Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Tone (phonetics)”
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1
TODA, Takako. "ACOUSTIC QUANTIFICATION OF TONE SPREADING IN DAISHAN AND MENDE". Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 18, nr 1 (12.03.1989): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-90000309.
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This paper examines the nature of ‘tone spreading’ in Daishan , a northern Wu dialect of Chinese, from the viewpoint of acoustic phonetics. It compares the mean falling fundamental frequency (FO) contour of disyllabic lexical items with that of monosyllabic citation forms in order to investigate if they are the same. The result shows that they are nearly identical, and therefore, demonstrates phonetic tone spreading as well as phonological tone spreading Acoustic data from Mende (Kupa Mende : Sierra Leone) are then presented and contrasted with those of Daishan. It is shown that the contouricity of the F О in fact differs between these two varieties. This result brings into question the autosegmentally based representation of tones using non-contour features such as HL, which has been commonly applied to the analysis of Wu tone sandhi. Finally, it is suggested that unitary contour features of tone, such as [falling], be applied in the case of Daishan tone spreading.
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Duan, Yanhua, Yonghong Li, Li Ma i Xianghe Meng. "Experimental Study on Monosyllabic Tones in the Dunhuang Hedong Dialect". BCP Education & Psychology 11 (21.12.2023): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/pr1tgm58.
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This article uses experimental phonetics to study the tones of the Dunhuang Hedong dialect. It analyzes the tone types of the Dunhuang Hedong dialect and discusses the fundamental frequency changes and pitch range of each tone type. The experimental results show that the Dunhuang Hedong dialect has four tone types: the dark level tone (213), the light level tone (24), the rising tone (51), and the departing tone (44). The main purpose of this article is to provide an objective description of the actual situation of monosyllabic tones in the Dunhuang Hedong dialect through detailed and accurate data analysis. It summarizes the tone classes and values of monosyllabic tones and provides a certain reference value for future in-depth studies of the Dunhuang dialect.
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Gope, Amalesh. "The Phonetics of Tone and Voice Quality Interactions in Sylheti". Languages 6, nr 4 (23.09.2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6040154.
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This paper examines the phonetic interactions of tone and voice qualities in Sylheti. Data from six native speakers are examined to understand the voice qualities of the vowels carrying contrastive tones. The results identify three spectral measures (viz., H1*–H2*, H1*–A2*, and H1*–A3*) and one noise measure (viz., CPP) as reliable indicators of modal (or in the continuum of modal to tense) vs. breathy (or, in the continuum of breathy to lax) phonation contrasts in the vowels carrying high and low tone, respectively. Finally, a statistical model is proposed that predicts consistent phonation contrasts across the total duration of the contrastive tones.
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kizi, Xolmurodova Madina Alisher. "PHONETIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH DIALECTS". American Journal of Philological Sciences 4, nr 4 (1.04.2024): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume04issue04-08.
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The article examines the term dialect is often used in the sense of regional, local or geographic varieties of a language mainly used in oral speech. A language belongs to a nation or nations, as English does, therefore it is a social phenomenon, understandable by all its members. A language is not a complex combination of individual speech forms. The phonetic and phonological features of a language dialect relationship, natural bilingualism and also some types of speech communities classified by their social characteristics are studiedin a new branch of phonetics, namely social phonetics. Idiolects and dialect speakers are identifiable by their sounds, tone or melody, words and also by expressions and constructions by their phonetics, grammatical, lexical and stylistic features. The distinction between language and dialect is based on the criterion of functional approach.
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Kim, Sung-A. "Phonetic Assessment of Tone Spreading". Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 24, nr 1 (25.08.1998): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v24i1.1237.
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Zhang, Jie, i Yuwen Lai. "Testing the role of phonetic knowledge in Mandarin tone sandhi". Phonology 27, nr 1 (16.04.2010): 153–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675710000060.
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AbstractPhonological patterns often have phonetic bases. But whether phonetic substance should be encoded in synchronic phonological grammar is controversial. We aim to test the synchronic relevance of phonetics by investigating native Mandarin speakers' applications of two exceptionless tone sandhi processes to novel words: the contour reduction 213→21/—T (T≠213), which has a clear phonetic motivation, and the perceptually neutralising 213→35/—213, whose phonetic motivation is less clear. In two experiments, Mandarin subjects were asked to produce two individual monosyllables together as two different types of novel disyllabic words. Results show that speakers apply the 213→21 sandhi with greater accuracy than the 213→35 sandhi in novel words, indicating a synchronic bias against the phonetically less motivated pattern. We also show that lexical frequency is relevant to the application of the sandhis to novel words, but cannot account alone for the low sandhi accuracy of 213→35.
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Coupe, Alexander R. "Northern Sangtam phonetics, phonology and word list". Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 43, nr 1 (28.08.2020): 147–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.19014.cou.
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Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive phonetic and phonological description of Northern Sangtam, an essentially undescribed Tibeto-Burman language of central Nagaland belonging to the Aoic subgroup. It is a noteworthy language from a number of phonological perspectives, not least because its phoneme inventory contains two of the world’s rarest phonemes: a pre-stopped bilabial trill, and a doubly-articulated labial-coronal nasal. These unique segments are described in detail, and an attempt is made to determine how they might have developed their phonemic status. The tone system is also of interest, as it demonstrates evidence of debuccalization resulting in the development of a new high tone. Following a systematic description of the syllable and word structure, the tone system, and the segmental phonology, some observed age-related differences in the phoneme inventory are discussed. The paper is linked to an online repository containing the audio-visual data and transcribed word lists of approximately 900 items, based on the recorded utterances of eight speakers.
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KUZNETSOVA, Halyna. "STRESS IN THE METHODICAL TRAINING SYSTEM PHONETICS OF FUTURE TEACHERS-PHILOLOGISTS". Cherkasy University Bulletin: Pedagogical Sciences, nr 3 (2022): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31651/2524-2660-2022-3-56-66.
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The article deals with the essence of stress in the methodical training system phonetics of future teachers-philologists. Based on systemic, analytic-synthetic methods and competence approach the essence of the concept «methodical training system phonetics» is defined, specific principles of training phonetics are designed in the article. The study revealed that the main components in the structure of the methodical training system phonetics are the goals, content, methods, means, and organizational forms of educational process that aimed to achiev the result of training phonetics. It should be noted that the cognitive-knowledge component of methodical system, which ensures a high level mastery of the phonetics program results and forming of future teacher-philologist’s practical competencies for successful communication in society is based on the content of the phonetic-phonological system as a regularly constructed and interconnected set of segmental and suprasegmental phonetics units. It is proved that the stress as a supersegmental phenomenon combines the segmental units into a single integrated system, determines the intonation-rhythmic background of speech, characterizes it by strength, duration and tone; creates clear auditory contrasts, adapts speech to listening and perception. A system of exercises (motivational-oriented, cognitive-activity, analytic-synthetic, accentuation-acoustic) is proposed, that will contribute the mastery of stress doctrine and will be an accentological background in the phonetics learning system of future teachers-philologists. The stress genesis in proto-Indian (Vedic Sanskrit) and proto-Greek languages, based on the comparative-historical method is observed; its term characteristics, features of graphic notation, types, tonic dynamics, rules of stress were clarified in the article. The influence of pre-stress on the accent features of the Ukrainian language formation, on the design of future teachers-philologists’ stress teaching methods is determined.
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Dassanayake, Noel. "Production of Mandarin Chinese Tones by Sri Lankan CFL Learners: An Acoustic Analysis". Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Learning 8, nr 1 (24.03.2023): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/ftl.v8i1.16536.
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Tonal variation in Mandarin forms a relationship with the meanings of words at a lexical level. Tones and tone sandhi are considered distinctive features of Mandarin Chinese phonetics; thus, acquiring accurate Mandarin pronunciation is challenging for speakers of other languages. The present study examined the production of Mandarin tones by Sri Lankan learners through acoustic analysis of f0 using Praat. The study participants were seven (n=7) undergraduate students at intermediate-level Chinese. Each participant recorded a sample of 20 elements, totaling 140 at three tiers: isolation, disyllabic form, and synthesis. The recorded acoustic data were analyzed using Praat 5.4.04 and SPSS Statistics 21. The results indicated that the mean f0 values of the realization of the four tones by the informants are heterogenous at all three tiers. The realization of T3 demonstrated a low accuracy, while T2 was realized with the highest accuracy at all three tiers. As revealed by the tone sandhi analysis, participants have resorted to the underlying representation of the tone sandhi than the surface realization.
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Xu, Xiang. "An Experimental Study of Tone and Tone Sandhi in Baoding Dialect". Learning & Education 10, nr 3 (7.11.2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i3.2445.
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This paper analyzes the tone and tone sandhi of Baoding dialect by means of experimental phonetics. So far, only Li Zihe has conducted typological research on the tone sandhi of Baoding dialect in 2008. By using statistical methods, his paper summarizes the common characteristics of tone types and tone sandhi in northern dialects, and then investigates the two-character tone sandhi in Baoding dialect from the perspective of typology. This paper uses Praat to analyze the tone and tone sandhi of Baoding dialect and tries to give an objective description. In this paper, we obtain the data from the pronunciation of the native speakers of Baoding dialect. The data were collected from the native speakers of Baoding dialect by recording their pronunciation of the citation syllables and disyllabic sequence. The collected data were given a careful and detailed acoustic analysis by Praat. This study is the first attempt to analyze the tone and tone sandhi in Baoding dialect using the Praat. Comparing the present study with the previous study of Mandarin in terms of citation tones, it is found that T2 (43) is different in both pitch values and tonal shape; T1 and T4 are different in pitch values but not tonal shapes; T3 is the same in both pitch values and tonal shape. In terms of tone sandhi, the third tone T3 changed significantly in disyllabic sequence.
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Turnbull, Rory. "The phonetics and phonology of lexical prosody in San Jerónimo Acazulco Otomi". Journal of the International Phonetic Association 47, nr 3 (18.10.2016): 251–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100316000384.
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San Jerónimo Acazulco Otomi (SJAO) is an underdescribed and endangered Oto-Manguean language spoken in central Mexico. This paper provides an analysis of the phonology of tonal contrasts in SJAO and the phonetics of their realization based on pitch pattern data derived from audio recordings of citation forms of SJAO words. Each SJAO lexical word has one and only one tonal sequence – either /H/ or /HL/. This sequence is underlyingly associated with one syllable in the word. Other syllables are not specified for tone, and their phonetic realization is predictable depending on their position relative to the tonal syllable. A phonetic analysis revealed that underlyingly-tonal syllables are phonetically distinct from non-tonal syllables: those with /H/ are produced with greater vocal effort (measured by spectral tilt), and those with /HL/ are longer, louder, and bear a higher f0 (fundamental frequency), compared with non-tonal syllables. This analysis differs from previous accounts of lexical prosody in other Otomi varieties, which have either described a three-way system of high, low, and rising tones contrasting on every stem syllable, or a system where one syllable per word is assigned a stress-like ‘accent’. This difference from previous analyses suggests that there is a third possible characterization of lexical prosody for Otomi, which is appropriate for SJAO and potentially other understudied varieties.
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Cho, Taehong, Dong Jin Kim i Sahyang Kim. "Prosodic strengthening in reference to the lexical pitch accent system in South Kyungsang Korean". Linguistic Review 36, nr 1 (23.02.2019): 85–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2018-2008.
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Abstract Theories of the phonetics-prosody interface suggest that prosodic strengthening that arises with prosodic structuring is not simply a low-level phonetic phenomenon, but it serves as a phonetic hallmark of a higher-order prosodic structure in reference to linguistic (phonological) contrast. The present study builds on this theoretical premise by examining acoustic realization of the phonological tonal contrast in the lexical pitch accent system of South Kyungsang (SK) Korean. Results showed that phonetic realization of F0 and the degree of glottalization (as reflected in spectral tilt measures such as H1-A1c and H1-A3c) of vowels in vowel-initial words were systematically modulated by the higher-order prosodic structure, and that the prosodic-structural modulation gave rise to distinct prosodic strengthening effects as a function of the source of prosodic strengthening. In particular, the prominence-induced strengthening (due to focus) entailed a phonetic polarizing effect on the F0 contrast in a way that enhances the phonological High vs. Low tone contrast. The boundary-induced strengthening effect, on the other hand, could be better understood as enhancing the phonetic clarity of prosodic junctures. The distinct prosodic strengthening effects were further evident in the way that glottalization was fine-tuned according to prosodic structure and phonological (tonal) contrast. Prosodic strengthening effects were also found to interact with intrinsic vowel height, implying that the low-level phonetic effect may be under speaker control in reference to higher-order prosodic and phonological contrast systems of the language. Finally, the results informed a theoretical debate regarding whether the Low tone that contrasts with the High tone in word-initial position should be considered lexically specified vs. post-lexical assigned.
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Wu, Wei. "Rules for Connecting the Tones of Two-Syllable Words in Beijing Mandarin". Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 4, nr 1 (10.02.2010): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-00401008.
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When two Chinese syllables are uttered sequentially, the tone of each syllable has its own pitch and contour. Two adjacent tones in spontaneous speech must overcome the contradictions in pitch and contour in order to form a tonally smooth unit, and there must be some rules governing the process. Taking the tonal pattern of two-syllable words in Beijing Mandarin as the object of study and based on analyses of experimental phonetics, this paper reveals three rules in connecting two tones in actual speech, namely connection at the same pitch level, connection with pitch adjustment, and connection with highlighting.
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Wu, Wei. "Rules for Connecting the Tones of Two-Syllable Words in Beijing Mandarin". Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 4, nr 1 (24.01.2010): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526963-90000522.
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When two Chinese syllables are uttered sequentially, the tone of each syllable has its own pitch and contour. Two adjacent tones in spontaneous speech must overcome the contradictions in pitch and contour in order to form a tonally smooth unit, and there must be some rules governing the process. Taking the tonal pattern of two-syllable words in Beijing Mandarin as the object of study and based on analyses of experimental phonetics, this paper reveals three rules in connecting two tones in actual speech, namely connection at the same pitch level, connection with pitch adjustment, and connection with highlighting.
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Siyu, Wu. "Phonetics relating stance-taking in tonal languages-examples from Mandarin Interjections". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, nr 3_Supplement (1.03.2024): A314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027636.
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Previous studies on phonetics and stance-taking mainly focused on non-tonal languages. In this study, we found that tone variation could affect the perception of stance information. The study includes a production experiment and a perception experiment which is aimed to evaluate the stance polarity and stance strength. When the tone was nearer to its citation form as its duration got longer, the participants were more likely to identify the stance information as positive or negative. This gives us insight that there may be a express-inference process during the perception of stance-taking.
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Rose, Phil. "Phonetics and phonology of Yang tone ; phonation types in Zhenhai". Cahiers de linguistique - Asie orientale 18, nr 2 (1989): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/clao.1989.1304.
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Rose, Phil. "PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY OF YANG TONE PHONATION TYPES IN ZHENHAI". Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 18, nr 2 (12.03.1989): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-90000316.
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L'auteur donne une description perceptuelle, acoustique et physiologique des modes phonatoires - chuchottement, voix chuchottée, et "grondement", qui caractérisent les syllabes aux tons yang du dialecte Wu de Zhenhai. Il en discute également les implications phonologiques.
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A., Oladimeji Olaide, i Opoola Bolanle T. "Ikhin Tone and Nasality: Autosegmental Effects". Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, nr 4 (1.07.2021): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1204.11.
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In generative phonology, tone and nasality are described as suprasegmental phonological units. This implies that their survival depends on the segments on which they are grounded. Thus, when a tone bearing unit or nasality bearing unit disappears, any of these segments also disappears. In autosegmental theory, however, tone or nasality survives after the deletion of segment to which it is attached. This phenomenon is termed ‘stability’ which is the foundation for autosegmental phonological theory. Stability is the survival of tone and nasality after the deletion of segments on which they are grounded. Tone and nasality exhibit stability in Ikhin, a North-Central Edoid language spoken in Edo State, South-South, Nigeria. Previous study on Ikhin dwells mainly on the phonetics of the language. This study, therefore, investigates phonological processes such as vowel elision, glide formation and nasalization with a view to determining the stability or otherwise of tone and nasality. This paper confirms that in Ikhin, any process that involves the removal of a tone bearing unit must relate to stability and relate to the creation of contour tones. The study further confirms that nasality remains stable even in the absence of segment to which it is linked. Based on available data, it is argued that the deletion of a Tone Bearing Unit (TBU) or a Nasality Bearing Unit (NBU) does not necessarily involve the deletion of tone or nasality. Infact, it usual does not. The study concludes that tone and nasality are independent segments. They are as independent as consonant and vowel.
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Kuznetsova, Halyna. "SUPRASEGMENTAL PHONOLOGICAL UNITS IN LINGUODIDACTIC TRAINING OF FUTURE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE TEACHERS". Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Modern School, nr 2(10) (31.10.2023): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2706-6258.2(10).2023.290563.
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This publication examines linguistic and linguodidactic sources on the study and mastery of suprasegmental phonetic units, including stress, intonation, pauses, and prosody. The research is conducted using methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparison. The acoustic, perceptual, and functional characteristics of these suprasegmental features are explored. It is revealed that in the field of linguodidactics, the information regarding suprasegmental phonetic elements is often simplified, with limited consideration given to the theoretical and methodological foundations of prosody and intonation. Furthermore, the connection between these suprasegmental features and the accentual subsystem of phonetics is not consistently traced.The content of the case study titled “Suprasegmental Phonetic Units in the Methodological System of Teaching Phonetics to Future Ukrainian Literature Teachers” has been developed and made open for discussion, critical analysis, and enhancement within the interactive technology of the “Linguodidactic Studio”. The content of the case study aims at facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the linguistic material concerning the suprasegmental level of language, which represents both prosody and intonation and is viewed differently by researchers. The linguistic units at this level include accentemes, prosodemes, and intonemes. It has been observed that in spoken language, accentemes correlate with stress, while prosodemes and intonemes correlate with stress, tempo, timbre, rhythm, tone, melody, loudness, and pauses. Considering this, the case study includes research on the interconnectedness of the accentual system of the Ukrainian language with intonation and prosody, as well as the influence of stress on the functioning of a combination of prosodic and intonational components that overlay segmental phonetic units such as sounds, syllables, consonant clusters, rhythmic structures, phrases, and sentences. Through an analysis of the locational sphere of intonation (phrase segments) and prosody (all speech segments, from syllables to text), their relationship has been clarified. It is argued that suprasegmental units in linguodidactics can be studied within the structure of the accentological sub-level.
Keywords: Suprasegmental Units of Phonetics; Stress; Prosody; Intonation; Accentological Sublevel; Teacher-Wordist; Linguistic Case; “Linguodidactic Studies”.
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McPherson, Laura, i Michael Obiri-Yeboah. "Akan tone encoding across musical modalities". Studies in African Linguistics 52, nr 1and2 (28.04.2024): 160–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.52.1and2.133067.
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Musical surrogate languages like talking drums remain understudied in the linguistics literature, despite their close connection with the phonetics and phonology of the spoken language. African surrogate languages tend to be based on tone, making them a unique angle for studying a language’s tonal system. This paper looks at the encoding of Akan tone in three instrumental surrogate languages: the atumpan drums, the seperewa harp, and the abɛntia horn trumpet. Each instrument presents different organological constraints that could shape how the tone system is transposed to musical form. Drawing on novel data elicited with musicians in Ghana, we show that all three systems are built on a two-tone foundation mirroring the Akan tone system, but with subtle differences in the treatment of downstep and intonational effects like phrase-final lowering and lax question intonation.
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Kachmarchyk, Volodymyr, i Nataliia Kachmarchyk. "J. G. Tromlitz’s Articulatory Phonetics in Flute Sound Formation". Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 66, nr 2 (grudzień 2021): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2021.2.15.
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"The paper considers articulatory phonetics and specific features of its use in flute performance. The historical stages presented of phonemic bases formation and development for flute articulation during the 16-18 centuries. Flute treatises by S. Ganassi, J.-M. Hotteterre, A. Mahaut, Ch. DeLusse, J. J. Quantz are considered in chronological order, as well as analysis of “Auführlicher und gründlicher Unterricht die Flöte zu spielen” by J. G. Tromlitz. Technological aspects are disclosed of using various phonemic structures outside the speech process to develop tongue motility and generate various types of tonguing while playing the flute. The role is identified of і and а vowels in modelling instrument phonation mechanism and their influence on sound tone and volume. The main elements are highlighted of speech and vocal types for flute articulation, as well as their differences. The vocalization significance is analysed in relation to tone development and the instrument sound uniformity in the lower and upper registers. The significance is disclosed of J. G. Tromlitz’s contribution to the flute articulation development and his innovative vocalization approaches to phonation technique. Keywords: flute, articulation, phonetics, phonemic structures, vocalization, sound production, embouchure. "
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Fong, Ivan, Fenqi Wang, Kira Chan, Tyne Johnson-Dhillon, Jadeyn Trasolini, Dawn Behne, Allard Jongman, Joan Sereno i Yue Wang. "Phonetic adaptation in conversation: The case of Cantonese tone merging". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, nr 3_Supplement (1.03.2024): A314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027635.
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Phonetic adaptation occurs when one interlocutor adjusts their speech to converge to or diverge from that of their conversation partner to enhance intelligibility. While most research investigates segmental adaptations, our study focuses on suprasegmentals, specifically Cantonese tone merging. Some Cantonese speakers (“mergers”) are found to merge certain lexical tones (e.g., mid-level Tone3 and low-level Tone6), which may cause confusions when interacting with non-merger speakers. Previous research has shown that a merger may unmerge a level tone pair (Tone3/Tone6) when shadowing a non-merger. However, still unclear is whether such changes result from automatic acoustic mimicking or reflect goal-oriented adaptations for intelligibility benefits. This study uses an unscripted conversation task involving a merger and a non-merger playing a video game, where productions of merged tones may cause confusions, thus motivating goal-oriented adaptations. Initial acoustic analyses focus on average F0 and F0 taken at 10 points along the contour in target Tone3 and Tone6 productions by mergers. Differences in these values for Tone3 versus Tone6 provide evidence that a merger is unmerging the tone pair. Preliminary results show increasing unmerging trends as the task progresses, suggesting progressive alignment toward a non-merger’s productions for intelligibility gains.
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Dymova, A. V., i V. Yu Kareva. "Using the shadowing technique in teaching phonetics to linguistics students: challenges and potential solutions". Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Pedagogika i psihologiya, nr 4 (2023): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2221-5662-2023-4-35-41.
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The paper describes the use of the shadowing technique, which entails learners of the foreign language reading an authentic text together with the speaker in order to copy the rhythm and tempo, and connected speech peculiarities, thereby, improving their articulation, phonetic, lexical, grammatical, translation and other skills in the foreign language. According to the observations of other researchers, this method helps students improve articulation and intonation characteristics, and speech fluency; however, there is no comprehensive description of the issues discovered by the authors while using this method with the students of linguistic specialties in phonetics course. Based on the observations of 96 first-year students who study Linguistics and Pedagogy with the B1+ level according to the CEFR, the researchers have identified a number of challenges in using this method to teach students of the linguistic faculties. The students may face the following issues: 1) difficulties with making their own markings especially in the beginning of their studies; 2) skeptical attitude towards the changes made, trouble identifying the right tone; 3) reluctance of a particular percentage of students to spend enough time on self-study which this technique is predicated upon (in the current study, this was around a quarter of the students); 4) particular sound articulation challenges, difficulty copying English tones, as well as pronouncing long thought groups; 5) psychological barriers. The authors suggest potential solutions, such as using Praat software to analyze speech, measuring pitch and intensity to resolve markup disputes; emphasizing and illustrating the importance of studying the phonetic aspects of the language to achieve successful communication; targeted work with the articulation of sounds that are absent or different from Russian ones.
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Musta'in, Musta'in. "The Stylistics of Al-qu’ran: The Symbolic Meaning and Function of the Art of Reading Al-qur’an on the Context of Communication". Ijtimā'iyya: Journal of Muslim Society Research 3, nr 2 (28.09.2018): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/ijtimaiyya.v3i2.1923.
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The study the stylistics of the Qur'an cannot be separated from the concept of i'jaz al-Quran as a form of uniqueness and privilege of the language of Qur'an. When Qur'an was delivered to the Arab society, they had used high language and literature. By the emergence of the art of reading the Quran (nagham al-Quran) around the world, and it is believed as one of the forms of appreciation of the Qoran, Muslims in Indonesia receive and appreciate it with pleasure. The Musabaqoh Tilawatil Quran (MTQ), whish is held by the governments and non-governmental institutions of all levels, has been carried out on a regular and continuous basis. As a religious text, the Qur'an has a very high literary dimension. The Quran also has some aesthetic and musical-messaging dimensions. This paper attempts to discuss the stylistic styles of language in the aspects of the art of reading the Qoran with a single voice, without the accompaniment of musical instruments, and unrelated to musical tone. This is specifically used for tazyin al-Saut bi tilawah al-Quran. The approach used in this study is Al-Uslub al-Adabi or Literary Stilistica, which focuses on the level of persistence or phonology, which includes phonetics and phonemics. Phonetics is divided into three parts, namely; articulatory phonetic, acoustic phonetics, and auditory phonetics. The discussion on literary stylistics is cannot be separated from emotional aspects, not logical aspects. The analysis of literary stylistics in the art of reading al-Quran (nagham al-Quran) produces the effect of the reader's feelings, sensational feelings and spiritual feeling. Spiritual feeling is divided into religious, ethical, aesthetic, intellectual, social, and personal feeling. Meanwhile, in the aspects of communication generate understanding and scientific knowledge about the principles of transcendent communication, the principle of spiritual communication, the principle of human communication, and finally lead to the Principle of Quranic Communication.
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Sara, Solomon I. "Phonetics and phonology 1949–1989". Historiographia Linguistica 17, nr 1-2 (1.01.1990): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.17.1-2.15sar.
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Summary Phonetics and Phonology have had noticeable developments in the last forty years: phonetics from the articulatory descriptions of sounds of Pike’s Phonetics (1943), to a physiological set of distinctive features of Chomsky & Halle’s The Sound Pattern of English (1968); the acoustic displays of Potter’s Visible Speech (1947) to a set of acoustic distinctive features in Jakobson, Fant, Halle’s Preliminaries (1951). Suprasegmental characterizations have developed from impressionistic labels of tone, stress, length and intonation to an experimentally quantifiable set of parameters characterizing these aspects of speech in a unified manner in Lehiste’s Suprasegmentals (1970). Phonology progressed from the autonomous to the integrated, and from the structural to the transformational/generative, from Pike’s Phonemics (1947), and Trubetzkoy’s Grundzüge (1939) to a complex system of levels/tiers/strata that represent speech in a more detailed, holistic and integrated manner. Current approaches recognize not only the features and segments of the speech continuum, but the rules that organize these into the phonological system. Approaches to the explanation of this organization have been many: the segmental/sequential approach of American phonemicists, Praguian phonologists and early generativists developed into a phonological component that consists of segments, organized into syllables that pattern into rhythmic feet which constitute the geometry of the sequence as a multi level/tier/stratum. These developments are all considered generative, but labelled Natural-Generative, Autosegmental-Genera-tive, Non-Linear-Generative, Metrical-Generative, etc. ‘Generative’ is kept to maintain the twin characteristics of being integrated and rule governed. There has been a shift in the paradigm: from segments to features and from structural to transformational with significant developments in both paradigms in the last forty years.
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Panthi, Sunny, Mohit Kamra, Amrit Khosla, Atulya Sharma i Swati Kapoor. "Modified Complete Denture Prosthesis to Support Lip and Improve Speech in Completely Edentulous Patients with Neurological Problem—A Case Report". Dental Journal of Advance Studies 05, nr 03 (grudzień 2017): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672096.
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AbstractLip has an important role in esthetics and phonetics of an individual. Damage to marginal mandibular nerve leads to loss of motor function and muscle tone of the affected side of lip. Eventually, it leads to loss of both primary functions of lip. Various surgical approaches of treatment do exist, but the treatment time is long and results are often not satisfactory. Prosthetically, these patients can be managed with the help of lip plumber prosthesis. This case report presents simple and accurate method to restore the harmonious relation of the lip.
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Fujisaki, Hiroya. "The command‐response model for F0 contours and its application to phonetics and phonology of tone". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, nr 5 (listopad 2006): 3086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4787458.
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Stafecka, Anna. "Possible traces of Finnic influence in Latvian subdialect phonetics and morphology". Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 12, nr 2 (20.12.2021): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2021.12.2.03.
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This article discusses areas observed on geolinguistic maps showing Finnic or Finnic-like features in Latvian subdialects possibly resulting from Finnic influence. The Latvian dialect material analysed for this study shows that several such areas can be identified based on their phonetics and morphology: the Livonic dialect, the Selonic subdialects, certain Selonic subdialects on both banks of the Daugava River, certain subdialects in the former Leivu territory in northeastern Latvia near Alūksne and Gulbene, and a few subdialects in Zemgale near Bauska and Vecsaule where the Krevin Votians were settled. The shortening of word endings and generalisation of third-person verb forms is also quite regularly encountered in the subdialects spoken around Preiļi in Latgale. The least amount of language material is available about the Ludza Estonians or Lutsis who lived in eastern Latgale where their influence is seen in the tone system of the local subdialects.
Kokkuvõte. Anna Stafecka: Läänemeresoome mõju võimalikud jäljed läti murrakute foneetikas ja morfoloogias. Artikkel käsitleb läänemeresoome ja läänemeresoomepäraste joonte maa-alalist levikut läti murretes. Läti murdeainestik, mida on selle uurimuse jaoks analüüsitud, näitab, et foneetilise ja morfoloogilise eripära põhjal on võimalik määratleda mitu sellist mõjuala: liivipärased murded, teatud seeli murrakud Daugava jõe mõlemal kaldal, teatud Kirde-Läti Alūksne ja Gulbene ümbruse murrakud ajaloolisel leivu alal ning mõned semgali murrakud Bauska ja Vecsaule lähistel, kus kunagi elasid kreevini vadjalased. Sõnalõppude lühenemist ja kolmanda isiku verbivormide üldistumist on üsna regulaarselt märgitud ka Latgales Preiļi ümbruse murrakutes. Vähem on selliseid andmeid Ida-Latgalest Ludza eestlaste ehk lutside kunagistelt asualadelt. Siiski on seal lutsi mõju nähtav kohalike murrakute toonisüsteemis.
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Stewart, Jesse. "Intonation Patterns in Pijal Media Lengua". Journal of Language Contact 8, nr 2 (27.02.2015): 223–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00802003.
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Pijal Media Lengua (pml) is a mixed language described as having Quichua morphosyntactic and phonological systems where nearly every content word (89%), including pronouns and determiners, is replaced by its Spanish-derived counterpart through the process of relexification. pml speakers however, often regard their language as intonationally distinct from both Quichua and Spanish. This paper offers a basic description of the pitch accent and boundary tone configurations found in pml using the autosegmental framework (Pierrehumbert, 1980) in a ToBI transcription system (Silverman, 1984). This paper also explorers the current literature on mixed language phonetics and attempts to promote acoustic analyses of intonation as a useful investigative tool for analyzing the origins of prosodic material. The results suggest that pml predominantly makes use of Quichua-like intonation patterns along with innovative and/or preserved structures.
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Mykhailivna Bogush, Alla, Tetiana Mykhailivna Korolova i Oleksandra Volodymyrivna Popova. "A Comparative Analysis of English and Chinese Reading: Phonetics, Vocabulary and Grammar". Arab World English Journal, nr 3 (15.11.2020): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/elt3.22.
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The article covers the issues related to the development of reading skills of the students majoring/minoring in English and Chinese (as non-native languages). In the backdrop of linguistic differences between English and Chinese, this action research was conducted to investigate the components of the reading skills, which are to be developed within the Bachelor programs. The primary purpose of the article is to analyze the methodological background for teaching Ukrainian students to perceive information from authentic texts. The methods of induction and deduction enabled us to analyze and generalize the theoretical bases for the investigated topic, to systemize the results of the study (the reading tactics and strategies, classification of reading activities). The study was based on focused observation using the register as a tool for data collecting for two semesters each in three groups of third-year students at Ushynsky University. The total sample size was 54. The article presents an analysis of difficulties in reading English and Chinese texts: 1) phonological level – differences in sound pronunciation (English: /T/, /D/ /w/, /N/, /x/, etc.; Chinese: the alveolo-palatal consonants j, q, x; affricates zh, z; consonant r, etc.), the phonetic phenomena (English: nasal plosion, lateral plosion, loss of plosion, assimilation, reduction/elision, etc.; Chinese: tone, erization); 2) lexical level – conversion (in English) and transposition (in Chinese), homonymy, polysemy; 3) grammatical level – the division of lexicon into parts of speech, different word order in English and Chinese sentences, (non)segmentation of English and Chinese syntagms/clauses/compound sentences, use of tenses, etc. The article contains some recommendations for English and Chinese reading classrooms.
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Myers, Scott. "Erratum to “F0 timing in Luganda: Effects of phrase position and tone category” [Journal of Phonetics 85 (2021) 101027]". Journal of Phonetics 87 (lipiec 2021): 101077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2021.101077.
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KIM, Yu Young. "Development and Operation Result of Japanese Accent Perception Test Based on E-learning System". Acta Linguistica Asiatica 10, nr 1 (30.01.2020): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.10.1.56-86.
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Main purpose of this study is to find and build a model of Japanese accent perception practice at Japanese lessons in regular classrooms and those based on utilization of network and multimedia. Until now, Japanese phonetic researchers and teachers had to spend a disproportionate amount of time and effort to conduct experiments or test, and to develop the means to process resulting data of the experiments conducted. With the proposed [AJ-phonetic Test] system, accent tests are conducted online. In this respect, Japanese learners can take part in the phonetics experiment in a time and location convenient to them. Also, researchers and teachers can work on the obtained data by using the database available. Moreover, AJ-phonetic test feedbacks provide not only test results but also a more comprehensive data analysis. Results of the 12-year operation of AJ-phonetic test in Korea proved to have a positive effect on students as well as teachers. This paper present general guidelines necessary to conduct the AJ-phonetic test. Firstly, in case of Korean learners of Japanese, a separate set of words accentless pitch and those with accent pitch is needed because the two sets present different difficulty levels for a learner. Secondly, as the number of moras in a word affects the difficulty, we introduced dummy words, which proved successful in controling the level of difficulty and increasing learning effect. Besides, dummy words worked well as a substitute for low tone (frequency) long words as well for long words in general. Thirdly, since there are only few cases with a distinctive long-short opposition in Korean, Korean learners of Japanese have difficulties recognizing accents in words with special moras. Such words therefore need special attention. Finally, the ability of Korean learners of Japanese to recognize accent in Japanese words differs based of the learners’ native dialects. Best results were obtained by learners from the Jeonla-do region, followed by those from Gyeongsang-do region, while learners from Seoul had most difficulties in recognizing the accent. From all the above findings we conclude that Japanese accent education is highly necessary, and that in the process of education, both Japanese accent characteristics as well as learners’ native dialects should be considered.
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Otašević, Jadranka, i Božidar Otašević. "VOICE-BASED IDENTIFICATION AND CONTRIBUTION TO THE EFFICIENCY OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS". Journal of Criminology and Criminal Law 59, nr 2 (5.11.2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.59.2.4.
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Today, forensic voice identification is a powerful tool in the fight against crime, in situations where it is necessary to identify a suspect or to acquit an innocent person. In this type of expertise, multidisciplinary approach is applied in which several scientific disciplines are included - linguistics, phonetics, acoustics, psychology, mathematical statistics, law and criminalistics. The perpetrator’s voice is characterized by pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced i.e., a series of individual characteristics that make each individual's voice, regardless of the variations expressed, suitable for identification. Some of these characteristics are natural features, determined by hereditary and physiological factors, and some are acquired habits. The aim of this paper is to present the most commonly used procedures and methods of analysis-assessment of voice and speech in order to identify persons as well as more modern approaches to the analysis of the speech signal.
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Cardinali, Renata Fabiana, i Maria Celina Barbeito. "Developing intonation skills in English: A systemic functional linguistics perspective". Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 8, nr 1 (12.03.2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v8i1.3222.
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This paper explores whether the teaching of English intonation within the framework of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) contributes to the development of intonation skills of Argentine Spanish speakers to become teachers of English as a Foreign Language. The findings of the study that focused on the oral production of students in the first course of phonetics in the programme offered at the National University of Rio Cuarto are presented. This paper reports the analysis of recordings of first-year students reading an English text aloud and the results obtained in the pre- and post-tests reveal that there was improvement in students’ oral production such as in tone system considering the three systems of intonation in SFL after a series of training sessions. Hence, this approach seems promising for the development of intonation skills and oral skills in foreign language learners. These results favour for teacher trainers as well as for trainers
Keywords: EFL, intonation, systemic functional linguistics, teacher training.
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Myers, Scott. "Tone association and F₀ timing in Chichewa". Studies in African Linguistics 28, nr 2 (15.06.1999): 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v28i2.107375.
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In Chichewa (Bantu, Malawi), a high tone is realized as a peak in fundamental frequency (fO). In this study, the timing of fO peaks relative to the duration of the high-toned syllable was measured for high tones in phrase-medial, -penultimate and -final positions. No phonetic support was found for the assumption in the literature that a phrase-medial high tone is spread over two syllables. Instead, it was found that such a high tone is realized with a significantly later fO peak than a high tone in the last two syllables. On the other hand, support was found for Kanerva's proposal that a phrase-final high tone is shifted in phonological representation to the phrase-penultimate syllable.
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Tong, Xiuli, Catherine McBride i Denis Burnham. "Cues for Lexical Tone Perception in Children: Acoustic Correlates and Phonetic Context Effects". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, nr 5 (październik 2014): 1589–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-s-13-0145.
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Purpose The authors investigated the effects of acoustic cues (i.e., pitch height, pitch contour, and pitch onset and offset) and phonetic context cues (i.e., syllable onsets and rimes) on lexical tone perception in Cantonese-speaking children. Method Eight minimum pairs of tonal contrasts were presented in either an identical phonetic context or in different phonetic contexts (different syllable onsets and rimes). Children were instructed to engage in tone identification and tone discrimination. Results Cantonese children attended to pitch onset in perceiving similarly contoured tones and attended to pitch contour in perceiving different-contoured tones. There was a decreasing level of tone discrimination accuracy, with tone perception being easiest for same rime–different syllable onset, more difficult for different rime–same syllable onset, and most difficult for different rime–different syllable onset phonetic contexts. This pattern was observed in tonal contrasts in which the member tones had the same contour but not in ones in which the member tones had different contours. Conclusion These findings suggest that in addition to pitch contour, the pitch onset is another important acoustic cue for tone perception. The relative importance of acoustic cues for tone perception is phonetically context dependent. These findings are discussed with reference to a newly modified TRACE model for tone languages (TTRACE).
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Snider, Keith L. "Phonetic realisation of downstep in Bimoba". Phonology 15, nr 1 (sierpień 1998): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675798003534.
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Few phonological phenomena have so captured the attention of theorists and continued to baffle them as the phenomenon of tonal downstep. Downstep is the lowering of the tonal register that sometimes occurs between adjacent, otherwise identical tones. It is cumulative, and successive occurrences of the phenomenon result in ever lower settings of the tonal register. The present work reports on an instrumental study of downstep in Bimoba, a Gur language spoken in the Northern Region of Ghana. So far as I am aware, the present work is the only description in existence of tone in Bimoba.Bimoba is a good candidate for a study of downstep, because it is a ‘three-tone’ language in which both Low tones (floating and non-floating) and Mid tones cause High tones to be downstepped. A number of phonological studies (based on auditory impressions only) of three-tone languages with downstep of High tone have claimed that the difference in pitch between a High and a following Mid is equivalent to that between a High and a following downstepped High. These include Supyire (Carlson 1983), Babanki (Hyman 1979), Moba (Russell 1986) and Kagoro (van de Kolk 1992). This issue is important to tone theorists because a number of proposals on the theory of downstep formally equate a downstepped High with one type of Mid tone. These include Clements (1983), Hyman (1986, 1993), Inkelas (1987) and Snider (1990). On the other hand, a number of other proposals account for downstep with phonetic implementation rules. These include Pierrehumbert (1980), Poser (1984), Beckman & Pierrehumbert (1986) and Pierrehumbert & Beckman (1988). ‘If register shift is indeed a rule of phonetic implementation, there is no reason, a priori, for the interval of register shift to be equivalent to that found between two phonemic tones’ (Snider 1990: 470). So far as I am aware, no instrumental study has ever addressed this issue. The present study therefore undertakes to help fill this lacuna, and concludes that in Bimoba a Mid tone is phonetically indistinguishable from a downstepped High tone in comparable environments.
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Zahra, Tsurayya Yusra Zahirah, i Zhang Wei. "Excavation of the Suspect's Identity by Analysis of the Speaker Profiling Case Evidence of Fake Voice Recordings". NOTION: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Culture 5, nr 2 (6.11.2023): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/notion.v5i2.8038.
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Technological developments, especially in AI applications, allow someone to commit criminal acts by changing other people's voices. This study implements forensic linguistics by comparing data sources on the audio of Lesti (L) and Rizky Billar (RB) to ensure the originality of the sounds. The Speaker Profiling method with aural-perception analysis is used because there is no valid comparative evidence, so the audio comparison is taken from the L and RB platforms published to the public. This research resulted in two different aspects of each audio: phonetics and acoustics. These two aspects show the two audio sources' differences in pronunciation, emphasis, frequency, and tone. As a result, the vote is identified as a hoax. This research can demonstrate the use of software to help identify individual language profiles; it contributes to the development of applied linguistics, especially as a legal aid tool. Researchers hope that there will be further research from other linguists that will address more benefits of using AI / Corpus technology as a linguistic analysis tool, both with spoken and written data.
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Seara, Izabel Christine, i Juan Manuel Sosa. "A identidade dialetal do “manezinho” com foco em características entonacionais". Letras de Hoje 52, nr 1 (21.06.2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-7726.2017.1.25401.
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O falar “manezinho” é um dialeto não urbano do português brasileiro falado na Ilha de Santa Catarina que apresenta certas propriedades segmentais e suprassegmentais que o definem. Neste artigo, investigamos uma dessas propriedades suprassegmentais caracterizada pelo uso de um contorno declarativo particular, que exibe uma acentuada subida tonal até a sílaba tônica final, seguida por uma queda do tom alto para a parte inferior do registro do falante. Usamos dados provenientes do Projeto VARSUL como corpora de pesquisa, analisando esses dados a partir de uma metodologia da fonética experimental. Por meio de dois experimentos de percepção, mostramos que o contorno em questão, em notação autossegmental métrica (LH) ¡HL%, é reconhecido por um número muito significativo de ouvintes como sendo efetivamente o falar “manezinho”. As implicações para a sociofonética são os detalhes fonéticos quantitativos da queda tonal final, que dão a este contorno sua singularidade frente a outros dialetos.********************************************************************The "Manezinho" dialectal identity and its intonational featuresAbstract: "Manezinho" is a non-urban dialect of Brazilian Portuguese spoken in the Island of Santa Catarina, which has certain defining segmental and suprasegmental properties. This paper investigates one of these suprasegmental properties characterized by the use of a particular declarative contour, which shows a sharp tonal rise up to the final stressed syllable, followed by a drop from the high tone to the lower part of the speaker's range. We used datafrom the VARSUL Project as research corpus, analyzing these data with the methodology of experimental phonetics. By means of two perception tests, we show that the contour in question, in autosegmental-metrical notation (LH) ¡HL%, is recognized by a very significant number of listeners as being effectively “Manezinho”. The implications for sociophonetics are the quantitative phonetic details of the final tonal fall, which give this contour its uniquenessover other dialects.Keywords: Intonation; Brazilian Portuguese; “Manezinho”dialect; Sociophonetics
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Yu, Alan C. L. "Tonal context influences tone-duration interaction: Evidence from Cantonese". JASA Express Letters 3, nr 3 (luty 2023): 035203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0017517.
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Phonetic typological studies suggest that syllable duration is inversely correlated with the accompanying tone's approximate average f0, and tones with dynamic f0 movement tend to be in longer syllables rather than shorter ones. Systematic instrumental investigations on tone-duration interaction remain scant, however; existing studies might be confounded as tonal context may impact duration realization due to phonetic constraints on tonal movement. This study investigates the effect of tonal environment on the durational realization of tones in Cantonese, showing that tone-dependent duration variation is governed by the tonal context. Implications of these findings for existing phonetic typology concerning tone-duration interaction are discussed.
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Thamrin, Lily, Fika Tanira i Suhardi Suhardi. "Kajian Fonetik Bunyi Vokal Tunggal Bahasa Mandarin". Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 6, nr 1 (1.02.2023): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v6i1.554.
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This study aimed at describing the characteristics and differences in the Mandarin vowel sounds. This study involved a Chinese lecturer and two students of Mandarin Language Education FKIP Untan as research samples. The research data was in forms of Mandarin vocabulary which contains a single vowel. The PRAAT application was used to calculate the time, frequency, and intensity of the research object when uttering single vowel words. This study used experimental phonetics as a research method and presented the data in forms of tables and spectrogram images. The data retrieval method is through the PRAAT program with audio files (MP3). The study results show that pronunciation of a single vowel sound /o/ with the longest duration value from students and native speakers. The highest pitch value for native speakers is 315 Hz in single vowel /i/ and the highest pitch value for students when pronouncing words with single vowel /o/, with a voice frequency of 279.5 Hz. The highest native intensity value is for single vowel /ε/ with a value of 79.92 dB, single vowel /o/ is 79.96 dB for student speakers. The influence of tone errors is one factor that affects the resulting duration, pitch, and intensity values.
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Mok, Peggy Pik Ki, Vivian Guo Li i Holly Sze Ho Fung. "Development of Phonetic Contrasts in Cantonese Tone Acquisition". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, nr 1 (22.01.2020): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00152.
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Purpose Previous studies showed both early and late acquisition of Cantonese tones based on transcription data using different criteria, but very little acoustic data were reported. Our study examined Cantonese tone acquisition using both transcription and acoustic data, illustrating the early and protracted aspects of Cantonese tone acquisition. Method One hundred fifty-nine Cantonese-speaking children aged between 2;1 and 6;0 (years;months) and 10 reference speakers participated in a tone production experiment based on picture naming. Natural production materials with 30 monosyllabic words were transcribed by two native judges. Acoustic measurements included overall tonal dispersion and specific contrasts between similar tone pairs: ratios of average fundamental frequency height for the level tones (T1, T3, T6), magnitude of rise and inflection point for the rising tones (T2, T5), magnitude of fall, H1*–H2*, and harmonic-to-noise ratio for the low tones (T4, T6). Auditory assessment of creakiness for T4 was also included. Results Children in the eldest group (aged 5;7–6;0) were still not completely adultlike in production accuracy, although two thirds of them had production accuracy over 90%. Children in all age groups had production accuracy significantly higher than chance level, and they could produce the major acoustic contrasts between specific tone pairs similarly as reference speakers. Fine phonetic detail of the inflection point and creakiness was more challenging for children. Conclusion Our findings illustrated the multifaceted aspects (both early and late) of Cantonese tone acquisition and called for a wider perspective on how to define successful phonological acquisition. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11594853
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So, Connie K., i Catherine T. Best. "PHONETIC INFLUENCES ON ENGLISH AND FRENCH LISTENERS’ ASSIMILATION OF MANDARIN TONES TO NATIVE PROSODIC CATEGORIES". Studies in Second Language Acquisition 36, nr 2 (20.05.2014): 195–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263114000047.
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This study examined how native speakers of Australian English and French, nontone languages with different lexical stress properties, perceived Mandarin tones in a sentence environment according to their native sentence intonation categories (i-Categories) in connected speech. Results showed that both English and French speakers categorized Mandarin tones primarily on the phonetic similarities of the pitch contours between the Mandarin tones and their native i-Categories. Moreover, French but not English speakers were able to detect the fine-detailed phonetic differences between Tone 3 (T3) and Tone 4 (T4; i.e., low or low-falling tone vs. high-falling tone), which suggests that the stress differences between these languages may affect nonnative tone perception: English uses lexical stress, whereas French does not. In the discrimination task, the French listeners’ performance was better than that of the English listeners. For each group, discrimination of the Tone 1 (T1)–T4 and Tone 2 (T2)–T3 pairs was consistently and significantly lower than that of the other tone pairs, and the difference between T1-T4 and T2-T3 was significant. Discrimination of the Mandarin tone pairs was not fully predicted by pairwise categorizations to native i-Categories, however. Some discrimination differences were observed among tone pairs showing the same assimilation patterns. Phonetic overlaps in native i-Category choices for the Mandarin tones, strength of categorization (So, 2012), and tonal coarticulation effects (Xu, 1994, 1997) may offer possible accounts of these discrepancies between categorization and discrimination performance. These findings support the perceptual assimilation model for suprasegmentals (So & Best, 2008, 2010a, 2010b, 2011, 2013), extended to categorization of nonnative tone words within sentence contexts to native i-Categories.
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Verbych, Nataliia. "NUCLEAR COMPONENTS IN THE INTONATION STRUCTURE OF THE TEXT". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, nr 30 (2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2021.30.2.
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The article presents the results of experimental study of prosody оn the Ukrainian language. The significance of intonation as an important factor influencing the audience in oral speech is described. Possibilities of functioning of intonation means in modern public performance are established. The object of analysis is the peculiarities of prosodic separation of the nuclear components of the text. The relevance of the analysis of the category selection is due to the trends in the development of experimental phonetics, in particular the shift of emphasis from the description of the intonation of the phrase to the analysis of pragmatic and textual aspects of intonation. In different languages there is a restriction on the set of intonation forms for the expression of individual intonation meanings, in particular completeness, incompleteness, emphaticity, selection. Each meaning has its own specific intonation form as opposed to the acoustic characteristics of other intonation forms. The average value of the topic of speech, the average duration of phrases, pauses, the characteristic of the frequency of the fundamental tone, the terminal tone and the intensity are defined in the scientific report. Activity of prosodic parameters in the selection of semantic center of phrase is determined. To realize its goal – to effectively impact on the audience, the speaker may be using as a maximum value (for example, the maximum frequency spacing in the nuclear syllables, a significant slowdown on the allocated segments of the phrase, average duration of the phrase) and the minimum values (the lowest level of the intonation contour, the minimum volume, duration, etc). The combination or contrast ratio of the maximum and minimum values for individual prosodic features on certain segments of verbal text contributes to the optimization of speech impact. Category intonational allocation is evident in the contrasting intonational marking of nuclear components, in their actualization and establishing relationships between them.
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Bohnert, Amanda, Kelly H. Berkson, Kenneth Van Bik i Grayson Ziegler. "Vocalic contrasts in Zotung". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, nr 3_Supplement (1.03.2024): A170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027201.
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Though very few Maraic languages from the South Central branch of Tibeto-Burman are represented in the existing body of phonetics literature, they are of interest in that they appear to contain typologically unique dense high vowel systems. Zotung, spoken by approximately 100 000 people in Chin State in western Burma and in diaspora communities, is one such language (Eberhard et al., 2022). The only linguistic scholarship on Zotung (Shintani, 2015) is an extensive wordlist with brief preliminary comments on the syllable shape, tone, and vowel inventories; however, acoustic analyses are absent. To augment Shintani (2015) and further elucidate the vowel inventory of Zotung, we present data from an older male speaker deeply involved with Zotung translation, preservation, and literacy efforts, who hails originally from Tingsi on the far southern border of the Zotung speaking area. Based on analysis of 553 tokens collected via a wordlist, we substantiate some of the findings reported by Shintani (2015) and document several important differences. Shintani reported 8 monophthongal vowel qualities; we find 10: [i, y, e, ø, æ, ə, a, u, o, ɔ]. Shintani also reported an expansive diphthong inventory; our data support this claim, with 9 total vowels that can be categorized as diphthongs.
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Binte Nasir, Khadija. "The Origin of American, British and Australian English Varieties Due to Distinct Dialects and Accents". International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 7, nr 7 (12.07.2024): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v7i7.2195.
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The present research on ‘The origin of American, British and Australian English varieties due to distinct dialects and accents’ is aimed to determine the major cause of these different variety formations due to variations in the dialect and accent in the inner circle of Kachru’s model. The research question is analyzed completely based on phonetics, vowel pronunciation, and syllabification, intonation of asking questions, vocabulary, and spelling. The research is focused on a qualitative approach. The already present information corpus, personal critique, and research analysis are the principal constituents of the experimentation. With the obtained and analyzed data, the researchers verified the cause of distinct English varieties like British, American, and Australian. The obtained result showed that the most obvious difference between British, Australian and American English is in the accent (or pronunciation), especially with vowel sounds. Moreover, another difference lies in the melody and tone, which is the rise and fall of sound, while asking questions. Some other general differences that we figured out were vocabulary and spellings. Hence, we can say that the reason of the origin of American, Australian and British English varieties, which occur in the inner circle of Kachru’s model, is due to the difference in accents and dialects depending heavily upon vowel sound variations, intonations, vocabulary and grammar.
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Tu, Jung-Yueh. "Analysis of errors in Mandarin disyllabic tones produced by Vietnamese speakers". Global Chinese 9, nr 2 (1.09.2023): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2023-0017.
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Abstract This study investigates the tone production of Mandarin disyllabic words by Vietnamese speakers. It aims to provide insights into the challenges Vietnamese speakers face when producing Mandarin tones in disyllabic words. In the study, there were 30 Vietnamese L2 learners of Mandarin, who were requested to produce 80 (4 tones × 4 tones × 5 words of each tonal combination) disyllabic words in Mandarin. The overall results showed that Tone 4 was the most difficult among the four lexical tones. In the first syllable, most errors were found for Tone 3 when followed by another Tone 3 (where the first Tone 3 should be pronounced as a rising tone, similar to Tone 2, but mispronounced as Tone 3), which indicated that Vietnamese speakers tend to underapply Mandarin third tone sandhi. In the second syllable, most errors were found for Tone 4 when preceded by Tone 4 (the second Tone 4 mispronounced as Tone 1). The findings can help explore how L2 production models can account for L2 production of Mandarin tones by considering effects of phonetic/phonological nature of Mandarin lexical tones as well as the interference arising from the L1 phonology of learners.
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Brēde, Maija. "Phonetic Attributes of Political Discourse". Baltic Journal of English Language, Literature and Culture 7 (14.07.2017): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/bjellc.07.2017.02.
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The paper focuses on phonetic characteristics of public speaking in British English representing political discourse. Public speaking, especially by professional public speakers – leading State figures intends not only at providing essential information but also at convincing the audience of certain standpoints and affecting it emotionally. Accordingly public speeches require adequate phonetic means to achieve the effect; they pertain both to segmental and suprasegmental levels of speech, including intonation. The aim of the present analysis is to register ways by which a State figure attains the impression of prominence within the framework of publicistic style of intonation, mostly the use of nuclear tones, pausation and realizing function words as stressed segments.
The material of the analysis includes a speech by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron on life chances in the UK (t = 41' 23''), delivered on 11 January 2016. What contributes considerably to the expressive potential of the style is a regular usage of one of the falling tones in non-final tone units, a relatively high percentage of high falling tones, the use of a special rise, variation of the pause length, prominent function words, segmentation of an utterance into tone units of different length according to the interpretation of the piece of information, and the speaker’s voice timbre.
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Yan, Hanbo, i Jie Zhang. "Pattern substitution in Wuxi tone sandhi and its implication for phonological learning". International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 3, nr 1 (7.06.2016): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.3.1.01yan.
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Tone sandhi in Wuxi Chinese involves “pattern substitution,” whereby the base tone on the first syllable is first substituted by another tone, then spread to the sandhi domain. We conducted a wug test to investigate native Wuxi speakers’ tacit knowledge of tone sandhi and found that the substituion aspect of the sandhi is not fully productive, but the extension aspect is, and sandhi productivity is influenced by the phonetic similarity between base and sandhi tones. These results are discussed in the context of how phonological opacity, phonetic naturalness, and lexical frequency influence phonological learning, and a grammatical learning model that can predict Wuxi speakers’ experimental behavior is proposed.
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Tham, Wai Houng. "Usage and Development of Contemporary Hanyu Pinyin". Review of Educational Theory 1, nr 2 (28.04.2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/ret.v1i2.50.
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Hanyu is a type of language that is based on the Beijing phonetic system and has four distinguishable tones. As a result to date, the tool designed for the pronunciation of this Chinese language whether it is the past National Phonetic Alphabet or the contemporary Hanyu Pinyin, there is always the need to add the tone marks in order to distinguish the four tones. However, to add a symbol for the sake of pronunciation spells inconvenience, because Hanyu Pinyin is essentially composed of Latin alphabet. Unless there is a special facility, no ordinary English computer keyboard can manage to add tone marks together with typing at the same time. Hence, the tone marks can only be chosen from the symbols set in the computer (if any) or added manually after all typing has been completed. It is not only time consuming but also involves a lot of work and many a time, the tone mark is either wrongly added or omitted. If there is a way to write Hanyu Pinyin without the use of tone marks and yet be able to differentiate the four tones, it will save the trouble of having to add tone marks for the correct pronunciation. This new method may also help in making typing more convenient.