treatment of wastewaters needs to look for the lowest cost by taking into account the specificity of the organic matter of the effluents and by developing a durable process by lowering its energetic consummation and using regenerable adsorbents. This led us to privilege the combination in the same reactor, an immersed membrane and a regenerable adsorbent. We were interested mainly in the treatment of the organic compounds of the secondary effluents, either by studying the hydrophobic fraction “humic substances” (mainly fulvic acid in our study), or a synthetic secondary effluent. For these purposes, our study followed these steps:1. Research of an alternate material to the Powdered Activated Carbon PAC; a comparative study of the kinetics and isotherms of adsorption was then investigated. 2. Study of the response of the hybrid process at two scales by using PAC and the Ion Exchange Resin. 3. Improvement of a protocol of the determination of the fouling potential of the treated water that could be treated by either nanofiltration or reverse osmosis
Hue, Xavier. "Traitement des eaux de rejet des distilleries d'huiles essentielles en vue d'une vamorisation et purification par une technique membranaire : la pervaporation". Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30007.
Pełny tekst źródłaFraval, Sylvie. "Mise au point d'une nouvelle filière de traitement des eaux de lavage de fumées d'incinération". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_FRAVAL_S.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this work was to define a treatment process of flue gas cleaning wastewater from household refuses or industrial wastes incineration. Different synthetic wastewaters were used to determine the optimal heavy metal removal conditions using sodium carbonate and silicate as the two reactive agents in a new synthetic material. The solid and liquid phases characterized by fine analytical methods allowed to precise the removal mechanisms of several pollutants. Ln the solid phase, the soluble silicates reacted with diverse cations to form amorphous silicates however no silica were found. Microfiltration membrane was used as a solid/liquid separation technique. After treatment, the solid phase presented higher concentrations than traditional sedimentation techniques, communly used in this field. The filtrate physical-chemical characteristics complied with aIl quality standards for discharge in the environment. The sludges dewatering process lead to a pasty waste. Its pollutant potential and stability were estimated by using two leaching tests. The data showed that the different solid phases were involved in dissolution and precipitation mechanisms. This study has highlighted a new flue gas cleaning wastewater chain that is more efficient and easier of usage than the present industrial process
Ben, Nasr Anis. "Performances des procédés physico-chimiques et membranaires pour l'élimination des ions fluorure dans les eaux de forage : application aux eaux tunisiennes". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01045117.
Pełny tekst źródłaBasset, Antoine. "Détection et caractérisation par des approches statistiques locales d'évènements dynamiques dans des séquences d'images : application à la fusion membranaire en microscopie TIRF". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S096/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we investigate statistical methods to detect, estimate and characterize dynamical events in image sequences. Our main focus is on fluorescence microscopy images, which represent a fundamental tool for cell biology. There are two cases : 1. Studied objects do not interact, and individual dynamics can be independently analyzed ; 2. Studied objects interact, and group dynamics must be analyzed as a whole. In the case of individual dynamics, our primary focus is on biological image sequences showing proteins evolving in a cell, and more precisely at the cell frontier named plasma membrane. Proteins transported in the cell by vesicles, are observed in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), an observation technique well adapted to plasma membrane dynamics analysis. At the end of the exocytosis process, vesicles fuse to the plasma membrane and release proteins, which then diffuse. We first propose a new spot detection method aimed at localizing fusion events. Then, we model the protein dynamics and estimate the biophysical parameters in TIRFM image sequences for further biological analysis. We also address the processing of image sequences at lower magnifications, that is, depicting groups of cells, instead of an isolated cell. We propose a method to jointly estimate quantitative and qualitative motion measurements. It is used to classify the group motion, recover principal paths followed in the scene, and detect localized anomalies. Since they are free of appearance model, the developed methods are quite general and also applied to other applications including crowd motion analysis in videos. Whether it is for spot detection, protein dynamics estimation or group motion analysis, a common approach is ubiquitous, however. First, statistical arguments are used to automatically infer the method parameters. Secondly, we rely on local approaches, which have the advantage of being computationally efficient. Local modeling handles spatially varying image statistics much more easily and more accurately than global modeling. Local approaches also allow neglecting contextual variations such as spatially varying background contrast or, in fluorescence microscopy, temporal fading known as photobleaching
Khongnakorn, Watsa. "Bioréacteur à membranes pour le traitement d’eaux usées : performances globales et caractéristiques des boues sous conditions opératoires définies". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20135.
Pełny tekst źródłaConsidering the soft reduction in the water resources, it is today essential to optimize the management of water and to consider a re-use of treated wastewater. Membrane bioreactors (MBR), systems coupling a biological reaction and a membrane separation, have the potentiality to provide a water of adequate quality to a re-use, while limiting the production of by-products. These systems have the characteristic to be able to operate with high solids retention times (or high sludge age) and thus to work with biomass concentrations 2 to 5 times larger than in a conventional biological system (i. E activated sludge). In this context, this Ph. D. Work is a contribution to the knowledge of MBR systems functioning with high sludge retention times. This study consists in the quantification of the overall performances, in term of biological reaction and membrane separation, obtained not only under high sludge ages but also during disturbances related to abrupt changes of volumetric loading rate. A very particular interest is also related on the characterization of the biomass retained lengthily in the system, and particularly on the influence of the suspended solids and of the soluble organic matter concentration on the physical properties of the sludge (rheological behavior and dewatering aptitude)
Boedec, Arthur. "Traitement d'effluents polysiloxaniques dans des matrices aqueuses salines : potentiel de la nanofiltration et de l'oxydation biologique". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30040/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIndustrial production of silicones generates liquid streams containing siloxanes with high salinity. In a perspective of sustainable development and to consider the growing concern about the environmental impact of industrial residues, we are looking for treatment processes to remove siloxanes in wastewater. This study aims to evaluate the performance of two processes for the treatment of effluents containing siloxanes: nanofiltration and biological oxidation, Frontal nanofiltration experiments were carried out. Firstly, experiments with synthetic solutions (mix of water and siloxanes) have shown almost total siloxane retention in all conditions investigated. Then, experiments were performed with effluents of different compositions representative of industrial ones in order to evaluate the process robustness. It was concluded that nanofiltration is efficient to reduce the total organic content of the effluent and significantly reduces siloxanes concentration. Dilution of the effluent causes a decrease in TOC reduction and siloxanes retention, but the permeate quality is improved. Increasing salinity reduces the filtrate quality. Micro and ultrafiltration of identical effluents confirmed that only NF can reach a high level of siloxane retention. Tangential nanofiltration experiences were performed in order to prepare a more complete study which is necessary to anticipate industrialization of the process. Siloxanes biodegradability was explored by Oxitop method. No biological activity induced by siloxanes was recorded in Oxitop tests with activated sludge from wastewater treatment plant, but no toxic or inhibitory effects were observed. A pilot membrane bioreactor was fed in the laboratory for 6 months with a solution containing siloxanes to try to acclimate activated sludge to siloxane. Oxitop tests performed with sludge taken from the pilot did not show acclimation of microorganisms to siloxanes
Lesage, Nicolas. "Etude d’un procédé hybride Adsorption / Bioréacteur à membranes pour le traitement des effluents industriels". Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000294/.
Pełny tekst źródłaNurbaeti, Siti Nani. "Études biopharmaceutiques et formulation de chloramphénicol et de thiamphénicol pour le traitement ciblé des infections pulmonaires par voie inhalée". Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT1802/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe rapid emergence of resistant bacteria and the lack of new efficient treatments lead to re-use old forgotten, but still effective, antimicrobials. In particular, chloramphenicol (CHL) and thiamphenicol (THA) have been proposed to treat multidrug-resistant pulmonary bacterial infections. Their direct administration into the lungs as therapeutic aerosols should increase their efficiency and minimize whole body exposure responsible for adverse effects, particularly in the case of prolonged treatments. The purpose of these PhD. works was to perform biopharmaceutical studies and to develop an effective aerosol formulation for lung delivery. The membrane permeability of CHL and THA was evaluated in vitro in the Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cell model and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were carried out in rats after intratracheal and intravenous administration. In vitro membrane permeability of CHL was high, but intermediate for THA. Both compounds were shown to be substrates of membrane efflux transporters. In agreement with these findings, the PK studies showed that the administration route had no impact in the case of CHL and a moderate one in the case of THA. Therefore, in order to prolong lung exposure to CHL and THA, nanoparticle-based formulations with sustained release properties were formulated using the palmitate ester prodrugs of CHL and THA. To ease administration, nanoparticles were included in microsphere-based dry powder for inhalation. These powders showed an optimal content, satisfactory aerodynamic properties and sustained drug release, which make them promising formulations for lung delivery of CHL and THA as aerosols
Prades, Prades-Gibert Alexia. "Etude de l'évolution de la qualité de l'eau de coco en fonction du stade de maturité et lors de sa stabilisation par chauffage ohmique et traitement membranaire". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20195.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoconut water, the clear liquid located into the coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a refreshing tropical beverage driving a valuable market expansion. This fruit juice exhibits original properties due to its specific mineral composition, its low content in soluble sugars, and its aroma. However, its physicochemical properties have been rarely investigated. Coconut water stabilization remains a technological challenge, in particular due to the presence of the two enzymes PPO and POD, and to the thermo-sensitivity of aromatic compounds. Thus, this work aimed first at describing the physicochemical characteristics and the aromatic profile of the coconut water of five varieties being collected at three stages of maturity. From these data, an overall raw material quality index was defined which will favor the prediction of the processing potential into beverage of a coconut variety. Secondly, an investigation of the coconut water degradation at tropical ambient temperature (30°C) highlighted the critical stages of the phenomenon. Finally, some coconut water sterilization trials were carried out using two different techniques: an ohmic heater batch reactor, and an ultrafiltration pilot with 10, 20, 50, and 100nm membranes. The ohmic heating favored the inactivation of both POD and PPO enzymes (with an optimal 5s/140°C treatment), while inducing some modification of the aromatic profile. The 20nm ultrafiltration membrane permitted to obtain valuable densities of flux from an economic point of view, the full retention of the enzymes, whereas a significant amount of ester compounds seemed to be retained by the selected membrane
Mansier, Pascale. "Contribution a l'etude de l'effet inotrope des digitaliques dans le coeur de mammifere : role du calcium membranaire". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077286.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoutonnat, Jean. "Apport des PKH à l'étude de la chimiorésistance". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10157.
Pełny tekst źródłaArpel, Alexia. "Développement préclinique de peptides thérapeutiques transmembranaires appliqués au traitement du cancer du sein". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ050.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe role of transmembrane domains (TMD) in membrane receptor activation and regulation is nowadays appearing as a key step of cell signaling. This has been indeed evaluated for neuropilin-1 and -2 (NRP1/2) and ErbB2 receptors, three membrane receptors whose signaling has clearly been implicated in tumorigenesis. Our team had demonstrated that a synthetic peptide blocking the transmembrane domain of NRP1 blocked NRP1-dependent signaling leading to the inhibition of glioma cell proliferation/migration and tumor associated angiogenesis in vivo. The major goal of this thesis project was to extend this novel strategy to NRP2 and ErbB2 in the breast cancer context. Thus, I was able to demonstrate for the first time that the use of peptides, inhibiting the TMD of these receptors, was able to inhibit tumor growth and related metastases in vivo, in three different breast cancer mouse models that I have developed in the laboratory. These results were supported by in vitro experiments demonstrating anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties of these peptides. Besides, I was able to dissect the mechanism of action of the peptide targeting ErbB2 receptor in vitro and in vivo, and I provided data excluding NRP2 as a target because of an unexpected promotion of bone metastasis. Altogether, my data offer convincing evidences to further develop MTP-ErbB2 and MTP-NRP1 peptides as novel therapeutic compounds for patients suffering metastatic cancers. From terra incognita to the exploration of a world of hope, the heart of the membrane is becoming a new promising estate for drug design
Caranfil, Anca-Georgiana. "Signal modeling and Bayesian estimation for cellular mechanism analysis : study of diffusion at the cell membrane and cell division". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN1S101.
Pełny tekst źródłaFluorescence microscopy makes it possible to rely on mathematical modeling for the study of complex cellular mechanisms, but preexisting models do not yield information on both global trends and local behaviors, and are not fit for the study of the complex interactions between the molecular actors involved. In this thesis, we propose a mixed approach designed with these limitations in mind, and use this approach to study two cellular mechanisms. We propose a first model for the estimation of local diffusion in TIRF imaging, which addresses the challenging issues caused by membrane heterogeneity by allowing to evaluate the diffusion for several diffusing spots in a region of interest. A second model is introduced for the study of centrosome behavior during cell division, that allows to better understand the factors and interactions that contribute to the oscillations of centrosomes during anaphase, thus providing means of prediction for phenotypes related to misguided asymmetric division. Both models are put into operation thanks to a novel parameter estimation framework, that relies on sensitivity analysis and Approximate Bayesian Computation. This versatile framework is easily adaptable to studies beyond the context of the ones presented in this thesis
Testa, Fabrice. "Développement d'un procédé innovant de retraitement des slurries de l'industrie microélectronique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30017.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe chemical and mechanical polishing is a costly step in the process of microelectronic chips manufacturing. This study aims for recycle the silicate suspension named slurry by membrane processes. Both polishing applications are studied: the silicium and the tungsten polishing. A physical and chemical characterization before and after polishing process shows an important dilution of slurry by deionized water used for wafers rinsing. From CMP machine, a collect segregation of a concentrated effluent is realised by a diverter valve. Ultrafiltration has been chosen to reconcentrate silica but does not permit to recover the chemical compounds of the slurry which are essential to the polishing mainly to the tungsten application. Thus, retreatment process includes a collect segregation at the CMP outlet to decrease the dilution factor of slurry, an ultrafiltration step to concentrate silica and a chemical adjustment step. About tungsten application, the chemical media is more complex and two types of adjustment have been led. Firstly, a mix of POU and retreated slurry has been tested and secondly, an experiment of design with three important compounds of the slurry has been tested. Most CMP parameters are obtained in industrial specifications with the mix of POU and retreated slurry.Concerning the silicium slurry, an industrial prototype is installed and polishing results are similar to the original slurry for a significant wafers number. The industrial agreement is obtained. This prototype allows reaching a 30% decrease of slurry consumption and a 40% decrease of waste waters
Arpel, Alexia. "Développement préclinique de peptides thérapeutiques transmembranaires appliqués au traitement du cancer du sein". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ050/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe role of transmembrane domains (TMD) in membrane receptor activation and regulation is nowadays appearing as a key step of cell signaling. This has been indeed evaluated for neuropilin-1 and -2 (NRP1/2) and ErbB2 receptors, three membrane receptors whose signaling has clearly been implicated in tumorigenesis. Our team had demonstrated that a synthetic peptide blocking the transmembrane domain of NRP1 blocked NRP1-dependent signaling leading to the inhibition of glioma cell proliferation/migration and tumor associated angiogenesis in vivo. The major goal of this thesis project was to extend this novel strategy to NRP2 and ErbB2 in the breast cancer context. Thus, I was able to demonstrate for the first time that the use of peptides, inhibiting the TMD of these receptors, was able to inhibit tumor growth and related metastases in vivo, in three different breast cancer mouse models that I have developed in the laboratory. These results were supported by in vitro experiments demonstrating anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties of these peptides. Besides, I was able to dissect the mechanism of action of the peptide targeting ErbB2 receptor in vitro and in vivo, and I provided data excluding NRP2 as a target because of an unexpected promotion of bone metastasis. Altogether, my data offer convincing evidences to further develop MTP-ErbB2 and MTP-NRP1 peptides as novel therapeutic compounds for patients suffering metastatic cancers. From terra incognita to the exploration of a world of hope, the heart of the membrane is becoming a new promising estate for drug design
Doumazane, Etienne. "Etude de la dimérisation et de la dynamique structurale des mGluR par la technologie trFRET : de nouvelles pistes pour de nouveaux médicaments". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T007.
Pełny tekst źródłaMetabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G protein-coupled receptors that regulate synaptic transmission. They are relevant therapeutic targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson disease and schizophrenia.I developed a strategy to study the multimeric assembly of membrane proteins in living cells, through a combination of orthogonal labeling and time-resolved FRET. Unexpectedly, some subunits of mGluRs, in addition to forming homodimeric receptors, were found capable of forming functional heterodimeric receptors. Then, I applied these techniques to study the activation mechanism of mGluRs and their allosteric regulation. I demonstrated that a conformational change of the dimeric extracellular domain is responsible for the action of glutamate.In addition to increase our understandings of how mGluRs function, this work opens new avenues for the design of drug screening tests
Midoux, Patrick. "Ciblage de cytotoxiques et d'immunostimulants par des anticorps monoclonaux et des neoglycoproteines". Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2014.
Pełny tekst źródłaTelvi, Louise. "Effets des immunomodulateurs sur certaines fonctions lymphocytaires T". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610262p.
Pełny tekst źródła