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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 11 września 2023

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1

Powell, J. David. Space infrared telescope pointing control system: Infrared telescope tracking in the presence of target motion : final report. Stanford, Calif: Guidance and Control Laboratory, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, 1986.

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2

K, Masten Michael, i Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., red. Acquisition, tracking, and pointing VIII: 5-8 April 1994, Orlando, Florida. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE, 1994.

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3

Sepowski, Stephen J., red. The Ultimate Hint Book. Old Saybrook, CT: The Ultimate Game Club Ltd., 1991.

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4

Decisionhealth. Tracer Target Guide. Decision Health, 2009.

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5

Decision, Health. Tracer Target Guide. Decision Health, 2010.

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6

Ruttle, Kate. Target Tracker for Writing Sample Booklet. Cambridge University Press, 2001.

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7

Target Tracker Book 1: Assessment and Target Setting for Writing Spiral bound: Working Within and Beyond Level 1 (Target Tracker). Cambridge University Press, 2001.

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8

Target Tracker Book 2: Assessment and Target Setting for Writing Spiral bound: Working Within and Beyond Level 2 (Target Tracker). Cambridge University Press, 2001.

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9

Ruttle, Kate, i Angela McCormick. Target Tracker Book 4: Assessment and Target Setting for Writing Spiral bound: Working Within Levels 4 and 5 (Target Tracker). Cambridge University Press, 2001.

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10

Target Tracker Book 3: Assessment and Target Setting for Writing Spiral bound: Working Within and Beyond Level 3 (Target Tracker). Cambridge University Press, 2001.

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11

MEDIA, R. Y. S. All Purpose Goals Tracker: Track Your Targets. Independently Published, 2022.

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12

Cavanagh, Patrick, Lorella Battelli i Alex Holcombe. Dynamic Attention. Redaktorzy Anna C. (Kia) Nobre i Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.016.

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The authors review how attention helps track and process dynamic events, selecting and integrating information across time and space to produce a continuing identity for a moving, changing target. Rather than a fixed ‘spotlight’ that helps identify a static target, attention needs a mobile window or ‘pointer’ to track a moving target, picking up pieces of evidence along the way to determine not just what the target is, but what it is doing. Behavioural studies show that this dynamic version of attention is model-based, using familiar trajectories to help identify a target and to guide encoding of continuing input from its path. Attention has very coarse temporal resolution for both static and moving targets. However, when the focus of selection is on the move, a given location on a moving target’s path can be selected for extremely brief instants, as little as 50 ms, compared to the typical ‘dwell time’ or minimum duration of attention selection at a fixed location, of 200 ms or more. To determine the path of a moving object, attention must accurately process and sort the onsets and offsets in order to match an offset to the subsequent onset. This aspect of dynamic attention has been called the ‘when’ pathway and patient studies show that it is a qualitatively different system from spatial attention, being completely based in the right parietal lobe for events in both hemifields. Finally, like the salience map of spatial attention, temporal attention may have its own map that guides allocation to upcoming, current, and recent moments to select information at the appropriate time, changing the experience of time as it does so.

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13

Nasios, Angelo. Tarot Tracker: A Year-Long Journey. Schiffer Publishing, Limited, 2017.

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14

Millikan, Ruth Garrett. How Unicepts Get Their Referents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717195.003.0005.

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The question what determines the referents/extensions of unicepts is the same as the question how their unitrackers are set up and tested for adequacy, a question that concerns, roughly, conceptual development. A unicept’s referent is what its unitracker is designed to track—its target. The central question of this chapter is how selection for same-tracking a target occurs, what kinds of selection mechanisms are involved. Certain inborn mechanisms and mechanisms derived from prior learning can determine how experience sets some targets for new unitrackers. An animal’s native reward system can also furnish targets for new procedural unitrackers. New kinds of substance and attribute unitrackers can also be tested through a kind of coherence. The laws of identity and noncontradiction work together as a confirming signal and an error signal during the development of substance and attribute unicepts, local coherence indicating distal correspondence.

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15

Millikan, Ruth Garrett. Functions of Same-Tracking. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717195.003.0004.

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There are non-uniceptual same-tracking mechanisms, mechanisms that same-track not in order to implement storage of information about their targets, but merely as an aid to the identification of further things. Examples are the various mechanisms of perceptual constancy, self-relative location trackers, object-constancy mechanisms, and same-trackers for real categories. There are also several kinds of unicepts, hence, of unitrackers, procedural, substantive, attributive. What begins as a non-uniceptual same-tracker might or might not be redeployed to serve also as a procedural unitracker, or a procedural unitracker might be redeployed to serve also as a substance unitracker or an attribute unitracker. This is possible because the difference between affordances, substances, and attributes is not a basic ontological distinction but is relative to cognitive use.

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16

Loporcaro, Michele. Romance gender systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199656547.003.0004.

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After showing that, for purposes of reconstruction, the dataset must be limited to non-creolized Romance varieties, the chapter discusses the notion ‘remnants of the neuter’, showing that this label covers disparate things, and that what is in focus here is morphosyntactically functional remnants, i.e. traces of a third (controller and/or target) gender. These are then inventoried, showing that almost all Romance languages preserve a third series of targets (in pronouns) for agreement with non-nominal controllers, and Sursilvan has this also on predicative adjectives. Furthermore, Romanian and many Italo-Romance dialects still have a third controller gender, and a subset of the latter even has an additional target gender, with dedicated agreement forms for either (in just one Calabrian dialect) the neuter plural or (in most dialects between the Roma–Ancona line and a line crossing central Puglia and northern Lucania) a neuter hosting just mass nouns (and hence, only singular).

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17

Saving Tracker - If You Heard the Shot You Were Never the Target (on Back). Independently Published, 2021.

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18

Bermeo, Sarah Blodgett. Targeted Development in Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851828.003.0002.

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This chapter places the concept of targeted development in historical context, starting with an overview of the time immediately following the end of World War II. Interestingly, the logic for targeted development today has much in common with the decision to target development resources to Europe, rather than the developing world, in the second half of the 1940s. As the Cold War unfolded and the strategy of containment took hold, the chapter demonstrates how development promotion was sidelined in favor of a more direct approach to pursuing geopolitical goals in developing countries. The chapter then traces the rise of interconnections between industrialized and developing countries since the end of the Cold War and the impact of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks for focusing attention on spillovers associated with underdevelopment.

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19

Adventure, Funny. Shooting Log Book: Shooting Data Record Logbook Range Shooting Tracker with Target Diagrams, Shooting Data for Shooters. Independently Published, 2021.

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20

Hayward, Melissa Melissa. Become a Target: Personal Expense Tracker, Journal, Diary, Dimension 5. 5 X 8. 5 Inches, Soft Matte Cover. Independently Published, 2020.

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21

Printables, W. F. Shooting Logbook Marksman Journal: Journal, Chart, Tracker, Record Book for Target and Training, Shooting Data, Equipment Reminder, and More. Independently Published, 2022.

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22

If You Heard the Shot You Were Never the Target Body Progress Tracker: Size 6 X 9 , 114 Pages. Independently Published, 2021.

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23

Lovers, A. M. Shooting. Shooting Log Book: Journal, Chart, Tracker, Record Book to Record Your Target and Training, Shooting Data, Observation Gift ... Shooting Lovers,. Independently Published, 2021.

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Bezhashvili, Saba. Fitness Journal and Workout Planner: Hit the Target, Gym Notebook, Workout Tracker, Exercise Log Book, Day Planner for Men and Women. Independently Published, 2021.

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25

Black, Shari. Homeschool Planner - Planner * Organiser * Tracker: 12-Month Undated Planner for Homeschooling Families, Featuring Yearly, Monthly and Weekly Diary Views, Target Tracker and Space to Record School Lists, Goals, Reminders and More. Independently Published, 2021.

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26

Books, Teaching. Teachers Planner 2021/22 - Primary School: Teachers Planner - UK Style Planner, Lesson Plans, Term Plans, Appraisal Targets, Smart Targets, Seating Plans, Assessment Tracker, Ability Groups, Student Teacher, Cover Supervisor, Supply. Independently Published, 2021.

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27

Press, Black. Shooting Log Book for Beginners and Professionals: Shooters Data Book to Record and Tracker Your Target and Firearms Training for Tactical Marksman Markswoman. Independently Published, 2022.

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28

Journals, Giant. Shooting Log Book: Journal, Chart, Tracker, Record Book to Record Your Target and Training, Shooting Data, Equipment Reminder and More, Observation Gift ... Shooting Lovers. Independently Published, 2021.

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29

Books, Holly. Shooting Log Book: Record Target Shooting Data and Improve Your Skills and Precision, Long Range Shooting Data Book, Shooting Log Book Tracker, Sport Shooting Record Logbook. Independently Published, 2020.

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30

Shooting Log Book for Beginners and Professionals: Shooters Data Book to Record and Tracker Your Diagrams Target and Firearms Training for Tactical Marksman - Black Cover Design. Independently Published, 2022.

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31

Press, Black. Shooting Log Book for Beginners and Professionals: Shooters Data Book to Record and Tracker Your Target and Firearms Training for Tactical Marksman Markswoman - Black Cover Design. Independently Published, 2022.

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32

Ibata-Arens, Kathryn C. Beyond Technonationalism. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503605473.001.0001.

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What explains the rapid and sustained economic rise of Asian countries in high-technology industries, including biomedicals? The biomedical industry, comprised mainly of biopharmaceuticals and medical devices, is among the fastest growing globally and has been an economic-development target of national governments around the world. The book presents a conceptual framework to assess national government management of innovation and entrepreneurship in the fast-growing biomedical industry in Asia, which at current growth rates is on track to become the center of the world economy. Four Asian countries—China, India, Japan, and Singapore—are compared in terms of innovation capacities, government policy, and firm-level strategies underlying competitive advantages in high technology. The book argues that countries that pursue networked technonationalism have been effective in upgrading innovation capacity and also encouraging entrepreneurial activity in targeted industries. The study begins with a global-level analysis of biomedical innovation and entrepreneurship, identifying emerging concentrations of scientific citation, patenting, and firm creation—paying close attention to trends in Asian economies and future prospects. Findings indicate a gradual shift to Asian economies of many biomedical-innovation and new-business-creation activities. The book concludes with implications for innovation policy and entrepreneurship strategy in Asia and elsewhere.

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33

Press, Black. Shooting Log Book for Beginners and Professionals: Shooters Data Book to Record and Tracker Your Diagrams Target and Firearms Training for Tactical Marksman Markswoman - Black Cover Design. Independently Published, 2022.

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34

Shooting Log Book for Beginners and Professionals: Shooters Data Book to Record and Tracker Your Diagrams Target and Firearms Training for Tactical Marksman Markswoman - Black Vintage Cover Design. Independently Published, 2022.

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35

Journals, Powertowomen Books and. She Shoots Shooting Log Book Tracker for the Angry Mom: Shooting Women's Firearm Practice and Tracking Log Book for Indoor/outdoor/range Shooting Targets. Independently Published, 2020.

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36

Acquisition, tracking, and pointing VIII: 5-8 April 1994, Orlando, Florida. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering, 1994.

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37

Masten, michael K., i Larry A. Stockum. Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing VIII: 5-8 April 1994 Orlando, Florida (Proceedings of S P I E). Society of Photo Optical, 1994.

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38

Whitmarsh, Tim. How to Write Anti-Roman History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190649890.003.0014.

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In this chapter, Tim Whitmarsh reconstructs an example of a type of history writing—accounts with a pronounced anti-Roman bias—that has left only exiguous traces in the extant collection of ancient textual sources. Whitmarsh traces this oppositional history by scrutinizing the several categories of professed opponents whom Dionysius of Halicarnassus ventriloquizes. Whitmarsh tentatively identifies Metrodorus of Scepsis as a likely target of Dionysius’ critiques and then reverse engineers Metrodorus’ arguments, drawing also on criticisms that Plutarch appears to have directed at Metrodorus. Whitmarsh finds, in the arguments he excavates from Metrodorus’ opponents, an anti-providential idea of random historical “swerves” that served to undercut Roman claims to greatness. He concludes by lamenting the loss of Metrodorus’ work, arguing that it would have provided not just a counterweight to the heavily pro-Roman emphasis in extant Greek historiography, but also an example of an entirely different philosophical underpinning.

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Loporcaro, Michele. The older stages of the Romance languages. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199656547.003.0006.

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The chapter explores the earliest attested stages of the different Romance branches, elaborating on the picture which has emerged in Chapter 4 and showing that the traces of more-than-binary gender contrasts grow increasingly significant, and geographically widespread, as one proceeds backwards in time. Thus, even Northern Italo-Romance and Gallo-Romance, which have no traces of a functional neuter today, still featured in their medieval stage not only a non-lexical neuter adjective inflection for default/agreement with non-lexical controllers (Gallo-Romance), but neuter agreement on (overdifferentiated) lower numerals (Italo-Romance), and scattered remnants of neuter plural agreement on determiners. The latter gradually increase as one moves to Tuscan, Romansh, and, finally, Southern Italian, where the four-gender system is still observed today, with Old Neapolitan even showing a four-target/four-controller gender system, with the two genders in addition to masculine and feminine both going back to the Latin neuter.

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Mitchell, Koritha. The Black Lawyer. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036491.003.0005.

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This chapter traces the shift in the community conversation from an emphasis on black soldiers who return from fighting overseas and must be defended by white attorneys to the increasing visibility of black lawyers. Crisis magazine coverage notes this shift, and lynching dramas similarly identify the black attorney as a figure embodying the race's faith in truth and justice. The mob's target in A Sunday Morning in the South (of which author Georgia Douglas Johnson wrote white-church and black-church versions) aspires to be a lawyer. In For Unborn Children by Myrtle Smith Livingston, the mob's victim is already an attorney. Placing a spotlight on these men, the scripts preserve community perspectives that are rejected by courts of law and the court of public opinion.

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41

Feigenblatt, Hazel. Governance Indicators and the Broken Feedback Loop. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817062.003.0010.

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This chapter presents an overview of the role of communications in governance indicators and discusses challenges to understanding whether, how, and why their intended audiences use or fail to use rankings, indices, and related data. These include long-standing challenges associated with ensuring that information meets the needs of different target audiences, engaging with traditional media, and using rankings to present indicators. As new technologies have changed information flows and dynamics, new challenges have emerged, including echo chambers and data graveyards. The chapter shows a broken feedback loop between governance indicator creators and their intended users that can be traced to the understanding of communications as an accessory activity, without integrating user research and frank self-assessments into the indicator creation cycle. More research should be conducted about the extent to which the current offer of indicators is meeting users’ needs and the extent to which underlying theories of change remain valid.

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42

Lopes, Dominic McIver. Endless to Dispute. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827214.003.0010.

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Many philosophers take it to be a central datum in theorizing about aesthetic value that there is something special about aesthetic disputes, which points the way to a correct semantics for aesthetic discourse. Five facts about aesthetic discourse need to be explained: aesthetic disputes are disagreements, they are faultless, they track social boundaries, they principally target properties of items and secondarily traits of judges, and they persist. The chapter argues that a contextualist semantics better fits the facts than does a relativist semantics. The network theory predicts a contextualist semantics: the main point of aesthetic disputes is for agents to coordinate on which aesthetic practice they are participating in. Sometimes, in doing so, they change the practice.

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43

Junior, Mark Bowman. Swimming Training Log Book. Personal Journal of Swim Workout Tracker for Swimmer: Record Practice of Swimming Styles to Improve Skill and Achieve Target. Practical Gift Idea for Swimming Sport Athlete or Coach. Independently Published, 2020.

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44

Kastoryano, Riva. Burying Jihadis. Tłumacz Cynthia Schoch. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889128.001.0001.

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What should states do with the bodies of suicide bombers and other jihadists who die while perpetrating terrorist attacks? This original and unsettling book explores the host of ethical and political questions raised by this dilemma, from (non-)legitimization of the "enemy" and their cause to the non-territorial identity of individuals who identified in life with a global community of believers. Because states do not recognize suicide bombers as enemy combatants, governments must decide individually what to do with their remains. Riva Kastoryano offers a window onto this challenging predicament through the responses of the American, Spanish, British and French governments after the Al-Qaeda suicide attacks in New York, Madrid and London, and Islamic State's attacks on Paris in 2015. Interviewing officials, religious and local leaders and jihadists' families, both in their countries of origin and in the target nations, she has traced the terrorists' travel history, discovering unexpected connections between their itineraries and the handling of their burials. This fascinating book reveals how states' approaches to a seemingly practical issue are closely shaped by territory, culture, globalization and identity.

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Pfeiffer, Douglas S. Authorial Personality and the Making of Renaissance Texts. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714163.001.0001.

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How did we first come to believe in a correspondence between writers’ lives and their works? When did the person of the author—both as context and target of textual interpretation—come to matter so much to the way we read? This book traces the development of author centrism back to the scholarship of early Renaissance humanists. Working against allegoresis and other traditions of non-historicizing textual reception, they discovered the power of engaging ancient works through the speculative reconstruction of writers’ personalities and artistic motives. To trace the multi-lingual and eventually cross-cultural rise of reading for the author, this book presents four case studies of resolutely experimental texts by and about writers of high ambition in their respective generations: Lorenzo Valla on the forger of the Donation of Constantine, Erasmus on Saint Jerome, the poet George Gascoigne on himself, and Fulke Greville on Sir Philip Sidney. An opening methodological chapter and exhortative conclusion frame these four studies with accounts of the central lexicon—character, intention, ethos, persona—and the range of genre evidence that contemporaries used to discern and articulate authorial character and purpose. As constellated throughout with examples from the works of major contemporaries including John Aubrey, John Hayward, Galileo, Machiavelli, and Shakespeare, The Force of Character resurrects a vibrant culture of biographism continuous with modern popular practice and yet radically more nuanced in its strategic reliance on the explanatory power of probabilism and historical conjecture—the discursive middle ground now obscured from view by the post-Enlightenment binaries of truth and fiction, history and story, fact and fable.

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46

Ghalehdar, Payam. The Origins of Overthrow. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695859.001.0001.

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Why has regime change figured so recurrently in US foreign policy? Between 1906 and 2011, the United States forcibly intervened in at least sixteen states, targeting their domestic political authority structure. Accounts thus far in International Relations scholarship fail to provide sound explanations for this pattern. Their premise that the United States seeks national security, economic benefits, or democracy in the target state is put into doubt by studies that demonstrate the limited success of most US regime change interventions. Focusing on the emotional state of US presidents, this book presents a novel explanation for the recurrence of forcible regime change in US foreign policy. It argues that regime change becomes an attractive foreign policy tool to US presidents when emotional frustration grips them. Emotional frustration, the book’s core concept, is an emotional state that comprises hegemonic expectations, perceptions of hatred in target state obstructions, and negative affect. Once instigated, it shapes both presidential preferences and strategies, carrying with it both a desire for removing foreign leaders as the perceived source of frustration and a turn to military aggression. Based on a wealth of declassified government sources, the empirical part of the book illustrates how emotional frustration has time and again shaped US regime change decisions. Spanning two world regions—the Western Hemisphere and the Middle East—and roughly one hundred years of US foreign policy, the book traces the emotional state of US presidents in five regime change episodes—Cuba 1906, Nicaragua 1909–1912, the Dominican Republic 1963–1965, Iran 1979–1980, and Iraq 2001–2003.

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47

Kibler, M. Alison. Women at Play in Popular Culture. Redaktorzy Ellen Hartigan-O'Connor i Lisa G. Materson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190222628.013.24.

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The story of women’s participation in popular culture is more complex than the struggle to be included. Feminist activists have fought for legislation to end discrimination in leisure, sports, and popular culture. At the same time, advertisers have coopted feminism to sell a variety of products as symbols of emancipation for women, substituting purchasing power for political power. Gaining visibility in the media and as target audiences, and breaking into male spheres have not been the end of these feminist struggles; rather, women who gained opportunities in sport and leisure were often stereotyped as “mannish” or cast in reassuring feminine roles—beauty icons or heterosexual romantic heroines. It is important to trace women’s pathbreaking roles as spectators, fans, performers, and athletes as well as show how sport and popular culture are fundamentally gendered.

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48

Allen, William. 8. Satire. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199665457.003.0008.

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‘Satire’ traces the development of Roman satire from Lucilius in the 2nd century bc to Juvenal in the early 2nd century ad, showing how the targets of satire, and the personae adopted to attack them, reflect changing social and political contexts in republican and imperial Rome. It also considers how the narrative of decline, so popular in Roman thinking, contributes to the satirists' themes, and examines to what extent their criticisms of Roman society and literature reinforce cultural norms or challenge them. Roman satire ranged from erudite literary parody to the most vulgar abuse, but it is thanks to Juvenal that satire is seen as above all political, angry, and funny.

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Brown, Kate Pride. State Suppression of Baikal Activism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190660949.003.0007.

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In 2012, the Russian Federation passed the “Foreign Agent” law, requiring nonprofit organizations that receive funding from abroad and engage in political activity to register with the government as a “foreign agent.” This chapter traces the enactment of this law in the Baikal community. Only one organization fell victim to the law: Baikal Environmental Wave. The Wave was one of Siberia’s oldest environmental organizations and was the most committed to environmental advocacy. It was no stranger to state persecution, but this law rendered it incapable of operating and it finally shut down. The Foreign Agent law represents a new form of dominating the field of power. Unlike the Soviet government, which outlawed all independent activity, the Putin government practices “legal nihilism,” using the law only to target strategic opponents. Civil society may be independent and thrive, but it cannot threaten the state without grave consequences.

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50

Draper, Nora A., i Joseph Turow. Audience Constructions, Reputations, and Emerging Media Technologies. Redaktorzy Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford i Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.68.

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This chapter traces how changes in media and surveillance technologies have influenced the strategies producers have for constructing audiences. The largely unregulated practices of information gathering that inform the measurement and evaluation of audiences have consequences for how individuals are viewed by media producers and, consequently, for how they view themselves. Recent technological advances have increased the specificity with which advertisers target audiences—moving from the classification of audience groups based on shared characteristics to the personalization of commercial media content for individuals. To assist in the personalization of content, media producers and advertisers use interactive technologies to enlist individuals in the construction of their own consumer reputations. Industry discourse frames the resulting personalization as empowering for individuals who are given a hand in crafting their media universe; however, these strategies are more likely to create further disparity among those who media institutions do and do not view as valuable.

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