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1
Lynn, Madeleine Frankel. "The development and impact of foreign tourism in China and Thailand". Thesis, [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13641372.
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Howard, Paul Jason, i n/a. "Tourism Development in Ethnic Areas of Southern China". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070208.154629.
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The development of tourism may catalyse a vast array of impacts, social, cultural, socioeconomic, environmental or political. In ethnic minority communities and regions, impacts are potentially greater due to the pre-existing social, cultural and even sociopolitical constructs. Tourism, as a global phenomenon, is confined to operating within the local context. This is certainly the case in ethnic minority communities of China's southern peripheries. Tourism development is a differential process of formal and informal sector development. Formal sector development is generally capital intensive and relatively highly organised. In contrast, the informal sector involves many small vendors and family or community run businesses. The sectoral dichotomy may also be applied, in a general sense, to the types of tourists utilizing accommodation and services provided by these two distinct sectors. As the balance between the two sectors changes over time and across space, there is a commensurate shift in the type and scale of impacts generated by tourism in host communities. It is this that makes the sectoral paradigm so relevant to the role (or indeed lack of role) of ethnic minorities in tourism development in their local areas and communities. Apart from economic impacts, there are sociocultural and even socioenvironmental impacts on host communities. As with socioeconomic impacts, sociocultural impacts are also influenced by the differential development of the formal and informal sectors over time. Furthermore, particularly in ethnic minority areas, socioeconomic and sociocultural impacts are tightly integrated and one impact realm cannot adequately be considered in isolation.
3
Howard, Paul Jason. "Tourism Development in Ethnic Areas of Southern China". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366894.
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The development of tourism may catalyse a vast array of impacts, social, cultural, socioeconomic, environmental or political. In ethnic minority communities and regions, impacts are potentially greater due to the pre-existing social, cultural and even sociopolitical constructs. Tourism, as a global phenomenon, is confined to operating within the local context. This is certainly the case in ethnic minority communities of China's southern peripheries. Tourism development is a differential process of formal and informal sector development. Formal sector development is generally capital intensive and relatively highly organised. In contrast, the informal sector involves many small vendors and family or community run businesses. The sectoral dichotomy may also be applied, in a general sense, to the types of tourists utilizing accommodation and services provided by these two distinct sectors. As the balance between the two sectors changes over time and across space, there is a commensurate shift in the type and scale of impacts generated by tourism in host communities. It is this that makes the sectoral paradigm so relevant to the role (or indeed lack of role) of ethnic minorities in tourism development in their local areas and communities. Apart from economic impacts, there are sociocultural and even socioenvironmental impacts on host communities. As with socioeconomic impacts, sociocultural impacts are also influenced by the differential development of the formal and informal sectors over time. Furthermore, particularly in ethnic minority areas, socioeconomic and sociocultural impacts are tightly integrated and one impact realm cannot adequately be considered in isolation.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
Full Text
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Ng, Tsui-shan, i 吳翠珊. "Tourism development in China under the "Go West" strategy". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29810218.
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Feng, Xianghong. "Economic and socio-cultural impacts of tourism development in Fenghuang County, China". Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/x_feng_062608.pdf.
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Cheng, Ying, i 鄭盈. "Tourism development in Hong Kong and Macau under the impact of Pearl River Delta development: a comparative studyenvironmental impact assessment in China and Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29777562.
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林斯琪 i Sze-ki Lam. "The development of real estate tourism: the case of Shenzhen". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B27025512.
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Chow, Chi-wai Karen, i 周芷蕙. "The potential for eco-tourism development in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255838.
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Wang, Shuangzi, i 王双子. "Development of sustainable cultural heritage tourism in China : a comparative study of ancient towns in Lijiang and Chengdu". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195106.
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The development of cultural heritage tourism has become a world-wide issue recent years. There is increasing pressure between cultural heritage conservation and tourism industry growth, however, the sustainable integration of cultural heritage and tourism can results in positive and synergistic effect on the whole system. Thus the research on sustainable development of cultural heritage tourism is increasing significant in a global scale. China is the typical country that facing the dilemma of pursuing tourism industry growth and cultural heritage protection, an integrated framework that can guide the cultural heritage tourism towards sustainability is necessary and urgent at present.
Lijiang Old Town in Lijiang and China’s Lane in Chengdu are used as comparative case study. Aspects related to sustainable cultural heritage tourism development are examined and evaluated according to the conceptual framework, including heritage conservation performance such as resource integrity, cultural authenticity, publicity and education; tourism industry performance such as economic growth, marketing and branding strategies, tourist satisfaction; mechanism performance such as policy support, stakeholder cooperation, assessment and monitoring mechanism, etc. It is found out that China’s Lane has a better performance than Lijiang Old Town due to its government-guide development mode and right segregation system. While it is also found that the cultural authenticity is decreasing both in Lijiang Old Town and China’s Lane largely due to the displacement of indigenous population and the disruption of local community network.
It is concluded that the role of government should shift from dominance to guidance, right segregation management mode should be promoted and effective and comprehensive assessment and monitoring mechanism should be established regarding the development of cultural heritage tourism in China. Moreover, cultural authenticity and local community network as the core of cultural heritage conservation should be highly valued by various sectors in the society, since they are the basic and essence to ensure long-term development of cultural heritage tourism towards sustainability.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
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Ng, King-man, i 吳敬文. "Planning sustainable tourism in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260044.
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Mak, Lui Ming Barry. "The politics of tourism development in the People's Republic of China". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21414.
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This study aims to develop a holistic view of the politics of tourism development in China. It examines how political ideology intertwines with tourism development and the same time identifies factors which are relevant to the issue. From the political science point of view, international tourism may be regarded as part of foreign affairs. This study adopted the case study approach linked to a chronological framework. China's tourism industry has been transformed from a political activity to an economic activity. In Mao Zedong era (1949-1976), international tourism was virtually non-existent. The phenomenon was a result of both internal factors, including the dominant role of dogmatic socialist ideology, and external factors, such as the Cold War. China's rapid development in tourism since 1978 was under the pragmatic leadership of Deng Xiaoping. With the shifts of internal and external environments, China's tourism industry and development is now based on market-driven policy instead of ideological-driven policy. The development of international tourism in China is the evolution of development theories from underdevelopment theory to modernisation theory and now globalisation theory. Based on the findings of this study, an explanatory framework was formulated by incorporating factors including perspective on the external and internal environments, and economic and tourism issues. The future of China's tourism seems to be a movement from the socialist market economy model to a more capitalistic model.
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Li, Jia. "Impact of tourism development on the Wolong Nature Reserve, China : perceptions of tourists and local residents". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1006.
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葉斌緯 i Pan-wai Ip. "The role of heritage conservation in enhancing tourism development in Stanley". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558678.
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Chan, Fung-lin, i 陳鳳蓮. "Tourism in Shenzhen: an evaluation of its dynamic development and its socio-economic significance". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953372.
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Chan, Lai-cheung Alvin, i 陳禮璋. "Land use planning for the promotion of tourism development of Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260470.
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Fung, Sze-kiu Cynthia, i 馮詩喬. "The implications of tourism development on land use planning in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259911.
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Chan, Hoi-ying Arlene, i 陳凱盈. "Community planning for sustainable tourism in Hong Kong: case study : Tai O fishing village". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261012.
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Li, Tingting, i 李亭亭. "Challenges for joint-venture travel companies in the new phase of China's tourism development: a case study ofctrip". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4154853X.
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Cui, Yakun, i 崔亞坤. "Developing sustainable cultural and heritage tourism in transitional China: a case study of Beijing". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015740.
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Ho, Chun-on, i 何振安. "The impact of Hong Kong Disneyland on the sustainable development of Hong Kong's tourism industry". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3660186X.
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Li, Li. "The role of tourism in regional development : a case study of Yunnan China". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21746.
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Tourism in China has been experiencing rapid growth since 1978 with aggressive implementation of a more liberal economic policy and opening up to the outside world, patricularly in the underdeveloped western region of China. Although tourism growth is a significant factor in China's continuing economic prosperity, which has been advocated by numerous scholars and international organisations, the role of tourism in regional development is still up for debate. The widening gaps between urban and rural areas, and the imbalance in development between the eastern region and western region in China, are continuing concerns. This study seeks to contribute empirically to this debate by exploring the role of tourism development in the regional development strategy in China. This study intends to capture evidence of tourism development in Yunnan Province, situated in Southwest China by assessing the establishment of tourism as a major industry for regional development and identifying the influence of tourism development on the process of regional development and modernisation. The case study as a methodological approach has been implemented for this purpose. The author undertook systematic reviews of reports, archival records and journals from a wide variety of sources on Yunnan tourism development. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with local government officials, enterprises managers and academicians in Yunnan Province. Tourism in Yunnan has been recognised as a pillar industry for its rich tourism resources and regional conditions providing a comparative advantage in relation to development. This study addresses the guidance role of local government and the formulation of special policies at the regional level for supporting tourism as a pillar industry. This evidence primarily suggests that tourism can play a stimulating and enhancing role in underdeveloped areas where development is needed as part of the process of modernisation. This study concludes by supporting the contention that tourism has made a substantial contribution to development in Yunnan.
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Ge, Yujing. "Adoption of a Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) in a Municipal Area: a Case Study in Suzhou, China". Thesis, online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MR34306.
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林正忠 i Ching-chung Jose Lam. "Tourism development and the planning implication in the Pearl River Delta region". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4257478X.
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Lo, Lap-bong Raymond, i 盧立邦. "Opportunities and constraints of heritage tourism development in Hong Kong: a case study of Kam Tin". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B27791130.
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黎子勤 i Tsz-kan Kan Lai. "Role of the transportation system in tourism development: a case study of Lantau Island". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576611.
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Lin, Bin. "A study of the development of partner relationships associated with the chinese travel trade to South Africa". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/414.
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The Chinese inbound tourism market to SA has been acknowledged as an emerging market. However, South African tour operators experience difficulties in establishing and developing viable partner relationships with Chinese travel agents. Recognizing the size, importance and complexity of this market, the major purpose of this research is to explore and investigate the crucial process of developing Sino-South African partnership relationships in the tourism industry, to facilitate the establishment of business relationships with Chinese travel agents. This study is draws on applied marketing, management and cross-cultural theories on networking to explore the process of developing partnership relationships in the Chinese inbound tourism market to SA. The literature on networking, the development of networking relationships, and the effect of guanxi (connection), a key feature of Chinese business networking on partnership relations are reviewed. Given the limited research conducted on this topic and its cross-country nature, a quantitative research method was adopted for this study. Specifically, this study utilized e-mail survey techniques to explore the relationships between South African inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents. This study identifies that the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and South African inbound tour operators is culturally embedded. They are giving rise to communication problems that affect partnership relationships. A new stage model of the development of partnership relationships between South African inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents is therefore developed. In particular, the study identifies important factors in the process of developing business relationships. For example, mutual commitment, the pricing issue, word-of-mouth, and quality of services are all considered crucial in attaining long-term stable partnership relationships. Guanxi plays a significant, but not decisive role in the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and South African inbound tour operators. However, guanxi relationships can provide added value to the partnership relationships.
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Xu, Ming. "Les interactions entre le tourisme et le développement durable à la lumière de l’analyse des guides touristiques. : Etude de cas en Chine". Thesis, Corte, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CORT0004/document.
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Le tourisme est un secteur économique en plein développement et tend à intégrer, dans ses stratégies, la durabilité des sites. Le développement durable, visant l’amélioration de la qualité de vie de tous sans provoquer de résultats écologiques et socioculturels indésirables, pénètre peu à peu les sites touristiques. Or, les visites touristiques font intervenir un acteur clé, le guide touristique. Personne assurant le contact entre l’offre et la demande, il occupe une fonction essentielle pour assurer l’avancée du tourisme dans une direction durable. Face à l’absence de recherche en ce domaine, nous avons choisi d’axer la nôtre sur cette problématique, à travers une étude de cas en Chine. Trois objectifs de recherche ont alors été identifiés : comprendre le développement durable et les relations que celui-ci noue avec le tourisme ; explorer les rôles et les responsabilités des guides touristiques et leurs implications dans la promotion de la durabilité ; examiner les raisons pour lesquelles les guides touristiques exercent concrètement leurs fonctions en vue de soutenir le développement du tourisme durable. Suite à la revue de littérature et à l’application de la triangulation des méthodes dans cette thèse - les entretiens, l’observation participante et l’enquête par questionnaire -, nous recommandons d’orienter les pratiques de l’industrie touristique vers un développement sain et durable, en les hiérarchisant : 1) Perfectionner la certification, améliorer la formation, accroître le contrôle des guides touristiques ; 2) Promouvoir les fonctions de la Guilde des guides touristiques ; 3) Améliorer les conditions de travail des guides et renforcer l’éducation au développement durable auprès de tous les acteurs de cette industrieTourism is a booming economic sector that tends to incorporate the sustainable sites into its strategies. Sustainable development, which in the strategy to improve the quality of life for all without causing adverse environmental and socio-cultural outcome, gradually come into sight. However, the tour guide plays a key role in the tourism industry. As a person who assures the contact between supply and demand, it has an essential function for the advancement of tourism in a sustainable direction. Given the absence of research in this area, we chose to focus ours on this issue based on a case study in China. Three research objectives were then identified: Understanding Sustainable Development and the relationships with tourism; exploring the roles and responsibilities of tour guides and their involvement in promoting sustainability; examining why the tour guides actually exercise their functions in order to support the development of sustainable tourism. After the literature review and application of triangulation methods in this thesis - interviews, participant observation and questionnaire survey -, we recommend to orient the practices in the tourism industry towards a healthy and sustainable development in a hierarchical structure: (1) Ameliorate the certification, optimize the training program, strengthen the control of tourist guides; (2) Promote the functions of the Guild of tour guides; (3) Improve the working conditions of guides and reinforce the education for sustainable development in this industry
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Chow, Wan-chi, i 周韻芝. "Lessons learnt from the past: exercising transport planning to further boost tourism development on LantauIsland". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014012.
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Shen, Shiwei. "Les vieux villages chinois : évolution, patrimonialisation et mise en tourisme". Thesis, Angers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ANGE0026/document.
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La Chine traditionnelle était une société fortement agricole dans laquelle la plupart du peuple habitait les villages. Ceux-ci, constituant chacun un monde en soi, montraient une grande diversité sous différents aspects. Les caractéristiques de la Chine rurale résident surtout dans les vieux villages. Et la répartition des agglomérations en Chine que l'on voit aujourd'hui résulte d'une évolution trimillénaire. Si la notion de patrimoine est très ancienne en Chine, celle de sauvegarde de patrimoine, patrimoine bâti en particulier, est beaucoup plus récente. Concernant la protection des agglomérations, les actions d'Etat ne sont qu'une réalité de trois décennies, visant d'abord les "Villes célèbres" (1982), ensuite les "Quartiers historiques" (1986), et enfin les "Bourgs et Villages célèbres" (2002). Accentuée par les multiples classements aux différents échelons administratifs, la protection des vieux villages en Chine connaît une série de paradoxes et reste une mission lourde et longue. Malgré les reproches entendus, la mise en tourisme peut être un choix et assurer les moyens de la protection des vieux villages. Le cas de Xidi montre un double processus de patrimonialisation et de mise en tourisme débutant au milieu des années 1980. Marquée par la gestion d'une entreprise de propriété collective, à l'initiative des élites du village et sous le pilotage de ceux-ci, la mise en tourisme de Xidi change profondément le village. Elle témoigne du développement d'une diversité de conflits entre les différents acteurs sur place. Ceux-ci, ajoutés à d'autres crises, mène le modèle de Xidi à sa fin au bout de 27 ans de pratique. Cependant, la "réforme" imposée par les gouvernements locaux n'arrive pas à calmer le village et les controverses autour de la protection et la mise en tourisme de Xidi comme de beaucoup d'autres vieux villages chinois restent vives et nombreusesTraditional China was a highly agricultural society where the majority of people lived in villages. Each village constituted a miniature world, which showed great diversity at all levels. All the characteristics of rural China mainly remained in ancient villages. The settlement distribution structure, as we see today, is the product of continuous evolution in three thousands years. The concept of heritage appeared in China in early times. But heritage protection, in particular, the concept of architectural heritage protection in China was more closed to now. As for settlement protection, history of action from government could be merely traced back to three decades. These actions first of all came out for " Famous Cities" (1982), and then for "Historical Blocks" (1986) and finally for "Famous Town and Village" (2002). The protection of ancient villages in China focused on the lists published with different names and levels, facing a series of paradoxes and with long way to go. Despite enormous criticism, tourism utilization is still one of the alternatives in the protection of ancient villages. The case of Xidi showed the double process of heritage and tourism development, which started in the Mid-1980s. Under the advocation and leadership of local village elites, Xidi tourism development implemented the management of collective ownership enterprise. The entire development witnessed the profound changes in the village and various conflicts among different actors. All sorts of conflicts and crisis accompanying eventually lead to the end of Xidi mode after 27 years practice. Xidi, however, has not been in peace due to the reform imposed by the local government, there still has been intense and widespread controversy surrounding Xidi as well as many other Chinese ancient villages
30
Ma, Mulan [Verfasser]. "Tourism area development from an evolutionary economic geography perspective - The case of Guilin, China / Mulan Ma". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038694809/34.
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何偉源 i Wai-yuen Franky Ho. "The role of transport system in destination development: an assessment of transport system in relation tointernational tourists' demand in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260822.
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Chaplin, Robert Ian Chaplin, i ianchaplin@gmail com. "The Impact of Contemporary Tourism Development on Colonial Built Heritage: Case Study of the Portuguese Legacy in Macau, China". Flinders University. School of Cultural Tourism, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080228.234110.
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The hypothesis put forward in this thesis is that tourism can be the agent for the sustainable conservation and development of the valuable legacy of colonial built heritage by capitalizing on its tangible and intangible assets. The key variable is the recognition of the intrinsic value of both iconic and non-iconic properties and sites that constitute the extrinsic value of the cultural attractions of the tourism destination. The research problem is concerned with assessing the impact of contemporary tourism development on these attractions and identifying the issues affecting preservation and realization of asset potential. The research aims to support the collaboration between tourism professionals and cultural heritage stakeholders committed to resolving issues and problems for the destination identified within the stages of the tourism destination's life cycle of evolution (Butler, 1980).
33
Costa, Lucia de Fatima Araujo Rosa da. "The potential impact of the macau international airport on Macau's tourism activity in the context of regional development in South China". Thesis, University of Macau, 1995. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636710.
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Hoshiko, Carol Ann. "The Influence of Power Distance on CSR Programs in Hainan China". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1706.
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As China emerges as one of the world's top 5 economies, it attracts more multinational corporations (MNCs) that want to expand there and implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. Despite this emergence, since China entered the World Trade Organization, it has not perceived or welcomed MNCs in the same manner as in the 1970s to 1990s. Further, MNCs have had challenges adapting Western-style CSR programs in China's local communities. There is no widely-accepted multidisciplinary theory that integrates CSR, organizational culture, and culture. Hofstede's theory of cultural relativism classified China as a high power distance country where the population has a strong acceptance of large social differences. The purpose of this case study was to discover the extent to which Hofstede's cultural dimension of power distance impacts MNC CSR programs offered in Hainan, China. Five MNC executives and 1 government sector representative were interviewed, and were reviewed in 5 organizations in Hainan, China. Cross case analyses showed that CSR programs were mutually accepted by the local communities and government. Some local community members, however, did not passively accept what those in higher socioeconomic positions believed about the efficacy and need for CSR programs. Rather, local community and government appeared to collaborate, regardless of the government leaders, who are perceived to have more power and influence. These results can inform policy makers, MNCs, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations about cultural relativity and its impact on MNCs doing business in foreign communities
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Shen, Fujun. "Tourism and the sustainable livelihoods approach : application within the Chinese context : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University /". Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1403.
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Tourism has been increasingly used for, and directly linked with, rural poverty reduction in developing countries. In recent years, it has, however, been criticised by rural developers for its lack of concern for the rural poor and for being too increasingly focused on tourism specifically. Instead, it is argued that these inadequacies can be addressed by the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA), a widely used organising framework for facilitating poverty reduction. But the application, and to an extent the principles, of the SLA may not fully fit the tourism situation, and vice versa. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding about the relationship between the SLA and tourism needs to be explored. This thesis incorporates a review of the literature on rural and tourism development. Gaps between the SLA and tourism are identified. It is suggested that the SLA cannot fully address the issues when tourism is used as a rural livelihood strategy. New knowledge and thinking are needed. Based on the literature review, a Sustainable Livelihoods Framework for Tourism (SLFT) is proposed as a guiding tool in rural development when tourism is a livelihood strategy. For testing the applicability of the SLFT, a mixed methodology and case study research method was adopted. Three mountainous rural villages, respectively at involvement, development and rejuvenation Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) stages, in central China, were examined. Before implementation of the case study, SLFT indicators were firstly developed. Findings show that the SLFT provides an overall organising framework for the consideration of rural development using tourism as a livelihood strategy at all stages of TALC. Revisiting the SLFT, it is argued that an additional attraction capital should be added to the SLFT. Attraction capital includes natural, cultural, and other attractions, and is defined as all resources used to attract tourist arrivals from which local people benefit for better livelihood objectives. Based on the findings, the SLFT and its key elements are revised to offer a more complete insight and understanding of a tourism livelihood system for the purpose of tourism planning and management. Particular attention is drawn to the newly introduced concept of institutional capital, mainly evidenced in community participation practice. Appropriate institutional policies and practices can ensure local people share the benefits from tourism. The implication of a participatory approach is extended to access to tourist markets, benefit sharing, as well as participation in the decision-making. This research indicates that improvement of livelihood assets by tourism enhances local people’s resilience to vulnerability contexts. Institutional arrangements play an important role in mediating this process as well as the impact of vulnerability contexts through the planning portfolio (e.g., planning, policy-making, and legislation). Future research is suggested to evaluate and improve the SLFT’s applicability in multiple development contexts, and to explore ways of further developing SLFT indicators as a means for evaluating the usefulness of the SLFT.
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Bruckermann, Charlotte Louise. "Life in the rural Shanxi house : seasonal resonances and techniques of transformation in north-central China". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:29cbecd1-7ce3-44e1-9abf-0ba9a1101565.
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This thesis gives an experiential account of notions of the home in contemporary rural China. Based on a year of fieldwork in a mountain village in rural Shanxi Province, the thesis explores everyday and ritual practices to investigate how people make themselves at home under conditions of political economic transformation. Villagers accommodate and resist conflicts of interest by negotiating boundaries of insiders and outsiders through the home. Differences of gender and generation come to the fore as people compromise between aspiration and pragmatism within the home under conditions of resurgent market competition. The theoretical concern of the thesis lies in connecting wider social processes to personal life projects through the intimate sphere of the home. The rhythm of the seasons patterns the thesis into spring, summer, autumn and winter chapters, as the seasons were pivotal in ordering people’s everyday practices and ritual activities within a shared social and ecological environment. The opening chapter on the autumn harvest coincided with my arrival in the village. The chapter explores how labour, and particularly women’s labour, transforms the earth into affective belonging, and how women negotiate conflicts over food consumption between the agricultural and market economy. The winter chapter parallels tales of personal life history with wider kinship networks across various generations, while simultaneously tracing bodily pathways from the domain of the hot stove in the home to the cold grave in the fields. The next chapter begins with the celebratory periods of springtime during the New Year Festival, a time of ritual renewal in the home when women partook in a local domestic ritual of propitiating the little spirits of the house. At Qingming Festival villagers’ practices of worshipping the ancestors in the fields were juxtaposed with a tour company’s staging of an elaborate ritual revival of star worship in the village. Conflicting aspirations over the future of the past thereby tore fissures into the emerging ritual terrain between outside spectacle and inside convergence. The last ethnographic chapter looks at the summer as a time for regenerating life, particularly through marriage and children. Reciprocal caring cycles between different generations of women are central to balancing domestic and occupational aspirations in negotiation with the local implementation of the family planning policy. House-based rituals at children’s birthday parties and bridal farewell ceremonies formally celebrate the roles of matrilateral relatives.
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Lojo, Blesa Aureli. "Understanding a new tourism market and destination development: The case of Chinese tourism in Spain". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669362.
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El crecimiento del turismo chino hasta ser el primer emisor mundial de turismo es uno de los fenómenos más excitantes que ha ocurrido en los últimos años. Sin embargo, entender al turista chino supone un desafío en destinos occidentales. Esta tesis tiene el objetivo general de mejorar la comprensión del turismo chino en España para desarrollar el destino. A este fin, se generan propuestas de investigación a partir de cinco objetivos: (1) revisar la literatura existente, (2) comprender el producto turístico, (3) entender el comportamiento del turista, (4) conocer las fuentes de información, y (5) comprender la imagen del destino.
Esta es una tesis formada por un compendio de publicaciones. Se diferencian tres partes: La introducción general (Parte I); una colección de cinco artículos (Parte II); la discusión y conclusiones generales (Parte III). Desde una posición filosófica cuasi-positivista, en todos los artículos se trabaja mayoritariamente con datos y metodologías cuantitativas. Se ha seguido un método inductivo (no se ha partido de hipótesis previas, sino de objetivos de investigación). El diseño de la investigación es empírico y la estrategia de investigación es el estudio de caso. Para la extracción de datos se han utilizado dos técnicas (encuestas y web scrapping ), que se han analizado mayormente con técnicas cuantitativas.
Los resultados del Artículo 1 revelan que las principales redes de producción científica en el estudio del turismo chino surgen alrededor de cuatro clústeres de investigadores. En cuanto a los temas estudiados, el estudio identifica y explica seis clústeres: comportamiento del turista; (políticas e impactos; desarrollo de la industria; segmentos del consumidor; servicios; valores culturales y turismo. El análisis de los productos ofertados por las agencias de viaje chinas (Artículo 2) halla patrones y similitudes en sus itinerarios. Las principales ciudades visitadas son Barcelona, Madrid, Sevilla, Granada, Toledo, Mijas, Ronda y Córdoba. El producto se formula mediante dimensiones culturales y experienciales. La dimensión cultural está formada por la historia, la cultura (especialmente, la andaluza) y la arquitectura. La dimensión experiencial, por la conveniencia de un viaje guiado, organizado por la agencia de viajes, y los servicios ofrecidos.
En el Artículo 3 se define el perfil demográfico, motivaciones y satisfacción con el destino del turista. Los resultados muestran que, en conjunto, el turista chino está más motivado por la novedad y la relajación en su viaje a España y, en segundo lugar, por el patrimonio y la cultura. En cambio, los turistas que visitan España por tercera vez están más motivados por el clima, la naturaleza y las compras que por la cultura y patrimonio. Tras analizar las páginas web de cuatro tipos de proveedores de información, los resultados del Artículo 4 muestran, el posicionamiento de las fuentes en los buscadores online, la densidad, diversidad y dominios de información. Los blogs son la fuente de información más diversa y rica, seguidas de las guías de viaje y Barcelona Turisme. En cambio, las agencias de viajes tienden a ser más repetitivas.
En el Artículo 5 se propone un marco conceptual para comprender la fragmentación de la imagen turística. Los resultados muestran que para Barcelona Turisme, la imagen de Barcelona está construida sobre el concepto de espacio público, elementos de arte local, cultura tangible e intangible, festividades y deportes. En cambio, las fuentes chinas tienen una imagen mucho más tradicional y limitada (basada en la arquitectura de Gaudí). Tal y como se muestra en las conclusiones, los métodos y bases teóricas empleados suponen una contribución también aplicable a otros mercados turísticos emergentes. En la Parte III se incluye la discusión de resultados, las implicaciones académicas y prácticas, las limitaciones y futuras áreas de investigación.China is the top source market, in terms of both numbers of tourists and international tourism expenditure. The growth of tourism in China is one of the most exciting phenomena that have occurred in recent years. However, understanding Chinese tourists is a challenge for Western destinations. The main objective of this thesis is to improve our understanding of Chinese tourism in Spain. To this end, five practical approaches are generated here. The specific research objectives are to: (1) review the existing literature; (2) interpret the tourist product; (3) understand the tourist behavior; (4) know the characteristics of the main sources of tourism information; and (5) identify the image of the destination. This thesis consists of a compendium of publications. There are three main parts: the general introduction (Part I); five articles (Part II); and the discussion and general conclusions (Part III). From a quasi-positivist philosophical position, all the articles are approached with quantitative data and methodologies. An inductive method has been followed (not based on previous hypotheses, but on research objectives). The design of the research is empirical, and the research strategy is the case study. Two techniques are used for data extraction (web scraping and surveys), which have been analyzed mostly with quantitative techniques. After analyzing the past 10 years’ research production on Chinese outbound tourism, the results of Article 1 reveal that the main networks of scientific collaboration are built around four authors. The findings also identify and explain six thematic clusters of research: tourist behavior; policies and impacts; industry development; consumer segments; services; and cultural values and tourism. The analysis of the products offered by Chinese travel agencies (Article 2) finds patterns and similarities in tourism itineraries. The main cities visited are Barcelona, Madrid, Seville, Granada, Toledo, Mijas, Ronda and Córdoba. The product is formulated through cultural and experiential dimensions. The cultural dimension is formed by history, culture, and architecture. The experiential dimension is formed by the convenience of an organized trip, the tour guide and the services offered. Article 3 defines the Chinese tourist’s demographic profile, motivations and satisfaction with the destination. The results show that, overall, the Chinese tourist is firstly motivated by novelty and relaxation on their trip to Spain and, secondly, by heritage and culture. However, tourists that visit Spain for the third time are more motivated by the climate, nature, and shopping than by the culture and heritage. After analyzing the websites of four types of information providers, the results of Article 4 show the positioning of sources in online search engines. The findings also show the profiles of density, diversity and domains of information. Blogs are the most diverse and rich sources of information, followed by travel guides and Barcelona Turisme. In contrast, travel agencies tend to be more repetitive. Article 5 proposes a conceptual framework for understanding the fragmentation of the tourist image. The results show that, for Barcelona Turisme, the image of Barcelona is built on the concept of public space, elements of local art, tangible and intangible culture, festivities and sports. In contrast, Chinese sources have a much more traditional and limited image (based on Gaudí). The general discussion and conclusion (Part III) includes a discussion of the results, the academic and practical implications, limitations, and future areas of research. As shown in this last part, the methods and theoretical bases contributed by this dissertation are also applicable to other emerging tourism markets. The theoretical and practical implications for the entire dissertation are discussed.
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Veron, Emmanuel. "Les espaces ruraux à l'heure du tourisme citadin : l'exemple du delta du Yangzi - Chine". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H034/document.
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Cette thèse étudie les dynamiques touristiques, contemporaines des réformes, dans les espaces ruraux de la mégalopole du delta du Yangzi. Le processus du tourisme dans les espaces ruraux est étudié au regard des politiques de modernisation rurale (encadrées par l'État central, décentralisées aux échelons locaux, en lien avec des acteurs privés) d'une part, et des mutations des perceptions des citadins de la classe moyenne, bénéficiant de temps libre, de moyens économiques et matériels d'autre part. Les pratiques touristiques ont été envisagées du point de vue de l'expérience des touristes et des motivations de départ. Les campagnes constituent une forme originale de tourisme, dont les aménagements se déclinent selon quatre types : bourg, village, parc à thème et parc naturel. Les lieux touristiques dans les campagnes ont ensuite été analysés selon trois entrées : modernisation rurale, construction identitaire et outil d'aménagement local. Finalement, les espaces ruraux touristiques, circonscrits à des lieux balisés, contribuent aux dynamiques spatiales et économiques de la région du delta du Yangzi, dominée par la métropole de Shanghai. Par ailleurs, le tourisme dans les campagnes participe à la construction de territorialités des provinces et des municipalitésThis thesis examines the tourist dynamic, contemporary of reforms, in rural areas of the megalopolis of the Yangzi Delta. The tourism process in rural areas is studied with regard to rural modernization policies (supervised by the central government, decentralized to local levels, in conjunction with private actors) on the one hand, and urban perceptions mutations of the middle class, enjoying free time, economic resources and the other materials on the other band. Tourist practices have been considered from the perspective of the experience of tourists and starting motivations. The countryside is an original form of tourism; the facilities are divided into four categories: village, town, ù1eme park and natural Park. The tourist places in the countryside were then analyzed according to three inputs: rural modernization, construction of identity and local planning tool. Finally, rural tourism areas, conscripts marked places, contribute firstly to spatial and economic dynamics of the Yangtze Delta region, dominated by the metropolis of Shanghai and the other in territorialities construction of provinces and municipalities
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Wu, An-kuo, i 吳安國. "Electronic business in tourism development in China". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6xmbg8.
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Chine-ChuanLui i 呂金全. "A study of political economy of tourism development in China". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57314813300143597039.
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碩士國立成功大學
政治經濟學研究所
98
Globalization accelerates the flow of population. It is a dynamic changing process of political economy. Especially, when the system relation and the radical growth of economy interact, it accelerates the development of economic globalization. Global industrial structure is transformed from agriculture and industry into service industry. Nations all over the world make the best of natural and cultural resources to develop tourism. Tourism becomes the economical support of most nations. It is hailed as the twenty-first century’s smokeless industry. Every state will adopt the alternative models of tourism policy according to national interest, national security, and the internal and external environment factors. Owing to the international feature of tourism, its developing stage and mode has difference under different political economy institution. It means that every state has different developing approach and measure. The developing mode of tourism depends on the national purpose. China has enough tourism resources, but it is influenced by the political ideology and the role of the state. It plays different roles at different stages. In the development of tourism, it always uses policies to play the role of creators and participants. The government is in the dominant position of the state economy and uses regional competitive advantage to support the development of tourism in China. In 2009, China became Asia’s largest tourism country and he fourth largest tourist market in the international tourism. It is a successful model of state organs to promote the tourism development by policy making. What is the key factor that prompts the Chinese government to take positive and open tourism policy? What is the impact of the tourism policy? This article will try to discuss these issues. In this article, the concept of「tourism and political system analysis」is used to explain the interaction between the state and the development of tourism. From the viewpoint of the national functional requirements, the conditions of the policy making of four fields: National security, economic growth, social needs and cultural awareness, are analyzed. Two major dependent variables, number of tourists and tourism revenue, are taken as performance indicators to verify the implementation capacity and effectiveness of tourism policy made by the state government. Through literature and historical structure analysis, the goal and measure of China’s five-year economic plan are surveyed. Tourism development process, along with nation’s major political and economic development, is divided into five main historical periods. From domestic, regional and global levels, the political and economic development of China tourism at each main historical period will be examined. It also discusses the policies, measures and the influence of globalization that create high value-added service industry. key words：tourism；tourism development；tourism policy
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Qin, Qun. "Heritage Tourism in Daxu and Yangshuo, Guangxi, China". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4854.
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Heritage tourism is employed by many countries to facilitate economic development as well as to assist in the preservation of heritage. Different stakeholders have different and sometimes conflicting expectation in the process of converting heritage resources into marketable products. Heritage tourism is especially complicated because public and private, historical and sometimes ethnic resources are involved. Despite the fact that some literature is devoted to the impacts of the designation and management of heritage tourism on residents, little research has been done on how government roles and associated political perspectives can affect the way that heritage tourism develops. Detailed comparative studies that are undertaken from this perspective are rare. This research uses experiences of Daxu ancient town and Yangshuo town, in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, to compare the influence of governmental involvement on heritage tourism development.
Key stakeholders’ perceptions (tourists, entrepreneurs, residents and governments) were examined in both towns through quantitative and qualitative research. A tourist survey was conducted to collect data on their experience on their trips. A resident survey was conducted to collect data on local residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts, and their judgments of the government’s performance in tourism administration and promotion. Entrepreneurs were interviewed to understand their motivations, situations and expectations for their businesses. Finally, government officials were interviewed to understand the policies, marketing, and official attitudes and involvement in tourism development.
Economic advantages have been a driving force in heritage tourism development in both towns. Yangshuo is in a more mature stage of tourism development than Daxu which is still in the initial stage. Residents in both towns show high expectations for tourism development, but Yangshuo residents are surer about most of the impacts brought by tourism. Entrepreneurs are often local investors and are struggling in Daxu while, in Yangshuo, tourism entrepreneurs are often from elsewhere and include international investors. Yangshuo entrepreneurs are more entrepreneurial, highly responsive to the market and are contributing to the attractions of Yangshuo. Government attitudes toward tourism are very different between Daxu and Yangshuo. Yangshuo’s government accords great importance to tourism and actively supports its tourism development and, as such, tourism boomed in Yangshuo. Daxu’s government passively supports tourism. This study confirms that variations in government support can greatly influence the style and pace of tourism development.
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"Media representation of landmarks and development of tourism: --the case of Victoria Harbour". 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893999.
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Tang, Ho Man.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-181).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
論文摘要 --- p.iv
Acknowledgement --- p.vi
Table of Contents --- p.vii
Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter Two: --- Literature Review and Methodologies --- p.13
Chapter Chapter Three: --- The Accumulation of Landmarks --- p.29
Chapter Chapter Four: --- Multiple Narratives for Tourism Promotion --- p.50
Chapter Chapter Five: --- Multiple Layers of Touristic Landmarks --- p.78
Chapter Chapter Six: --- Empty Space and Multiple Functions of Landmarks --- p.99
Chapter Chapter Seven: --- Structuring Consumption at the Harbour City --- p.115
Chapter Chapter Eight: --- Star Ferry and A Symphony of Lights --- p.142
Chapter Chapter Nine: --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.158
Bibliography --- p.177
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Kan, Tang-chung, i 甘唐沖. "Tourism and Economic Development in China: The Three Levels of Analysis". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4evjma.
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博士國立中山大學
大陸研究所
95
In this study, the relationship between the tourism policies and economic development in China was analyzed from the three levels: nation, region and province. The analysis included the evolution of tourism policies, the survey of tourism market, the strength of tourism resources and the unique features of tourism development. At national level, the changes before and after the three period were studied, including the founding of PRC in 1949, open-door economic reform policy in 1978, and entering WTO in 2001. Concerning the regional level, the eastern and western were analyzed. In the aspects of province, only those showing distinguished developmenmt were chosen for analysis, including Jiangsu in the eastern coastal region, and Yunnan in the western inland region. From the viewpoint of national policies and market mechanism, the direction concerning the development of regional tourism policies was discussed. Based on the theory of regional economic development, the differences in tourism development were investigated. In terms of the theory of industrial competition advantage, the advantage of tourism resources was examined. Finally, the correlation between tourism and economic development was analyzed. The unique features of tourism in China from the three levels were also explored, respectively.
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Gin, Yanyin, i 金燕吟. "Industry’s Analysis of the Strategies Development Medical Tourism in Taiwan- A Case of Mainland China Tourists". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81502815612593142528.
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碩士東海大學
餐旅管理學系
99
Medical tourism is becoming a unique market recently that most countries are planning to devote their resources actively in this field. Because of the cheaper prices in developing countries for medical services, providing high-quality health care services to attract customers from developed countries and completing the medical treatment in developing countries is a trend. With the coming era of the unfreezing situation for the cross-strait relations and the political climate turns better, the interaction between the cross-strait's people is more frequent. Thus, this is an important issue that the tourism industries and our government should think thoroughly medical tourism to Taiwan's development of new niche point. This research included two parts. In the first section, a total of 28 questionnaires were collected from professionals who were from the industry, the officials and the academia. Furthermore ,AHP was used as the research method to realize the primary elements of developing the medical tourism industry；Calculating the weight to give the priority was applied in order to provide the effective developing strategy for the government and the industry. This study generalized ten constructs(a total of 45elements)includes「Medical Institutions」, 「Globalization」,「Laws and Government Regulations」,「Encouragement of Investment and Finance」,「Integrated Environment and Infrastructure」,「Science and Technology」,「Human Resource」,「Global Service Quality」,「Market Analysis and Planning」and「Upgrading and Creation of Industrial Value」.In the second section, a total of 495 valid questionnaires were collected from mainland tourists..The consumer questionnaires were indicated that mainland tourists who visit Taiwan mainly were the first time, males; unmarried age of 25 to 34 years old private sector employees; college graduated average monthly income is between 4,501 to 6,000 renminbi. The mainland tourists expected that medical tourism was primarily focus on medical and tourism was secondary. The maximum days for medical tourism were 5 to 7 days. Most mainland tourists’ used medical institutions, travel agencies, and internet to searching medical tourism related information. The result from consumer questionnaire indicated that the three most important factors that mainland tourists’ considers were the「provided privacy for patients」,「the professional knowledge and techniques of medical staffs」and「the professional language skills and certification of medical staffs」.In conclusion, the results of this study are going to provide some useful suggestions to developed strategies on the medical tourism industry for government and the industries.
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HSIEN-HAO, CHIU, i 邱顯皓. "A Study of China Tourism Development Stages Since The Chinese Economic Reform". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/895qnf.
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"China's ghost city: popular religion, tourism and local development in Fengdu". 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896668.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Tan, Xilin.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-127).
Abstracts in English and Chinese ; includes Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1
Controversies over the Ghost City --- p.1
Fengdu --- p.2
The Ghost City and Popular Religion --- p.3
The Three Gorges Reservoir and the Relocation --- p.8
Developing Tourism --- p.9
Popular Religion in China --- p.13
Revival of Popular Religion --- p.13
Legitimatization of Popular Religion --- p.15
Organization of the thesis --- p.17
Chapter Chapter 2: --- The Landscape of Fengdu --- p.20
Landscape of Fengdu County --- p.20
The Reservoir Area in Chongqing --- p.20
Population --- p.23
Influence of the Dam --- p.25
Fengdu Religious Landscape --- p.30
The Ghost City after the 1980s --- p.33
The Divine Palace: A Modern Amusement Park --- p.48
Chapter Chapter 3: --- Legitimating the Ghost City --- p.51
The Ghost City in Dispute --- p.51
The Ambiguous Use of Wenhua --- p.52
“The Culture of the Ghost City´ح --- p.54
Promoting Righteousness --- p.56
New Symbols of Fengdu: from Ghost to Divinity --- p.60
Promoting the Ghost City --- p.63
Another Version of Local Culture --- p.65
Conclusion --- p.67
Chapter Chapter 4: --- Fengdu Temple Festival 2009 --- p.70
Fengdu Incense Festival in the Past --- p.70
Festival Origins and the Incense Festival Before 1949 --- p.70
Names and Organization --- p.73
The Fengdu Temple Festival in 2009 --- p.75
The Parade: Memories of Fengdu --- p.77
Emperor of the Netherworld and His Wedding --- p.78
Fengdu in History and the New Cultural Symbolism --- p.80
People's Participation --- p.80
Conclusion --- p.84
Chapter Chapter 5: --- People's Religious Life in Current Fengdu --- p.87
Tourism and Its Influence --- p.87
Tour Guides --- p.87
Communal Temples --- p.96
The Wantian Shrine --- p.101
Why do local people go to the Ghost City? --- p.102
Spirit Mediums --- p.107
Grandma Long --- p.108
Water Bowl Augur --- p.109
A Physiognomist --- p.110
Conclusion --- p.111
Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusion --- p.113
A Rise of Superstition? --- p.113
In the Name of Development --- p.115
Promoting Tourism as a Means to Vitalize the County's Economy --- p.116
The Wenhua of the Ghost City --- p.117
The Culture of the Ghost City --- p.118
The Lost Ghost --- p.118
Popular Religious Practices in Daily Life --- p.119
Alternative Interpretations of the Ghost City --- p.119
Local Pilgrim --- p.121
Bibliography --- p.124
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黎燕芬. "A study on the development of tourism of the Mainland China in the eighties". Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62t5s8.
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48
(5929880), Mark Mark Keene. "Modeling Luxury Wine Preference, A Study of Business Travelers from China". Thesis, 2019.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The purpose of this study was twofold: Part 1, to empirically develop and statistically analyze a new model that measures the culture-based motivators to consume luxury wine by business travelers that identify as culturally-Chinese; and Part 2, to validate the new model. Luxury wine stakeholders may often have issues accessing luxury wine and providing the ideal choices that appeal to the business traveler from China, and yet there is a larger concern.
In a field with a significant lack of research, it is a challenge for global stakeholders to gather information, acquire and implement cross-cultural competence, and remain knowledgeable of the most important motivators for Chinese consumers to pursue luxury wine in an environment of accelerated consumption. The intent of developing and validating this model was so that the resulting developmental process might be adopted by other researchers who wish to explore the psychological, culture-based motivators to consume luxury products by those that identify as culturally-Chinese, including, but not limited to, wine. The model provides stakeholders with culture-based knowledge to meet, or transcend, their consumers’ luxury wine purchasing, tasting, and presenting needs. It also addresses gaps in research literature surrounding luxury product consumption, such as emerging markets, global affairs, Chinese (Eastern) versus Euro-American (Western) perspectives, and consumer sociodemographics. Interdisciplinary scale development and inventory tests followed by hospitality-specific, culture-based scale development and item development literature were reviewed and deduced for model development. The scale underwent validity and reliability tests; through a rigorous scale development procedure that tested theory, the scale became a model. The findings and implications are discussed and recommendations for future research are offered.
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"Development of Wong Tai Sin tourist cultural attraction & Education Center for Chinese Religions". 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890033.
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Chiu Chun Kit Andy."Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1997-98, design report."
Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter 0.0. --- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Chapter 1.0. --- BACKGROUND
Chapter 1.1. --- Client
Chapter 1.2. --- Need
Chapter 1.3. --- Project Brief
Chapter 1.3.1. --- Original Government Proposal
Chapter 1.3.2. --- Evaluation of the Original Proposal
Chapter 1.4. --- Sources of Finance
Chapter 1.4.1. --- Education Centre and Guest House
Chapter 1.4.2. --- Other Facilities in Tourist Cultural Attraction
Chapter 1.5. --- Users
Chapter 1.6. --- Site Context
Chapter 1.6.1. --- General Information
Chapter 1.6.2. --- Issues of the Site
Chapter 1.7. --- Planning (statutory) constraints
Chapter 1.8. --- Design Objectives
Chapter 2.0. --- MASTER PLAN OF TOURIST ATTRACTION
Chapter 2.1. --- Design Philosophy
Chapter 2.2. --- Planning Strategy
Chapter 2.2.1. --- Zoning
Chapter 2.2.2. --- Pedestrian Access
Chapter 2.2.3. --- Vehicular Access
Chapter 2.2.4. --- Noise Treatment
Chapter 2.2.5. --- Landscape
Chapter 2.2.6. --- Circulation
Chapter 2.2.7. --- Functional Relations
Chapter 2.3. --- Design Process
Chapter 3.0. --- DESIGN OF EDUCATION CENTRE
Chapter 3.1. --- Design Philosophy
Chapter 3.2. --- Planning Strategy
Chapter 3.2.1. --- Zoning
Chapter 3.2.2. --- Microclimate
Chapter 2.2.3. --- Landscape
Chapter 3.2.4. --- Circulation
Chapter 3.2.5. --- Pedestrian Access
Chapter 3.2.6. --- Vehicular Access
Chapter 3.3. --- Design Process
Chapter 3.4. --- Environmental Issues
Chapter 3.4.1. --- Lighting/Daylighting
Chapter 3.4.2. --- Natural Ventilation / HVAC
Chapter 3.5. --- Structure and Construction
Chapter 3.5.1. --- Structure
Chapter 3.5.2. --- Material
Chapter 4.0. --- APPENDIX
Chapter - --- Final Presentation
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Wu, Chien-Yuan, i 吳鑒原. "Development of the Asia-Pacific tourism and crime –In mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Macao Case". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35094219019248117350.
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碩士銘傳大學
觀光事業學系碩士在職專班
103
With the gradual development of the Asia-Pacific economy, national income improved rapidly, especially in recent years, the prevailing ethos of the impact of tourism, in order to stimulate the booming tourism market, tourism safety of tourists and tourism industry is the choice of the prime tourist destinations consideration and evaluation blocks, travel safety in tourist areas of the offense again the aramount concern, and therefore want to investigate this research study tourism development and the degree of crime in Asia Pacific. In this study, the research variable as crime, unemployment, international tourist arrivals to the development of tourism as an alternative to variable economic development in gross domestic product and the consumer price index as a substitute variables, a total of five variables to discuss during the associated with causality, this study range from mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong and Macao, covering between 2000 to 2011 a total of 12 years of data during the study, data on the frequency of data. In this study, the research variable as crime, unemployment, international tourist arrivals to the development of tourism as an alternative to variable economic development in gross domestic product and the consumer price index as a substitute variables, a total of five variables to discuss during the associated with causality, this study range from mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong and Macao, covering between 2000 to 2011 a total of 12 years of data during the study, data on the frequency of data. The relationship between crime rates and other variables: the crime rate and the consumer price index showed a significant negative correlation in Hong Kong and Macao, Macao''s findings show that the crime rate and the gross domestic product, showing a significant negative correlation with the unemployment rate showing a significant positive correlation between the Chinese mainland and part of the crime and tourism development, economic development and the unemployment rate showed a significant negative correlation Singapore. In Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, the unemployment rate and the consumer price index has a significant negative correlation. Between unemployment and has a gross domestic product of Macau significant negative correlation between the gross Taiwan another part of the consumer price index and domestic production is showing a significant negative correlation. By regression analysis found that, in China, Taiwan and Singapore, crime has significant negative impact on tourism development, show the extent of crime does affect tourism development. In Macau, the unemployment rate to produce a significant negative impact on tourism development, the game is displayed in highly developed areas, employment levels will significantly affect the level of tourism development. Chinese mainland, Taiwan and Singapore Tourism research data are generated significant negative impact on crime, this study suggests that in the three regions, two-way causal relationship between the variables presented. The regression results from Macau, the unemployment rate for the crime index is generated significant positive effect.