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Perona, G., R. Schiavon, G. C. Guidi, D. Veneri i P. Minuz. "Selenium Dependent Glutathione Peroxidase: A Physiological Regulatory System for Platelet Function". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 64, nr 02 (1990): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1647308.
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SummaryIn human platelets the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) acts as a scavenger of the peroxides generated during the burst of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Such a mechanism inhibits the biosynthesis of both thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and lipoxygenase products. The same mechanism is not effective on the prostacyclin (PGI2) biosynthesis from cultured endothelial cells. In order to evaluate this effect in vivo, besides in vitro, we activated the enzyme in eight normal volunteers by increasing their daily Se intake for 8 weeks, monitoring: platelet GSH-Px activity, platelet aggregation induced by A A and U 44069, and concurrent malondialdehyde (MDA) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production, urinary excretion of renal and systemic TXA2 and PGI2 metabolites, platelet enzyme activities of the hexose monophosphate pathway and glutathione content, platelet adenine nucleotides, bleeding time, plasma Se concentration. We found: a) progressive platelet GSH-Px activation by Se paralleling an enhancement of platelet aggregation threshold values for AA, but not for U 44069; b) concurrent inhibition of platelet biosynthesis of TXA2 both in vitro and in vivo while the biosynthesis of systemic prostacyclin was unaffected; c) a progressive increase in the bleeding time, unmodified by aspirin. In conclusion, we believe that Se-dependent GSH-Px represents a physiological mechanism regulating the biosynthesis of prostanoids with implications in platelet function and that a Se dietary supplement might be considered in the prevention of arterial thrombosis.
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Baj, Z., K. Zeman, Ewa Majewska, W. Wasowicz, Maria Sklodowska, Jola Gromadzinska i H. Tchórzewski. "Does the Selenium (SE) Level and Se-Dependent Enzyme Activity in Blood Plasma Correlate with Human Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Function?" International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 5, nr 1 (styczeń 1992): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463209200500102.
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Recent literature data on the effects of Se on subpopulations of T lymphocytes, on autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) and on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity are limited or poorly defined. In healthy volunteers we have estimated se levels, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and lipid peroxide levels in human plasma and simultaneously, the subpopulations of T lymphocytes, proliferation in AMLR, and activity of NK cells. We found a significantly positive correlation between the selenium level and GSH-Px activity. The proliferative response in AMLR significantly correlated with plasma selenium levels but not with GSH-Px activity. NK cytotoxicity, subpopulations of T lymphocytes, and lipid peroxide levels did not correlate with both selenium concentration and GSH-Px activity. We suppose that the effect of Se on the proliferation of suppressor T lymphocytes (Ts) in AMLR is not mediated through GSH-Px activity and fluctuations of Se concentration within a physiological range in healthy persons do not affect NK cytotoxicity.
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Zachara, Bronisław A., Jolanta Gromadzińska, Wojciech Wasowicz i Zbigniew Zbróg. "Red blood cell and plasma glutathione peroxidase activities and selenium concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease: a review." Acta Biochimica Polonica 53, nr 4 (11.12.2006): 663–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2006_3294.
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The metabolism of oxygen in aerobic organisms leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These entities are able to oxidize almost all classes of macromolecules, including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The physiological level of ROS is usually regulated by antioxidant defense mechanisms. There are at least three groups of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutases, catalases and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Pxs) which neutralize ROS. The trace elements (copper, zinc and selenium) bound to the active sites of the above listed enzymes play an important role in the antioxidant defense system. In mammals, a major function of selenium (Se) and Se-dependent GSH-Pxs is to protect cells from oxidative stress. Selenium concentrations and GSH-Px activities are altered in blood components of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The Se level is frequently lower than in healthy subjects and the concentration very often decreases gradually with advancing stage of the disease. Studies on red cell GSH-Px activity in CKD patients reported its values significantly lower, significantly higher and lower or higher, but not significantly as compared with healthy subjects. On the other hand, all authors who studied plasma GSH-Px activity have shown significantly lower values than in healthy subjects. The degree of the reduction decreases gradually with the progression of the disease. High inverse correlations were seen between plasma GSH-Px activity and creatinine level. A gradual decrease in plasma GSH-Px activity in CKD patients is due to the fact that this enzyme is synthesized predominantly in the kidney and thus the impairment of this organ is the cause of the enzyme's lower activity. Se supplementation to CKD patients has a slightly positive effect in the incipient stage of the disease, but usually no effect was observed in end-stage CKD. Presently, kidney transplantation is the only treatment that may restore plasma Se level and GSH-Px activity in patients suffering from end-stage CKD. A few studies have shown that in kidney recipients, plasma Se concentration and GSH-Px activity are restored to normal values within a period of 2 weeks to 3 months following surgery and thus it can be acknowledged that Se supplementation to those patients has a positive effect on plasma GSH-Px activity.
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Karakılçık, A. Ziya, i Mesut Aksakal. "Some Metabolic Functions and Metabolism of Selenium and its relations with Vitamin E". European Journal of Therapeutics 4, nr 2 (1.06.1993): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.58600/eurjther-199342-1111-x.
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Selenium (Se) concentrations in the animal tissues vary according to the tissue and the amount and chemical form of Se in diet. in cattle and sheep Se concentrations rank in the order kidney, Iiver, heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Se like other elements, has a bimodal effect. At normal concentrations, Se is an essential trace element necessary for growth in man and animals. However, ıntake of high concentrations of Se can show toxic effects; ingestion of very low concentrations of this trace element results in Se-deficiency sympthoms in man and animals. The main physiological function of Se is as a component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. GSH-Px activity is very important for physiological functions of the liver, heart, skelatal muscle and erythrocytes.
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Cui, Boya, Lanying Liu, Tao Shi, Min Yin, Xu Feng i Yu Shan. "The Ethanolic Extract of Lycium ruthenicum Ameliorates Age-Related Physiological Damage in Mice". Molecules 28, nr 22 (15.11.2023): 7615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227615.
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Aging and age-related diseases are important study topics due to their associations with progressive physiological damage to genes, cells, tissues, and the entire organism, which ultimately affects the functional efficiency of organs. Lycium ruthenicum Murr. is a functional food that is known for its high contents of anthocyanins and spermidines, both of which have been demonstrated to have positive effects on anti-aging activity and anti-oxidation. In this study, we used HPLC-MS to analyze the constituents of L. ruthenicum Murr. Extract (LRM) and investigated their potential mechanism for exerting antioxidative effects in D-galactose (D-Gal) aging model mice. LRM (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg) improved cognitive function in D-Gal-treated mice, as shown by reduced escape latencies and increased platform crossings in behavioral tests. We measured the contents of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the enzyme activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mice serum and brain after 6 weeks of D-Gal treatment. LRM decreased the contents of LPO and MDA and increased the enzyme activities of SOD and GSH-Px, indicating the protection effect of LRM against D-Gal-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, LRM can inhibit oxidative stress in cells by reducing intracellular ROS levels and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby inhibiting paraquat (PQ)-induced cellular senescence and delaying cell aging. Therefore, LRM has the potential to be a healthcare product for the treatment of age-related diseases.
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Wang, Jian, Li Zhang, Xia Tang, Yuhang Tang, Zhijie Zhang, Liangwen Ye, Wei Xu, Xiangyi Hou i Xianghui Suo. "The Effect of Lidan Huashi Pills on the Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Growth of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in the Kidneys of Rats". Urology Research 2, nr 2 (18.07.2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ur.v2i2.7397.
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Objective: To explore the effects of Lidan Huashi Pills on the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and growth of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys of rats. Methods: 30 rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, and an experimental group, with 10 rats in each group. The blank group was free to eat and drink water for 8 weeks; the ethylene glycol method was used for the standard calcium oxalate crystal modeling in the control group and experimental group for 4 weeks. The model group was given free feeding and physiological saline (2 ml/d) by continuous gavage for 4 weeks; the experimental group was given free feeding and Lidan Huashi Pills (450 mg/kg, 2 ml/d) by continuous gavage for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, all rats were euthanized, and the left kidney was taken for GSH-Px level detection. The right kidney was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to observe the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Results: After 4 weeks of modeling, the urinary calcium levels in the model group and experimental group significantly increased compared to the blank group (868.00 ± 39.29 vs 929.40 ± 33.61, P < 0.05), indicating successful modeling. The urine calcium ion concentration in the experimental group after modeling was significantly lower than that in the model group (929.40 ± 33.61 vs 888.60 ± 25.92, P < 0.05). The grading score of calcium oxalate crystals in the model group was significantly higher than that in the blank group (P < 0.05); the grading score of calcium oxalate crystals in the experimental group was lower than that in the model group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The GSH-Px activity in the left kidney of the model group was significantly lower than that of the blank group [203.49 (208.21, 144.22) vs 494.91 (431.32, 538.18), P < 0.05); the GSH-Px activity in the left kidney of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the model group [433.60 (383.86, 504.49) vs 203.49 (208.21, 144.22), P < 0.05). Morphological observation and H&E staining suggest that the formation of right kidney crystals and inflammation in the experimental group are between the blank group and the model group. Conclusion: Lidan Huashi Pills can enhance the serum GSH-Px activity in rats and inhibit the growth of calcium oxalate crystals and inflammatory response in the kidneys, thus playing a role in preventing and treating urinary tract stones.
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Lin, Qianmin, Bingbing Song, Yingxiong Zhong, Huan Yin, Ziyu Li, Zhuo Wang, Kit-Leong Cheong, Riming Huang i Saiyi Zhong. "Effect of Sodium Hyaluronate on Antioxidant and Anti-Ageing Activities in Caenorhabditis elegans". Foods 12, nr 7 (26.03.2023): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12071400.
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As an acidic polysaccharide, the formation of Hyaluronic acid (HA) is typically Sodium Hyaluronate (SH) for knee repair, oral treatment, skincare and as a food additive. Nevertheless, little information is available on the anti-ageing activity of SH as a food additive. Therefore, we treated C. elegans with SH, then inferred the anti-aging activity of SH by examining the lifespan physiological indicators and senescence-associated gene expression. Compared with the control group, SH (800 μg/mL) prolonged the C. elegans’ lifespans in regular, 35 °C and H2O2 environment by 0.27-fold, 0.25-fold and 1.17-fold. Simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were increased by 8.6%, 0.36% and 167%. However, lipofuscin accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased by 36%, 47.8–65.7% and 9.5–13.1%. After SH treatment, athletic ability was improved and no impairment of reproductive capacity was seen. In addition, SH inhibited the blocking effect of age-1 and up-regulated gene levels involving daf-16, sod-3, gst-4 and skn-1. In conclusion, SH provides potential applications in anti-ageing and anti-oxidation and regulates physiological function.
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Kalashnikov, S. V., i M. V. Shkidyuk. "Identification characteristics of non-smoking tobacco products". New Technologies 17, nr 2 (6.06.2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2072-0920-2021-17-2-25-32.
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Modern trends in the reduction of cigarette consumption have led to the spread of smokeless tobacco and non-tobacco nicotine-containing products [1]; their variety creates certain problems with the identification of products in this segment. Sucking tobacco (snus) has been banned in the Russian Federation for wholesale and retail trade since 2015, but it is a product similar to chew- ing tobacco in packaging, ingredient composition and physiological effects. Therefore, establishing the identification characteristics of chewing tobacco is an urgent task. The attitude towards chewing tobacco is controversial. The absence of the smoldering / burning process characteristic of cigarettes indicates a decrease in the harmful effect on the human body. At the same time, the physiological ef- fect on the consumer is based on the effect of nicotine extracted from tobacco through the oral mucosa. Consumer indicators of samples of smokeless tobacco / non-tobacco nicotine-containing products have been investigated: moisture content, fractional composition and nicotine content. The moisture content of samples of non-smoking products ranges from 19,0 % to 36,5 %. The nicotine content in the investigated tobacco / non-tobacco products is 0,3–2,4 % / 1,0–8,8 % respectively. To establish the identification signs of smokeless tobacco products the following methods have been used: product fractionation, optical microscopy, spectrophotometry, and liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS / MS). The main feature of the difference between smokeless tobacco products and non-tobacco nicotine-containing products has been determined – the presence of tobacco in the ingredient composition, confirmed by the structure of the product and the content of specific tobacco nitrosamines. As a result of the research, experimental data were obtained on the quantitative determination of the content of tobacco specific nitrosamines by the LCMS / MS method in smokeless tobacco products. The main identification feature of chewing tobacco has been established: the presence of raw tobacco in the ingredient composition with a coarse fraction content is at least 15 %.
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Zhang, Shuyi, Weichang Gao, Kai Cai, Taoze Liu i Xingshi Wang. "Effects of Microplastics on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)". Agronomy 12, nr 11 (29.10.2022): 2692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112692.
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The environmental effects caused by the proliferation of microplastics have received extensive attention. However, at this stage, there is a lack of research on the toxicology of microplastics and their impacts on plants. This study explored the effects of microplastics on the growth and physiological characteristics of tobacco. Using tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) variety Yunyan87 and low-density polyethylene (LDPE, 13 μm particle size), different concentrations, which were 0 mg/L (CK), 10 mg/L (T1), 100 mg/L (T2), and 1000 mg/L (T3), were subjected to hydroponic experiments to study the effects of microplastics on the growth and physiological characteristics of tobacco. The results showed that microplastics had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of tobacco. Among them, high concentrations of microplastics significantly inhibited the root architecture and growth characteristics. According to the performance observed with different treatments, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased in the medium and high concentrations. In addition, the changes in catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity were not obvious. Experiments showed that microplastics could significantly inhibit the growth and development of tobacco and reduce the accumulation of aerial parts and root biomass.
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Anuradha, M., K. Sivaraju i V. Krishnamurthy. "Effect of waterlogging on physiological characteristics, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco". Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 18, nr 1 (marzec 2013): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40502-013-0008-0.
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Gu, Chunmei, Qiuping Yang, Shujun Li, Linlin Zhao, Bo Lyu, Yingnan Wang i Hansong Yu. "Effects of Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor on Pancreatic Oxidative Damage of Mice at Different Growth Periods". Foods 12, nr 8 (18.04.2023): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081691.
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The bioactive components in soybeans have significant physiological functions. However, the intake of soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) may cause metabolic disorders. To investigate the effect of STI intake on pancreatic injury and its mechanism of action, a five-week animal experiment was conducted, meanwhile, a weekly monitor on the degree of oxidation and antioxidant indexes in the serum and pancreas of the animals was carried out. The results showed that the intake of STI had irreversible damage to the pancreas, according to the analysis of the histological section. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the pancreatic mitochondria of Group STI increased significantly and reached a maximum (15.7 nmol/mg prot) in the third week. Meanwhile, the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), trypsin (TPS), and somatostatin (SST) were decreased and reached minimum values (10 U/mg prot, 87 U/mg prot, 2.1 U/mg prot, 10 pg/mg prot) compared with the Group Control. The RT-PCR results of the expression of SOD, GSH-Px, TPS, and SST genes were consistent with the above. This study demonstrates that STI causes oxidative structural damage and pancreatic dysfunction by inducing oxidative stress in the pancreas, which could increase with time.
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Khang, Nguyen Thi Kim, Ngo Thi Minh Suong i Masashi Takahashi. "Impact of heat stress on blood physiological parameters, body temperature, respiratory frequency, antioxidant status, carcass quality, production performance, and egg quality of Japanese quails". Veterinary Integrative Sciences 22, nr 3 (14.12.2023): 831–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/vis.2024.056.
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The study was performed with three experiments. The first experiment studied respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), blood physiological parameters (BPP), serum antioxidant enzyme activities (SAEA), and meat quality of 240 quails under three temperatures (38 °C, 25 °C, and environmental temperature 30 °C) and two bodyweights (heavy and lighter). Heat stress (HS) increased RR and BT of quails but had no effect on BPP; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased in group 38 °C (P<0.05), and a trend of increasing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was also observed in group 38 °C (P=0.06); meat quality was not affected by HS except yellow index of meat color was increased (P<0.05). The second experiment was conducted with 168 quails (experiment 1) to record reproductive performance and egg quality. HS negatively affected feed intake, egg weight, egg height, albumen height, yolk weight, yolk color, and Haugh unit (P<0.05). The third experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of HS on growth and reproductive performance, and SAEA of the first generation (G1) from 84 quails (experiment 2). Feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio in the 38 °C H – G1 quail line were not significantly different from other groups. The higher egg weight and egg production were discovered in heat-stressed G1 groups. The lowest value of SOD and GSH-Px was reported in the 38 °C H – G1 quail line but no different in catalase (P>0.05). The 38 °C – G1 quail groups adapted to HS from G0 by expanding feed intake at the growing phase, improving egg weight and egg production, and maintaining the low SAEA.
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Liao, Xianyan, Nannan Chen, Peng Feng, Ping Li, Zhanmin Liu i Junyi Huang. "Physiological effect of graphene oxide on tobacco BY-2 suspension cells and its immigration". Vibroengineering PROCEDIA 11 (30.05.2017): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2017.18409.
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Lopes, Camila Aparecida, Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho, Renato Mendes Guimarães, Ariadne Morbeck Santos de Oliveira i Dayliane Bernardes de Andrade. "Sodium hypochlorite in the priming of tobacco seeds". Journal of Seed Science 41, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v41n1211719.
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Abstract: Due to the non-uninform maturation of tobacco fruits and seeds, the priming technique has been used by the tobacco industry as a way of increasing the uniformity and germinations peed of seeds. Several factors can affect priming, including the time and environment in which the treatment is performed. In order to evaluate the effect of sodium hypochlorite as priming agent at different concentrations and the priming period on the physiological quality of the tobacco seeds, it was used a seed lot of commercial cultivar CSC 439 from the Virginia varietal group, widely used by the producing companies. The seeds were subjected to priming in aerated solution at different priming periods (180, 60, 30, 15, and 5 min) and concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (1%, 0.50%, 0.25%, and 0.10 %). The physiological quality was evaluated by the water contents, germination tests, first count, germination index, initial and final stands, emergence index and electrical conductivity. The priming with sodium hypochlorite did not affect germination, but allowed a higher percentage and speed of emergence when using the 1% concentration for 180, 30 and 15 min.
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Chandrasekaran, Rajamanickam, Kannan Revathi, Selvamathiazhagan Nisha, Suyambulingam Arunachalam Kirubakaran, Subbiah Sathish-Narayanan i Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan. "Physiological effect of chitinase purified from Bacillus subtilis against the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura Fab." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 104, nr 1 (wrzesień 2012): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.07.002.
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Beattie, Erin, Jeffery Edmiston, Patrudu Makena, Elizabeth Mason, Mike McEwan i Krishna Prasad. "Review of recent lung biomarkers of potential harm/effect for tobacco research". F1000Research 10 (17.12.2021): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55411.1.
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Biomarkers of potential harm (BoPH) are indicators of biological perturbations which may contribute to the pathophysiology of disease. In this review, we critically assessed the published data on lung-related BoPH in human lung disease for potential use in evaluating the effects of tobacco and nicotine products. A Scopus literature search was conducted on lung disease biomarkers used in a clinical setting over the last 10 years. We identified 1171 papers which were further screened using commercial software (Sciome SWIFT-Active Screener) giving 68 publications that met our inclusion criteria (data on the association of the biomarker with cigarette smoking, the impact of smoking cessation on the biomarker, and differences between smokers and non-smokers), the majority of which investigated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Several physiological and biochemical measures were identified that are potentially relevant for evaluating the impact of tobacco products on lung health. Promising new candidates included blood biomarkers, such as surfactant protein D (SP-D), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), skin autofluorescence (SAF), and imaging techniques. These biomarkers may provide insights into lung disease development and progression; however, all require further research and validation to confirm their role in the context of tobacco and nicotine exposure, their time course of development and ability to measure or predict disease progression.
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Mousa, Amria M., Nermin M. El-Sammad, Abeer H. Abdel-Halim, Nayera Anwar, Wagdy K. B. Khalil, Mahmoud Nawwar, Amani N. Hashim, Elsayed A. Elsayed i Sherien K. Hassan. "Lagerstroemia Speciosa (L.) Pers Leaf Extract Attenuates Lung Tumorigenesis via Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis". Biomolecules 9, nr 12 (12.12.2019): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9120871.
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One of the major etiological factors that account for lung cancer is tobacco use. Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], one of the main constituents of tobacco smoke, has a key role in lung carcinogenesis. The present study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity of an aqueous ethanolic extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers leaves (LLE) on human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), as well as its in vivo antitumor effect on a lung tumorigenesis mice model. Our results revealed that LLE possesses cytotoxic activity against the A549 cell line. Mice orally administered B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight) showed an increase in relative lung weight with subsequent decrease in final body weight. Serum levels of tumor marker enzymes AHH, ADA and LDH and the inflammatory mediator NF-κB increased, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decreased. In addition, we observed the increased activity of metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-12) and levels of the tumor angiogenesis marker VEFG and the lipid peroxidation marker MDA, as well as decreased levels of the non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH and enzymatic antioxidants CAT and GSH-Px in lung tissues. Moreover, B(a)P administration up-regulated the expression of the COX-2 gene, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and an anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and at the same time down-regulated expression of pro-apoptotic genes BAX and caspase-3 and the p53 gene. Pre- and post-treatment with LLE (250 mg/kg body weight) attenuated all these abnormalities. Histopathological observations verified the protective effect of LLE. Overall, the present data positively confirm the potent antitumor effect of L. speciosa leaves against lung tumorigenesis.
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Kostadinović, Ljiljana M., Sava T. Pavkov, Jovanka D. Lević, Tamara A. Galonja-Coghill, Gordana K. Dozet i Nenad Č. Bojat. "Effect of sulphachloropyrazine on antioxidative systems in blood and liver of broilers". Acta Veterinaria Brno 80, nr 2 (2011): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201180020165.
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This report describes the effects of therapeutic doses of coccidiocid sulphachloropyrazine on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative systems in haemolysed blood and liver homogenate from broilers (glutathione, glutathione-reductase, glutathione-peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide-dismutase, xantine-oxidase and lipid peroxidation). The in vivo investigation was carried out on 120 heavy-line broilers (Arbor acres) of both sexes. One-day-old broilers were randomly distributed into 2 groups, each numbering 60 individuals of both sexes: Group 1 - control group; Group 2 - group of broilers inoculated with laboratory derived coccidia species on the 21st day-of-age. When symptoms of coccidiosis appeared (30th day-of-age), blood sampling and decapitation of 20 chickens were carried out (Group 2a). The remaining broilers were treated with therapeutic doses of sulphachloropyrazine (60 ppm). Decapitation of 20 chickens was carried out after the therapy was concluded (38th day-of-age – Group 2b). Infection of broilers with coccidia intensified free radical processing in haemolysed blood and liver homogenate. This was evident from the increased levels of lipid peroxidation and the catalytic activity of almost all examined enzymes (SOD, GSHPx and Px). Therapeutic doses of sulphachloropyrazine inhibited free-radical activity induced by disease and establishing of physiological values of lipid peroxidation and catalase activity of examined enzymes.
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Matos, Ângelo Paggi, Regina Coeli de Oliveira Torres, Luiz Rodrigo Ito Morioka, Elisa Helena Siegel Moecke, Kepler Borges França i Ernani Sebastião Sant’Anna. "GrowingChlorella vulgarisin Photobioreactor by Continuous Process Using Concentrated Desalination: Effect of Dilution Rate on Biochemical Composition". International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/310285.
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Desalination wastewater, which contains large amount of salt waste, might lead to severely environmental pollution. This study evaluated the effect of dilution rate (0.1≤D≤0.3day−1) on microalgal biomass productivity, lipid content, and fatty acid profile under steady-state condition ofChlorella vulgarissupplemented with concentrated desalination. Continuous culture was conducted for 55 days. Results show that the biomass productivity (Px) varied from 57 to 126 mg L−1 d−1(dry mass) when the dilution rate ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 day−1. At lowest dilution rate (D=0.1day−1), the continuous culture regime ensured the highest values of maximum biomass concentration (Xm=570±20 mL−1) and protein content (52%). Biomass lipid content was an increasing function ofD. The most abundant fatty acids were the palmitic (25.3±0.6%) atD=0.1day−1and the gamma-linolenic acid (23.5±0.1%) atD=0.3day−1ones. These fatty acids present 14 to 18 carbons in the carbon chain, being mainly saturated and polyunsaturated, respectively. Overall, the results show that continuous culture is a powerful tool to investigate the cell growth kinetics and physiological behaviors of the algae growing on desalination wastewater.
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Wu, Fan, Changquan Wang, Bing Li, Qiquan Li, Bin Li, Wei Du, Yong Wang i Yulan Chen. "EFFECT OF ECO-PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE TOBACCO POTASSIUM CONTENT IN HUILI COUNTY, SICHUANG PROVINCE, CHINA". Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal 1, nr 1 (31.12.2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/eesrj.010101.
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Wang, Meng, Silin Wu, Benshun Yang, Miaomiao Ye, Jianbing Tan, Linsen Zan i Wucai Yang. "Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Improve the Quality of Fresh and Cryopreserved Semen in Bulls". Animals 13, nr 17 (31.08.2023): 2781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13172781.
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Oxidative stress leads to a decrease in semen quality during semen cryopreservation and fresh semen production. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are endowed with well-recognized antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-aging activities. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of GSPs on the quality of fresh and cryopreserved semen to provide a basis for GSPs as a new dietary additive and semen diluent additive for males’ reproduction. Fresh semen from three healthy bulls aged 3 to 5 years old were gathered and mixed with semen diluents dissolved with 0 µg/mL, 30 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 60 µg/mL GSPs respectively. The motility, physiological structures (acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity), and antioxidant capacity of frozen–thawed sperm were measured after storage in liquid nitrogen for 7 days (d). Bulls were fed with 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) GSPs in their diet for 60 days; the weight of the bull is about 600 kg. Then, the reproductive performance and antioxidant indexes of bulls were measured before and after feeding. The results demonstrated that GSPs supplementation significantly increased sperm motility, physiological structures, GSH-Px, and CAT enzyme activities and significantly decreased MDA content in sperm during semen cryopreservation. The optimal concentration of GSPs was 40 µg/mL (p < 0.05). After 20 mg/kg (body weight) GSP supplementation, sperm motility was significantly heightened (p < 0.05), the sperm deformity rate was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and antioxidant enzyme activities (such as SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05), and the production of MDA was significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) in serum compared with that before feeding. In conclusion, these results reveal that a certain concentration of GSPs has a good protective effect on sperm damage caused by semen cryopreservation and the reproductive performance reduction caused by stress in bulls, which may be attributed to the antioxidant function of GSPs. In summary, GSPs are a useful cryoprotective adjuvant and dietary additive for bull sperm quality.
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Raldugina, Galina N., Sergey V. Evsukov, Liliya R. Bogoutdinova, Alexander A. Gulevich i Ekaterina N. Baranova. "Morpho-Physiological Testing of NaCl Sensitivity of Tobacco Plants Overexpressing Choline Oxidase Gene". Plants 10, nr 6 (30.05.2021): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061102.
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In this study the transgenic lines (TLs) of tobacco (Nicotianatabacum L.), which overexpress the heterologous gene encoding the bacterial enzyme choline oxidase were evaluated. The goal of our work is to study the effect of choline oxidase gene expression on the sensitivity of plant tissues to the action of NaCl. The regenerative capacity, rhizogenesis, the amount of photosynthetic pigments and osmotically active compounds (proline and glycine betaine) were assessed by in vitro cell culture methods using biochemical and morphological parameters. Transgenic lines with confirmed expression were characterized by high regeneration capacity from callus in the presence of 200 mmol NaCl, partial retention of viability at 400 mmol NaCl. These data correlated with the implicit response of regenerants and whole plants to the harmful effects of salinity. They turned out to be less sensitive to the presence of 200 mmol NaCl in the cultivation medium, in contrast to the WT plants.
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Liu, Xiaoyi, Lili Jiang, Jiaman Pang, Yujun Wu, Yu Pi, Jianjun Zang, Junjun Wang i Dandan Han. "Maternal Dietary Supplementation with γ-Aminobutyric Acid Alleviated Oxidative Stress in Gestating Sows and Their Offspring by Regulating GABRP". Animals 12, nr 19 (22.09.2022): 2539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192539.
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Sows usually suffer oxidative stress during gestation, and this limits the growth of fetuses via placenta. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a functional nonessential amino acid engaged in regulating the physiological status of animals. However, the effects of GABA on the oxidative homeostasis of sows and their offspring remain unclear. Eighteen late gestating sows (85 d) were divided into the CON and GABA groups and fed the basal diet and the GABA diet (200 mg/kg GABA), respectively, until farrowing. At parturition, the sows’ litter characteristics, the plasma antioxidant parameters of sows, and their offspring were evaluated. The results showed that GABA supplementation had no marked effect on the reproductive performance of sows (p > 0.10) but had a trend of reducing the amount of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in piglets (0.05 < p < 0.10). At the same time, the addition of GABA elevated the plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) level of sows and enhanced the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of newborn piglets (p < 0.05). Based on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in pTr-2 cells, GABA elevated intracellular GSH-Px, SOD, catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, p < 0.01) and upregulated the gene expressions of CAT, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABRP), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) in H2O2-treated pTr-2 cells (p < 0.05). Taken together, GABA improved the antioxidant capacity of sows and alleviated the placental oxidative stress by upregulating the GABRP and Nrf2 genes, which have the potential to promote oxidative homeostasis in newborn piglets.
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Kuzmicheva, N. A., I. V. Mikhailova, I. N. Chaynikova, L. A. Pushkareva, Yu V. Filippova i A. I. Smolyagin. "Effect of second-hand smoke on the immunological parameters of wistar rats and their offspring". Russian Journal of Immunology 24, nr 2 (15.04.2021): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1014-eos.
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The literature covers multiple negative effects of active and passive tobacco smoking upon the human body and experimental animals. Much lesser attention is given to the features of the immune system in offspring from the passively smoking experimental animals. In previous works, we studied physiological and immunological parameters in the infant rats born from passively smoking rats. The present work expands the scope of this direction and is devoted to assessment of immunological parameters in passively smoking pregnant rats and their offspring. Quantitative determination of immunological parameters was carried out in pregnant Wistar rats exposed to passive tobacco smoking and in 65 pup rats from smoke-exposed and nonexposed animals. The experimental rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 8 hours from the 1st to the 20th day of pregnancy. In all animals, the body weight, thymus and spleen, the number of white blood cells, thymocytes, splenocytes, and myelocaryocytes were determined. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the smoking rats showed a significant decrease in the weight of animals, the number of thymocytes and myelocaryocytes. A decreased body mass of animals and their thymus glands, lower number of thymocytes were registered in pup rats born from smoking females as compared with control animals. These changes in immunological parameters may be based on a number of possible reasons. On the one hand, tobacco smoke promotes activation of free-radical processes with a simultaneously decreased efficiency of antioxidant mechanisms. This activation may result from exposure to the components of tobacco smoke, in particular, chromium, as a metal of variable valence, as well as benzene, which is transformed by the free-radical oxidation mechanisms. On the other hand, some tobacco smoke components may promote apoptosis which plays a significant role in the cellular exhaustion of immunogenesis system. Moreover, a decreased number of thymocytes may be caused by their migration from cortical areas to the medulla, followed by release into bloodstream. Thus, the results obtained indicate that the detected changes in these parameters are more pronounced in pregnant rats who were exposed to tobacco smoke and their offspring, and expand the knowledge of changes in the immune system in the offspring of passively smoking animals. The presented data may present a basis for development of drugs that reduce toxic effect of ecotoxicants, including passive tobacco smoking.
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Liu, Yuechong, Lu Zheng, Bingying Xu, Gladstone Sagada, Jinzhi Zhang i Qingjun Shao. "Effects of Diets with Varying Astaxanthin from Yarrowia lipolytica Levels on the Growth, Feed Utilization, Metabolic Enzymes Activities, Antioxidative Status and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei". Fishes 7, nr 6 (27.11.2022): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060352.
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Litopenaeus vannamei was divided into seven groups (defined as diets A0–A6) and fed with diets respectively containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 g/kg Yarrowia lipolytica (astaxanthin content: 1.5%) and 3 g/kg Haematococcus pluvialis (astaxanthin content: 2%). After an eight-week feeding trial, the results reflected that different levels of Y. lipolytica and H. pluvialis could significantly increase the weight gain rate of L. vannamei (p < 0.05). The condition factor and weight gain rate of group A4 were significantly higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.05); the HSI significantly decreased with the increase of Y. lipolytica (p < 0.05). The addition of Y. lipolytica to the diet had significant effects on total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malonaldehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p < 0.05). The total protein and albumin of the A5 and A6 groups were significantly higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). The GSH-Px activity of the A5 group was the highest and the T-AOC of the A0 group was the lowest. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (I-NOS) increased with the addition of Y. lipolytica (p < 0.05). Y. lipolytica inclusion had no negative effect on physiological and biochemical parameters and some serum immune and antioxidant indexes (p > 0.05). Astaxanthin in Y. lipolytica had an obvious effect on body color. After cooking, the body color of the shrimp deepened with increasing Y. lipolytica content. The red body color of L. vannamei was significantly improved by adding yeasts hydrolysate 2~8 g/kg to the diet. According to the regression analysis between the level of Y. lipolytica added to the diets and the weight gain rates, the optimal level of Y. lipolytica is 4.64 g/kg.
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Xu, Haizhao, Jinpeng Yan, Yan Qin, Jingmao Xu, M. J. I. Shohag, Yanyan Wei i Minghua Gu. "Effect of Different Forms of Selenium on the Physiological Response and the Cadmium Uptake by Rice under Cadmium Stress". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 19 (24.09.2020): 6991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196991.
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Cadmium (Cd) is a pollutant toxic to plants and a potential threat to human health. Selenium (Se), though not essential for plants, has beneficial effects on plants under abiotic stress. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different forms of Se (Nano-Se, selenite, selenate, and SeMet) on accumulation, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms of Cd, as well as oxidative stress in rice seedlings. Cd (20 μmol·L−1) treatment significantly decreased biomass accumulation and chlorophyll content. The application of all Se forms, except selenate, mitigated the adverse effects of Cd on growth and chlorophyll content. The application of selenite, Nano-Se, and SeMet decreased root and shoot Cd concentrations as well as root-to-shoot Cd translocation in rice seedlings. Selenate application decreased shoot Cd concentration and root-to-shoot Cd translocation with no effect on root Cd concentration. Accordingly, Se increased the sequestration of Cd in the cell wall and vacuoles and decreased the active chemical form of Cd in rice seedlings. SeMet was the most effective supplement that decreased Cd concentration and enhanced Se concentration in the roots and shoots of rice seedlings. All forms of Se further enhanced catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and inhibited MDA accumulation. To conclude, Se influenced Cd accumulation and translocation in rice seedlings by altering the subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and antioxidant defense system under Cd stress. These effects were highly significant with SeMet treatment, probably due to better absorption and utilization by the plant.
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Song, Ruifang, Waqar Ahmed, Yujiao Tan i Zhengxiong Zhao. "Diff erent Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Nursery Stage Positively Aff ect the Activity of Defense-related Enzymes and Resistance of Tobacco Plant to Phytophthora nicotianae". Chiang Mai Journal of Science 49, nr 3 (31.05.2022): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2022.046.
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Black shank caused by Phytophthora nicotianae is a serious threat to the production of better-quality fl ue-cured tobacco. Protein’s are executors of plant functions and most disease resistance mechanisms in plants are related to differential expression of proteins. In our previous study, 17 different proteins induced by P. nicotianae were screened out through proteomics analysis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of three different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (High, medium, and low) at the seedling stage on the expression of these proteins, physiological response of fl ue-cured tobacco, and occurrence of black shank disease. Results of this study showed that before and after inoculation of P. nicotianae, the activity of defense-related enzymes except for MDA contents in tobacco plants grown under low- nitrogen level was higher than tobacco plants grown under the high-nitrogen level at seedling stage. Through analysis of 17 different proteins, we found the expression of 12 proteins (three proteins involved in photosynthesis, six proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, one protein involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle, one heat shock protein, and one 14-3-3 protein) were up-regulated in tobacco seedlings raised under low nitrogen level. However, the expression of fi ve pathogenesis-related proteins was not detected. This study highlights the effect of effi cient use of nitrogen fertilizer during the nursery growing stage for producing healthy tobacco seedlings. It is concluded that a proper supply of nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage ensures the quality production of tobacco seedlings and reduces the incidence of black shank disease.
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Yu, Hui Ping, Ding Qi Luo, Yuan Feng Dai i Xue Chen. "Screening and Control Effects of Antagonistic Bacteria against Tobacco Black Shank Disease". Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (marzec 2015): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.374.
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We collected 17 soil samples from tobacco fields in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province. A total of 247 bacterial strains were isolated and 19 pairs of antagonism against Phytophthora nicotianae by tablet dual culture. Then six antagonistic and compatibility better bacterial strains were selected.. Further by antibacterial, pot and field experiments, come to the strain combination B41B57 and L7L47 have best inhibitory effect. At last, identified B41 as Bacillus subtilis, L7, L47 is B.amyloliquefaciens, B57 is Pseudomonas.putida by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16SrDNA sequence analysis.
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Houlong, Jiang, Tian Fengjin, Wang Daibin, Xu Chen, Li Najia, Wang Hongfeng, Yang Chao i Chen Yiyin. "The effect of applying different amounts of nitrogen to tobacco seedlings on their growth and physiological characteristics". Australian Journal of Crop Science 11, nr 1 (20.01.2017): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.2017.11.01.262.
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Khan, Rayyan, Peilu Zhou, Xinghua Ma, Lei Zhou, Yuanhua Wu, Zia Ullah i Shusheng Wang. "Transcriptome Profiling, Biochemical and Physiological Analyses Provide New Insights towards Drought Tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum L." Genes 10, nr 12 (15.12.2019): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10121041.
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Drought stress is one of the main factors limiting crop production, which provokes a number of changes in plants at physiological, anatomical, biochemical and molecular level. To unravel the various mechanisms underpinning tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) drought stress tolerance, we conducted a comprehensive physiological, anatomical, biochemical and transcriptome analyses of three tobacco cultivars (i.e., HongHuaDaJinYuan (H), NC55 (N) and Yun Yan-100 (Y)) seedlings that had been exposed to drought stress. As a result, H maintained higher growth in term of less reduction in plant fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll content as compared with N and Y. Anatomical studies unveiled that drought stress had little effect on H by maintaining proper leaf anatomy while there were significant changes in the leaf anatomy of N and Y. Similarly, H among the three varieties was the least affected variety under drought stress, with more proline content accumulation and a powerful antioxidant defense system, which mitigates the negative impacts of reactive oxygen species. The transcriptomic analysis showed that the differential genes expression between HongHuaDaJinYuan, NC55 and Yun Yan-100 were enriched in the functions of plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. Compared to N and Y, the differentially expressed genes of H displayed enhanced expression in the corresponding pathways under drought stress. Together, our findings offer insights that H was more tolerant than the other two varieties, as evidenced at physiological, biochemical, anatomical and molecular level. These findings can help us to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms through the networks of various metabolic pathways mediating drought stress adaptation in tobacco.
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Shkidyuk, M. V., T. A. Don i O. K. Bedritskaya. "Complex estimation system for smokeless nicotine containing products". Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, nr 1 (3.06.2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-179-186.
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Smokeless nicotine containing products are very diverse and offered in flavored tobacco/non tobacco forms, packed in portioned sachets of different mass, dimensions, and colors, with different nicotine content. In RF of chewing tobacco is regulated by Federal law № 268, sucking tobacco (snus) is prohibited for wholesale and retail trade according to FL № 456. Federal law № 303 equates consuming of non tobacco nicotine containing products for chewing and sucking to tobacco consumption. Absence of regulations for nicotine containing products with similar package, but different in composition and physiological effect requires elaboration methods for complex estimation of smokeless products with methods verification in order to their control. Monitoring of studies conducted in various scientific centers on the issue of toxicological assessment of smokeless tobacco / non-tobacco nicotine-containing products has been carried Analysis of consumer’s indicators of smokeless products includes organoleptic testing and measuring nicotine content as toxicity indicator. It is discovered that nicotine content in studied samples varies from 0.3 to 7.6 %. Quantity of absorbed nicotine during cigarette smoking is criterion of sufficient nicotine concentration in smokeless products, extracted through oral mucosa. Base (carrier) for non tobacco products is usually powdered microcrystal cellulose or grinded plant matter (peppermint) of different flavor and color. Structure of smokeless products is defined and their identification features are offered, including extra feature – tobacco presence in product, defined by presence of tobacco specific nitrosamines. As the result of the researches adoption of nicotine content limit of 20 – 30 mg per portion is offered. Complex estimation system for smokeless products is elaborated. It includes: organoleptic testing of consumer’s properties, spectrophotometric method for nicotine content measuring, thermogravimetric determination of the mass fraction of moisture, optical microscopy and luminiscence analysis for defining product structure in order to its identification, gas chromatography for defining humectants and LC-MS for measuring content of tobacco specific nitrosaminescontent.
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Luis de Menezes, Edson, i Risely Ferraz-Almeida. "𝘚𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘩𝘶𝘮 𝘴𝘶𝘥𝘢𝘯𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘦 AS COVER CROP AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS ON INCIDENCE OF 𝘚𝘤𝘭𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘢 𝘴𝘤𝘭𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘳𝘶𝘮 AND YIELD OF TOBACCO". BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE - Revista de Agricultura 96, nr 3 (29.12.2021): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v96i3.4286.
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Brazil is the world's second largest producer of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) with part of its production concentrated in Santa Catarina. The incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in tobacco areas has promoted a decrease in productivity, and control alternatives are needed due to the limited use of agrochemicals for the crop. With the hypothesis that the sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense) and Trichoderma harzianum reduce the attack of S. sclerotiorum in tobacco crops on the coast of Santa Catarina; the objective here was to test the incidence of S. sclerotiorum and the use of sudan grass associated with biological products on tobacco yield. A study with application of straw from sudan grass (SG); SG + Trichoderma harzianum (TH); SG + TH + Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil; SG + TH + Bacillus subtilis Bacillus licheniforimis; and SG + TH + Bacillus subtilis in a conventional system of tobacco were carried out in São João do Sul and Santa Rosa do Sul, Santa Catarina. Results showed that in São João do Sul, there was no difference between the treatments in yield and incidence of S. sclerotiorum. However, in Santa Rosa do Sul, the association of SG + TH, SG + TH + B. subtilis B. licheniforimis, and SG + TH + B. subtilis presented greater yields than others. In both sites, sudan grass and associations promoted a higher financial return compared to control. More studies are requested to elucidate the physiological effect of biological products and sudan grass as a cover crop on tobacco.
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Yang, Yongfeng, Zhixiao Yang, Shizhou Yu i Hongli Chen. "Organic Acids Exuded From Roots Increase the Available Potassium Content in the Rhizosphere Soil: A Rhizobag Experiment in Nicotiana tabacum". HortScience 54, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13569-18.
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Organic acid secretion from higher plant roots into the rhizosphere soil plays an important role in nutrient acquisition and metal detoxification; however, their precise functions and the related mechanisms in abiotic stress tolerance remain poorly understood. Tobacco is an important crop plant, so thoroughly elucidating these factors in tobacco is of high priority. In the present study, the activation effect on soil potassium (K), contents of exuded organic acids, and physiological changes in the roots of various tobacco varieties under both normal K supply and K-deficiency stress were investigated. Our results showed that one high-K variety (ND202) exhibited a significantly higher total content of organic acids in the root exudates and the highest available K content in the rhizosphere soil, compared with two common ones (K326 and NC89). Moreover, the high-K tobacco variety was less affected in terms of root vigor under K-deficiency stress, and displayed greater increases in the activities of the stress-resistant enzymes consisting of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Taken together, these results provide evidence that tobacco roots exude large amounts of organic acids to increase the available K content in the rhizosphere soil and improve the utilization rate of soil K.
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Elwan, Hamada, Mostafa Abdelhakeam, Sally El-Shafei, Atef Abd El-Rahman, Zienhom Ismail, Abdalrahman Zanouny, Emad Shaker, Salim S. Al-Rejaie, Mohamed Mohany i Shaaban Elnesr. "Efficacy of Dietary Supplementation with Capsicum Annum L on Performance, Hematology, Blood Biochemistry and Hepatic Antioxidant Status of Growing Rabbits". Animals 10, nr 11 (5.11.2020): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112045.
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Animals fed with a high amount of a wide range of antioxidants in their diet are significantly protected against oxidative stress. Powerful antioxidant substances such as vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids are present naturally in red-hot pepper (RHP). This study hypothesized that using RHP may provide protection against oxidative stress and enhance animal physiological responses. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding New Zealand white rabbits with RHP-supplemented diets on their physiological and biochemical responses. New Zealand White rabbits (age = 6 weeks, n = 48) were split equally into three groups (n = 16 in each group). One group was fed a basal diet only (control group), with the other two groups fed a basal diet along with 1 and 2% RHP. Mass spectrometric analysis for the RHP methanolic extract showed some phenolic compounds, such as p-coumaric, sinapinic acids, vanillic, and luteolin, as well as catechin and its isomers. Hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, and CAT) were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) by feeding rabbits diets supplemented with 1 or 2% RHP. The addition of RHP significantly enhanced immune-responses; phagocytic activity, chemotaxis, TIg, IgG, IgM, and IgA increased when growing rabbits were fed RHP compared with the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1 or 2% RHP may play a role as an enhancer of growth and immune response in growing rabbits.
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Wang, Tianci, Zikun Jia, Canghai An, Ping Ren, Yiting Yang, Wanting Wang i Ling Su. "The Protective Effect of Auricularia cornea var. Li. Polysaccharide on Alcoholic Liver Disease and Its Effect on Intestinal Microbiota". Molecules 28, nr 24 (8.12.2023): 8003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248003.
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This study’s objective was to examine the protective effect and mechanism of a novel polysaccharide (AYP) from Auricularia cornea var. Li. on alcoholic liver disease in mice. AYP was extracted from the fruiting bodies of Auricularia cornea var. Li. by enzymatic extraction and purified by DEAE-52 and Sephacryl S-400. Structural features were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared analysis. Additionally, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) mice were established to explore the hepatoprotective activity of AYP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/d). Here, our results showed that AYP presented high purity with a molecular weight of 4.64 × 105 Da. AYP was composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, ribos, glucuronic acid and fucose (molar ratio: 39.5:32.9:23.6:18.3:6.5:5.8:5.8:3.3:2:1.1). Notably, AYP remarkably reduced liver function impairment (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC)), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione (gGSH)) in mice with ALD. Meanwhile, the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were reduced in ALD mice treated by AYP. Furthermore, the AYPH group was the most effective and was therefore chosen to further investigate its effect on the intestinal microbiota (bacteria and fungi) of ALD mice. Based on 16s rRNA and ITS-1 sequencing data, AYP influenced the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota to mitigate the damage of ALD mice, possibly by raising the abundance of favorable microbiota (Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Kazachstania) and diminishing the abundance of detrimental microbiota (Lactobacillus, Mortierella and Candida). This discovery opens new possibilities for investigating physiological activity in A. cornea var. Li. and provides theoretical references for natural liver-protecting medication research.
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Koryagina, N. A., A. N. Zhigulev, A. N. Zabotina, R. O. Dreval i K. Y. Muravyeva. "Socio-economic modeling of the effect of smokers’ transition to smokeless technologies". Clinician 16, nr 3 (15.01.2023): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1818-8338-2022-16-3-k672.
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Research objective: Quantitative estimation of social-demographic and social-economic impact of the switch of traditional cigarettes smoking to modified risk tobacco products consumption, based on effect upon smoking-related mortality and diseases rates.Methods. Target group – consumers of smoking tobacco: conventional cigarettes (CC) and modified risk tobacco products (MRTP). Base of calculations – analysis of available time series for: CC and MRTP consumption, life expectancy and healthy life expectancy coefficients, statistics on smoking-related mortality and diseases rates, including data on key nosologies (malignant neoplasms of respiratory system, digestive organs, urinary tract; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; circulatory diseases; cerebrovascular diseases.Results. We implemented prognoses for all the above mentioned parameters to year 2035, calculated direct medical and indirect costs for demographic and economic loss with attention to budget impact analysis, developed five scenarios based on different CC and MRTP consumption.The model of switching from CC to MRTP consumption proves a significant decline of demographic and economic burden even with rather modest MRTP replacement for CC. With current practices of switching from CC to MRTP remaining, during 2021–2035 summary impact would result in 3.6 mln of years saved, 7.7 mln of healthy years saved, 120 thous. of mortal cases and 345 thous. diseases cases prevented. The economic burden would be 3.3 trillion rubles lower.Conclusion. Smoking cessation is the optimal method to reduce health risks, and state policy for stimulation of smoking quitting is necessary. Along with that, transition from CC to MRTP may be an alternative way to reduce health risks for those smokers with long smoking history and either psychological or physiological causes who cannot quit smoking.Even small in the terms of percent transition from CC to MRTP may result in significant decrease of demographic and economic burden on the national scale.
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Breygina, Maria, Dmitry Kochkin, Alexander Voronkov, Tatiana Ivanova, Ksenia Babushkina i Ekaterina Klimenko. "Plant Hormone and Fatty Acid Screening of Nicotiana tabacum and Lilium longiflorum Stigma Exudates". Biomolecules 13, nr 9 (27.08.2023): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13091313.
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Pollen germination in vivo on wet stigmas is assisted by the receptive fluid—stigma exudate. Its exact composition is still unknown because only some components have been studied. For the first time, hormonal screening was carried out, and the fatty acid (FA) composition of lipid-rich (Nicotiana tabacum) and sugar-rich (Lilium longiflorum) exudates was studied. Screening of exudate for the presence of plant hormones using HPLC-MS revealed abscisic acid (ABA) in tobacco stigma exudate at the two stages of development, at pre-maturity and in mature stigmas awaiting pollination, increasing at the fertile stage. To assess physiological significance of ABA on stigma, we tested the effect of this hormone in vitro. ABA concentration found in the exudate strongly stimulated the germination of tobacco pollen, a lower concentration had a weaker effect, increasing the concentration did not increase the effect. GC-MS analysis showed that both types of exudate are characterized by a predominance of saturated FAs. The lipids of tobacco stigma exudate contain significantly more myristic, oleic, and linoleic acids, resulting in a higher unsaturation index relative to lily stigma exudate lipids. The latter, in turn, contain more 14-hexadecenoic and arachidic acids. Both exudates were found to contain significant amounts of squalene. The possible involvement of saturated FAs, ABA, and squalene in various exudate functions, as well as their potential relationship on the stigma, is discussed.
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Zhang, Ziqiang, Jingyi Xu, Xin Zhang, Jiajia Wang, Hui Xie, Yingying Sun, Qianwen Zhang, Zhaoyang Chang i Yumei Liu. "Protective Effect of SeMet on Liver Injury Induced by Ochratoxin A in Rabbits". Toxins 14, nr 9 (8.09.2022): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090628.
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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is second only to aflatoxin in toxicity among mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that selenomethionine (SeMet) has a protective effect on mycotoxin-induced toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of SeMet on OTA-induced liver injury in rabbits. Sixty 35-day-old rabbits with similar body weight were randomly divided into five groups: control group, OTA group (0.2 mg/kg OTA), OTA + 0.2 mg/kg SeMet group, OTA + 0.4 mg/kg SeMet group and OTA + 0.6 mg/kg SeMet group. Rabbits were fed different doses of the SeMet diet for 21 d, and OTA was administered for one week from day 15 (the control group was provided the same dose of NaHCO3 solution). The results showed that 0.4 mg/kg SeMet could significantly improve the liver injury induced by OTA poisoning. SeMet supplementation can improve the changes in physiological blood indexes caused by OTA poisoning in rabbits and alleviate pathological damage to the rabbit liver. SeMet also increased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC and significantly decreased the contents of ROS, MDA, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, effectively alleviating the oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by OTA poisoning. In addition, OTA poisoning inhibits Nrf2 and HO-1 levels, ultimately leading to peroxide reaction, while SeMet activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway and enhances the expression of the HO-1 downstream Nrf2 gene. These results suggest that Se protects the liver from OTA-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 expression.
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Lima, Yasmin Chagas, Ana Raquel Lopes Soares de Almeida, Adelia Vitória Domingos Pontes, Oriel Herrera Bonilla i Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena. "Germination performance and vigor of tobacco seeds coated with a chitosan-based bioproduct". Research, Society and Development 11, nr 15 (13.11.2022): e158111537064. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i15.37064.
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The biopolymer coating use on seeds has aroused the interest of the agricultural sector due to its low cost, reduction of impacts on the environment and improvements in productivity and yield of major crops, being chitosan an important polymer for application in seeds. Considering this knowledge, the present study aimed to evaluate the application effect of a bioproduct based on chitosan, from the parameters of physiological quality, vigor, and biochemistry in tobacco seeds. Seeds of the Virginia variety were submitted to treatments: 0.0 (witness); 0.5; 1; 2.5; 5; and 10% were used to obtain first count values, germination test, seedling length and fresh mass, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. The bioproduct had a positive effect on chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids at 10% FTSeed concentration and seedling length under 5.25% FTSeed. The study pointed out that the bioproduct has a favorable action on the development and leaf pigments, being an alternative biostimulant with less impact on the environment for the agricultural sector.
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Eremeyshvili, Avtandil V., i Victoria V. Kazakova. "Effect of smoking on heavy metal content in biosubstrates in 25–60 years males". Hygiene and sanitation 102, nr 6 (30.07.2023): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-601-604.
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Introduction. Tobacco smoking can be designate as one of the most common world problems that negatively affects on the functional activity of the human body.
The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of influence of tobacco smoking on the content of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in biosubstrates of employees with different smoking experience in the absence of significant anthropogenic and man-made burden in the place of residence.
Materials and methods. This study is experimental. To investigate the state of health of the population, hair samples were taken from 25 to 60 years male smokers aged, working at the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Ivanovo region, living in the same conditions. The study method included the use of inversion voltammetry to identify the relationship between smoking history and the level of accumulation of heavy metals in the human body. We used statistical analysis tools toward established the reliability of the results p<0.05. The data were compared with the established levels of the normal content of metals in the centile intervals of A.V. Skalny.
Results. We determined that, depending on duration of smoking, the level of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd) in the biosubstrates of the studied sample significantly increases (p<0.05). The indicators significantly exceed the physiological norm, while the copper concentration decreases, but is within the reference values.
Limitations. The limitations of the study are limited to the possibilities of using the selected research methods and the presence of uncertainties in obtaining the characteristics of the objects of study.
Conclusion. Tobacco smoking have influence on the content of heavy metals in the human body and accumulates during life.
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Qin, Li-Jun, Dan Zhao, Yi Zhang i De-Gang Zhao. "Selectable marker-free co-expression of Nicotiana rustica CN and Nicotiana tabacum HAK1 genes improves resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco". Functional Plant Biology 42, nr 8 (2015): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp14356.
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The viral disease caused by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most prevalent viral disease in many tobacco production areas. A breeding strategy based on resistance genes is an effective method for improving TMV resistance in tobacco. Also, the physiological status of plants is also critical to disease resistance improvement. Potassium ion is one of the most abundant inorganic nutrients in plant cells, and mediates plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Improving K+ content in soil by fertilising can enhance diseases resistance of crops. However, the K+ absorption in plants depends mostly on K+ transporters located in cytoplasmic membrane. Therefore, the encoding genes for K+ transporters are putative candidates to target for improving tobacco mosaic virus resistance. In this work, the synergistic effect of a N-like resistance gene CN and a tobacco putative potassium transporter gene HAK1 was studied. The results showed that TMV-resistance in CN-HAK1-containing tobaccos was significantly enhanced though a of strengthening leaf thickness and reduction in the size of necrotic spots compared with only CN-containing plants, indicating the improvement of potassium nutrition in plant cells could increase the tobacco resistance to TMV by reducing the spread of the virus. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) analysis for TMV-CP expression in the inoculated leaf of the transgenic and wild-type plants also supported the conclusion. Further, the results of defence-related determination including antioxidative enzymes (AOEs) activity, salicylic acid (SA) content and the expression of resistance-related genes demonstrated CN with HAK1 synergistically enhanced TMV-resistance in transgenic tobaccos. Additionally, the HAK1- overexpression significantly improved the photosynthesis and K+-enriching ability in trans-CN-HAK1 tobaccos, compared with other counterparts. Finally, this work provides a method for screening new varieties of marker-free and safe transgenic antiviral tobacco.
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Zhang, Y., i D. M. Roberts. "Expression of soybean nodulin 26 in transgenic tobacco. Targeting to the vacuolar membrane and effects on floral and seed development." Molecular Biology of the Cell 6, nr 1 (styczeń 1995): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.6.1.109.
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Nodulin 26 is an integral membrane protein of the symbiosome membrane of nitrogen-fixing soybean nodules. We expressed a nodulin 26 cDNA in transgenic tobacco (TN26 tobacco) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter to study subcellular targeting and the physiological effect(s) of its expression. Based on Northern and Western blots, the expression of nodulin 26 mRNA and protein in transgenic plants is high in apical shoot sections, flowers, and stems, low in mature leaves, and absent in roots. Western blot analysis revealed high levels of transgenic nodulin 26 protein in tonoplast membranes. In contrast, nodulin 26 protein was not found in isolated plasma membranes, the soluble fraction, nor in chloroplast and mitochondria-enriched membrane fractions. About 50-60% of the flowers and pods from TN26 tobacco plants abscised prematurely. Seed capsule size and seed fill per capsule from the remainder of surviving flowers were about 50% of that of control plants. Pollen viability was found to be normal, but flowers from TN26 tobacco plants showed shorter anther filaments compared with control plants. Normal seed production and capsule size was restored by manually crossing the stigmas from TN26 plants with isolated pollen from either transgenic or control plants. Thus, the aberrant filament growth could have resulted in the reproductive defects associated with the plants.
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W. Al-Bideri, Adnan, Alaauddin S.M.Al-sallami i Shaymaa H.Alsaaedi. "Protective Role of Pomegranate Peel (Punica granatum L) against Thioacetamide-Induced cirrhosis in a Rat Model". Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 9, nr 2 (4.11.2017): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v9.i2.7592.
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This study was designed to determine the effects of pomegranate peel on various antioxidiants measurements in liver cirrhosis of rats induced by thioacetamide.Fifty-seven male rats aged 13–15 weeks were randomly divided into 15 categories containing 5 rats per category, and were treated with either TAA, PP, or PP plus TAA or Selenium plus TAA or administered with 0.9% physiological saline solution as a control. The hepatoprotective effect of herbs was evaluated by measuring levels of antioxidiant marker enzymes such as Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and measurement Malondialdehyde (MDA). The histological studies were also carried out to support the above parameters by using special stain Haemotoxlin & eosin and using immunofluorescent staining to examine the distribution of DDR2 in the liver. The study found that the supplementation of pomegranate peel significantly (p< 0.05) reduced the damaging effects on the liver by TAA. GSH, SOD increased in the treatment group, but serum MDA level was declined due to the hepatic injury induced. A comparative histopathological research of the liver between different groups demonstrated that pomegranate peel, drive to normal liver architecture suggesting they may use as a hepatoprotective alternative medication
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Uryadova, Galina Timofeevna, i Natal'ya Yur'evna Rusetskaya. "EFFECT OF TOBACCO AND ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES ON HEART RATE AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN SMOKERS". Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal, nr 2 (28.06.2024): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2024-2-119-127.
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Smoking is widespread among the young working population in Russia. Moreover, e-cigarettes are very popular among smokers as an alternative to traditional ones. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of traditional cigarettes and modern e-cigarettes on the physiological characteristics of smokers, namely young people aged 18–21. Materials and Methods. The study involved young people agd 18–21 with at least 1 year of smoking experience and non-smokers. The trial participants were organized into three groups: a control group (non-smokers) and two experimental groups (traditional cigarette smokers and e-cigarette smokers). The research methods included physical tests, such as a breathing test, pressure measurements at rest, at load and after smoking, and calculation of cardiovascular state parameters. Results. During the experiment, no changes in blood pressure were observed in e-cigarette smokers.In traditional cigarette smokers, an increase in systolic blood pressure was observed at load. However, diastolic blood pressure was normal. It indicated a decrease in the distensibility of arterial vessels. An increase in heart rate was noted in both cigarette and e-cigarette smokers at load and immediately after smoking. The predominance of the sympathetic influence on the cardiovascular system was determined in all trial subjects. The obtained data indicated a violation in cardiovascular system activity in all subjects before and after exercise, and after smoking. At the same time, cardiovascular system activity deteriorated in the experimental groups after smoking. Under normal conditions and after exercise, all trial subjects showed tension in their adaptation mechanisms. After smoking in both experimental groups cardiovascular system adaptation potential was unsatisfactory. Conclusion. An assessment of physical parameters in smokers revealed a negative impact of tobacco and e-cigarettes on the cardiovascular system, namely on heart rate, regulation of cardiovascular system activity, adaptation mechanisms, which was likely to increase with smoking history.
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Wang, Wenqian, Shengyan Su, Ping Dong, Wenrong Feng, Jianlin Li, Chengfeng Zhang i Yongkai Tang. "Effects of Seasonal Photoperiod on Growth, Lipid Metabolism, and Antioxidant Response in the Huanghe Carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)". Fishes 8, nr 12 (1.12.2023): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8120595.
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Photoperiod is one of the most important environmental cues for organisms, and it plays a crucial role in regulating feeding, behavior, growth, and metabolism. However, seasonal photoperiods are often overlooked in carp culture or experiments, with a poorly understood effect on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in fish. To explore the effects of seasonal photoperiods, we exposed Huanghe carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) to summer photoperiod (14 h light:10 h dark) and winter photoperiod (10 h light:14 h dark) daylight conditions in an eight-week experiment. Our results suggested that the winter photoperiod significantly increased the liver TG level as well as the transcript levels of genes related to lipid synthesis, indicating that the lipid metabolism in Huanghe carp liver was enhanced compared to summer photoperiod conditions, and that lipid deposition may be responsible for the increase in body weight level and hepatosomatic index. Additionally, MDA, GSH, GSH-PX, and T-AOC levels were significantly elevated in the liver of fish under the winter photoperiod, suggesting that Huanghe carp responded to winter photoperiod exposure-induced oxidative stress in the liver by enhancing the antioxidant response. Based on transcriptome analysis, the winter photoperiod activated hepatic autophagy response and the FOXO signaling pathway in Huanghe carp. Combined with the correlation analysis, the Huanghe carp maintains the physiological health of the liver by activating the FOXO signaling pathway-mediated cell cycle regulation and autophagy response in response to oxidative stress during winter photoperiod exposure. Our study provides the first evidence for the physiological regulation of the liver in Huanghe carp under seasonal photoperiod stimulation.
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Petkova, Mariana, Slaveya Petrova, Velichka Spasova-Apostolova i Mladen Naydenov. "Tobacco Plant Growth-Promoting and Antifungal Activities of Three Endophytic Yeast Strains". Plants 11, nr 6 (11.03.2022): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11060751.
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In this research, the biosynthetic and biocontrol potential of endophytic yeast to improve the growth and development of tobacco has been elucidated. Three yeast strains were enriched and isolated from different plant tissues. Partial sequence analysis of ITS5-5.8-ITS4 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA with universal primers identified YD5, YE1, and YSW1 as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), Zygosaccharomyces bailii (Z. bailii), and Saccharomyces kudriavzevii (S. kudriavzevii), respectively. When cultivated in a medium supplemented with 0.1% L-tryptophan, isolated yeast strains produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The capacities of those strains to improve the mobility of phosphorus and synthesize siderophores has been proven. Their antimicrobial activities against several Solanaceae plant pathogenic fungi (Alternaria solani pathovar. tobacco, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium solani pathovar. phaseoli) were determined. S. cerevisiae YD5, Z. bailii YE1, and S. kudriavzevii YSW1 inhibited the growth of all tested pathogens. Yeast strains were tested for endophytic colonization of tobacco by two different inoculation methods: soil drench (SD) and leaf spraying (LS). To establish colonization in the various tissues of tested tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) plants, samples were taken on the seventh, fourteenth, and twenty-first days after treatment (DAT), and explants were inoculated on yeast malt agar (YMA). Both techniques of inoculation showed a high frequency of colonization from 83.33% to 100%. To determine the effectiveness of the microbial endophytes, their effect on some physiological processes in the plant were analyzed, such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity, and transpiration intensity. The effect of single and double treatment with yeast inoculum on the development and biochemical parameters of tobacco was reported. Plants have the ability of structural and functional adaptation to stress effects of different natures. All treated plants had a higher content of photosynthetic pigments compared to the control. Photosynthesis is probably more intense, and growth stimulation has been observed. The chlorophyll a/b ratio remained similar, and the total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio slightly increased as a result of elevated chlorophyll levels. The most significant stimulating effect was recorded in tobacco plants treated by foliar spraying with Z. bailii YE1 and S. cerevisiae YD5. In contrast, S. kudriavzevii YSW1 had a better effect when applied as a soil drench. Thus, S. cerevisiae YD5, Z. bailii YE1, and S. kudriavzevii YSW1 have a high potential to be used as a biocontrol agents in organic agriculture.
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Karkanis, A., D. Bilalis i A. Efthimiado. "The Effect of Green Manure and Irrigation on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Virginia (Flue-Cured) Organic Tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum)". International Journal of Agricultural Research 2, nr 11 (15.10.2007): 910–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2007.910.919.
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Moustafa, Eman, Foad Farrag, Mostafa Shukry, Haguer Din i Amira Omar. "Ameliorative effect of BIO-MOS® as a dietary supplementation on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status, and immunity linked gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila". Open Veterinary Journal 14, (1) (Zagazig Veterinary Confer (2024): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.11.
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Background: Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) usage in fish production has drawn more attention because of its positive benefits on disease resistance and fish performance. Aim: The ongoing research was executed to assess the potential advantages of Bio-Mos® dietary supplementation regarding the growth outcomes, physiological response, oxidative biomarkers and immunity linked gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings exposed to bacterial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Methods: Four experimental diets were developed using 30% protein baseline diet, with Bio-Mos® added at variable levels; 0.0, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg, respectively. 240 healthy Nile tilapia fingerlings were split into four groups at random and assigned into 12 glass aquarium (three replicates of 20 fish/ treatment). Diets were admitted at 3% rate of fish biomass/aquarium for 8 weeks. Following the feeding trial, fish from every treatment were intraperitoneally injected with pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, and then observed for 15 days to record the survival rate post challenge. Results: Results revealed significant improvement in growth performance, physiological response, immunological parameters (Phagocytic index, Phagocytic activity, lysozyme) and antioxidant parameters (catalase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) among Bio-Mos® treated groups. Moreover, Bio-Mos® increased the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, genes linked to the liver immune system. growth related genes (GHr), antioxidant related genes (SOD and GSH-Px). In fish subjected to pathogens, dietary MOS supplementation could significantly lower oxidative stress, showing promise as a preventative supplement for Nile tilapia in place of antibiotics. On the other hand, Bio-Mos®considerably improved each of the three intestinal morphological measures (villus width, villus length and crypt depth), showing the best overall intestinal structure-improving impact. The challenge with A. hydrophila caused marked degenerative alterations in the intestine, hepatopancreas, spleen and posterior kidney of Nile tilapia, in the control group. However, lesion severity was greatly decreased and showed marked amelioration with increased concentration of Bio-Mos®. The A. hydrophila challenged groups revealed 100% survival rate mainly among the Bio-Mos®supplemented groups. Conclusion: It is recommended to enrich the Nile tilapia fingerlings diets with 2 g.kg−1 of MOS for better results on growth rate, physiological response, immunological response and intestinal absorptive capacity.
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Freitas, Cleverson D. T. de, Beatriz C. Nishi, Camila T. M. do Nascimento, Maria Z. R. Silva, Eduardo H. S. Bezerra, Bruno A. M. Rocha, Thalles B. Grangeiro, João P. B. de Oliveira, Pedro F. Noronha Souza i Márcio V. Ramos. "Characterization of Three Osmotin-Like Proteins from Plumeria rubra and Prospection for Adiponectin Peptidomimetics". Protein & Peptide Letters 27, nr 7 (13.08.2020): 593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866527666200129154357.
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Background: Osmotin-Like Proteins (OLPs) have been purified and characterized from different plant tissues, including latex fluids. Besides its defensive role, tobacco osmotin seems to induce adiponectin-like physiological effects, acting as an agonist. However, molecular information about this agonistic effect on adiponectin receptors has been poorly exploited and other osmotins have not been investigated yet. Objective and Methods: The present study involved the characterization of three OLPs from Plumeria rubra latex and molecular docking studies to evaluate the interaction between them and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Results: P. rubra Osmotin-Like Proteins (PrOLPs) exhibited molecular masses from 21 to 25 kDa and isoelectric points ranging from 4.4 to 7.7. The proteins have 16 cysteine residues, which are involved in eight disulfide bonds, conserved in the same positions as other plant OLPs. The threedimensional (3D) models exhibited the three typical domains of OLPs, and molecular docking analysis showed that two PrOLP peptides interacted with two adiponectin receptors similarly to tobacco osmotin peptide. Conclusion: As observed for tobacco osmotin, the latex osmotins of P. rubra exhibited compatible interactions with adiponectin receptors. Therefore, these plant defense proteins (without known counterparts in humans) are potential tools to study modulation of glucose metabolism in type II diabetes, where adiponectin plays a pivotal role in homeostasis.
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Vogel, Dominic, Paul Hills i John P. Moore. "Strigolactones GR-24 and Nijmegen Applications Result in Reduced Susceptibility of Tobacco and Grapevine Plantlets to Botrytis cinerea Infection". Plants 12, nr 18 (7.09.2023): 3202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12183202.
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Priming agents are plant defence-inducing compounds which can prompt a state of protection but may also aid in plant growth and interactions with beneficial microbes. The synthetic strigolactones (±)-GR24 and Nijmegen-1 were evaluated as potential priming agents for induced resistance against Botrytis cinerea in tobacco and grapevine plants. The growth and stress response profiles of B. cinerea to strigolactones were also investigated. Soil drench treatment with strigolactones induced resistance in greenhouse-grown tobacco plants and restricted lesion development. The mode of action appeared to function by priming redox-associated compounds to produce an anti-oxidant protective response for limiting the infection. The results obtained in the in vitro assays mirrored that of the greenhouse-grown plants. Exposure of B. cinerea to the strigolactones resulted in increased hyphal branching, with (±)-GR24 stimulating a stronger effect than Nijmegen-1 by affecting colony diameter and radial growth. An oxidative stress response was observed, with B. cinerea exhibiting increased ROS and SOD levels when grown with strigolactones. This study identified the application of strigolactones as potential priming agents to induce disease resistance in both tobacco and grapevine plants. In addition, strigolactones may alter the ROS homeostasis of B. cinerea, resulting in both morphological and physiological changes, thereby reducing virulence.