Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Tithes, France, 18th century

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  1. Artykuły w czasopismach
  2. Rozprawy doktorskie
  3. Książki
  4. Części książek
  5. Streszczenia konferencji

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Tithes, France, 18th century”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Tithes, France, 18th century"

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Bonner, Elizabeth. "Inheritance, war and antiquarianism". Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 143 (30.11.2014): 339–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.143.339.361.

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This article concerns the establishment in France of the Lennox-Stuarts/Stewarts of Darnley at the height of the Hundred Years War in the 1420s. In time, they were to become possibly the single most important family involved in the politics and diplomacy of the monarchies and government in the kingdoms of Scotland, France and England during the entire 15th and 16th centuries. This research also concerns a re-evaluation of the works of those 18th- and 19th-century antiquarians who have been the principal authors of this family's Histories, by verifying their interpretations of sources, in particular their manuscript sources in the archives and libraries of all three ancient kingdoms. This is in line with recent reviews of the works of antiquarians of all eras; but the works of the 18th-century antiquarians have been of particular interest. Thus, the history of this family has relied, up until now, entirely on the works of antiquarians which, due to general pejorative views of their publications, have suffered a seeming distrust by modern professional historians. Finally, recent research into the private Stuart archives at the Chateau de La Verrerie demonstrates the rationale and legal mechanisms by which Charles VII intervened in 1437 regarding the inheritance of Sir Alan Stewart of Darnley's seigneuries d'Aubigny et Concressault by his brother John. This document is important, as it set a precedence for later legal inheritance and transfer of the titles of the seigneuries in the family, and ultimately to transferring the lands and title to the Scottish Lennox-Stuarts/Stewarts and their descendents in the 16th century.
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Tipton, Charles M. "The emergence of Applied Physiology within the discipline of Physiology". Journal of Applied Physiology 121, nr 2 (1.08.2016): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00767.2015.

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Despite the availability and utilization of the physiology textbooks authored by Albrecht von Haller during the 18th century that heralded the modern age of physiology, not all physicians or physiologists were satisfied with its presentation, contents, or application to medicine. Initial reasons were fundamental disagreements between the “mechanists,” represented by Boerhaave, Robinson, and von Haller, and the “vitalists,” represented by the faculty and graduates of the Montpellier School of Medicine in France, notably, Bordeu and Barthez. Subsequently, objections originated from Europe, United Kingdom, and the United States in publications that focused not only on the teaching of physiology to medical and secondary students, but on the specific applications of the content of physiology to medicine, health, hygiene, pathology, and chronic diseases. At the turn of the 20th century, texts began to appear with applied physiology in their titles and in 1926, physician Samson Wright published a textbook entitled Applied Physiology that was intended for both medical students and the medical profession. Eleven years later, physicians Best and Taylor published The Physiological Basis of Medical Practice: A University of Toronto Texbook in Applied Physiology. Although both sets of authors defined the connection between applied physiology and physiology, they failed to define the areas of physiology that were included within applied physiology. This was accomplished by the American Physiological Society (APS) Publications Committee in 1948 with the publication of the Journal of Appplied Physiology, that stated the word “applied” would broadly denote human physiology whereas the terms stress and environment would broadly include work, exercise, plus industrial, climatic and social factors. NIH established a study section (SS) devoted to applied physiology in 1964 which remained active until 2001 when it became amalgamated into other SSs. Before the end of the 20th century when departments were changing their titles to reflect a stronger science orientation, many established laboratories and offered degree programs devoted to Applied Physiology. We concluded that Applied Physiology has been an important contributor to the discipline of physiology while becoming an integral component of APS.
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Gołaszewski, Łukasz. "Dziesięcina w dawnym prawie polskim XVI–XVIII wieku na tle europejskim". Studia Iuridica, nr 88 (13.12.2021): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2021-88.5.

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The article is shortly describing the history of tithes in the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. During the 16–18 centuries, the nobility achieved their primary goals: 1. establishing the conversion of tithes in sheaves or grains into money, 2. determining the nobility’s courts as exclusively appropriate in cases about tithes. However, tithes in different parts of Europe were subject to, sometimes similar, changes. Consequently, the article describes the history of tithes in England, France, Germany, and other countries. Consequently, this topic is perceived as interesting for comparative studies, especially about the oneri reali.
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Jewuła, Łukasz, Tomasz Kargol i Krzysztof Ślusarek. "The Polish Village in the Face of Political, Social and Economic Changes From 1772-1815: A Study of Western Lesser Poland (Małopolska)". Studia Historyczne 62, nr 4(248) (19.07.2022): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.04.04.

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The article examines the impact of social, economic and political changes of the second half of 18th century and the beginning of 19th century on the functioning of rural society of Lesser Poland province. The study considers the situation of peasants, nobles and the clergy. The first part of the article presents the state of research on the problem and the available sources. The second part is devoted to the presentation of selected examples of social relations observed in contemporary Lesser Poland rural society. Conflicts between landowners and lease owners over abused peasant labour, debates over tithes, abuses of state officials and peasant resistance (i.e. peasant desertions, court cases) are discussed.
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Wilson, Anthony. "17th- and Early 18th-Century France". Musical Times 136, nr 1826 (kwiecień 1995): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1004174.

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Hilaire-Perez, Liliane. "Invention and the State in 18th-Century France". Technology and Culture 32, nr 4 (październik 1991): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3106156.

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Simon, Jonathan. "Mineralogy and mineral collections in 18th-century France". Endeavour 26, nr 4 (grudzień 2002): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(02)01467-9.

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Hilaire-Pérez, Liliane. "Invention and the State in 18th-Century France". Technology and Culture 32, nr 4 (październik 1991): 911–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.1991.0003.

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Dębowski, Marek. "A HUNDRED YEARS OF RESEARCH ON THE 18TH‑CENTURY THEATRE IN POLAND AND FRANCE". Wiek Oświecenia, nr 38 (25.09.2022): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/0137-6942.wo.38.4.

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Among the modern researchers conducting studies on the 18th century, there is a widespread belief that research on Polish theatre of that era did not develop until the turn of the 1950s and 1960s. It is only part of the truth. The apogee of theatrical research coincided with those years, resulting from the 200th anniversary of the National Theatre, which was widely promoted by the authorities. However, the first diagnoses of Polish theatre scientists dealing with the 18th century are much earlier. Suffice it to recall Ludwik Bernacki’s monumental work, “Theatre, Drama and Music under Stanislaw August”, which the researcher published in Lviv in 1925. Bernacki’s research was closely related to the work of French theatre scientists, who conducted research on the scene and drama of the 18th century before the First World War. This article analyses and chronologically presents the last century of theatrical research and its methodological changes on the example of Polish and French history of 18th-century theatre.
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Trujillo-González, Verónica C. "Le discours préfaciel au XVIIIe siècle à travers le Dictionnaire de l’Académie (1718) et le Dictionnaire de Trévoux (1721). Essai de classification". Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 55, nr 2 (25.06.2019): 311–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.17014.tru.

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Abstract The 18th century was a very productive period from a lexicographic point of view. In that century, the French Academy published four new editions of their dictionary, being the second edition (1718) the one that included major revisions (1718). The Dictionnaire de Trévoux (1721) is also considered to be one of the pillars of 18th century lexicography in France, with eight published editions. The comparison of the prefaces of these two major pieces of French lexicography, in spite of their different conceptions, will allow us to establish the big strategical lines that have marked French Lexicography during the first part of the 18th century, as well as presenting how two of the most important dictionaries of the French 18th century are organized.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Tithes, France, 18th century"

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Macdonald, Simon James Stuart. "British communities in late eighteenth-century Paris". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609294.

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Nadeau, Martin. "Theatre et esprit public : le role du Theatre-Italien dans la culture politique parisienne a l'ere des revolutions (1770-1799)". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37795.

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Taking as a case study the Theatre-Italien, here considered both as a particular theatrical practice and as a specific stage in Paris---one of the most popular at the time---this dissertation asks what role this theatre played in the novel competition of discourses which characterized political culture in the era of Revolutions. All too often, historians have overestimated print culture as the main medium through which discourses were produced in the eighteenth century, and this despite the fact that theatre played a fundamental role in the public life of this period. Furthermore, when theatre is studied, historians emphasize too often the written form of the plays.
The dissertation's structure seeks to underline the specificity of the cultural practice represented by the theatre. The discrepancies between the meaning of a play written by a particular author and the same play as it is performed on stage are emphasized. Political messages emerge out of the language of the actors and actresses without any possibility to control them, so that the players become, in effect, co-authors of the play. Similarly, the variety of the nature of the audience and the way in which it becomes at once judge, co-author and co-actor make the public, neither intangible nor invisible, but simply gathered, a crucial feature of this cultural practice which allows us to argue that theatre was actually a very bad instrument of propaganda. Instead, theatre can be seen at the time to be a public scene of immediate political debate. The conflicting opinions expressed there turn theatre not into the minor of political reality intended by various regimes confronted to the diversity of the polity---what some people have called "a school for the people"---but rather as the mirror of the reality experienced by a large number of Parisians at the time. It is in this sense that we relate the theatrical practices studied with the concept of public spirit, expressing the people's understanding of the general interest, instead of that of public opinion, expressing the unified message imposed by a dominant political group.
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Baysted, Stephen John Xavier. "From 'Le cri de la nature' to 'Pygmalion' : a study of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy of music and aesthetic and reform of opera". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2742.

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The thesis sets Rousseau's philosophy of music and aesthetic of opera against the wider philosophical backcloth of eighteenth-centuryF rance and in contraposition to the more scopic music-theoredcabl ackdrop,o f which Rameau'sw ritings are takena s a paradigm. The first half of the thesis contends that the philosophy of music is fashioned upon a trinary model which mirrors the philosophy of nature and history. The first sector is an ideal, hypothetical state; the second (the 'fall) is the moment when the ideal state is ruptured, when societal and cultural institutions - and history - commence; the third, is the 'actual state', the culmination of the process of history. It is argued that relativism is at work between the second and third sectorsa nd Rousseaua ssignsa rigorous systemo f value to the processo f history and all points alongi t, the processi tself, taken as a whole, is seena s a degeneratives lide awayf rom nearperfection to imperfection. 7111sce condh alf of the thesis explores the ramifications of the trinary model and the effect the degenerativep rocessh as upon the voice, music and opera. The voice is consideredt he unique phenomenon that connects all sectors of the trinary structure: though objectified and endowed with an ontology, it is not immune to the degenerativep rocess. At the fall-state,t he voice begins to rupture and two entities - melody and language - gradually emerge. Over time, melody and speech are forced further apart until neither bears much resemblance to the other. With the invention of harmony, melody degeneratesh: armony begins to overshadowm elody, until in the eighteenthc entury- consummatedin the music and theoreticalp ostulationso f Rameau- melody is subjugated and subsumed entirely within the harmonic domain of musical production. The impact upon opera is more complex and the concluding chapters explore the radical and largely reform-driven aesthetico f opera. Roussea&sf inal dramaticw ork Py gmalion(1 762)i s considered not simply as an outcome of this aesthetic, but as an embodiment of the philosophy of music itself; the animateds tatuee nunciatesR ousseau'sv ision of the origin of human expression.
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Bouagada, Habib. "Orientalism in translation: The one thousand and one nights in 18th century France and 19th century England". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26857.

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The objective of this study is to show how translation contributes to the "Orientalist" project and to the past and present knowledge of the Orient as it has been shaped by different disciplines such as anthropology, history and literature. In order to demonstrate this, I have decided to compare the Arabic text Alf Leyla wa Leyla (The One Thousand and One Nights) with the French translation by Antoine Galland (1704-1706) and the English translation by Sir Richard Burton (1885). According to Edward Said, the Orientalist project or Orientalism is mainly a French and British cultural enterprise that has produced a wide-ranging wealth of knowledge about an Orient that has been represented as an undifferenciated entity with despotism, splendour, cruelty, or even sensuality being its main attributes. I have chosen these translations because they come from places with a long Orientalist tradition. In 18th century France, the age of the Belles infideles, Galland is a man of the Enlightenment who appears to be a precursor of Orientalism as embodied in Montesquieu's Lettres persanes and Votaire's zadig. A century later, Burton's The Arabian Nights, backed by a deep knowledge of Islam, is published. Burton is an official in the service of the British Empire---an empire that takes pride in having the highest number of Muslim subjects. The evolution of Alf Leyla wa Leyla and its translations is followed by an analysis of the shifts applied to the representations of Oriental elements found in it (social and religious practices). These shifts as well as the annotations that refer to Arabo-Islamic culture are related to Galland and Burton's intellectual development and to the socio-historical context of their respective translations.
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Robichaud, Marc. "Making hospitals "worthy of their purpose" : hospitals and the hospital reform movement in the généralité of Rouen (1774-1794)". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84543.

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The eighteenth century was a period ripe with challenges for hospitals in France. Denounced as ineffective, inefficient and even inhumane institutions, hospitals found themselves at the centre of a growing debate over the administration of health care and welfare. Although dismissing the hospital's traditional role as a refuge for the poor, the indigent and the sick, many reformers believed that this institution still could play a valuable social role. Thus, while contemporaries lashed out against the large, "abuse-ridden," hopitaux generaux and hotels-Dieu , small hospitals were seen in a more favourable light. For the growing number of contemporaries who argued that hospitalisation should be reserved exclusively for the sick, hospitals containing a small number of beds were promoted as better disposed and better equipped to meeting the health-care needs of the community. At the same time, contemporaries began calling for the decentralization of health care and welfare services. Instead of focusing these services in large regional poor-relief institutions, reformers argued that the poor and the sick would be better served by receiving assistance in their own community, either in small parish hospitals, or within their own home (secours a domicile).
This dissertation examines how hospitals and hospital services in the late eighteenth-century generalite of Rouen responded to this growing hospital reform movement. It shows that many of the policies adopted by the region's hospital administrators reflected the contents of the larger "national" debate on health care and welfare reform. More importantly, the military was behind many of the changes affecting hospital services in this region During the eighteenth century, military hospitals became a model to emulate towards making the "reformed" hospital a reality. However, imposing military-style health standards on the region's civilian hospitals proved to be a complicated process, one that often involved a great deal of negotiation and compromise.
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Boucher, François-Emmanuël. "L'Héritage du christianisme en France 1750-1848". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38465.

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From the Enlightenment to the Romantic period, many writers transformed Christianity into a religion of temporal salvation. Whether they manifest, in their writings, a will to destroy it (Voltaire, Helvetius, d'Holbach, etc.) or to surpass it (Leroux, Lamennais, Hugo, etc.), all refer to its dogmas as a paradigm of argumentation from which they suggest a new explanation of the world and, most important, they all propose a transformation of the society. The goal of my thesis is to offer a new analysis of this period that spreads from 1750 to 1848. In my hypothesis, I stipulate that before 1789, the philosophers of the Enlightenment never undertook a real "de-Christianisation" and that at the turn of the century, the writers did not return exactly to Christianity. Far from taking the position that the argumentation had transformed itself in a manner that radically differed during this historical period that preceded and followed the French Revolution, my goal is to show that a same will to ameliorate the human condition on earth was manifested in comparable ways throughout these different discourses. The thought of these authors is rather a testimony of a new "sacralisation" of which finality is now on a temporal level: sin is not necessary and, more importantly, it is possible to abolish it through social reformations. This desire of a better world is the most important message that Christianity passed on to the thinkers of this period. By viewing human existence in this way, modernity could be defined not as the end, but rather as the inheritance of Christianity or, to say it all, as its humanization.
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Allard, Julie 1977. ""Nous faisons chaque jour quelques pas vers le beau simple" : transformations de la mode française, 1770-1790". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79280.

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This thesis analyses the simplification of fashion in the French "beau monde" at the end of the eighteenth century. It reveals that the simplified fashion of the 1770s and 1780s was the result of a new feeling for nature. New perceptions of the body led physicians to plead for a new fashion, more respectful of the natural characters of the body. On the aesthetic level, natural simplicity was meant to be the only way to recover original truth and energy. Moreover, anglomania, by way of sustained exchanges with England, contributed to the development of a simpler and more egalitarian fashion. This new feeling for nature reflects profound changes in the French society at the end of the century. The idea of nature, defined according to the values and ideals of a rising bourgeoisie, conveyed a bourgeois spirit no longer restricted to a narrow social group.
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Maire, Claude. "Commerce et marché du fer à Paris d'environ 1740 à environ 1815". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74009.

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Bycroft, Michael Trevor. "Physics and natural history in the eighteenth century : the case of Charles Dufay". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648547.

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Kim, Minchul. "Democracy and representation in the French Directory, 1795-1799". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15874.

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Democracy was no more than a marginal force during the eighteenth century, unanimously denounced as a chimerical form of government unfit for passionate human beings living in commercial societies. Placed in this context this thesis studies the concept of ‘representative democracy' during the French Revolution, particularly under the Directory (1795–1799). At the time the term was an oxymoron. It was a neologism strategically coined by the democrats at a time when ‘representative government' and ‘democracy' were understood to be diametrically opposed to each other. In this thesis the democrats' political thought is simultaneously placed in several contexts. One is the rapidly changing political, economic and international circumstances of the French First Republic at war. Another is the anxiety about democratic decline emanating from the long-established intellectual traditions that regarded the history of Greece and Rome as proof that democracy and popular government inevitably led to anarchy, despotism and military government. Due to this anxiety the ruling republicans' answer during the Directory to the predicament—how to avoid the return of the Terror, win the war, and stabilize the Republic without inviting military government—was crystalized in the notion of ‘representative government', which defined a modern republic based on a firm rejection of ‘democratic' politics. Condorcet is important at this juncture because he directly challenged the given notions of his own period (such as that democracy inevitably fosters military government). Building on this context of debate, the arguments for democracy put forth by Antonelle, Chaussard, Français de Nantes and others are analysed. These democrats devised plans to steer France and Europe to what they regarded as the correct way of genuinely ending the Revolution: the democratic republic. The findings of this thesis elucidate the elements of continuity and those of rupture between the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.
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Książki na temat "Tithes, France, 18th century"

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Roy, Stéphane. Making the news in 18th-century France. Redaktor Carleton University Art Gallery. Ottawa: Carleton University Art Gallery, 2012.

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André, Corvisier, Delmas Jean i Blanchard Anne, red. Histoire militaire de la France. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1992.

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Houlding, J. A. French arms drill of the 18th century, 1703-1760. Bloomfield, Ont: Museum Restoration Service, 1988.

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Popkin, Jeremy D. A history of modern France. Wyd. 4. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson, 2013.

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Hunter-Stiebel, Penelope. Menuiserie: The carved wood furniture of 18th century France. New York: Rosenberg & Stiebel, 1986.

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B, Johnston A. J., i Enterprise Cape Breton Corporation (Canada), red. Louisbourg: An 18th-century town. Halifax, N.S: Nimbus, 1991.

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Penelope, Hunter-Stiebel, i Rosenberg & Stiebel., red. Chez elle, chez lui: At home in 18th century France. New York: Rosenberg & Stiebel, 1987.

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Rosenberg & Stiebel., red. Chez elle, chez lui: At home in 18th century France. New York: Rosenberg & Stiebel, 1987.

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Crepax, Guido. Justine: Dal marchese de Sade. Milano: ES, 2000.

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Green, Robert A. The hurdy-gurdy in eighteenth-century France. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995.

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Części książek na temat "Tithes, France, 18th century"

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Kupsch-Losereit, Sigrid. "Pseudotranslations in 18th century France". W Transfiction, 189–202. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.110.13kup.

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Kolaković, Aleksandra. "Music and Cultural Diplomacy: Presentation of the “New Yugoslavia” in France After 1945". W The Tunes of Diplomatic Notes: Music and Diplomacy in Southeast Europe (18th–20th century), 167–83. Belgrade ; Ljubljana: Institute of Musicology SASA ; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/music_diplomacy.2020.ch11.

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Kolaković, Aleksandra. "Music and Cultural Diplomacy: Presentation of the “New Yugoslavia” in France After 1945". W The Tunes of Diplomatic Notes: Music and Diplomacy in Southeast Europe (18th–20th century), 167–83. Belgrade ; Ljubljana: Institute of Musicology SASA ; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/music_diplomacy.2020.ch11.

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Villain, Julien. "L’innovation de produit et les dynamiques de l’offre sur les marchés des étoffes de laine dans la France du XVIIIe siècle. Quelques aperçus quantitatifs et qualitatifs". W La moda come motore economico: innovazione di processo e prodotto, nuove strategie commerciali, comportamento dei consumatori / Fashion as an economic engine: process and product innovation, commercial strategies, consumer behavior, 147–70. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-565-3.10.

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The consumption of fabrics in 18th-Century Europe experienced a notable expansion - particularly in France, a major hub for the diffusion of clothing fashions across the continent. Driven by manufacturers and merchants, the supply of new product varieties has been highlighted in several French production areas. However, a general assessment of the scale and rates of product innovation in the market for fabrics has never been attempted. By varying the scales of analysis, from the statistics the French monarchy used to assess production in the various production areas to store inventories, we can try to estimate the secular movements of product innovation. Over the course of the 18th century, the market for medium or poor quality cloths appears to have been particularly dynamic: the proportion of new varieties at the end of the century approximated two-thirds of the stock. There was also a tendency to diversify the supply - which ended up making the "world of goods" difficult to read, many product innovations being present on the market only for a while.
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Dato, Moïra, i Pascale Gorguet-Ballesteros. "Lyonnais silks «ad uttimo gusto»: the trade in fashionable waistcoats between France and Italy in the second half of the 18th century". W La moda come motore economico: innovazione di processo e prodotto, nuove strategie commerciali, comportamento dei consumatori / Fashion as an economic engine: process and product innovation, commercial strategies, consumer behavior, 173–200. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-565-3.12.

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Throughout the 18th century, Lyonnais silk manufacturing was constantly creating, adapting and transforming products in response to the evolution of fashion, which was both a profitable tool and a turbulent stream to harness. The male waistcoat is an excellent example of the difficult exercise in which merchant manufacturers engaged in order to secure their markets. Although not originally a specialty of the French city, the waistcoat eventually became a key item in Lyonnais production, selling very successfully in France and abroad. In this article, we analyse trade with Italy in order to explore in detail how the Lyonnais adapted to changes in fashion and used them to their advantage in order to stimulate consumption while navigating the challenges of a foreign market.
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Plack, Noelle. "5. Collective Agricultural Practices and the French State: Aspects of the Rural Code in France from the 18th to the 20th Century". W Rural History in Europe, 95–110. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rurhe-eb.4.00051.

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"France: Discussion". W Dental Practice in Europe at the End of the 18th Century, 163–68. Brill | Rodopi, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004333611_008.

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"Frightening Whirlpools: Drowning in France in the 18th Century". W The Body of Evidence, 270–94. BRILL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004284821_013.

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"Sentimental Hydraulics: Utopia And Technology In 18th-Century France". W Philosophies of Technology: Francis Bacon and his Contemporaries (2 vols.), 495–513. BRILL, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004170506.i-582.128.

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Campbell, Gordon. "5. France". W Garden History: A Very Short Introduction, 63–74. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199689873.003.0005.

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‘France’ explains how in early French estates the house and garden were usually designed independently. Distinctive features of 16th-century French gardens were the presence of a canal and plantings arranged in the flat ornamental flower gardens known as parterres. The apogee of French garden art is the 17th-century formal garden known as the jardin à la française, characterized by geometry. The greatest and most influential exponent was André Le Nôtre, who was responsible for the gardens at Versailles. The principal innovations of the 18th century were the jardin anglo-chinois, the ferme ornée, the fabrique, and the jardin anglais. French garden design in the 19th and 20th centuries is also discussed.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Tithes, France, 18th century"

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Vang, Duabchi, Jackelyn R. Anderson, Katherine Langfield i Phillip D. Ihinger. "CHARACTERIZATION OF 18TH CENTURY FRENCH GLASS TRADE BEADS FROM FORT MACKINAC, MI AND FRANCE: CHEMISTRY AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY". W 54th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020nc-348308.

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Marinković, Milica. "NASTANAK I RAZVOJ TURIZMA U FRANCUSKOJ". W XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xixmajsko.209m.

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The author gives an overview of the origin and development of tourism as a cultural and economic phenomenon. Tourism in France was created not only by internal factors, but also by external factors. English travelers from high society were pioneers of pleasure travel, and their favorite destination was precisely France. The first part of the paper concerns the very beginnings of tourism in the 18th century. The tourism of that time did not resemble today's neither in terms of numbers nor in terms of the main tourist attractions. The goal of tourist trips was either to use the beneficial effects of spa and sea waters or to spend the winter in a warmer climate. The second part of the paper deals with the further development of tourism in the 19th century. Thanks to the synergy of romantic ideals of nature and the development of the transport network, France is becoming an increasingly important tourist destination for travelers from both Europe and America. The final part of the paper gives a brief overview of the massification of tourism in France in the 20th century.
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Marinković, Milica. "NASTANAK I RAZVOJ TURIZMA U FRANCUSKOJ". W XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvixmajsko.209m.

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The author gives an overview of the origin and development of tourism as a cultural and economic phenomenon. Tourism in France was created not only by internal factors, but also by external factors. English travelers from high society were pioneers of pleasure travel, and their favorite destination was precisely France. The first part of the paper concerns the very beginnings of tourism in the 18th century. The tourism of that time did not resemble today's neither in terms of numbers nor in terms of the main tourist attractions. The goal of tourist trips was either to use the beneficial effects of spa and sea waters or to spend the winter in a warmer climate. The second part of the paper deals with the further development of tourism in the 19th century. Thanks to the synergy of romantic ideals of nature and the development of the transport network, France is becoming an increasingly important tourist destination for travelers from both Europe and America. The final part of the paper gives a brief overview of the massification of tourism in France in the 20th century.
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Crispino, Domenico. "The Hameau de la Reine at Versailles and the reproduction of vernacular architecture". W HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15154.

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The proposed paper analyses the system of small buildings that compose the Hameau de la Reine in the Petit Trianon gardens in the park of the royal palace of Versailles. The complex of architectural artefacts, built at the end of the 18th century, emulates the features of vernacular architecture typical of the villages of Normandy. The main interest lies in the analysis of the masonry which reproduces the signs of wear caused by the salty coastal climate of northern France using the trompe-l'oeil technique. The study of the architectural elements found in this part of the park of Versailles, using the tools of the restoration discipline, makes possible the highlighting of the specific qualities that confer recognizability on both the vernacular architecture and its reproductions. The design of this section of Queen Marie-Antoinette's Domaine identifies an ideological root in eighteenth-century Enlightenment thinking from which came the physiocratic theories expressed by Quesnay and the Marquis de Mirabeau. The contribution intends to underline, through the analysis of the method of imitation of vernacular architecture, the importance that this architectural typology assumes in the process of rediscovery and fruition of the territory. The analysis of the Hameau complex testifies how vernacular architecture, not yet codified according to this terminology, was already identified at the end of the 18th century as an example of high quality value that found its effective collocation within the boundaries of the royal park of Versailles. The characteristics of this architecture allow it to find an effective place even inside the perimeter of the royal park of Versailles. It is possible to identify the prodromes of the modern architectural sensibility that recognizes and codifies the values of vernacular architecture within the site studied by this paper proposal.
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