Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Traffic lights - Mathematical models

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Traffic lights - Mathematical models”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 19 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Traffic lights - Mathematical models"

Suleimen, A. А., G. B. Kashaganova, G. B. Issayeva, B. R. Absatarova i M. C. Ibraev. "OPTIMIZATION OF MANAGEMENT OF URBAN LIGHTS WITH THE USE OF NEURAL NETWORKS". BULLETIN 389, nr 1 (10.02.2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.2.

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One of the most pressing problems of large cities is the problem of traffic management of vehicles. The reason for this problem is an imperfect way to manage traffic flows. Traffic light regulation is of particular importance in traffic management. Most modern traffic light control systems operate at set time intervals and are not able to cope with the constantly changing situation on the road. A promising direction for solving this problem is to optimize the system using artificial neural networks. The advantage of neural networks is self-learning, which allows the system to adapt to the changing situation on the road. Despite numerous attempts, it has not yet been possible to obtain a high-quality mathematical model of urban traffic management. This model should determine the functional dependence of transport flow parameters on control parameters. Nowadays, traffic flows are regulated everywhere by means of traffic lights. If we can get a fairly accurate mathematical model of traffic flows, we can determine the optimal duration of the traffic signal phases to achieve the maximum capacity of the road network node. A fairly accurate mathematical model of traffic management that works in predictive mode will display an estimate of the optimal control parameters, as well as make correct decisions in emergency situations. Well-known mathematical models of road traffic take into account only the average values of traffic flows, and not the exact number of cars on each road section at a particular time.

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HUANG, DING-WEI, i WEI-NENG HUANG. "OPTIMIZATION OF TRAFFIC LIGHTS AT CROSSROADS". International Journal of Modern Physics C 14, nr 05 (czerwiec 2003): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183103004784.

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We study the influence of traffic lights on the traffic flow in cities. The urban traffic is simulated in the cellular automata framework. Both the deterministic and probabilistic models are discussed. The effects of speed limit and stochastic noise are analyzed. The operation of a traffic light is characterized by two parameters: signal period and phase allocation. With two traffic lights on road, one more parameter is prescribed: synchronization shift. The results of tuning these parameters are presented in the fundamental diagram. We examine the traffic flow and discuss the choice of optimized setting in different density regions.

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Ferrer, Javier, José García-Nieto, Enrique Alba i Francisco Chicano. "Intelligent Testing of Traffic Light Programs: Validation in Smart Mobility Scenarios". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3871046.

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In smart cities, the use of intelligent automatic techniques to find efficient cycle programs of traffic lights is becoming an innovative front for traffic flow management. However, this automatic programming of traffic lights requires a validation process of the generated solutions, since they can affect the mobility (and security) of millions of citizens. In this paper, we propose a validation strategy based on genetic algorithms and feature models for the automatic generation of different traffic scenarios checking the robustness of traffic light cycle programs. We have concentrated on an extensive urban area in the city of Malaga (in Spain), in which we validate a set of candidate cycle programs generated by means of four optimization algorithms: Particle Swarm Optimization for Traffic Lights, Differential Evolution for Traffic Lights, random search, and Sumo Cycle Program Generator. We can test the cycles of traffic lights considering the different states of the city, weather, congestion, driver expertise, vehicle’s features, and so forth, but prioritizing the most relevant scenarios among a large and varied set of them. The improvement achieved in solution quality is remarkable, especially forCO2emissions, in which we have obtained a reduction of 126.99% compared with the experts’ solutions.

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Perkins Coppola, Matthew. "Talking and Writing to Learn: The Physics of Traffic Intersection Safety, Part One". Hoosier Science Teacher 41, nr 1 (15.02.2018): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/thst.v41i123677.

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Physics students learn to engage in argument-based inquiry through mathematical modeling and analysis of real-world data collected from a traffic intersection in their own neighborhood. In this first part of the lesson, students focus on a single traffic intersection. Groups of students used equations of motion to construct simple mathematical models to describe how a driver approaches a yellow light at a traffic intersection. Students tested these mathematical models with a fictitious data set, then as a group collected and analyzed data from an actual traffic intersection of their choosing. Students determined the safety of the traffic intersection and presented their findings to their peers and invited members of the community. This practical research project set the stage for students (in Part Two) to tackle the larger question of whether cameras should be used to enforce traffic laws.

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Bazaras, Jonas, Janina Jablonskytė i Eglė Jotautienė. "INTERDEPENDENCE OF NOISE AND TRAFFIC FLOW". TRANSPORT 23, nr 1 (31.03.2008): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2008.23.67-72.

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Traffic flows in cities, especially in city centres, are intensive and uneven, moreover, registered noise levels exceed allowable limits. Noise levels have been measured at K. Mindaugo ave. and Birštono street crossing in Kaunas and data of automated traffic flow registration equipment have been used. A constant reduction of noise level from the beginning till the end of the green light has been identified ‐ “hot starts” generated noise dominates. To make estimates of noise and traffic flow interdependency, mathematical statistical models have been applied. Parameter distribution patterns have been analysed, prediction models have been composed.

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Petrovici, Alina, Jose Luis Cueto, Valentin Nedeff, Enrique Nava, Florin Nedeff, Ricardo Hernandez, Carmen Bujoreanu, Stefan Andrei Irimiciuc i Maricel Agop. "Dynamic Evaluation of Traffic Noise through Standard and Multifractal Models". Symmetry 12, nr 11 (11.11.2020): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12111857.

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Traffic microsimulation models use the movement of individual driver-vehicle-units (DVUs) and their interactions, which allows a detailed estimation of the traffic noise using Common Noise Assessment Methods (CNOSSOS). The Dynamic Traffic Noise Assessment (DTNA) methodology is applied to real traffic situations, then compared to on-field noise levels from measurement campaigns. This makes it possible to determine the influence of certain local traffic factors on the evaluation of noise. The pattern of distribution of vehicles along the avenue is related to the logic of traffic light control. The analysis of the inter-cycles noise variability during the simulation and measurement time shows no influence from local factors on the prediction of the dynamic traffic noise assessment tool based on CNOSSOS. A multifractal approach of acoustic waves propagation and the source behaviors in the traffic area are implemented. The novelty of the approach also comes from the multifractal model’s freedom which allows the simulation, through the fractality degree, of various behaviors of the acoustic waves. The mathematical backbone of the model is developed on Cayley–Klein-type absolute geometries, implying harmonic mappings between the usual space and the Lobacevsky plane in a Poincaré metric. The isomorphism of two groups of SL(2R) type showcases joint invariant functions that allow associations of pulsations–velocities manifolds type.

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Boyarshinov, M. G., A. S. Vavilin i A. G. Shumkov. "USING THE COMPLEX OF PHOTO AND VIDEO RECORDING OF TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS TO IDENTIFY DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC COMPONENTS OF THE TRAFFIC FLOW INTENSITY". Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, nr 3 (2021): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-3-61.

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The relevance of the manuscript is due to the need to process and analyze the information accumulated by the complexes of photo-video recording of traffic violations, which will further develop mathematical, computational and simulation models of road transport, solve problems of optimization and management of traffic flows, make management decisions to reduce the number of congestion and reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment. The object of the study is a part of a three-lane road with heavy one-way traffic, equipped with a software and technical complex that allows measuring the main characteristics of the traffic flow (vehicle speeds, including the average values on the controlled road part, driving time, etc.). The subject of the study is the traffic flow intensity during a 7-day time (from Monday to Sunday). The analysis of the obtained dependences allowed us to formulate a hypothesis about the presence of determin- istic and stochastic components in the traffic flow intensity, which is a random function of time, and the verification of which is the purpose of this study. Statistical processing of the obtained data is used as a theoretical and methodological approach, as well as the assumption that the traffic flow intensity can be represented by the sum of deterministic and stochastic components. The developed approach using the smoothing procedure allowed us to select both components, and this is a scientific novelty of the analysis performed. As a result of the study, it is shown that the deterministic component of the traffic flow intensity for working days is qualitatively different from the deterministic component for weekends. Statistical indicators of probabilistic distributions of traffic flow intensities and random components selected from them are determined. Estimates of the correspondence of the selected curves to the normal law of probability distribution are obtained using the Kolmogorov and Pearson criteria, which contradict each other. Practical significance consists in the use of a deterministic component for predicting traffic flows, controlling the operation of traffic lights, monitoring the operation of equipment, as well as in the reconstruction, design and construction of roads and road objects. The direction of further research is to obtain, statistically process and generalize data on the traffic flows intensity in other parts of the road network.

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LI, XINGLI, ZHIPENG LI, XIANGLIN HAN i SHIQIANG DAI. "JAMMING TRANSITION IN EXTENDED COOPERATIVE DRIVING LATTICE HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS INCLUDING BACKWARD-LOOKING EFFECT ON TRAFFIC FLOW". International Journal of Modern Physics C 19, nr 07 (lipiec 2008): 1113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183108012698.

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Two extended cooperative driving lattice hydrodynamic models are proposed by incorporating the intelligent transportation system and the backward-looking effect in traffic flow under certain conditions. They are the lattice versions of the hydrodynamic model of traffic: one (model A) is described by the differential-difference equation where time is a continuous variable and space is a discrete variable, and the other (model B) is the difference-difference equation in which both time and space variables are discrete. In light of the real traffic situations, the appropriate forward and backward optimal velocity functions are selected, respectively. Then the stability conditions for the two models are investigated with the linear stability theory and it is found that the new consideration leads to the improvement of the stability of traffic flow. The modified Korteweg-de Vries equations (the mKdV equation, for short) near the critical point are derived by using the nonlinear perturbation method to show that the traffic jam could be described by the kink-antikink soliton solutions for the mKdV equations. Moreover, the anisotropy of traffic flow is further discussed through examining the negative propagation velocity as the effect of following vehicle is involved.

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Aliev, Ravshan M. "Mathematical Model of a Tonal Rail Chain without Insulating Joints with Current Receiver in Shunt Mode". Transport and Telecommunication Journal 22, nr 3 (1.06.2021): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2021-0024.

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Abstract One of the drawbacks of the currently used tonal rail chains without insulating joints is that when the train approaches the controlled section, the train begins to shunt this section at some distance before entry on him. In connection with the traffic light moves on this distance. But being that this distance depends on many variables, it constantly changes these variables. For eliminate this drawback, instead of the traditional potential receiver it is proposed to use electric current track receiver, which has a clear boundary fixation entry of train on the controlled section. By now developed and used methods for determining the main analytical expressions for analysis and synthesis tonal rail circuits with potential receivers in various operating modes, and the theoretical issues of tonal rail chains with current receivers were practically not considered, in this connection, the article considers the development of mathematical models for determining the absolute shunt sensitivity of tonal rail chains without isolating joints with current receivers and methods for calculating determination of the critical location of the minimum shunt sensitivity. The obtained expressions differ significantly from the known equations of absolute shunt sensitivity and the critical location of the minimum value of the shunt sensitivity and will allow to spend analyzing, synthesis and design of tonal rail chains without isolating joints with current receivers, that will allow to increase the safety of train traffic.

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Rodriguez, MS, Jose M., Julius Codjoe, Osama Osman, Sherif Ishak, PhD i Brian Wolshon, PhD. "Experimental modeling of the effect of hurricane wind forces on driving behavior and vehicle performance". Journal of Emergency Management 13, nr 2 (1.03.2015): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2015.0228.

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While traffic planning is important for developing a hurricane evacuation plan, vehicle performance on the roads during extreme weather conditions is critical to the success of the planning process. This novel study investigates the effect of gusty hurricane wind forces on the driving behavior and vehicle performance. The study explores how the parameters of a driving simulator could be modified to reproduce wind loadings experienced by three vehicle types (passenger car, ambulance, and bus) during gusty hurricane winds, through manipulation of appropriate software. Thirty participants were then tested on the modified driving simulator under five wind conditions (ranging from normal to hurricane category 4). The driving performance measures used were heading error and lateral displacement. The results showed that higher wind forces resulted in more varied and greater heading error and lateral displacement. The ambulance had the greatest heading errors and lateral displacements, which were attributed to its large lateral surface area and light weight. Two mathematical models were developed to estimate the heading error and lateral displacements for each of the vehicle types for a given change in lateral wind force. Through a questionnaire, participants felt the different characteristics while driving each vehicle type. The findings of this study demonstrate the valuable use of a driving simulator to model the behavior of different vehicle types and to develop mathematical models to estimate and quantify driving behavior and vehicle performance under hurricane wind conditions.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Traffic lights - Mathematical models"

Bekmann, Joachim Peter Computer Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Rapid development of problem-solvers with HeurEAKA! - a heuristic evolutionary algorithm and incremental knowledge acquisition approach". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Computer Science and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25748.

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A new approach for the development of problem-solvers for combinatorial problems is proposed in this thesis. The approach combines incremental knowledge acquisition and probabilistic search algorithms, such as evolutionary algorithms, to allow a human to rapidly develop problem-solvers in new domains in a framework called HeurEAKA. The approach addresses a known problem, that is, adapting evolutionary algorithms to the search domain by the introduction of domain knowledge. The development of specialised problem-solvers has historically been labour intensive. Implementing a problem-solver from scratch is very time consuming. Another approach is to adapt a general purpose search strategy to the problem domain. This is motivated by the observation that in order to scale an algorithm to solve complex problems, domain knowledge is needed. At present there is no systematic approach allowing one to efficiently engineer a specialpurpose search strategy for a given search problem. This means that, for example, adapting evolutionary algorithms (which are general purpose algorithms) is often very difficult and has lead some people to refer to their use as a ???black art???. In the HeurEAKA approach, domain knowledge is introduced by incrementally building a knowledge base that controls parts of the evolutionary algorithm. For example, the fitness function and the mutation operators in a genetic algorithm. An evolutionary search algorithm ismonitored by a human whomakes recommendations on search strategy based on individual solution candidates. It is assumed that the human has a reasonable intuition of the search problem. The human adds rules to a knowledge base describing how candidate solutions can be improved, or why they are desirable or undesirable in the search for a good solution. The incremental knowledge acquisition approach is inspired by the idea of (Nested) Ripple Down Rules. This approach sees a human provide exception rules to rules already existing in the knowledge base using concrete examples of inappropriate performance of the existing knowledge base. The Nested Ripple Down Rules (NRDR) approach allows humans to compose rules using concepts that are natural and intuitive to them. In HeurEAKA, NRDR are significantly adapted to form part of a probabilistic search algorithm. The probabilistic search algorithms used in the presented system are a genetic algorithm and a hierarchical bayesian optimization algorithm. The success of the HeurEAKA approach is demonstrated in experiments undertaken on industrially relevant domains. Problem-solvers were developed for detailed channel and switchbox routing in VLSI design and traffic light optimisation for urban road networks. The problem-solvers were developed in a short amount of time, in domains where a large amount of effort has gone into developing existing algorithms. Experiments show that chosen benchmark problems are solved as well or better than existing approaches. Particularly in the traffic light optimisation domain excellent results are achieved.

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Agdeppa, Rhoda Padua. "Studies on Mathematical Models of Traffic Equilibria". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123831.

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Yue, Yang, i 樂陽. "Spatial-temporal dependency of traffic flow and its implications for short-term traffic forecasting". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35507366.

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Mason, Anthony David. "Mathematical models of road traffic, and related problems". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624189.

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Sze, Nang-ngai, i 施能藝. "Quantitative analyses for the evaluation of traffic safety and operations". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39707398.

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Lierkamp, Darren. "Simulating the effects of following distance on a high-flow freeway". Full text available online (restricted access), 2003. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/Lierkamp.pdf.

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"CP830 Research Project and Thesis 2". Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-93) Electronic reproduction.[S.l. :s.n.],2003.Electronic data.Mode of access: World Wide Web.System requirements: Adobe Acrobat reader software for PDF files.Access restricted to institutions with a subscription.

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Yan, Li, i 顏理. "On the traffic flow control system". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39431174.

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Wong, Chun-kuen, i 黃春權. "Dynamic macroscopic modeling of highway traffic flows". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243757.

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張詠敏 i Wing-man Cheung. "Dynamic traffic assignment for congested highway network". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575886.

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Peng, Jixian, i 彭继娴. "Macroscopic characteristics of dense road networks". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195994.

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In the continuum modeling of traffic networks, a macroscopic cost-flow function (MCF) and macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) can be used to represent the fundamental relationships between traffic quantities such as speed, flow, and density. The MCF governs the steady-state cost-flow relationship, whereas the MFD represents the instantaneous inter-relationship between speed, flow, and density of traffic streams. This thesis explores the influence of network topologies on the MCF and MFD. The Hong Kong road system is divided into unit-sized road networks with various physical characteristics for which the network structure and signal timings are reserved. By universally scaling the origin-destination (OD) matrices of the morning peak, traffic conditions ranging from free-flow to congestion are created for microscopic simulation. From the simulation results, an MCF that relates the average journey time and the number of vehicles traveling through the network in one hour and an MFD that relates space to the mean speed and average density aggregated across 300s intervals are derived. The MCF and MFD are calibrated with mathematical models for each network. The density of roads, junctions, and signal junctions all influence the value of the macroscopic parameters in the MCF and MFD, and predictive equations are constructed that relate the macroscopic parameters to the network topological characteristics. Based on the fitting performance of the mathematical models, recommendations are made for selecting MCF and MFD models for continuum modeling.
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Civil Engineering
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Master of Philosophy

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Książki na temat "Traffic lights - Mathematical models"

As, S. C. van. Traffic flow theory. Wyd. 3. [Pretoria]: SARB Chair in Transportation Engineering, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, 1990.

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Traffic flow fundamentals. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1990.

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Urban spatial traffic patterns. London: Pion, 1987.

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Gaver, Donald Paul. "Processor-shared time-sharing models in heavy traffic". Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1985.

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Sylvain, Lassarre, red. Structural road accident models: The international DRAG family. New York: Pergamon, 2000.

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Aerde, M. Van. Review of freeway corridor traffic models. Downsview, Ont: Research and Development Branch, 1987.

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Puppo, Gabriella, i Andrea Tosin, red. Mathematical Descriptions of Traffic Flow: Micro, Macro and Kinetic Models. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66560-9.

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Fricke, Lynn B. Traffic accident reconstruction. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University, Traffic Institute, 1990.

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McGill, R. Fuel consumption and emission values for traffic models. McLean, Va: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1985.

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Salter, Richard J. Traffic engineering: Worked examples. Wyd. 2. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1989.

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Części książek na temat "Traffic lights - Mathematical models"

Elefteriadou, Lily. "Mathematical and Empirical Models". W An Introduction to Traffic Flow Theory, 129–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8435-6_6.

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Davydov, Ivan, i Daniil Tolstykh. "An Evolutionary Based Approach for the Traffic Lights Optimization Problem". W Mathematical Optimization Theory and Operations Research, 19–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33394-2_2.

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Matei, Lucian, Ilie Dumitru i Laurentiu Racila. "Mathematical Algorithm for Calculating the Total Traffic Lights Cycle in Junctions". W CONAT 2016 International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering, 702–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45447-4_77.

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Piccoli, Benedetto, i Andrea Tosin. "Vehicular Traffic: A Review of Continuum Mathematical Models". W Mathematics of Complexity and Dynamical Systems, 1748–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1806-1_112.

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Piccoli, Benedetto, i Andrea Tosin. "Vehicular Traffic: A Review of Continuum Mathematical Models". W Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 9727–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_576.

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Piccoli, Benedetto, i Andrea Tosin. "Vehicular Traffic: A Review of Continuum Mathematical Models". W Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 1–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_576-3.

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Kachroo, Pushkin, i Kaan M. A. Özbay. "Traffic Assignment: A Survey of Mathematical Models and Techniques". W Advances in Industrial Control, 25–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69231-9_2.

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Chiarello, Felisia Angela. "An Overview of Non-local Traffic Flow Models". W Mathematical Descriptions of Traffic Flow: Micro, Macro and Kinetic Models, 79–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66560-9_5.

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Kachroo, Pushkin, i Neveen Shlayan. "Dynamic Traffic Assignment: A Survey of Mathematical Models and Techniques". W Complex Networks and Dynamic Systems, 1–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6243-9_1.

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Abdullayeva, Narmina, Asaf Hajiyev i Mirvari Hasratova. "Mathematical Models of Moving Particles and Their Application for Traffic". W Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management, 203–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55182-6_18.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Traffic lights - Mathematical models"

Yapp, Justin, i Andrew J. Kornecki. "Safety analysis of Virtual Traffic Lights". W 2015 20th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR ). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmar.2015.7283927.

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Racila, Laurentiu. "Saturation flow mathematical model based on multiple combinations of lane groups". W CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4254.

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The ideal value of the traffic stream that can pass through an intersection is known as the saturation flow rate per hour on vehicle green time. The saturation flow is important in the understanding of the traffic light cycle and from there the understanding the Level of Service. The paper wishes to evaluate through a series of applied mathematical methods the effect of different lane grouping and critical lane group concept on the saturation flow rate. The importance of this method is that it creates a base for a signalized intersections timing plan.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4254

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Gomez, Andres E., Francisco A. R. Alencar, Paulo V. Prado, Fernando S. Osorio i Denis F. Wolf. "Traffic lights detection and state estimation using Hidden Markov Models". W 2014 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2014.6856486.

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Nienhuser, Dennis, Markus Drescher i J. Marius Zollner. "Visual state estimation of traffic lights using hidden Markov models". W 2010 13th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems - (ITSC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2010.5625241.

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Zhang Li-tian, Fu Meng-yin, Yang Yi i Wang Mei-ling. "A framework of traffic lights detection, tracking and recognition based on motion models". W 2014 IEEE 17th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6958058.

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Sleurs, Kristof, Dagang Li, Emmanuel Van Lil i Antoine Van de Capelle. "Bridging the Gap between Mathematical Traffic Models and Operational Parameters". W GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2009.5425557.

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Al Nageim, Hassan. "Non Destructive Testing of Low Profile Light Weight Track System". W ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24727.

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The paper presents the results of the responses of a concrete trough of a new lightweight rail track system (LR55) to full scale non destructive tasting. The system which is made from three main components; low profile steel rail, elastomeric pad and prestressed concrete trough is developed for light rail transits in cities streets, which can significantly help in improving the traffic flow, reducing the traffic congestion and thus providing opportunities for minimising serious environmental problems such as level of noise, vibration and air pollutions and in this regards it can be considered as environmentally friendly means of transport. A mathematical model was developed where the LR55 track system was treated as multilayer beams on elastic foundations, and the model was then validate experimentally through a series of non-destructive tests on full scale model subjected to a full scale service load specified by the current BS codes of practises.

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Oshkhunov, Muaed M., Martin M. Yakhutlov, Muslimat L. Sanshokova i Liana Kh Nazarova. "Mathematical models of traffic flow of diffusion type at stochastic conditions". W 2017 International Conference "Quality Management,Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies" (IT&QM&IS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itmqis.2017.8085771.

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Zamzuri, Zamira Hasanah. "Selected models for correlated traffic accident count data". W ADVANCES IN INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS: Proceedings of 23rd Malaysian National Symposium of Mathematical Sciences (SKSM23). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4954629.

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Guarnaccia, Claudio, Jorge Bandeira, Margarida C. Coelho, Paulo Fernandes, João Teixeira, George Ioannidis i Joseph Quartieri. "Statistical and semi-dynamical road traffic noise models comparison with field measurements". W MATHEMATICAL METHODS AND COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING II. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5045445.

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