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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Trade (Sri Lanka)”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Trade (Sri Lanka)"

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Taguchi, Hiroyuki, i Don Chalani Imasha Rubasinghe. "Trade Impacts of South Asian Free Trade Agreements in Sri Lanka". South Asia Economic Journal 20, nr 1 (25.02.2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561418822203.

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This article aims to examine the trade effects of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) with a focus on Sri Lanka, by applying a gravity trade model. The study targets the following three FTAs: the SAFTA, the India–Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ISFTA), and the Pakistan–Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (PSFTA). The outcomes of the gravity trade model estimation suggested that the trade creation effects were identified in the ISFTA, while those were not verified in the SAFTA and that the PSFTA had the trade creation effects only on the Sri Lankan imports. Those results seem to reflect the differentials in the preferential tariff rates. In particular, ISFTA could have the predominant positive effects on Sri Lankan trade flows due to its lowest preferential tariff rates, and thus the SAFTA effect might be crowded out at the current stage of Sri Lankan trade. JEL: F13, F14, O53
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Rathnayake, Chinthani, Bill Malcolm, Garry Griffith i Alex Sinnette. "Trade Consequences of the Farm Production Regulation: The Glyphosate Ban in the Sri Lankan Tea Industry". Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri 11, nr 2 (31.12.2022): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2022.011.02.1.

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Abstract Tea manufacturing is an important industry for the Sri Lankan economy because it generates foreign income, which adds to gross domestic product of the country and creates employment opportunities. Tea has been exported to several countries from Sri Lanka for over a century, and Sri Lanka remains a leading tea exporter to date. Recently, the Sri Lankan government issues a policy which disadvantages the tea industry in the country. The government banned the use of glyphosate in the agricultural sector from 2015 to 2018 which directly or indirectly affects the tea industry. The policy brought a consequence where the farmers used illegal substances and other weedicides to control the weed. These consequences placed the Sri Lankan tea industry at risk since their final product is contains high amount of residual weedicide which exceeds the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). In this paper, we use The Equilibrium Displacement Model to study the economic impact of rejections of tea consignments by Japan due to the excess use of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in 2018. The demand of Sri Lankan bulk black tea by Japan has declined by 6.5% between 2017 and 2018. The estimated of the Sri Lankan tea industry from reduced demand for bulk black tea was Rs339 million. Keywords: tea industry, glyphosate ban, Sri Lanka Abstrak Teh adalah industri penting bagi perekonomian Sri Lanka karena menghasilkan devisa yang menambah produksi domestik bruto dan menciptakan lapangan kerja. Teh telah diekspor dari Sri Lanka selama lebih dari satu abad ke berbagai negara dan Sri Lanka tetap menjadi eksportir utama. Kebijakan pemerintah baru-baru ini yang memengaruhi sektor pertanian tidak menguntungkan bagi industri teh. Pelarangan penggunaan glifosat dari tahun 2015 hingga 2018 merupakan salah satu kebijakan yang berdampak signifikan terhadap industri teh, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Konsekuensi penggunaan formulasi pengendali gulma ilegal dan herbisida alternatif menempatkan industri teh pada keadaan yang beresiko melalui konsekuensi tidak disengaja dari kehilangan akses ke pasar ekspor teh karena insiden mengenai kelebihan Batas Maksimum Residu. Dalam tulisan ini, dampak ekonomi dari penolakan pengiriman teh dari Jepang karena penggunaan 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) yang berlebihan pada tahun 2018 diselidiki dengan menggunakan Equilibrium Displacement Model pada industri teh. Permintaan ekspor Jepang untuk teh hitam curah turun 6,5% antara 2017 dan 2018. Perkiraan kerugian surplus ekonomi industri teh Sri Lanka dari penurunan permintaan teh hitam curah adalah Rs339 juta. Kata kunci: industri teh, larangan penggunaan glifosat, Sri Lanka
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Deyshappriya, N. P. Ravindra. "Sri Lanka–China Economic Relations in Comparative Perspective: Ample Room to Grow". China Report 55, nr 4 (listopad 2019): 364–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445519875235.

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The article examines recent trends in the economic relations between Sri Lanka and China focussing on trade, investment and tourism dimensions. Although bilateral economic ties between Sri Lanka and China have strengthened over time, the article demonstrates Sri Lanka’s low rank among China’s economic partners. For example, while China is the second-largest tourism partner of Sri Lanka in terms of tourist arrivals, Sri Lanka does not rank among even China’s top 25 tourist destinations. Consequently, the article recommends certain policy priorities to ensure mutually beneficial economic relations. With regards to tourism, it recommends promoting Sri Lanka’s brand on Chinese e-tourism websites and social media, introducing user-friendly tourist apps in Chinese, strengthening air connectivity and celebrating Chinese festivals. Similarly, trade and investment could be facilitated by stronger links with Chinese cities and connecting Sri Lankan students in China to the Chinese industry via internships and building commercial networks from the ground up.
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Vidyaratne, R. T., i E. A. G. Sumanasiri. "Foreign Missions’ Role in Promoting International Trade: Empirical Evidence of Sri Lankan Foreign Missions Promoting Electronic Exports in Germany". International Business Research 13, nr 7 (23.06.2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n7p173.

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Foreign missions have been the pillars of trade promotion and in particular, of export and export-oriented investment. In Sri Lanka, the potentiality in export promotion to Germany is immense. However, it is discernible that there is no coordinated effort in promoting trade in Sri Lanka by foreign missions. Therefore, this research examines the role of foreign missions in promoting international trade between Sri Lanka and Germany especially focusing on Electrical and Electronic Sector. The case study is based on the empirical evidence of Sri Lankan foreign missions promoting electrical and electronic exports in Germany. Potential growth-enhancing factors will benefit from increased global economic integration through trade promotion activities undertaken by the host country and the foreign mission. A qualitative methodology was used to understand the stakeholder perspective of the role of foreign missions. Analysis of data collected through semi-structured interviews (13) derived the results that trade fairs and Business to Business meetings as the most effective trade promotion activities. Findings of the study confirms six (6) vital roles of a foreign mission which are internalizing industries, promoting, business intelligence, stakeholder communication, building strategic relationships and inter-governmental engagement respectively. The paper points out managerial and policy implications such as pro-activeness of the head of foreign missions and strategic and trustworthy relationships between the countries. The study concludes that the activities carried out by the Sri Lankan Foreign Mission in Germany does not satisfy the exporters’ expectations and requirements. Further this study recommendations are provided to both German and Sri Lankan Governments and foreign missions.
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Sumanasiri, Ayoma. "Exploring Barriers to International Trade Faced by Sri Lankan Exporters to the Indian Market". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, nr 2 (8.02.2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.82.9661.

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In recent decades, India has emerged as a major economy in the world. Although Sri Lanka is situated in close proximity to India and has entered into trade agreements with India to boost its international trade, it has still not been able to achieve the expected level of growth in exports to India. Based on the 2019 United Nations COMTRAD data, India is the third largest export destination of Sri Lanka, and the export revenue from trade with India amounted to US $ 759 million in 2019. However, the statistics in the past years indicate a drop in Sri Lankan export revenue to India from $ 767 million in 2018 to $ 759 million in 2019. In spite of different bilateral and multilateral trade agreements entered into between the two countries, Sri Lankan export performance still remains unsatisfactory. This indicates that apart from tariff reductions, certain other non-tariff barriers influence international trade performance between the two countries. Therefore, this study aims to explore barriers to Sri Lankan exporters which undermine their international trade performance in the Indian market. The study follows a qualitative research methodology and has collected data using face-to-face unstructured interviews with twenty (20) respondents representing different stakeholders engaged in the process of exporting from Sri Lanka to India. The collected data was coded and analyzed through template analysis. Findings revealed thirty-five (35) important factors which influence successful penetration into and performance in the Indian market. The results reveal that host market and home market characteristics have a greater impact on successful performance in the Indian market than product or firm characteristics.
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Sikdar, Chandrima. "India–Sri Lanka Bilateral Trade". South Asia Economic Journal 11, nr 2 (wrzesień 2010): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/139156141001100201.

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Santiapillai, Charles, Ajith Silva, Champika Karyawasam, Shameema Esufali, Salila Jayaniththi, Mano Basnayake, Vasantha Unantenne i S. Wijeyamohan. "Trade in Asian elephant ivory in Sri Lanka". Oryx 33, nr 2 (kwiecień 1999): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00041.x.

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AbstractElephants Elephas maximus have declined in range and number in the wild in Sri Lanka, from c. 12,000 at the turn of the nineteenth century to c. 4000 today. While in the distant past the decline in elephant numbers was due largely to indiscriminate killing by sportsmen and trophy hunters, today elephants are being killed primarily because they interfere with agriculture. Human-elephant conflicts have increased substantially in the recent past and ivory poaching has become a byproduct of such conflicts. Elephant tusks have been used traditionally in the ivory-carving industry in Sri Lanka since the time of the ancient kings. Until the turn of the century, very little ivory was imported from Africa because there was a plentiful supply of tuskers locally available. Sri Lankan ivory carvers started to use African ivory in 1910. Today ivory and fake-ivory products are sold openly to tourists in some 86 shops in the island. Before the listing of the African elephant in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), the value of raw ivory in Sri Lanka used to be $US228–285 per kg. After the listing, the price fell to $US72 per kg, reflecting a drastic drop in the demand for ivory from tourists. Many ivory carvers have switched to other jobs or are using substitutes (such as bone and horn) to produce fake-ivory carvings. Only about 7.5 per cent of bulls in Sri Lanka are tuskers and they are under poaching pressure outside protected areas. Given the rarity of tuskers in Sri Lanka, promotion of trade in ivory products, even locally, may pose a serious threat to their long-term survival in the wild.
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Pal, Barun Deb, i Sanjib Pohit. "Anatomy of Non-tariff Barriers in India–Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement: An Empirical Investigation". South Asia Economic Journal 21, nr 1 (10.02.2020): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561420903210.

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This article attempts to answer one crucial research question: why the utilization of India–Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ISFTA) route for trade is very poor by the Indian exporters (13%) as compared to their Sri Lankan counterpart (65%) even after one decade of its implementation? The available studies have blamed the non-tariff barriers (NTBs) which are hamstringing the growth of trade between these partners development of international trade. However, these have considered NTBs as subset of non-tariff measures (NTMs) which are quite narrow sense of finding the hidden barriers within the International trade process. Therefore, this article has analysed in detail the logistic process involved in international trade between India and Sri Lanka to understand various NTBs sheltered within this logistic process. Further, the article has identified issues which are not directly beyond the logistic process which are affecting the international trade between these two countries. JEL: F0, F1
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Sandaruwan, Kariyawasam Pinikahana Gmage Lahiru, i Suvajit Banerjee. "Understanding the Patterns of Processed Seafood Exports from Sri Lanka: Application of the Gravity Model to Quantify the Determinants". Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2, nr 2 (15.12.2020): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v2i2.33238.

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Background: Grabbing the emerging opportunities, from the escalated global demand for processed seafood due to the modern lifestyle induced changes in the food consumption pattern of the households, could be a great advantage for Sri Lanka to increase its international trade activity. This could also help Sri Lanka earn more revenues by adding value through the processing of the raw fish and through that eliminating high postharvest loss during the peak seasons. Objective: This research intends to study the patterns of global and Sri Lankan trade in the seafood sector and identifies the determinants in terms of their impacts on the processed seafood export. Methods: The Gravity Model was run with the secondary data collected from UNCOMTRADE. The panel data include seafood export data of Sri Lanka from 2001 to 2014 with 107 countries and 144 products. Results: However, only one % of the Sri Lankan processed seafood adds value to the ultra-processed level, so it cannot reach the maximum potentials in job creation and profitability. This study has found that the elasticity values of tariff and non-tariff measures (NTMs) are higher for the processed seafood than the unprocessed seafood. This way, the processed seafood becomes more vulnerable to changes in tariff and NTMs than the unprocessed seafood. Conclusions: The conversion of unprocessed seafood into processed seafood can improve the export revenue for Sri Lanka but these conversions are increasing the vulnerability of seafood exports due to the stringent market barriers.
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Anusha, P., T. Pirasayiny i S. Sivarajasingham. "The Impact of World Food Price on Domestic Inflation: Evidence from Sri Lanka". Business and Economic Research 12, nr 2 (19.06.2022): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v12i2.19829.

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Food price contributes the largest share in the general price index in developing countries. Food prices have been increasing in Sri Lanka since 2003. The recent growth of global food prices affects the welfare of poor people, consumers and producers. In Sri Lanka large segment of the population spends more than 50 percent of their income on food; this study investigates and assesses how international food price surge affects domestic inflation process in Sri Lanka. The empirical statistical results are derived by using a battery of parametric and non-parametric econometric techniques using monthly data of price series for the period from 2003M1-2020M12. The Johansen’s co-integration analysis results confirm that global food prices and domestic prices are co-integrated therefore Sri Lankan government needs to develop a safety net program for the poor and a poverty reduction strategy. Policy attention needs to shift towards efforts to increase food production in Sri Lanka. The results of the study have various policy implications of monetary policy, food and agriculture policy and trade policy for Sri Lanka.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Trade (Sri Lanka)"

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Biyanwila, Janaka. "Trade unions in Sri Lanka under globalisation : reinventing worker solidarity". University of Western Australia. Faculty of Economics and Commerce, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0045.

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This study examines trade union resistance to the post 1977 Export Oriented Industrialisation (EOI) strategies in Sri Lanka, and the possibilities of developing new strategic options. In contrast to perspectives that narrow unions to political economic dimensions, this study emphasises the cultural and the movement dimensions of unions. The purpose of the study is to understand the ways unions can regain their role as civil society actors on the basis of building worker solidarity. The study is divided into two main parts. The first part focuses on the features and tendencies of social movement unionism as advancing new possibilities towards revitalising unions. Under globalisation, unions are faced with an increasingly casualised labour force with more women absorbed as wage workers. The promotion of labour market deregulation and privatisation, endorsed by neo-liberal ideologies of competitive individualism, illustrates the narrowing of unions to the workplace while undermining worker solidarity. The first part of this research describes the impact of :neo-liberal globalisation on trade unions; conceptualisation of and resistance to globalisation; the essence of trade unions; social movement unionism and labour internationalism. According to social movement unionism perspectives, party independent union strategies, based on elements of internal democracy and structured alliances open the possibility of emphasising the movement dimension of unions. The second part explains the context of unions in Sri Lanka, focusing on three unions - the Nurses, Tea Plantation workers, and Free Trade Zone workers. In terms of the structural context, Sri Lankan unions faced a multi-faceted weakening under the post-1977 EOI policies. The assertion of an authoritarian state, promoting interests of capital, enhanced the fragmentation of unions along party differences that were further compounded by divisions along ethnic identity politics. Moreover, the increasing militarisation of the state, which maintains a protracted ethnic war, reinforced coercive state strategies restraining union resistance and shrinking the realm of civil society. In confronting state strategies of labour market deregulation and privatisation, the enduring party subordinated unions are increasingly inadequate. In contrast, the three unions in this study express forms of party-independent union strategies. By analysing their modes of resistance related to the articulation of worker interests, their organisational modes, and their engagement in representative and movement politics the study explores the possibility of developing a social movement unionism orientation in order to regain their role as civil society actors
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Biyanwila, Janaka. "Trade unions in Sri Lanka under globalisation : reinventing worker solidarity /". Connect to this title, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0045.

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Liyanaarachchi, Tilak Susantha. "Trade Liberalisation and Poverty in Sri Lanka: A Computable General Equilibrium Micro-Macro Analysis". Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368152.

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Economic theory suggests that removing trade barriers increases economic growth and reduces poverty in developing countries. Mixed empirical evidence has made the trade — poverty linkage a controversial topic as there is still no guarantee that trade liberalisation will benefit the poor. Since the effects of trade on the poor are indirect, the empirical analysis of this relationship has become a complex task. Trade reform is observed at the macro level while income distribution and poverty issues are observed and analysed at the micro level. A general equilibrium model based Input-Output or Social Accounting Matrix or a microeconomic model based on household survey data alone is therefore not able to fill this micro-macro gap. In order to examine the impact of trade liberalisation on poverty and income inequality within a developing country context, this study develops a macro-micro framework to fill this gap by linking computable general equilibrium (CGE) and microsimulation models in top-down mode for the Sri Lankan economy. While the CGE model analyses the effects of trade liberalisation, the microsimulation model analyses the impact on poverty at the household level.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Bandara, Yapa M. W. Yaparatne. "Trade liberalisation and the productivity imperative in manufacturing industries of Sri Lanka /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17617.pdf.

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Sarvananthan, M. "An assessment of Contraband Trade and capital between India and Sri Lanka". Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638771.

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Contraband Trade can be defined as illicit trade between any two countries. For the purposes of this study Contraband Trade is divided into 'Technical Contraband Trade' (TCT) and 'Physical Contraband Trade' (PCT). TCT is defined as false invoicing of international trade, i.e. under-/over-invoicing of exports/imports. PCT is defined as complete unrecording of international trade. Thus TCT is partial evasion of tariffs and PCT is total evasion of tariffs. This is a quantitative and qualitative assessment of Indo-Sri Lanka Contraband Trade and Capital. The central research questions of this study are; (i) What is the extent of two-way Contraband Trade between India and Sri Lanka? (ii) What are the modi operandi of Indo-Sri Lanka Contraband Trade? (iii) What are the causes of Indo- Sri Lanka Contraband Trade? (iv) What are the effects of Indo-Sri Lanka Contraband Trade? (v) What are the policy options that can be derived from the causes and effects? TCT is detected at the partner-country data comparison method. This is an exercise in statistical detection of Contraband Trade. PCT is detected by the market price comparison method. Further, air passenger traffic data between India and Sri Lanka is used to estimate the total number of Contraband traders and the value of Contraband carried by air and sea are estimated by an interviewing method. By these methods the total value of two-way PCT between India and Sri Lanka is estimated. A study of Narcotic Drug (Heroin) Contraband Trade is undertaken using official data which is a one-way traffic from India to Sri Lanka. Further, a qualitative study of Corruption and Law Enforcement in Contraband Trade in Sri Lanka is undertaken using anecdotal evidence. Having established the quantitative and qualitative significance of Indo-Sri Lanka Contraband Trade the causes of such illegal trade are investigated employing an interviewing method. Next, the effects of Contraband Trade are studied applying the existing theories of economic welfare effects of Contraband Trade. Finally, from the causes and effects some policies to regularise or decriminalise Indo-Sri Lanka Contraband Trade are prescribed.
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Bohingamuwa, Wijerathne. "Sri Lanka and the Indian Ocean contacts : internal networks and external connections". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0a4d5520-7bcb-458a-8935-83a131cedb95.

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This study reconceptualises Sri Lanka's external trade and interactions from the middle of the first millennium BC to the early second millennium AD. Unlike earlier analyses, mine draws on the excavated material culture from three port-cum-urban centres - Mantai, Kantharodai and Kirinda - which were linked to major urban complexes, interior resource bases and Indian Ocean maritime networks. The scale and intensity of their external trade and connectivity, crafts and industries varied greatly over time and location. My findings illustrate Sri Lanka's earliest cultural-commercial connections with India from the middle of the first millennium BC. By the beginning of the CE, islanders were trading with the Middle East and the Mediterranean in the west and Southeast Asia and China in the east. The Middle East was a particularly strong connection from about the mid-3rd century. Materials from Southeast Asia and China arrive by the late 7th/8th centuries, with the focus of external trade shifting away from the Middle East to the Far-East around the end of the 10th century, lasting until the 12th/13th centuries and beyond. My findings demonstrate that internal developments in irrigated agriculture, iron technology, crafts, industries and procurement-distribution networks were crucial for external trade and connectivity. Contrary to the traditional view, I identify local agency as an important driving force behind both internal and external trade in ancient Sri Lanka. The island's external connectivity did not depend on a single factor but was based on specific historical realities which were constantly redefined and reformulated in response to the changing dynamics within and outside Sri Lanka.
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Naranpanawa, Athula Kithsiri Bandara, i n/a. "Trade Liberalisation and Poverty in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model: The Sri Lankan Case". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070130.165943.

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Many trade and development economists, policy makers and policy analysts around the world believe that globalisation promotes growth and reduces poverty. There exists a large body of theoretical and empirical literature on how trade liberalisation helps to promote growth and reduce poverty. However, critics of globalisation argue that, in developing countries, integration into the world economy makes the poor poorer and the rich richer. The most common criticism of globalisation is that it increases poverty and inequality. Much of the research related to the link between openness, growth and poverty has been based on cross-country regressions. Dollar and Kraay (2000; 2001), using regression analysis, argue that growth is pro poor. Moreover, their study suggests that growth does not affect distribution and poor as well as rich could benefit from it. Later, they demonstrate that openness to international trade stimulates rapid growth, thus linking trade liberalisation with improvements in wellbeing of the poor. Several other cross-country studies demonstrate a positive relationship between trade openness and economic growth (see for example Dollar, 1992; Sach and Warner, 1995 and Edward, 1998). In contrast, Rodriguez and Rodrik (2001) question the measurements related to trade openness in economic models, and suggest that generalisations cannot be made regarding the relationship between trade openness and growth. Several other studies also criticise the pro poor growth argument based upon the claim of weak econometrics and place more focus on the distributional aspect (see, for example, Rodrik, 2000). Ultimately, openness and growth have therefore become an empirical matter, and so has the relationship between trade and poverty. These weaknesses of cross-country studies have led to a need to provide evidence from case studies. Systematic case studies related to individual countries will at least complement cross-country studies such as that of Dollar and Kraay. As Chen and Ravallion (2004, p.30) argue, 'aggregate inequality or poverty may not change with trade reform even though there are gainers and losers at all levels of living'. They further argue that policy analysis which simply averages across diversities may miss important matters that are critical to the policy debate. In this study, Sri Lanka is used as a case study and a computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach is adopted as an analytical framework. Sri Lanka was selected as an interesting case in point to investigate this linkage for the following reasons: although Sri Lanka was the first country in the South Asian region to liberalise its trade substantially in the late seventies, it still experiences an incidence of poverty of a sizeable proportion that cannot be totally attributed to the long-standing civil conflict. Moreover, trade poverty linkage within the Sri Lankan context has hardly received any attention, while multi-sectoral general equilibrium poverty analysis within the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) based CGE model has never been attempted. In order to examine the link between globalisation and poverty, a poverty focussed CGE model for the Sri Lankan economy has been developed in this study. As a requirement for the development of such a model, a SAM of the Sri Lankan economy for the year 1995 has been constructed. Moreover, in order to estimate the intra group income distribution in addition to the inter group income distribution, income distribution functional forms for different household groups have been empirically estimated and linked to the CGE model in 'top down' mode: this will compute a wide range of household level poverty and inequality measurements. This is a significant departure from the traditional representative agent hypothesis used to specifying household income distributions. Furthermore, as the general equilibrium framework permits endogenised prices, an attempt was made to endogenise the change in money metric poverty line within the CGE model. Finally, a set of simulation experiments was conducted to identify the impacts of trade liberalisation in manufacturing and agricultural industries on absolute and relative poverty at household level. The results show that, in the short run, trade liberalisation of manufacturing industries increases economic growth and reduces absolute poverty in low-income household groups. However, it is observed that the potential benefits accruing to the rural low-income group are relatively low compared to other two low-income groups. Reduction in the flow of government transfers to households following the loss of tariff revenue may be blamed for this trend. In contrast, long run results indicate that trade liberalisation reduces absolute poverty in substantial proportion in all groups. It further reveals that, in the long run, liberalisation of the manufacturing industries is more pro poor than that of the agricultural industries. Overall simulation results suggest that trade reforms may widen the income gap between the rich and the poor, thus promoting relative poverty. This may warrant active interventions with respect to poverty alleviation activities following trade policy reforms.
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Naranpanawa, Athula. "Trade Liberalisation and Poverty in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model: The Sri Lankan Case". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366815.

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Many trade and development economists, policy makers and policy analysts around the world believe that globalisation promotes growth and reduces poverty. There exists a large body of theoretical and empirical literature on how trade liberalisation helps to promote growth and reduce poverty. However, critics of globalisation argue that, in developing countries, integration into the world economy makes the poor poorer and the rich richer. The most common criticism of globalisation is that it increases poverty and inequality. Much of the research related to the link between openness, growth and poverty has been based on cross-country regressions. Dollar and Kraay (2000; 2001), using regression analysis, argue that growth is pro poor. Moreover, their study suggests that growth does not affect distribution and poor as well as rich could benefit from it. Later, they demonstrate that openness to international trade stimulates rapid growth, thus linking trade liberalisation with improvements in wellbeing of the poor. Several other cross-country studies demonstrate a positive relationship between trade openness and economic growth (see for example Dollar, 1992; Sach and Warner, 1995 and Edward, 1998). In contrast, Rodriguez and Rodrik (2001) question the measurements related to trade openness in economic models, and suggest that generalisations cannot be made regarding the relationship between trade openness and growth. Several other studies also criticise the pro poor growth argument based upon the claim of weak econometrics and place more focus on the distributional aspect (see, for example, Rodrik, 2000). Ultimately, openness and growth have therefore become an empirical matter, and so has the relationship between trade and poverty. These weaknesses of cross-country studies have led to a need to provide evidence from case studies. Systematic case studies related to individual countries will at least complement cross-country studies such as that of Dollar and Kraay. As Chen and Ravallion (2004, p.30) argue, 'aggregate inequality or poverty may not change with trade reform even though there are gainers and losers at all levels of living'. They further argue that policy analysis which simply averages across diversities may miss important matters that are critical to the policy debate. In this study, Sri Lanka is used as a case study and a computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach is adopted as an analytical framework. Sri Lanka was selected as an interesting case in point to investigate this linkage for the following reasons: although Sri Lanka was the first country in the South Asian region to liberalise its trade substantially in the late seventies, it still experiences an incidence of poverty of a sizeable proportion that cannot be totally attributed to the long-standing civil conflict. Moreover, trade poverty linkage within the Sri Lankan context has hardly received any attention, while multi-sectoral general equilibrium poverty analysis within the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) based CGE model has never been attempted. In order to examine the link between globalisation and poverty, a poverty focussed CGE model for the Sri Lankan economy has been developed in this study. As a requirement for the development of such a model, a SAM of the Sri Lankan economy for the year 1995 has been constructed. Moreover, in order to estimate the intra group income distribution in addition to the inter group income distribution, income distribution functional forms for different household groups have been empirically estimated and linked to the CGE model in 'top down' mode: this will compute a wide range of household level poverty and inequality measurements. This is a significant departure from the traditional representative agent hypothesis used to specifying household income distributions. Furthermore, as the general equilibrium framework permits endogenised prices, an attempt was made to endogenise the change in money metric poverty line within the CGE model. Finally, a set of simulation experiments was conducted to identify the impacts of trade liberalisation in manufacturing and agricultural industries on absolute and relative poverty at household level. The results show that, in the short run, trade liberalisation of manufacturing industries increases economic growth and reduces absolute poverty in low-income household groups. However, it is observed that the potential benefits accruing to the rural low-income group are relatively low compared to other two low-income groups. Reduction in the flow of government transfers to households following the loss of tariff revenue may be blamed for this trend. In contrast, long run results indicate that trade liberalisation reduces absolute poverty in substantial proportion in all groups. It further reveals that, in the long run, liberalisation of the manufacturing industries is more pro poor than that of the agricultural industries. Overall simulation results suggest that trade reforms may widen the income gap between the rich and the poor, thus promoting relative poverty. This may warrant active interventions with respect to poverty alleviation activities following trade policy reforms.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Ganeshamoorthy, Murugesu. "The political economy of trade liberalization in developing countries : the Sri Lanka case /". Saarbrücken : Verl. für Entwicklungspolitik Saarbrücken, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39037302f.

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Wignaraja, Ganeshan. "Manufactured exports, outward-orientation and the acquisition of technological capabilities in Sri Lanka, 1977-89". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308891.

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Książki na temat "Trade (Sri Lanka)"

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Wignaraja, Ganeshan. Trade Liberalization in Sri Lanka. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26267-0.

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Betz, Joachim. Teepolitik in Sri Lanka. Hamburg: Institut für Asienkunde, 1987.

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Tilakasiri, J. Handicrafts of Sri Lanka. Moratuwa: Srimati Tilakasiri, 1994.

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Strathern, Alan, red. Sri Lanka at the crossroads of history. London: UCL Press, 2017.

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Centre for Poverty Analysis (Sri Lanka), red. Poverty and trade issues in Sri Lanka. Colombo: Centre for Poverty Analysis, 2005.

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Lal, Deepak. Impediments to trade liberalization in Sri Lanka. Aldershot: Gower for the TradePolicy Research Centre, 1989.

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Centre for Policy Research (New Delhi, India), red. Indo Sri Lanka trade: Prospects of cooperation. New Delhi: Centre for Policy Research, 1988.

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Sarath, Rajapatirana, red. Impediments to trade liberalization in Sri Lanka. Aldershot, Hampshire, U.K: Gower for the Trade Policy Research Centre, London, 1989.

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Kelegama, Saman. India-Sri Lanka Bilateral Free Trade Agreement: Six years performance and beyond. New Delhi: Research and Information System for Developing Countries, 2007.

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Indraratna, A. D. V. de S., Ranasinghe Athula 1959-, Abeysinghe Subhashini i Sri Lanka Economic Association, red. Global free trade versus trade agreements: Case of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Sri Lanka Economic Association, 2006.

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Części książek na temat "Trade (Sri Lanka)"

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Smith, Marisol, i Frank Ellis. "Sri Lanka". W Developing Agricultural Trade, 49–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403990211_4.

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Wignaraja, Ganeshan. "Introduction". W Trade Liberalization in Sri Lanka, 3–9. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26267-0_1.

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Wignaraja, Ganeshan. "The Acquisition of Industrial Technological Capabilities". W Trade Liberalization in Sri Lanka, 187–226. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26267-0_10.

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Wignaraja, Ganeshan. "Conclusions and Policy Implications". W Trade Liberalization in Sri Lanka, 229–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26267-0_11.

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Wignaraja, Ganeshan. "Analytical Framework". W Trade Liberalization in Sri Lanka, 11–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26267-0_2.

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Wignaraja, Ganeshan. "Growth and Export Performance of Manufacturing". W Trade Liberalization in Sri Lanka, 55–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26267-0_3.

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Wignaraja, Ganeshan. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Export Performance". W Trade Liberalization in Sri Lanka, 77–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26267-0_4.

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Wignaraja, Ganeshan. "The Incentive Structure for Manufacturing". W Trade Liberalization in Sri Lanka, 87–129. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26267-0_5.

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Wignaraja, Ganeshan. "Supply-Side Determinants of Competitiveness". W Trade Liberalization in Sri Lanka, 131–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26267-0_6.

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Wignaraja, Ganeshan. "Interventions in Manufacturing: Main Findings". W Trade Liberalization in Sri Lanka, 151–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26267-0_7.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Trade (Sri Lanka)"

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Weerakoon, H. D., i H. Chandanie. "ANALYSIS OF FEASIBILITY OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE RELATED TO SRI LANKAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY". W The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.7.

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Sri Lankan (SL) construction industry has been trading with overseas suppliers to fulfil the need for material and technology. This process faces many issues due to the poor digitalisation of the industry. The financial flow of international trade is dominated by financial institutions (i.e., banks) and the industry faces many issues e.g., delays, additional charges, complexity, lack of information sharing, and requiring legal assistance. Blockchain Technology (BCT) has emerged as a revolutionary digital technology in the past decade. Key features of BCT i.e., immutability, decentralisation, distributed ledgers, enhanced security, consensus, and speed have been identified to provide solutions for issues in the various industries including the supply chain. Hence this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of using BCT to solve existing issues in financial flow with special reference to the barriers to adopt it in the international trade of the Sri Lankan construction industry. As the data collection method, an expert opinion forum was carried out by involving both international trade experts and blockchain specialists in the Sri Lankan construction industry. Key findings present that BCT can solve issues such as transparency issues and poor information sharing between parties, excessive documentation and complexities, payment delays, and financial costs in the international trade of the SL construction industry. Further, findings revealed that the government’s approval, legal requirements, lack of knowledge and technology, and reluctance to change the industry can act as barriers to adopt BCT in Sri Lanka.
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Bopitiyegedara, N., A. B. Jayasinghe i P. K. S. Mahanama. "Impacts of covid-19 on individuals’ behaviour & perception in public space: a case study of Colombo, Sri Lanka". W Independence and interdependence of sustainable spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2022.30.

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SARS‐CoV‐2 has become a global pandemic while impacting most sectors including public space (PS). In the citizens-view, PS have become unfamiliar places with distant social interactions in a pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of covid-19 on individuals’ behaviour & perception in PS. Limited studies attempted and different contexts find out the different results, make curiosity to apply it into the Sri Lankan context with case studies of Galle Face, Pettah Railway Station, World Trade Centre and Independent Square. Using semi-structured interviews carried out data among 27 participants. Public perception is measured using changes of experience, interest & their satisfaction level. Individual behaviour measured using Frequency of visiting place and time duration spent there. According to the results, 92.6% of respondents have a sufficient understanding of pandemic. Therefore, they adapt their behaviour to reduce the risk and protect themselves. Because even 62% of respondents answered that they feel more insecure in place than before the pandemic, 56.5% did not change their frequency of visiting the place. But 68% of respondents changed their spending time. Observations shows, people mostly use, move, and react in wide places without being crowded.
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K, DHAMMIKA, i N. GUNAWARDHANA. "Historical importance of the trade of horses in ancient Sri Lanka from 6th B C E to the 10th C E". W Second International Conference on Advances in Management, Economics and Social Science - MES 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-046-0-138.

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Karn, Arodh Lal, i Rakshha Kumari Karna. "Supply line engineering on importation and exportation: bimstec perspective". W Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.016.

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Purpose – the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether supply line engineering strategies of goods and service exports, exports transport services and export time have a significant impact on GDP growth of BIMSTEC countries or not. Research methodology – the study employed a panel vector error correction model (VECM) instead of loose VAR to examine the short and long-run relationship among the selected indicators and GDP growth. Findings – in the long-run, the time of export negatively and suggestively associate with GDP. Conversely, VECM based Granger causality test signposted that in short-run only unidirectional causality running from goods and service exports (GSE), trade duration like exports time (ET) toward GDP and for the rest of the variables no causality found. Research limitations – this study is contextualized only on Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Practical implications – to investigate the current position of the link between supply line logistics strategies and economic growth by using annual data for the period of 1980 to 2014 and possible weaknesses and logistics presence. Originality/Value – this paper is an attempt, first of its kind, to fill up this shortfall, to estimate the relationship of exports transport services, exports time, and goods and services exports with GDP growth of BIMSTEC countries.
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Prabhashwara, K. M. B. C., K. G. A. S. Waidyasekara i R. D. W. W. Jayathilaka,. "An Assessment of skill and competency gaps in the construction industry: the case of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing workers". W Independence and interdependence of sustainable spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2022.20.

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Most countries including Sri Lanka suffer from the skill and competency gap of labours in construction projects. Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) sectors are one of the main trades which takes maximum advantage of skilled labours. Although several researches have been conducted to find skills gap and labour shortage related to masonry work, carpentry, tiling, etc., few studies have been conducted related to MEP sector in the Sri Lankan construction industry. Hence, this paper focused on assessing skills gap and competency gap in MEP sector of Sri Lankan construction industry. Subsequent to the comprehensive literature review, questionnaire survey and expert interviews were carried out adopting mixed method approach, to analyze the skills gap. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed through mean weighted rating and manual content analysis respectively. The study revealed that learning, numerical, reading and writing are the skills which have highest skills gap while performing general physical activities, directing and training subordinates, and monitoring of activities have most competency gap. Enhancement of MEP related courses, improvement of training facilities, increment of awareness on MEP sector, and providing proper salaries can significantly address the current skills gap.
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Madusanka, M. H. Ashan, Sandun Sadanayake i lkMeththika Vithanage. "Fluoride releasing kinetics in a weathered bearing biotite gneiss". W ERU Symposium 2021. Engineering Research Unit (ERU), University of Moratuwa, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/eru.2021.13.

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In several regions of the dry zone of Sri Lanka, excessive quantities of fluoride (F-) in groundwater have affected the water quality significantly. Apart from the well-known prevalence of dental fluorosis, Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) is widespread in different pockets in the dry zone of Sri Lanka [1]. Fluoride is one of the substances suspected of being causative of CKDu in the area. Since the kidneys retain more F- than in any other soft tissue and excess F- exposure can cause kidney disease. Within the same zone, the prevalence of CKDu varies by geographic area in a ground water and spatial distribution of selected trace elements in groundwater. The optimum F- level in drinking water, according to WHO guidelines, is 1.5 (mg/L); however, due to the unfavorable climatic conditions that exist in tropical countries, people ingest more water than normal intake, resulting in a high F- intake. The source of F- is geogenic. It has been found that the F- content of basement rocks ranges from 9.5×10-5 to 1.44×10-3 kg/L in the region [3]. Farmers consume about 2-3 liters of water a day to quench their thirst, resulting in a daily F- intake of 3×10-3-1×10-2 kg/L [4].
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Kuganathan, Sivashanthini, Dhanushka Dilini Jayaweera Shivatharshini Yohi i Kuttithamby Gunaalan. "Quantitative Analysis Of Trace Metal In Water And Soft Tissues Of Balanus Amphitrite In Nandikadal Lagoon, Sri Lanka". W 2nd International Conference on Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icrset.2019.11.778.

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Due to long–term military activities carried out in Nandikadal lagoon situated at Mullaitivu, Sri Lanka, there are high possibilities to impact water and biota with heavy metals. Balanus amphitrite (Barnacles) has been found as a strong candidate for biomonitoring of trace metals. Therefore, the present study describes the impacts of trace metal pollution on water and the soft tissues of Balanus amphitrite. Water samples and barnacles were collected from two locations of the lagoon for four months during the dry and wet seasons. Quantitative analysis of trace metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn) were detected in the water and tissue samples using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu found in tissues of barnacles were several times higher than the International recommended level except for Zn. The concentration of Pb in tissues of barnacles showed a significant (p < 0.05) spatial variation. The Cd and Cu concentrations obtained in soft tissues showed significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variations. The concentration of Cr in water showed a significant (p < 0.05) spatial variation and other trace metals (Pb,Cd) except Zn, showed significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variations. There were significant positive correlations between water and soft tissues with respect to Cd (p=0.000 & r = 0.893) and Pb (p=0.002 & r=0.435). Zn found in samples showed negative correlation between water and soft tissues. According to this results Balanus amphitrite has an ability to accumulate trace metals several times greater than in the lagoon water. Therefore, Balanus amphitrite is a strong net–accumulator of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr. Hence, it is a good choice to be used as a bioindicator organism to find the level impact of trace metal contamination.
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de Silva, Savini, Prabuddhi Wijekoon i Meththika Vithanage. "Trace Metals in the Atmospheric Deposition and Gaseous Emissions around Karadiyana Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite, Sri Lanka". W 2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon52712.2021.9525716.

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Jayalath, C., i K. K. G. P. Somarathna. "COVID-19 AND INFORMAL LABOUR IN CONSTRUCTION: A NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF WEBINAR DISCUSSIONS". W The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.19.

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Many countries after a remarkable spike in COVID-19 cases, opted to lockdown and quarantine curfew that restricted the movement of people. Construction is one of the main sectors experiencing a clear impact due to COVID-19. As a significant growth driver of the economy, the domestic construction industry employs nearly one million of the population directly in various trades. Unfortunately, almost every project has been severely hampered. It is, therefore, prudent to address the impact of the pandemic on construction labour at the outset and end of the crisis to prepare for any future challenges or opportunities that it may undergo. This study aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the construction industry's survival and possible measures to be taken in both the short and the long run. This paper summarizes using a narrative analysis of the key takeaways of 15 webinar discussions on the COVID-19 impact and outlook of the construction sector in Sri Lanka. The impacts and fallouts have been addressed by key industry personnel. The study found the most prominent impacts of COVID-19 are the suspension of projects, labour impact, and job loss, time overrun, cost overrun, and delay in payments. The findings of this study shed light on the consequences of the sudden occurrence of a pandemic and raise awareness of the most critical impacts which cannot be overlooked. The findings also help project stakeholders prepare for any future worst-case scenarios.
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Aluvihara, Suresh, C. S. Kalpage, P. W. S. K. Bandaranayake, W. M. A. T. Bandara i Ciprian Chelaru. "Investigations and Analysis of Earth Materials towards the Developments in Some Advanced Chemical and Catalytic Uses". W The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.i.3.

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Earth materials are some sort of valuable resources with some multiples uses in some of industrial purposes and they are obtaining some economical values based upon the demand and the abundance. According to the most of research and experiments that relevant with the characteristics of solid earth materials, mainly there were obtained and disclosed some various outstanding physic-chemical characteristics of a large number of earth materials including the applications of material processing, nano-materials, composite materials and hard materials. In the existing research there were expected to characterize some selected clay varieties, a dolomite variety and a feldspar variety which are available in Sri Lanka towards the developments especially in some advanced chemical and catalytic applications. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopic analysis and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis were done for all of selected materials. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done for three different selected clays and the Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis was done for three different clay types and for a dolomite variety. According to the obtained results for the research, there were found the presence of at least 75% of Fe as the major element in each of clay with some other trace metallic elements such as K, Ti, Ca, Ba and Zr in such clays, kaolinite, montmorillonite and some of Fe minerals namely as muscovite and glauconite in such clays with quartz as a non-clayey mineral. There were found some higher amount of calcite in the selected dolomite with a trace amount of K and also there were found some higher K and Ca amounts presence in the selected feldspar rocks. When comparing the obtained results with past research out comes and modifications of materials, it seems that these materials will be much useful in the industrial applications such as the catalytic activities, waste water treatment applications in the removal of heavy metals due to the adsorption capacity, ion exchanging materials to remove unnecessary ions from waste water and in the removal of hardness from waste water due to the adsorption capacity of dolomite.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Trade (Sri Lanka)"

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Rose, Amy, Brendan McBennett, Joseph D. Palchak, Jaquelin M. Cochran, H. M. Wijekoon, Buddhika Samarasekara i Randika Wijekoon. Cross-Border Electricity Trade between India and Sri Lanka: Impact on Power System Operations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1485773.

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