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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Times of Swaziland"
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Ndlela, William N. "Mainstreaming Hiv/Aids in Housing Developments and Planning in Swaziland". Open House International 33, nr 4 (1.12.2008): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2008-b0005.
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Swaziland is one of the countries with the highest Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) rates in the world. Consequently, the increased need for care and support for people living with Acquired Immune-deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), as well as orphaned and vulnerable children, is unprecedented. The response to combat the HIV epidemic has been evident in many areas as the country continues its fight against the HIV epidemic. However, efforts to provide care and support - including Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART), management of opportunistic infections, and community home-based care - have, so far, largely stemmed from the health sector. Housing care and other non-medical support is continuing to lag behind. Lack of proper housing is one of the deprivations suffered by orphaned children and people living with AIDS, which predisposes them to attacks by opportunistic infections and other vulnerabilities and disrupts the continuum of care, whilst at times denying occupants the required privacy. This paper focuses on creating an understanding of why housing care and support for HIV and AIDS affected is lagging behind in Swaziland. It suggests cultural, economic, political and policy issues as the underlying reasons for this, and, therefore, concludes that there is need for bold policy reforms in these areas. In order to create a proper framework for such reforms, the paper reviews the following: 1. The national housing policy's implications on the care and support for people living with HIV and AIDS and the orphaned and vulnerable children; and 2. The current human settlements related responses to HIV and AIDS in Swaziland's rural, peri-urban and urban areas. In this context, urban development planning paradigms and the extent to which HIV and AIDS is being integrated into the development plans are discussed.
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Xaba, Bongiwe G., i Micah B. Masuku. "Factors Affecting the Choice of Marketing Channel by Vegetable Farmers in Swaziland". Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, nr 1 (5.11.2012): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n1p112.
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"></span><p>Vegetables as a group of horticultural crops are important for their contribution as an income support to a large proportion of the rural households. However, enhancing vegetable farmers to reach markets and actively engage in the markets is a key challenge influencing vegetable production in Swaziland. The perishable nature of vegetables necessitates effective marketing channels. The aim of this paper was to investigate factors affecting farmers’ choice of marketing channels using survey data gathered during the 2011 production season. Data were collected from 100 randomly selected vegetable farmers. Descriptive and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used. The results indicated that age of the farmer, quantity of baby corn produced and level of education were significant predictors of the choice to sell vegetables to NAMBoard market channel instead of selling to other-wholesale market channel. The age of the farmer, distance from production area to market, membership in farmer organization and marketing agreement were significant determinants of the choice to use non-wholesale market channel over other-wholesale market channel. It is therefore important to promote collective action as an institutional vehicle for linking farmers to agribusiness supply chains. Farmers should establish networks since they aid in sharing knowledge, farmers can improve produce grades as required by market.</p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><br /></span>
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Monadjem, Ara, Themb'a A. Mahlaba, Nomfundo Dlamini, Seth J. Eiseb, Steven R. Belmain, Loth S. Mulungu, Apia W. Massawe, Rhodes H. Makundi, Katrine Mohr i Peter J. Taylor. "Impact of crop cycle on movement patterns of pest rodent species between fields and houses in Africa". Wildlife Research 38, nr 7 (2011): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10130.
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Context Rodent pests can have severe impacts on crop production in sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, the multimammate mouse Mastomys natalensis severely damages agricultural crops in southern and eastern Africa, leading to significant losses. Both its population ecology and breeding biology have been studied in agricultural and natural habitats. Population numbers erupt depending on the timing and amount of rainfall and may reach plague proportions, especially in agricultural settings, where it may become a serious pest. However, the ecology of this species, in particular its interactions with other species within the context of human settlement, is poorly understood. It may occasionally enter houses, but the degree to which it does so and the factors influencing this movement are not known. Aims We investigated the relationship between Rattus spp. and M. natalensis entering buildings in an agro-ecological setting. We predicted that M. natalensis would enter houses more readily when food availability was lowest in the surrounding fields, and when the larger Rattus spp. were absent. Methods We followed 40 individuals of M. natalensis in Swaziland and Namibia by radio-telemetry. Mice were captured in maize fields within 50 m of a homestead and fitted with radio-transmitters at three different times corresponding to different stages of crop development: pre-harvest, post-harvest and pre-planting. To corroborate the findings of the telemetry study, a non-toxic marker, rhodamine B, was mixed with standard bait and left at bait stations inside houses in 10 homesteads in Swaziland and Tanzania. Key results Mice remained in the fields during the entire period of study in Swaziland, but entered buildings in Namibia during the post-harvest stage, which may represent a period of food shortage for these mice in the field. Rodents captured after baiting with rhodamine B demonstrated that Rattus spp. predominated within the houses. A small number of rhodamine B-marked M. natalensis were captured outside the houses, the proportion declining with distance away from the houses. Conclusions These results suggest that in a typical rural African setting dominated by subsistence agriculture, Rattus spp. (when present) competitively exclude the smaller M. natalensis from entering houses. Implications Interactions between rodent pest species may be important in determining which rodent species enter houses in rural African landscapes. Consideration of such interactions may play an important role when developing pest management strategies.
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Scheub, Harold. "A Collection of Stories and Its Preservation in the Digital Age". History in Africa 34 (2007): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2007.0017.
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There is never an end to stories.“The art of composing oral narratives,” said Nongenile Masithathu Zenani, a Xhosa storyteller,is something that was undertaken by the first people, long ago, during the time of the ancestors. When those of us in my generation awakened to earliest consciousness, we were born into a tradition that was already flourishing. Narratives were being performed by adults in a tradition that had been established long before we were born. And when we were born, those narratives were constructed for us by old people, who argued that the stories had initially been created in olden times, long ago. That time was ancient even to our fathers; it was ancient to our grandmothers, who said that the tales had been created years before by their grandmothers. We learned the narratives in that way, and every generation that has come into being has been born into the tradition. Members of every generation have grown up under the influence of these narratives.In the late 1960s and in the 1970s, I made a number of research trips to southern Africa for the purpose of studying the oral traditions of the Xhosa, Zulu, Swati, and Ndebele peoples. The Xhosa and Zulu live in South Africa, the Swati in Swaziland, and the Ndebele in the southern part of Zimbabwe. During each of those trips many of the performances and discussions were taped. I witnessed thousands of performances.
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Collier, Zachary J., Priyanka Naidu, Katherine J. Choi, Christopher H. Pham, Tom Potokar i Justin Gillenwater. "83 Burn Injuries in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Global Burden of Disease Study". Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, Supplement_1 (1.04.2021): S57—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab032.087.
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Abstract Introduction Over 1 million burns occur in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) each year leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Financial constraints, social stigma, political strife, inaccessible healthcare facilities, limited perioperative resources, and low workforce capacity results in steep barriers to obtaining timely and effective burn care. This study set out to better define the burn burden as well as the age and gender-related disparities within SSA, to identify specific sub-regions and countries that would benefit most from targeted interventions to enhance burn care. Methods Data for all 46 SSA countries were acquired from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD17) database of the Global Health Data Exchange. Information regarding fire, heat, and hot substance-related injuries was derived from 17,792 data sources to estimate burn-related incidence, deaths, and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) by year, sex, age, and location from 1990 to 2017. Summative statistics were created for burn incidence, deaths, DALYs, and mortality ratio (deaths: incidence; %). Spatial mapping was performed to identify burn burden for specific regions and countries. Results An estimated 28,127,199 burns occurred in SSA from 1990–2017. On average, SSA accounted for 16% of worldwide burns, 21% of burn deaths, and 25% of DALYs. Furthermore, the mortality rate was 2.2 times the global average and remained nearly double the entire 27-year period. While all SSA regions had higher incidence, deaths, and DALYs compared to the global cohort, the Southern SSA region consistently had the highest incidence (211 cases per 100,000), deaths (7 per 100,000), and DALYs (355 years per 100,000) throughout the time period, with Lesotho, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe having the highest rates. In contrast to gender similarities globally for burn indicators, all regions within SSA showed higher incidence rates (144 vs 136 cases per 100,000), deaths (5.4 vs 4.7 deaths per 100,000), and DALYs (289 vs 272 years per 100,000) for men than women when age standardized. Conclusions With an estimated 1.4 million burn injuries in 2017, SSA accounted for over 15% of all worldwide burns and 20% of global burn deaths. Although all trended rates improved over the years for each country, they were consistently worse and slower to improve in all regions of SSA compared to the rest of the world. While both Central and Southern SSA regions had the greatest burn burden, burns in Central SSA more significantly impacted those under 5 years whereas Southern SSA saw the greatest burden on the 15–49-year age group.
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Shabangu, Kholiwe, i Fatima Suleman. "Medicines availability at a Swaziland hospital and impact on patients". African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 7, nr 1 (14.09.2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.829.
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Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries is increasing. Where patients are expected to make increased out-of-pocket payments this can lead to treatment interruptions or non-adherence. Swaziland is no exception in this regard.Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the availability of medicines for NCDs in a hospital and the impact of out-of-pocket spending by patients for medicines not available at the hospital.Setting: The study was conducted at Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital in Manzini, Swaziland.Methods: Exit interviews to assess availability of a selected basket of medicines were conducted with 300 patients diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension or asthma. The stock status record of a basket of medicines for these conditions in 2012 was assessed at the Central Medical Stores. Results were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0.Results: Most of the patients (n = 213; 71%) confirmed not receiving all of their prescribed medicines at each visit to the hospital in the past six months. On average patients spent 10–50 times more on their medicines at private pharmacies compared to user fees in the health facility. Stock-outs at the Central Medical Stores ranging from 30 days to over 180 days were recorded during the course of the assessment period (12 months), and were found to contribute to inconsistent availability of medicines in the health facility.Conclusion: Out-of-pocket expenditure is common for patients with chronic conditions using this health facility, which suggests the possibility of patients defaulting on treatment due to lack of affordability.
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Van Vollenhoven, Anton C., Anton J. Pelser i Jan W. Van den Bos. "A historical-archaeological investigation of an Anglo-Boer War British outpost in the Kruger National Park". Koedoe 41, nr 2 (19.02.1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v41i2.256.
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During the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) a voluntary British military unit called Steinaecker's Horse, operated in the Lowveld and Swaziland. The commander of the unit, colonel Ludwig von Steinaecker, was an important historical figure in this area. The unit established a number of outposts in an area today known as the Kruger National Park. One of these outposts was archaeologically investigated in order to recover any remains that may be associated with this unit and to form some idea of their lifestyle. Although no historical information on this particular outpost was found, the archaeological excavations revealed some interesting evidence. The disturbance of the site and the number of visible cultural material, indicated that it was used in recent times. The large refuse middens show that a reasonably large number of people occupied the site. Most of the artifacts found can be linked to the diet and articles of everyday use of the inhabitants. The conclusion is that the site was probably occupied by both a garrison of the Steinaecker's Horse military unit and some troops of the Native Police unit. Based on the distribution of different types of artifacts on the site a social differ- entiation between the members of these two units is assumed.
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Nkhwashu, Tinyiko, i Sophy Mogatlogedi Moloko. "Experiences and attitudes of registered nurses towards the implementation of quality improvement programmes at a government hospital in Eswatini". Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 23, nr 1 (7.05.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/8678.
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Quality improvement is becoming the cornerstone of effective and efficient delivery of quality healthcare services in recent times. Among other healthcare workers, nurses are the primary implementers of quality improvement programmes (QIPs). Their knowledge, understanding, attitudes and motivation determine the potential effects of the programmes. This study explored the experiences of registered nurses (RNs) towards the implementation of the QIP at a government hospital in Swaziland. The RNs’ attitudes toward the programme were also explored. Non-probability, purposive sampling was used to select the sample that comprised of eight RNs. Data were collected through in-depth, face-to-face interviews to explore and describe the RNs’ experiences and attitudes regarding the implementation of QIPs. A semi-structured interview guide was used to ask questions until data saturation was reached. Data analysis was conducted following Tesch’s method. Ethical considerations were adhered to. The results revealed both negative and positive experiences of the RNs towards QIPs. A negative attitude towards the programme developed due to the manner in which the programmes were introduced to the RNs and their perception of the programme as work overload. However, there was a positive outlook by the RNs towards the programme after they had undergone training on a QIP. The training improved their knowledge, job satisfaction and client outcome. They developed motivation, interest and commitment despite the challenges they encountered. The programme also enhanced the spirit of teamwork among the RNs and the support staff.
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Franke, Jonas, Michael Gebreslasie, Ides Bauwens, Julie Deleu i Florian Siegert. "Earth observation in support of malaria control and epidemiology: MALAREO monitoring approaches". Geospatial Health 10, nr 1 (3.06.2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/gh.2015.335.
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Malaria affects about half of the world’s population, with the vast majority of cases occuring in Africa. National malaria control programmes aim to reduce the burden of malaria and its negative, socioeconomic effects by using various control strategies (<em>e.g.</em> vector control, environmental management and case tracking). Vector control is the most effective transmission prevention strategy, while environmental factors are the key parameters affecting transmission. Geographic information systems (GIS), earth observation (EO) and spatial modelling are increasingly being recognised as valuable tools for effective management and malaria vector control. Issues previously inhibiting the use of EO in epidemiology and malaria control such as poor satellite sensor performance, high costs and long turnaround times, have since been resolved through modern technology. The core goal of this study was to develop and implement the capabilities of EO data for national malaria control programmes in South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique. High- and very high resolution (HR and VHR) land cover and wetland maps were generated for the identification of potential vector habitats and human activities, as well as geoinformation on distance to wetlands for malaria risk modelling, population density maps, habitat foci maps and VHR household maps. These products were further used for modelling malaria incidence and the analysis of environmental factors that favour vector breeding. Geoproducts were also transferred to the staff of national malaria control programmes in seven African countries to demonstrate how EO data and GIS can support vector control strategy planning and monitoring. The transferred EO products support better epidemiological understanding of environmental factors related to malaria transmission, and allow for spatio-temporal targeting of malaria control interventions, thereby improving the cost-effectiveness of interventions.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Times of Swaziland"
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Mavuso, Marjorie. "Patient waiting time at a HIV Clinic in a Regional Hospital in Swaziland". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4835_1271012610.
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The aim of the study was to measure patient waiting and service times, describe the causes of high waiting time as well as to determine staff and patient derived norms on waiting times at the Manzini Regional Hospital HIV Clinic. Literature reviewed show that complaints regarding long waiting time have been effectively dealt with through patient flow analysis studies, which measure patient waiting and service times as well as other characteristics. A descriptive cross sectional quantitative survey methodology was undertaken using a time-delimited sample of all patients attending the HIV clinic over one week and all the staff who were in contact with the patients. Waiting time tracking instruments and short questionnaires were used to collect data from both patients and staff. Data were analysed quantitatively.
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Dlamini, Gcinekile G. "A public health conflict : traditional medicinal practise and the bio-medical health norms and values at a time of HIV and AIDS in Swaziland". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3555.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-97).
Medical pluralism and the co-existence of a variety of different medical systems within a chosen context are common features in southern Africa as in the rest of the developing world. How do the different systems or practices interact? How does the dual systems of healing impact on the HIV and AIDS national mitigation programmes. The study assumes that the existence of different kinds of medical practices in the same community over a long period of time is an indication of the reality of medical pluralism in Swaziland. It questions its conflicting impact on the public health messages for managing the epidemic. The existence of different healers e.g. faith healers, medical doctors and traditional healers and herbalists is a significant aspect of health seeking behaviours among the larger population in Swaziland (only 22% of Swaziland is urbanized). The people‟s attitude towards and reception of the states public health policies and public health messages are heavily interpreted along and in view of the highly respected traditional medical health care systems. This phenomena also covers the people‟s spiritual and emotional health care systems and points of references and health seeking behaviours. The study also reflects upon the bias by a number of postcolonial writing towards traditional healing driven by colonialists‟ impressions and local rulers left in charge thereafter. The study also refers to the bias of a number of African leaders and governments who readily give support to bio-medical doctors and are not equally supportive to the structures that support traditional healing and yet a bigger size of the population is mostly reliant upon traditional medical care. In southern Africa self-medication is documented as an integral part of the health care system. This research project reflects extensively on the attitude of traditional and developing communities towards ARVs, ART and biomedical interventions at a time of HIV and AIDS in southern Africa. The study concludes that there are no cultural barriers for the traditional healers to collaborate with the bio-medicine practitioners; however there seems to be a lot of „public health‟ constraints for the medical doctor to working collaboratively with the traditional healer. Is this a one sided conflict, tension, bias?
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Dlamini, Nonhlanhla Zanele. "Uneven burdens? : gender, time use and unpaid care work : a case study in Matsanjeni, Swaziland". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2776.
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The dissertation explores the differences in time spent by women and men in different activities in Matsanjeni Swaziland. We classify the activities under the Systems of National Accounts (SNA), as SNA activities, non-SNA activities and non Productive activities. The study used a 24 hours time diary to collect data from a sample of 50 respondents, 25 of whom were women and 25 were men. The results show that on average, women and men spend almost equal time doing SNA activities, with men spending slightly more time than women. On the other hand, the results show that women spend a lot more time on Non SNA activities compared to men. Finally, the results show that men spend more time on Non Productive activities compared to women.Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.
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Haumba, Samson Malwa. "Best practice guidelines to monitor and prevent hearing loss related to drug resistant tuberculosis treatment". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21189.
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The purpose of the study was to develop best practice guidelines to prevent permanent hearing loss associated with the management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) through raised awareness and monitoring. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and MDR-TB are global public health problems requiring urgent scale-up of treatment services. Irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the adverse drug reactions of the current World Health Organization (WHO) recommended MDR-TB chemotherapy fuelling another public health problem, that disabling hearing loss, which is the second highest contributor of Years Lived with Disability (YLD) according to the World Health Report (2003). Expansion of MDR-TB treatment threatens to increase incidence of SNHL unless there is urgent implementation of intervention towards preservation of hearing for patients on treatment. This empirical study determined and documented the incidence of SNHL in HIV positive and HIV negative patients on MDR-TB treatment, the risk factors for SNHL, from the time treatment initiation to SNHL. Based on the findings, developed and improved the understanding of best practice guidelines for monitoring and prevention of MDR-TB treatment-related SNHL.
The empirical study recruited a cohort of 173 patients with normal hearing status, after diagnosis with MDR-TB and enrolled on MDR-TB therapy over thirteen month period. Patients in the cohort received monthly hearing sensitivity testing during the intensive MDR-TB therapy when injectable aminoglycoside antibiotics are part of the treatment regimen. The three study endpoints included completion of the eight-month intensive treatment phase without developing hearing loss, development incident hearing loss or loss to follow up. Data was analysed using STATA statistical software and summarised using frequencies, means, proportions, and rates. The study documented incidence of SNHL, time to hearing loss and risk factors for hearing loss. Recommendations to prevent and monitor hearing loss are made based on the the study findings.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
Książki na temat "Times of Swaziland"
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Swaziland. Parliament. House of Assembly. Select Committee. Report on negative reports made on Parliament by the Times of Swaziland. Swaziland: [s.n.], 2006.
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Swaziland. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. Signs of hope amidst times of challenge: 9th round of national HIV serosurveillance among women attending antenatal care services at health facilities in Swaziland. [Mbabane]: Kingdom of Swaziland, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, 2004.
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Swaziland. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. i UNICEF Swaziland, red. Signs of hope amidst times of challenge: 10th round of national HIV serosurveillance among women attending antenatal care, sexually transmitted infections clients and tuberculosis patients at health facilities in Swaziland : survey report. [Mbabane]: Kingdom of Swaziland, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, 2006.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Times of Swaziland"
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Evans, Julian, i John W. Turnbull. "Why plantations?" W Plantation Forestry in the Tropics, 13–24. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198529941.003.0002.
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Abstract Interest in plantations and tree-planting in the tropics continues to increase rapidly. The area of plantation increased over thirteen times between 1965 and 2000, and the rate of planting in the 1990s was double that of the 1980s (Table 3.2). Why should this be so? Why should small countries such as Fiji, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe undertake plantation programmes covering tens of thousands of hectares, and why have millions of hectares being planted in China, India, and Brazil? In India, for example, not only are government and parastatal bodies involved but some 10 000 non-government organizations (NGOs) are concerned to promote tree-planting of one kind or another.