Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Trade, Investment, and Labour Mobility Agreement

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Trade, Investment, and Labour Mobility Agreement”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 25 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Trade, Investment, and Labour Mobility Agreement"

Kukucha, Christopher J. "Internal Trade Agreements in Canada: Progress, Complexity and Challenges". Canadian Journal of Political Science 48, nr 1 (marzec 2015): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423915000232.

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AbstractDespite criticism of ongoing protectionism, this study argues that Canada's internal trade regime has evolved significantly since the implementation of the original Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT). This includes thirteen formal amendments to the AIT and numerous regional agreements in Western, Central, and Atlantic Canada. Borrowing from the liberal International Political Economy (IPE) literature it argues that existing regional agreements complement and offer a potential framework for broader internal trade reforms at the national level. Of these the New West Partnership Trade Agreement (NWPTA) offers a promising model for Canada's internal market, with revised rules and norms related to negative lists, labour mobility, procurement, and investment and dispute settlement. Ongoing efforts to remove barriers will also be linked to a strengthened Internal Trade Secretariat, confidence-building measures, increased transparency and further reform of technical language.

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Sosnow, Clifford R., Sean Stephenson i Peter Kirby. "The Canada-European Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement and the Mining Sector: Key Issues and Opportunities". Global Trade and Customs Journal 9, Issue 6 (1.06.2014): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2014028.

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The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the EU has the potential to be a generational 'game changer'. This potential is particularly robust for the mining sector. CETA will reduce tariffs on all mining commodities to zero, allow greater trans-Atlantic labour mobility, and access to capital and investments critical to capital intensive mining projects. Changes will not be immediate; however if CETA fulfils its potential, the benefits for Canadian and European mining companies could be considerable. While technical aspects of CETA continue to be negotiated and finalized, this article highlights publically available information at the time of writing on CETA's chapters on goods, services, investment, and the environment and how they apply to the mining sector.

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Otteburn, Kari, i Axel Marx. "A Glass Half-Empty or Half-Full? An Assessment of the Labour Provisions in the CAI from Chinese and European Perspectives". Journal of World Investment & Trade 23, nr 4 (5.08.2022): 601–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340262.

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Abstract The EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) presents a balancing act in labour rights protection. For the EU, labour rights protection constitutes an integral part of every trade and investment agreement it negotiates. China rarely includes labour provisions in trade and investment agreements. This article discusses current EU and Chinese approaches to integrating labour rights in trade and investment agreements, then introduces the provisions included in the proposed text of the CAI, and finally compares the proposed provisions in the CAI to the current approaches of the parties, focusing on five issues: international commitments, domestic labour regulation, dispute settlement, cooperation and stakeholder engagement. The article finds that from a European perspective, the CAI might represent a step back, while from a Chinese perspective, it might represent a step forward.

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Lilly, Meredith B. "Advancing labour mobility in trade agreements". Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 18, nr 2 (17.06.2019): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-06-2018-0025.

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Purpose Labour mobility is increasingly recognized as an important component of a globalized international trading system. This paper aims to examine the role of temporary entry commitments in international trade agreements toward facilitating global labour mobility. Design/methodology/approach This paper traces three decades of temporary entry provisions in international trade agreements signed by the USA and Canada, beginning with their bilateral Canada–US Free Trade Agreement and culminating in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Findings The paper finds that while many countries have continued to liberalize their temporary entry commitments in various trade agreements, the USA has reversed course in the previous decade, hampering international progress. Meanwhile, Canada has pursued ever greater labour mobility provisions with most of its trading partners. Practical implications The unique roles played by the USA, Canada and other trading partners in advancing a coherent international labour mobility agenda are considered. To continue to advance labour mobility in trade agreements moving forward, policy alternatives to the “all” or “nothing” approaches pursued by Canada and the USA are suggested. Originality/value To the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to formally evaluate labour mobility in the TPP and the only paper to outline the evolution of temporary entry in the US vs Canadian trade agreements over three decades.

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Engblom, Samuel, i Åsa Odin Ekman. "Expanding the Movement of Natural Persons Through Free Trade Agreements? A Review of CETA, TPP and ChAFTA". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 35, Issue 2 (1.06.2019): 163–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2019009.

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Researchers and international institutions have tried to solve a fundamental paradox in the politics of migration. While introducing stricter migration policy stands high on the agenda of many countries, demographic facts suggest that they will need to introduce more extensive labour immigration to avoid labour shortages. Meanwhile, attempts to introduce a legally binding international regime on labour mobility, most ambitiously through Mode 4 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and as requested by developing countries, have had limited success. This article explores one of the political options for resolving this: regulating the movement of natural persons through free trade agreements. It examines three recently concluded free trade agreements (FTAs), the EU–Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), the China–Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), in an attempt to answer two questions. First, do the signatories commit to more expansive possibilities for labour mobility than through the GATS? Second, what has the political reception of such measures been? While most of the signatories are willing to schedule more far-reaching commitments through FTAs than through the GATS, these commitments typically fall within the realm of existing work permit systems in domestic law. In addition, we find examples of political backlash in countries that have included somewhat more ambitious mobility provisions in FTAs, particularly in Australia. These FTAs may still play a role by improving mutual recognition of skills, and limiting the impact of national reforms to restrict labour migration. However, we conclude that FTAs appear to be neither a manifestly successful instrument for significantly liberalizing labour mobility, nor an evidently desirable one. We call for a more holistic approach that refrains from temporary labour mobility programmes to meet permanent demand for labour, with respect for migrant workers’ rights at its core.

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Jurje, Flavia, i Sandra Lavenex. "Mobility Norms in Free Trade Agreements". European Journal of East Asian Studies 17, nr 1 (21.06.2018): 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01701005.

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Abstract Notwithstanding their traditional attachment to sovereignty, Southeast and East Asian countries have embraced a dynamic agenda of labour mobility liberalisation through trade agreements. This article assesses the free movement agenda within ASEAN from a multi-level perspective, comparing it to ASEAN countries’ corresponding commitments within the World Trade Organisation’s General Agreement on Trade in Services and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) concluded as a group or individually with non-ASEAN countries. Contrary to other trade aspects it turns out that intra-regional commitments within ASEAN do not significantly exceed multilateral ones, and score below the level of liberalisation achieved in ASEAN+ and bilateral FTAs. This article interprets this discrepancy as a consequence of strong economic and labour market differences among ASEAN members as well as the lower sensitivity of allegedly technocratic FTAs for considerations of national sovereignty. The article concludes with the limits of this trade policy approach for migration governance and migrants’ rights.

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LLOYD, PETER. "When should new areas of rules be added to the WTO?" World Trade Review 4, nr 2 (lipiec 2005): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745605002399.

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When the WTO was created as an outcome of the Uruguay Round, one of the major differences from its predecessor, the GATT, was the addition of new areas of rules of trade. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS), and to some extent also the Agreement on Trade-related Investment Measures (TRIMs) added sets of rules that were entirely new. By adding trade in services, the rules of the multilateral trade organization now encompass trade in all produced goods and services. The WTO rules, however, encompass neither the international movements of capital or labour, nor other non-trade policies, such as those relating to the environment, labour standards, and competition policy, with minor exceptions.

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Perulli, Adalberto. "Sustainability, Social Rights and International Trade: The TTIP". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 31, Issue 4 (1.12.2015): 473–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2015026.

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This article analyses the prospects opened up in the social field by the negotiation on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the European Union (EU) and United States (US), with reference to labour law and social sustainability. Trade integration between the two partners should lead to an inter-normative approach, incorporating Fundamental Social Rights into the Treaty. The author proposes the inclusion of a chapter dedicated to compliance with labour rights, containing a social clause inspired by Article 20 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), in accordance with the negotiation directives. The social clause should include references to the ILO Core Labour Standards, individual and collective labour rights, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and the regulation in a social perspective of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).

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Viano, Emilio C. "AN AMERICAN DILEMMA: THE FLOW OF TRADE VERSUS THE FLOW OF PEOPLE IN NAFTA". Denning Law Journal 22, nr 1 (26.11.2012): 87–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v22i1.355.

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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994 aims at creating the legal, political, and business conditions for a freer circulation of goods, capitals and services in North America. However it gives scant attention to the mobility of workers. The basic premise of this paper is that globalisation of trade and the universal diffusion of human rights have evolved and progressed side by side, even though with difficulty and reluctantly, and that the regional liberalisation of trade must be deeply interwoven with issues related to socio-economic rights to be ultimately and durably successful. This paper’s major questions are: How does NAFTA address labour mobility? Does NAFTA neglect, oppose or support the free movement of people across its borders? Does the agreement deal with labour mobility in a clear and definite manner or does it ignore it and give it short shrift? Should NAFTA support the liberalisation of immigration within its area as a long term objective, as part of a deeper and broader regional integration, conditioned on considerable reforms by its Member States, especially Mexico’s legal system, and energy, tax and banking policies, among others? Is the free movement of people needed to be truly successful and provide economic security, survival and prosperity for its member countries in view of vastly changed economic and trade conditions since its inception? This paper first traces the history of the drafting of NAFTA. Then it examines what NAFTA means for labour mobility within the complex interaction between an economic colossus like the United States and a developing country like Mexico, also taking into account current migration trends. In this section, the paper also covers the liberalisation of the mobility of labour (albeit limited) brought about through administrative regulations. Interspersed with this there is a discussion of what should be a mutually reinforcing relationship between international free trade and social policy.

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Chanda, Rupa. "Mobility of Less-Skilled Workers under Bilateral Agreements: Lessons for the GATS". Journal of World Trade 43, Issue 3 (1.06.2009): 479–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2009020.

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Temporary cross-border movement of service providers is a form of trade in labour services. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) provides a framework for liberalizing such trade flows. There has, however, been little progress in the GATS negotiations on movement of service providers or mode 4, especially with regard to low-skilled movement. This is in contrast to several bilateral arrangements that cover low-skilled labour mobility. This article outlines the desirable characteristics of selected bilateral labour agreements that facilitate the movement of low-skilled workers. It argues that the GATS mode 4 negotiations could draw upon these desirable features to improve market access commitments for less-skilled service providers while also addressing host country sensitivities. It outlines possible ways of incorporating these features into the GATS framework of commitments and limitations.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Trade, Investment, and Labour Mobility Agreement"

Young, Allison Marie. "Liberalization and regulation of the movement of service suppliers, comparing the provisions for labour mobility in the General Agreement on Trade Services, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the European Union". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66674.pdf.

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Książki na temat "Trade, Investment, and Labour Mobility Agreement"

Gould, Ellen. Asking for trouble: The trade, investment and labour mobility agreement. Vancouver, BC: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2007.

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Gould, Ellen. Asking for trouble: The Trade, Investment and Labour Mobility Agreement. Vancouver, B.C: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, BC Office, 2007.

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Macmillan, Kathleen. A new prescription: Can the BC-Alberta TILMA resuscitate internal trade in Canada? Toronto [Ont.]: C.D. Howe Institute, 2007.

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1971-, Blouin Chantal, i Canada. Status of Women Canada. Policy Research., red. Engendering Canadian trade policy: A case study of labour mobility in trade agreements. [Ottawa]: Status of Women Canada, 2004.

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Rupal, Mistry, i Refugee and Migratory Movements Research Unit., red. Labour mobility from Bangladesh: Opportunities through the general agreement on trade in services. Dhaka: Refugee and Migratory Movements Research Unit, 2008.

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Lemieux, Thomas, i Richard G. Harris. Social and labour market aspects of North American linkages. Redaktorzy Harris Richard G, Lemieux Thomas, Canada Industry Canada i Canada. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2005.

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Alan, Winters L., red. Liberalising labour mobility under the GATS. London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 2002.

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Engendering Canadian Trade Policy: A Case Study of Labour Mobility in Trade Agreements. Canadian Government Publishing, 2004.

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Grynberg, Roman, Alan Winters, Terrie Walmsley i Zhen Kun Wang. Liberalising Labour Mobility Under the GATS: Economic Paper 53 (Economic Paper Series). Commonwealth Secretariat, 2003.

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Lemieux, Thomas, i Richard G. Harris. Social and Labour Market Aspects of North American Linkages. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Części książek na temat "Trade, Investment, and Labour Mobility Agreement"

"Governing labour mobility in the Asia-Pacific". W ESCAP Studies in Trade and Investment, 39–51. UN, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/57ba42be-en.

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Marshall, Shelley. "Complementary or Functional Rival? Labour Regulation of Garment Industry Workers in Cambodia by Better Factories Cambodia". W Living Wage, 122–42. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830351.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 explores the formalisation of the Cambodian garment industry and the factors that have shaped and constrained the effectiveness of the combination of the US–Cambodia Bilateral Textile Agreement and the International Labour Organization’s Better Factories Project. Unlike the Mathadi Boards examined in Chapter 4, a great deal has been written about efforts to improve working standards in the Cambodian garment industry. The Chapter makes two important interventions in the already abundant literature on Better Factories Cambodia. Firstly, it focuses on the role of the trade agreement that led to the establishment of Better Factories Cambodia, as preferential treatment in trade played a critical part in encouraging investment in formal enterprises. It argues that trade incentives were just as important as the BFC in improving the labour standards of participating enterprises. Secondly, it examines the initiative in the context of Cambodia’s political economy showing how the Hun Sen government has used the initiative to its advantage and avoided investing in its own labour inspectorate. For this reason, the chapter asks whether Better Factories Cambodia has become a functional rival to the state labour inspectorate.

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Hoekman, Bernard M., i Michel M. Kostecki. "Towards Deeper Integration? The ‘Trade And’ Agenda". W The Political Economy of the World Trading System, 582–637. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199553761.003.00013.

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Abstract Starting with the Kennedy Round, MTNs began to focus on domestic regulatory policies and administrative procedures that have an impact on trade. This trend shows no sign of abating. In the Doha Round competition law and investment policy was discussed, and there are long standing proposals and pressures to incorporate disciplines on labour standards and environmental policy. The focus of the GATT was largely limited to the reduction or abolition of discrimination against foreign products. The approach was one of negative or shallow integration: agreement not to do specific things (for example, raise tariffs above bound levels, use indirect taxes to discriminate against foreign products, or to use QRs) or to do things in a certain way if a government decided to pursue a policy (for example, make a determination of injury caused by dumping a pre-condition for the imposition of an AD action). Shallow integration has been (and continues to be) the bedrock of the trading system. But this approach is more difficult to use to address differences in domestic regulatory regimes. Positive or deep integration may be required: agreement to pursue common policies, to harmonize (Tinbergen, 1954; Lawrence and Litan, 1991).

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Harcourt, Alison. "UK Policy towards the Creative Industries Sector Post-Brexit". W Brexit and the Digital Single Market, 45—C3N90. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192899378.003.0003.

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Abstract Chapter 3 scrutinises the UK’s position towards the creative industries post-Brexit, which is a key domestic growth sector. It begins with examination of the national policy toolkit used to promote national content production. This includes subsidies, tax relief, quotas, and public service broadcasting. The chapter then turns to the effect of Brexit on foreign investment, independent production, and employment. It finds that removal of EU rules on the freedom of movement has negatively affected the creative sector, which is an industry requiring a high degree of flexibility and mobility. The chapter then examines the UK’s post-Brexit status concerning the sector under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and free-trade agreements. The conclusion points to the freedom of movement being the most salient problem for the creative industries. The UK is found to have more flexibility in delivery of state aid to the sector. However, there is an imbalance in funding support moved towards infrastructure, such as broadband, and away from the cultural sector, particularly the creative arts.

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Hamdan, Mahani, Muhammad Anshari i Norainie Ahmad. "An Overview of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)". W Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, 1–15. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815123227123010004.

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The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a recently established Free Trade Agreement between Asia-Pacific countries with the goal of increasing trade between participating countries. A total of twenty Chapters, seventeen Annexes, and fifty-four schedules of obligations are included in the agreement between its partners, with legal features correlating to the explorations of its interactions with member countries. RCEP established an integrated market with 15 member countries, which has facilitated the mobility of products and services among them. It aims to negotiate on trade in products and services, investment, intellectual property, dispute settlement, e-commerce, small and medium-sized firms, and economic cooperation. Currently, it is the world's largest free trade agreement in terms of economic impact, and it has the potential to promote trade and integration among member countries. The objectives of this chapter are to evaluate the opportunities and challenges RCEP faces. We focus primarily on secondary data gathered from scholarly journals and formal reports. RCEP has the potential to expand economic growth among the participating countries. However, one of the challenges that needs to be considered is that some countries may be in a less advantageous position, as the agreements made might affect their internal economic development. We argue that despite the numerous advantages of the Partnership, all members must be able to address the four major issues identified in this chapter if they were to benefit fully from the RCEP.

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Bahtiyar, Görkem. "Globalization, Financial Development and Income Inequality". W Handbook of Research on Strategic Developments and Regulatory Practice in Global Finance, 349–74. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7288-8.ch022.

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Globalization, as a concept has three main aspects: economic, political and social. Economic globalization in general, refers to the liberalization of trade between countries and increasing mobility of factors. In the case of factor mobility, capital flows come to the fore. Increasing capital mobility in the form of foreign direct investment and more importantly, portfolio investments, apart from causing a new international division of labour among regions of the world, also have important effects on the financialization phenomenon, changes in income distribution and changing institutional structures. Developments in information-telecommunication technologies, changing patterns in intellectual sphere, as well as in political and economic institutions especially after the mid-1970s play a role in the rise of financial globalization. Financial liberalization has been celebrated since McKinnon (1973)-Shaw (1973), but the Great Recession sparked doubts on the ability of unchecked financial development on providing a solid and fair foundation of economic development.

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Paul, Joel R. "Competitive and Non-Competitive Regulatory Markets: The Regulation of Packaging Waste in the EU". W International Regulatory Competition and Coordination, 353–78. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198260356.003.0012.

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Abstract Opponents of the World Trade Organization, the European Union, and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have popularized the idea that regulatory competition will lead to a race to the bottom. According to the conventional view of regulatory competition represented by these critics, where capital, finished goods, and services are relatively mobile across national borders, regulators will be induced to lower regulatory standards to compete for scarce investment capital (Paul 1991: 70-4; Batra 1993: 215-30; Daly & Cobb 1989: 5r-61). This paradigm of the relationship between private capital and state regulators describes a regulatory market in which competing states offer infrastructure, labour, and market access to private capital subject to certain regulatory conditions or costs, and private capital is free to select the state that offers the most favourable regulatory regime.

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Brenner, Robert. "Property and Progress: Where Adam Smith Went Wrong". W Marxist History-writing for the Twenty-first Century. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264034.003.0004.

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During the first half of the twentieth century there was widespread agreement as to whether the way to understand the historical emergence of economic development in the West was through the theoretical lens provided by Adam Smith. This chapter critiques Smith's view of the transition through which the pre-capitalist social property relations were transformed into capitalist property relations – a transition that is believed to have been mistakenly attributed by Smith to the expansion of trade. It is argued instead that the rise of capitalist social property relations in England, which led to economic development, was instead catalyzed by the growth of specialization, investment, and the rising labour productivity in agriculture. In addition, it is argued that industrial and economic development were caused by the separation of the manufacturing from the peasantry.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Trade, Investment, and Labour Mobility Agreement"

Walmsley, Terrie, S. Amer Ahmed i Christopher Parsons. The Impact of Liberalizing Labour Mobility in the Pacific Region. GTAP Working Paper, wrzesień 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp31.

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Due to the lack of political consensus at the previous General Agreement on Trade on Services (GATS), negotiations on the temporary movement of natural persons (Mode 4) have stagnated. However the recent labour shortages in several labour intensive sectors, particularly agriculture, in Australia and New Zealand has recently provoked a serious debate over the implementation of policies that would facilitate the supply and employment of guest workers. This paper implements a CGE model of bilateral migration flows (GMig2) to quantify the benefits of liberalizing GATS Mode 4 in the Pacific region. The results indicate that an increase in the labour forces of Australia and New Zealand from elsewhere within the Pacific region would raise welfare in Australia and New Zealand. However, the results also demonstrate that while the Pacific Islands economies could gain substantially from the movement of unskilled workers, the loss of scarce skilled workers could lead to significant declines in the welfare of those remaining, which could offset the gains from the movement of unskilled labour. Agreements regarding the movement of unskilled labour could therefore potentially constitute significant development policies which warrant further attention from policy makers. Keywords: Applied general equilibrium modeling, Pacific, GATS Mode 4, labour mobility, skill, and welfare.

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