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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Toulouse county"
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Casanova, Maryse, and Jean-Louis Brousse. "The Comminges County from the 10th to the 15th century." EPJ Web of Conferences 244 (2020): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024401007.
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From the 10th to the 15th centuries, the counts of Comminges developed their important domain and resisted the ambitions of their powerful neighbors. Alliances, treaties, marriages, wars, everything has been good to preserve their goods. These counts played happily with their personalities, their strengths, their weaknesses, their malice. They supported the economic and social development. The population gradually migrated from the mountains to the plain, first with the help of the Church and the creation of the “sauvetés”. Then the liberality of the counts allowed the construction of numerous “bastides” in the 13th century. The county families provided the majority of the Commingeois bishops and reinforced the importance of the Secular Church. By their permanent support to the Regular Church, they favored the establishment of large monastic and templar domains, the development of as much farming land. The progressive close up with the raimondine city of Toulouse, placed the County under his protection after the crusade by the Albigensians in 1218. The war against the English, the devastations of the Black prince in 1355 opened the last page of this story, accompanied by calamities that left in 1453 a bloodless Comminges in the hands of the King of France.
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Aubrey, Elizabeth. "The dialectic between Occitania and France in the thirteenth century." Early Music History 16 (October 1997): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127900001686.
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The thirteenth century was a time of turmoil in Occitania, starting with the buildup to the Albigensian Crusade during the first decade and its eruption in the second and third, which resulted in the establishment of the university in Toulouse in 1229, the founding of the Order of Friars Preachers a short time later and the unleashing of several decades of inquisition led by these Dominicans, and ultimately the dissolution of the powerful county of Toulouse. France profited both economically and politically from this plundering of the rich culture to its south: the consolidation of power by the late Capetian monarchy owed much to the absorption of Occitania into its holdings. The inhabitants of the Midi continued to demonstrate their fierce independence from their conquerors in myriad ways, some overt, some subversive. But the tempestuous events in their homeland caused some trauma among the troubadours, and although this did not necessarily result in a general deterioration in the quality of the songs that they produced, it probably is at least partly to blame for a decline in the number of both songs and composers.
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Stutz, D. Dudley. "Papal Legates against the Albigensians: The Debts of the Church of Valence (1215–1250)." Traditio 68 (2013): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900001677.
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In 1232 Pope Gregory IX (r. 1227–41) imposed a tenth of episcopal revenues on prelates of Occitania to subsidize the church of Valence, which owed 10,000 poundstournoisto various bankers of Vienne, Rome, Lyons, and Siena. In 1865 B. Hauréau first noted the event when he edited one of the main documents in theGallia christianavolume concerning the ecclesiastical province of Vienne. With the publication of Gregory IX's register from 1890–1908 most of the facts of the tax were more widely available. In 1910 Ulysse Chevalier briefly mentioned the tax in his monograph on the long tenure of John of Bernin, archbishop of Vienne (r. 1218–66). In 1913, Heinrich Zimmermann cited Hauréau's text in a note in his detailed treatment of early thirteenth-century papal legations. Recently Alain Marchandisse reviewed eight of the eleven papal letters pertaining to the tax in his study of William of Savoy (d. 1239) as bishop-elect of Liège. These scholars provided no reason for the debt or why the papacy would take such measures to ensure payment. Perhaps they did not study this tax further because a church indebted to moneylenders is not in itself surprising. It appears that the church of Valence acquired the debt, very large compared to the church's income, when bishop-elect William of Savoy (r. 1225–39) waged war against Adhémar II of Poitiers-Valentinois, count of the Valentinois (r. 1189–1239). Struggles between bishops and the local nobility occurred on a regular basis throughout the Middle Ages, so what in this unimportant Rhone-valley diocese interested the pope enough to impose taxes on prelates of Occitania over twenty years to ensure payment of this debt? Adhémar II faithfully supported Raymond VI (r. 1194–1222) and Raymond VII (r. 1222–49) of Saint-Gilles, counts of Toulouse, throughout their struggle with the papacy during and following the Albigensian crusades. Adhémar II was also their vassal for the Diois, which borders the Valentinois on the southeast and comprised the northern portion of the marquisate of Provence. These lands had been reserved for the church in the Treaty of Meaux-Paris (1229), which ended the Albigensian crusades. Thus William of Savoy as bishop-elect of Valence defended the papacy's claims on the marquisate of Provence, which the papacy deemed part of the larger struggle between the Roman church and the counts of Toulouse. The facts on the nature of the debts and the steps the papacy took to aid the diocese show that the local struggle between the bishop of Valence and the count of the Valentinois embodied a part of the larger struggle between the papacy and the counts of Toulouse over the marquisate of Provence, which began as early as 1215.
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Rosenwein, Barbara H. "Chapter 9 The Art of Speaking Well at the Court of the Counts of Toulouse." Essays in Medieval Studies 30, no. 1 (2014): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ems.2014.0007.
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Barrett, Catherine Jean. "Origins of the French Bastides." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 3 (2016): 421–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144215620620.
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The bastides of Languedoc form a significant sector of medieval urban history, yet their descriptions are often clouded by conflicting opinions and anachronistic views. This article aims to clarify some of the confusion about the word “bastide” through an etymological study and examination of charters in which the word was first used to designate new towns. The economic and political contexts preceding the bastide foundations are equally important. The bastides did not appear in southwestern France as an ex novo phenomenon ; rather, they followed on the heels of experiments in residential development and in a monetary economy that had been ongoing for two centuries by the counts of Toulouse.
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TACHE, SYLVIANE, MOUHSSINE BENKADDOUR, and DENIS E. CORPET. "Rotavirus Inhibitor and Recovery in Raw Bovine Milk." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 4 (1995): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.4.434.
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Milk could be a vector for viruses contaminating the human gut, but detection of rotavirus in raw bovine milk is prevented by the presence of a very active antiviral substance. Rotavirus inhibition by various milk samples and the nature of the inhibitor were examined, and an improved method for rotavirus detection in raw bovine milk was designed. Most milk samples from cows near Toulouse, France, could inhibit 5 × 106 PFU/ml of rotavirus, with wide variations among individuals and with time. The rotavirus inhibitor was bound on a protein G affinity column, and corresponded to the immunoglobulin G fraction (IgG) as shown by enzymatic immunoassay. The proposed method for rotavirus detection requires the action of HCl (pH 3) and dithiothreitol (0.01 M) for 10 min before PFU counts on cell cultures. This treatment improved the detection threshold 1,000-fold, and the recovery of rotavirus in raw bovine milk 300-fold.
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Coyne, Kenneth M. "The Oaths of Alexios I Komnenos and Count Raymond IV of Toulouse in Robert the Monk’s Historia Hierosolimitana." Nottingham Medieval Studies 66 (January 2022): 67–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.nms.5.132194.
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Almeida, Evelyn Veronica, and Guido Vinicio Duque. "The Importance of Mediation in the Development of Entrepreneurial Minds." INNOVA Research Journal 2, no. 8.1 (2017): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33890/innova.v2.n8.1.2017.343.
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The current unemployment of young adults in developing countries such as Ecuador is partially due to the collapse of the social security system, the increase in time of workers’ contributions to the retirement system, and the economic crisis. Assisting youth in creating their own labor market opportunities through developing entrepreneurial competencies is a possible partial remedy to the unemployement situation in the country. However, the main problem in establishing these competencies in business classes, where there is a gap between the theory of entrepreneurship and the simulation, and between the simulation and the entrepreneurial reality. To fill this gap, we are proposing a pedagogical model that merges students’ entrepreneurial traits and curiosities with guidance and experience from teachers and entrepreneurs to develop business projects, taking advantage of business opportunities to facilitate employability in the local area. This model draws upon Vygotsky’s (1978) concepts of Zone of Proximal Development and Mediation, Lantolf and Poehner´s (2011) concept of Dynamic Assessment, and Béchard and Toulouse´s (1991) Pedagogical Model in Entrepreneurship.
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Magnaval, Jean-François, Judith Fillaux, Sophie Cassaing, Alexis Valentin, Xavier Iriart, and Antoine Berry. "Human toxocariasis and atopy." Parasite 27 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020029.
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To assess the possible influence of atopy on the clinical picture of human toxocariasis, a retrospective study was carried out using file records for patients who attended the Outpatient Clinic of Parasitology in Toulouse University Hospitals. A total of 106 file records for patients who had been diagnosed with common/covert toxocariasis were extracted from the database. Forty-nine patients (20 females and 29 males) were considered atopic since they exhibited a long (≥ 1 year) history of various allergic issues along with a titer ≥ 0.7 kIU/L for specific IgE against at least two out of nine mixes of common inhalant allergens. Fifty-seven patients (42 females and 15 males) were designated nonatopic on the basis of a negative result (<0.35 kIU/L) of the test for specific IgE. Demographic (age and sex), clinical (20 signs or symptoms) and laboratory (blood eosinophil count, eosinophil cationic protein, serum total IgE, and specific anti-Toxocara IgE) variables were investigated by bivariate analysis followed by multivariate regression analysis using “atopy” as the outcome variable. On the basis of our results, the clinical or laboratory picture of toxocaral disease was not affected by the presence of an atopic status.
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Abravanel, Florence, Olivier Marion, Arnaud Del Bello, et al. "Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses of Solid Organ Transplant Patients on Belatacept to Three Doses of mRNA-Based Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine." Vaccines 10, no. 3 (2022): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030354.
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Background: Two doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines are poorly immunogenic in solid organ transplant recipients (SOT). Methods: In total, 68 belatacept-treated SOT recipients followed at the Toulouse University Hospital were investigated. They were given three injections of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Their humoral response was assessed by determining anti-spike antibodies and neutralizing antibodies. The T-cell responses were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay that measured the interferon-γ produced by specific SARS-CoV-2 T-cells in a subgroup of 17 patients. Results: Only 23.5% of these patients developed a detectable anti-spike response. Moreover, the cellular and the humoral responses were well correlated. Patients with no humoral response were also without a detectable cellular response. Those belatacept-treated patients who developed an Anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral response were younger, had been transplanted for longer, and had a higher lymphocyte count and a better glomerular filtration rate than those with no response. Finally, patients on tacrolimus plus belatacept produced a lower immune response. Conclusions: Belatacept-treated SOT recipients have a reduced immune response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. The vaccine should be given quite separately from the belatacept infusion to improve immunogenicity. Studies to assess whether switching to another immunosuppressive regimen can improve the post-vaccination immune response would be useful.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Toulouse county"
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Pollack, Samuel J. "The crown and judicial venality in the Parlement of Toulouse, c. 1490-1547." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:225316fd-9240-443f-b00f-ec6208171630.
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Notoriously, the French monarchy began to exchange judicial posts in its courts of law for cash to raise emergency funds in the early sixteenth century. The fact that all sorts of royal posts subsequently became venal or hereditary is a familiar aspect of ancien régime France, yet very little work exists on the genesis of this institution. This thesis traces the meanings, practices, and effects of 'venality' between 1490 and 1547. It does so by studying the relationship between the crown and the second most important law court of the kingdom, the Parlement of Toulouse. Traditional interpretations of office sale have tended to explain the phenomenon as a tale of royal hypocrisy, and have prioritised research on the Parlement of Paris. In contrast, this study argues that the study of a provincial court forces us to reconsider the chronology, techniques, and outcomes of early venality. A considerable amount of unexploited archival and printed material exists on office sale. By approaching it through the lens of legal culture, this thesis proposes an investigative model not only capable of explaining why venality emerged, but also why it was so vilified. Existing studies of office sale have tended to ignore legal talk and legislation as misleading or dissimulative. By paying particular attention to law and language, however, this study argues that the sale of judicial offices was a deeply ambiguous theme in the first half of the sixteenth-century that was open to constant interpretation. It was this very slipperiness that allowed a variety of actors to engage with it. Early office sale prolonged late medieval practices, but also heralded unprecedented changes, influencing the formation of the early-modern state. By studying the phenomenon, this thesis offers a rich and multifaceted picture of the relations and functioning of the crown and its tribunals.
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Martinazzo, Estelle. "La Réforme catholique dans le diocèse de Toulouse (1590-1710)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757747.
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Le diocèse de Toulouse, situé à cheval sur le Languedoc et le Gascogne, a subi d'importantes destructions durant les guerres de Religion. Un tiers des édifices religieux ont été détruits en 1596. Inséré dans une région où les protestants ont conquis de nombreuses villes, les Toulousains se sentent littéralement assiégés par le protestantisme, et cette appréhension renforce les ressorts d'une politique religieuse menée par l'archevêque, le puissant parlement de Toulouse et les laïcs. La Réforme catholique débute en 1590, au moment du concile provincial sous l'impulsion du cardinal de Joyeuse (1588-1605). Celui-ci, fortement empreint des idées borroméennes, en pose les cadres durables. Une visite systématique du diocèse est menée, des institutions nouvelles sont mises en place et les fondements du concile de Trente sont publiés par le biais des canons du concile provincial. Ses successeurs, malgré les longues périodes devacance du siège archiépiscopal, poursuivent la politique menée. On observe alors, grâce aux conférences ecclésiastiques notamment, un glissement des institutions, mises au service d'une meilleure connaissance des réalités religieuses et de la réforme des prêtres et des fidèles. Une campagne importante de reconstructions débute aussi de manière assez précoce dans le diocèse et constitue une des réussites les plus remarquables de la Réforme catholique,néanmoins avec une chronologie différenciée. Il en est de même pour la réforme des prêtres, dont nous étudierons les nombreux ressorts. La Réforme catholique implique de nombreux acteurs. Leur multiplicité est liée à la structure sociale de la ville de Toulouse, ville parlementaire par excellence. La politique religieuse connaît alors une articulation constante entre la Réforme catholique, comme réforme in capito et in membris et la Contre-Réforme, c'est-à-dire la volonté d'éradiquer toute présence du protestantisme. Cette politique, menée bien au-delà du cadre administratif du diocèse, constitue une grande réussite de la fin du XVIIe siècle.
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Raguin, Marjolaine. "Propagande politique et religieuse dans la "Chanson de la Croisade albigeoise", texte de l'Anonyme." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30064/document.
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Ce travail de thèse de doctorat consiste en une analyse minutieuse du discours de propagande politique et religieuse dans la partie anonyme de la Chanson de la Croisade albigeoise, construite comme une suite qui détourne, fond et forme, le texte du premier auteur Guilhem de Tudela. Située dans le champ disciplinaire de la littérature médiévale, cette étude prend en compte les apports interdisciplinaires de la théologie chrétienne, l’histoire politique, militaire et religieuse, pour l’essentiel. Nous avons pu souligner les relations d’intertextualité entre les sirventés de la période du conflit albigeois et certains points importants du propos de l’Anonyme. Cette étude a permis de réorienter les recherches en vue de l’identification de l’auteur en démontrant la mention explicite d’un mécénat. L’Anonyme remplace l’argumentation de Guilhem de Tudela sur l’hérésie en pays d’oc qui justifiait la croisade, par la notion d’héritage lignager qui, elle, implique que les Méridionaux luttent contre leur dépossession sous la conduite des comte raimondins de Toulouse. Nous avons montré que le discours politique se fonde dans le religieux, car l’Anonyme a bien compris que seule la démonstration de la catholicité des Raimondins pouvait assurer le succès de l’entreprise de reconquête : il élabore l’idéologie d’une contre-croisade. L’auteur insiste sur une triangulation d’un lien à la terre qui vaut lien du sang entre les Méridionaux, leur seigneur raimondin et les territoires placés sous la garde d’un Dieu protecteur. Nous montrons que l’argumentation est fondée sur deux postulats : la trahison du suzerain français et ses barons, associés à un clergé menteur de faux prédicateurs<br>This doctoral dissertation is a detailed analysis of the religious and political propaganda in the anonymously authored section of the Song of the Albigensian Crusade, a section generally thought of as reshaping the form and content of the text of its original author, Guilhem de Tudela. Anchored in the field of Occitan medieval literature, this study takes into account interdisciplinary contributions of Christian theology as well as religious, political and military history. This work highlights intertextual connections between sirventés from the period of the Albigensian war and certain aspects of the work of the anonymous author. This study permits a reorientation of scholarship on the identification of the author by bringing attention to the explicit mention of a sponsor. The anonymous author replaces Guilhem de Tudela’s arguments of heresy in the Occitan territories, which justified the crusade, with the notion of inherited lineage to imply that the Southerners were fighting against their dispossession under the command of the Raimondin count of Toulouse. The political discourse in the work is based on religious rhetoric, as the anonymous author understood that only a demonstration of the catholicity of Raimondins could ensure the success of the reconquest; as such he developed an ideology of a counter-crusade. The author insists on a threefold connection to the land consisting of a blood relationship between the Southerners, their lord Raimondin, and territories under the care of a protective God. The anonymous author’s argument is based on two postulates: the betrayal of the French suzerain and the association of its barons with a lying clergy of false preachers
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Javonena, Anne-Charlotte. "Châteaux et domaines castraux, outils de contrôle des réseaux de communication au Moyen Âge : l'exemple de la vallée du Lot (XIIIe -XVe siècles)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAL018.
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Pendant longtemps, les relations entre les réseaux de communication et les sites castraux ont été associées à la fiscalité seigneuriale (perception de droits de péage) ou encore à un contexte militaire (en cherchant à bloquer le trafic dans une intention défensive). Toutefois, la coordination des maillages routiers, fluviaux et castraux fait apparaître en creux de nombreuses relations dynamiques entre les territoires, leur organisation économique, politique ou encore sociale. La question décisive revient à intégrer ces nouvelles perspectives à une représentation dynamique de la pratique des territoires pour définir les conditions réelles d'interrelation entre les sites castraux et les réseaux de communication au cours du second Moyen Âge. Le cadre géographique de cette thèse, la vallée du Lot, depuis sa source jusqu'à son confluent sur un parcours de 485 km, permet de considérer la permanence des relations sociales et spatiales dans un rapport réciproque d'organisation et de structuration, caractérisée par une pluralité d'ensembles politiques et de luttes d'influence entre individus. La présence de ces différents acteurs de pouvoir (grands princes territoriaux, seigneuries plus modestes, oligarchie et aristocratie locale), dont les seigneuries et les châteaux, les logis seigneuriaux ou aristocratiques s'imposent le long de cette rivière, peuvent faire dialoguer entre eux les espaces, la politique, les sociétés et l'économie pour ainsi détailler les phénomènes dynamiques qui se rapportent à la structuration viaire, fluviale et castrale des territoires observés. Cette étude est enrichie par le dépouillement de sources écrites collectées, entre autres, dans neuf dépôts d'archives départementales, à la BnF, aux archives nationales ou encore au Public record Office de Londres. Ce travail historique s'intéresse ainsi aux différents acteurs du pouvoir riverains du Lot et à leurs instruments de domination du sol afin de mieux cerner leurs logiques de pouvoir et de gestion territoriale quel que soit leur rang social<br>For a long time, the relations between communication networks and castral sites have been associated with seigniorial taxation (tolls) or military activities (by stopping the trafic). Nevertheless, the coordination of roads, rivers, waterways and castles make appear many dynamic relationships between territories, their economic, political or social organization. The decisive question is to integrate these new perspectives into a representation of the practice of territories to define the real conditions of interrelationship between castral sites and communication networks during the end of the early medieval period and the late Middle Ages. The geographical framework of this thesis, the Lot valley from its source to its confluence, on a course of 485 kilometers (301 miles), allows us to consider the reciprocal permanence of social and spatial relations characterized by a plurality of political groups and struggles of influence between individuals. These different powers (great territorial princes, modest lordships, oligarchy and local aristocracy), whose seigniories and castral domains obtrude along this river, can make spaces, politics, societies and economy interact together to explain the dynamic phenomena that relate to the road, river and castles of the territories observed. This study is enriched by the analysis of archives collected, in nine departmental archive repositories, at the National Library of France (BnF), at the national archives of France or at the Public Record Office of London. This historical work focuses on the various actors of power bordering the Lot and their instruments of land domination in order to understand their logic of power and territorial management regardless of their social rank
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Lovell, Michael Anthony. "Church Reunification: Pope Urban II’s Papal Policy Towards the Christian East and Its Demise." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/38.
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The relations between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church have long been studied over the years in academia. Much focus has been placed upon the Fourth Crusade as the final act that brought the schism of 1054 into full development between the two churches. However, it was during the First Crusade that the Roman Catholic Church made its first concrete efforts to repair relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church. Yet such efforts were eventually twisted to suit the purposes of some of the crusading lords, and thus becoming arguably the largest blow to church reunification because it lead to the permanent formation of an anti-Greek attitude in Latin Europe.
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De, Lambert Breghot du Lut Frédérique. "Laurent de Montchenu (1726-1802), commandant en second pour le Roi en Vivarais et Velay : introduction à l’édition commentée de sa correspondance administrative pour les années 1788 et 1789." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30051/document.
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Laurent de Montchenu naît le 14 décembre 1726 dans le Dauphiné dans une famille de noblesse ancienne. Après ses études à Louis le Grand, il devient page de la Petite Écurie puis de la Grande Écurie de 1742 à 1745. Puis il rentre dans les gardes du corps du roi, compagnie Écossaise. Son mariage en 1763 avec Marie-Angélique de Busson de Bussy, lui apporte l’aisance financière. En 1780, il est nommé commandant en second en Vivarais, et s’installe à Tournon jusqu’en 1789. Il bénéficie de la proximité du château familial à Châteauneuf-de-Galaure. Sous les ordres de Gabriel Marie de Talleyrand Périgord dit le comte de Périgord, commandant en chef du Languedoc, il travaille aussi avec le vicomte de Cambis, commandant en second à Montpellier, qu’il remplace plusieurs fois. Il assure également le remplacement du comte de Périgord pour le retour du Parlement à Toulouse en 1788. Laurent de Montchenu reçoit l’aide précieuse du commandant particulier Jean Bruno Frévol de La Coste, et des subdélégués de l’intendance ainsi que du commandement. Sa fonction de commandant en second apparaît dans sa correspondance qui comprend plus de 3200 lettres entre 1780 et 1789, dont 800 pour les années 1788 et 1789. Cette correspondance dévoile ses différents interlocuteurs et révèle son rôle de commandant en second centré sur la vie militaire et la sûreté et sécurité publique dans la région troublée du Vivarais. En 1789, alors que Laurent de Montchenu espère une promotion avec le départ du vicomte de Cambis, le système administratif de l’Ancien Régime disparaît. Il rentre à Paris et meurt le 15 avril 1802 dans son hôtel rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré<br>Laurent de Montchenu was born in the Dauphiné on 14 December 1726 to an old aristocratic family. After completeing his secondary education at Louis le Grand, he became a page boy at the Petite Écurie and then at the Grande Écurie from 1742 to 1745. His career then led him to the Scottish Ensigns. His wedding to Marie-Angélique de Busson de Bussy in 1763 ensured his financial well-being. In 1780 he was appointed second-in-command in Tournon, in the Vivarais region, a post which he kept until 1789. There he enjoyed the proximity of the Châteauneuf-de-Galaure family castle. Laurent de Montchenu was under the orders of Garbiel Marie de Talleyrand Périgord, known as Count of Périgord, who was the commander-in-chief of the Languedoc region. He worked with the Viscount of Cambis, second-in-command in Montpellier, whom he replaced several times. He stood in for the Count of Périgord to ensure the return of the Toulouse Parliament in 1788. He received precious help from Special Commander Jean Bruno Frévol de la Coste. He was also helped by the subdelegates of the Supply Corps and of the Command as well as by the constabulary. His role as second-in-command appears in his correspondence, which contains over 3200 letters for the period going from 1780 to 1789 and 800 just for the 1788-1789 period. These letters show who his various interlocutors were and describe his role as second-in-command, which revolved around military life and consisted in ensuring public safety and order in the often troubled Vivarais region. In 1789, just as Laurent de Montchenu was hoping for promotion after the departure of the Viscount of Cambis, the administrative system of the Ancien Regime disappeared. He returned to Paris and died in April 1802 in his Montchenu mansion on rue du Faubourg Saint Honoré
Książki na temat "Toulouse county"
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Le comté de Tripoli: État multiculturel et multiconfessionnel (1102-1289). Geuthner, 2010.
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Martinazzo, Estelle. Toulouse au Grand Siècle: Le rayonnement de la Réforme catholique : 1590-1710. Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2015.
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Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail. Centre de recherche "Cultures anglo-saxonnes.", ed. The rhetoric of fiction in Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe", Graham Swift's "Waterland", and William H. Gass's "In the heart of the heart of the country": Colloque de Toulouse, 17 et 18 janvier 1992. Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail, 1992.
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Lippiatt, G. E. M. Duke of Narbonne and Count of Toulouse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805137.003.0007.
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Simon’s dynamism failed just as his crusade reached its zenith in the acquisition of the county of Toulouse. Though Simon’s introduction of French feudal patterns and antiheretical policies stood in stark contrast to the government of his Raymondine predecessors, their dynastic eminence offered more incentive to maintain iconographic continuity and cultivate ties with traditionally favoured abbeys. As in the viscounties, cultivation of local nobles, appointment of French followers to key posts, preservation of urban liberties, and patronage of Cistercians and bishops all undergirded Simon’s regime. But even with this broad base of support, Simon was finally undone by the southern resurgence that focused on the fatal exception to his characteristic urban lenience: Toulouse. His inability to accommodate the independence of his ostensible capital allowed it to serve as a rallying point for the disaffected aristocracy of the region, and it was before its walls that Simon met his bloody end.
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Baum, Harry Neal. Count Raymond of Toulouse. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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Baum, Harry Neal. Count Raymond of Toulouse. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.
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Baum, Harry Neal. Count Raymond of Toulouse. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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Ponzio, Michael A. Ramon Pons: Count of Toulouse. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018.
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War with the Saints: Count Raymond of Toulouse, and the Crusade Against the Albigenses under Pope I. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Toulouse county"
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Wiedemann, Benedict. "State-Making." In Papal Overlordship and European Princes, 1000-1270. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192855039.003.0006.
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When Innocent III proclaimed a Crusade against heretics in the south of France, it led, eventually, to the deposition of the count of Toulouse, Raymond VI. One of Raymond’s territories—the county of Melgueil—had an ancient (though vague) relationship with the papacy. The bishop of Maguelone used this relationship to justify his own possession of the county (granted to him, at his request, by the pope). In the process the bishop and the other claimants to the county established that Melgueil was a papal ‘fief’ (feudum)—a term not applied to the county before. Once the bishop had taken possession, he instrumentalized papal authority to build up his power against both internal and external enemies.
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Martines, Vicent. "The Treaty of Meaux-Paris (1228)." In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6614-5.ch001.
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The authors analyze the Treaty of Meaux-Paris (1228) signed between France and Toulouse. It has extraordinary relevance as it establishes the terms of the application of French law over the powerful county of Toulouse and by extension over Occitan lands, as the result of the Battle of Muret (1213). They offer the first translation ever (into English) of this treaty and they analyze it as the legal rendering of the centralized expansion of the French Crown on its way towards becoming an absolutist monarchy. They also study for the first time this treaty in comparison to the Decrees of Nova Planta issued in Spain between 1707-1716 by a king of French origin which represented the fulfillment of an authoritarian process that began in France in the 13th century. The treaty and the decrees used the concept of the “just right of conquest,” which provided a (debatable) legitimacy to the interests of the winning parties. They analyze literary texts such as the Cançó de la Croada as well as historical contemporary accounts creation of a Catalan collective identity.
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"Edict of Count Raymond VII of Toulouse, 1233." In Heresy and inquisition in France, 1200-1300, edited by John H. Arnold and Peter Biller. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781784997267.00048.
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Stadermann, Christian. "Between Rome and Toulouse : The Catholic Episcopate in the regnum Tolosanum (418–507)." In Leadership, Social Cohesion, and Identity in Late Antique Spain and Gaul (500–700). Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725958_ch07.
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The Visigothic kings of the fifth and early sixth centuries adopted a tough stance towards the Catholic episcopate in Gaul. While this has been attributed to the missionary zeal of the ‘Arians’, more recent studies suggest their aim was to strengthen political cohesion: The measures imposed were meant to break resistance of powerful authorities within and to reduce influence of those beyond the borders of the Visigothic kingdom. It is assumed that the Roman Empire used the Catholic Church to exert influence on Visigothic Gaul, turning the Catholic faith into a central element of Roman identity; yet many aspects of this argument have never received an in-depth discussion. This chapter examines the relations between the Catholic episcopate in Gaul, Rome, and the Visigothic court at Toulouse.
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Kelly, Douglas. "Translatio Poetriae." In Filologie medievali e moderne. Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-137-9/005.
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The Occitan treatises on the art of poetry are among the earliest vernacular arts of poetry. However, they adapt the pedagogy of the classroom implicit in Latin treatises like the Poetria nova to the court milieu beginning in the thirteenth century. This paper illustrates this development by comparing the new vernacular art with the Latin art found in Geoffrey’s treatise and commentaries on it as well as in other treatises written and commented on in the twelfth-thirteenth centuries and beyond. The Occitan treatises were written for laymen; although ignorant of Latin, they wished to write in the style of the early troubadours but with adaptations to the new subject matters of fin’amors. Key documents include the different versions of Guilhem Molinier’s Leys d’Amors written for the Toulouse consistory as well as some Catalan courts. An important feature of this emerging vernacular art is the imitation and emulation of recognised masterpieces of the art, including the ‘ancient troubadours’ and some Latin pieces, as the vernacular art evolved under supervision of the Inquisition. These changes are evident in the works of model poets such as N’At de Mons and Ramon de Cornet on whom I focus in this paper. Latin pedagogy is evident in the Occitan treatises these authors exemplify, but with adaptations to the new vernacular. The troubadour influence went north to some French courts and beyond. The role of intermediaries that link different vernaculars will be briefly noted in conclusion, a rayonnement not unlike that identified in Woods’ study on the diffusion in Europe of the Poetria nova and commentary on it.
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"From Count to King: The Capitols’ Struggle to Maintain Control over the Legal Structure of Toulouse." In Municipal Officials, Their Public, and the Negotiation of Justice in Medieval Languedoc. BRILL, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004234659_003.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Toulouse county"
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Cauhopé, Marion, François Duchêne, and Marie-Christine Jaillet. Impact d'une catastrophe sur l'avenir d'un site industriel urbain. Les cas de Lyon et Toulouse. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/730gkb.
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La recherche présentée ici s’intéresse aux processus de qualification et de déqualification d’espaces industriels situés en milieu urbain. En effet, à partir de l’étude des arbitrages entre recherche de sécurité et développement urbain dans le contexte particulier d’un site industriel sinistré, il s’agit de voir en quoi la catastrophe s’impose comme un temps brutal, et parfois irréversible, de déqualification d’un espace dédié jusque-là à l’industrie. Ces travaux entendent montrer comment s’opèrent les arbitrages en situation de crise, la prégnance de la catastrophe et de l’émotion qu’elle suscite dans les décisions à court terme. L’un de leurs intérêts réside dans la mise en perspective de deux cas de sites sinistrés. Il s’agit tout d’abord du pôle chimique sud-toulousain, dévasté par l’explosion dans l’usine d’engrais AZF le 21 septembre 2001. Cet accident a entraîné la mort de 31 personnes, des blessures pour de nombreuses autres, et de multiples dégâts matériels dans toute la ville de Toulouse. L’autre cas concerne l’incendie du dépôt pétrolier Shell dans le port industriel Édouard Herriot de Lyon en juin 1987, ayant causé la mort de deux personnes.