Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Time-lag”

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Time-lag"

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Jusionyte, Ieva. "Time Lag". Journal for the Anthropology of North America 22, nr 2 (październik 2019): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nad.12101.

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Howard, Amster, T. Walsh i S. W. Dean. "Deflection Lag, Load Lag, and Time Lag of Buried Flexible Pipe". Journal of ASTM International 8, nr 8 (2011): 102888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai102888.

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NISHIMURA, Shin-ya, Takashi TAKAHASHI, Satoshi BODA, Takuro NAKAMURA, Yui KANDA, Tsutomu KOBAYASHI i Noriko SAKURAI. "STUDENTS' BEHAVIOURS WITH TIME-LAG AND MOVEMENT-LAG". Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 78, nr 690 (2013): 1743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.78.1743.

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Franses, Philip Hans. "Time-varying lag cointegration". Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 390 (lipiec 2021): 113272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2020.113272.

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Neilson, Brett. "Institution, Time-lag, Globality". Journal of Communication Inquiry 21, nr 2 (październik 1997): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019685999702100203.

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Harker, Lisa. "The poverty time lag". New Economy 8, nr 2 (czerwiec 2001): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0041.00197.

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Dunne, Adrian. "Pharmacokinetic lag time estimation". International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing 17, nr 3-4 (listopad 1985): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7101(85)90022-4.

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Ash, Richard, i James A. Barrie. "Time lag in diffusion". Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31, nr 5 (kwiecień 1986): 1209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310506.

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Bobrova, N., T. Sorochinskaya, S. Tronina, A. Dembovetskaya, L. Sukhodoeva, I. Levytskyy i N. Trofimova. "«Lag time» in retinoblastoma diagnosis in Ukraine (clinical cases)". Oftalmologicheskii Zhurnal 52, nr 6 (9.12.2014): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31288/oftalmolzh20146512.

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Bobrova, N., N. Sorochinskaya, S. Tronina, A. Dembovetskaya, L. Sukhodoeva, I. Levitskiy i N. Trofimova. "Analysis of «lag time» in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma in Ukraine". Oftalmologicheskii Zhurnal 50, nr 4 (11.08.2014): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31288/oftalmolzh201445965.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Time-lag"

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Lundberg, Malin. "Lag Time: Skillnader mellan erfarna och oerfarna tolkar?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-133629.

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Detta är en studie som undersökt om det går att kartlägga någon skillnad mellan erfarna och oerfarna tolkar när det gäller deras lag time (eftersläpning). Lag time är tidsspannet från det att tolken hör talarens yttrande till dess att tolken själv producerar motsvarande yttrande. Tidigare forskare (t ex Cokely, 1992  och McDermid, 2014) har sett att detta påverkar resultatet av tolkningen och därför är detta intressant att undersöka närmare utifrån ett erfarenhetsperspektiv. I studien spelades tre erfarna och tre oerfarna tolkar in när de tolkade ett delvis förskrivet rollspel. Efter inspelningen analyserades materialet genom att i olika segment kontrollera med tidtagarur hur långt efter talaren tolken producerade ett yttrande liknande originaltalets. Resultatet visade att det inte var någon genomgående större skillnad mellan erfarna och oerfarna tolkar i deras lag time. I denna grupp var det istället individuella variationer.  Däremot upptäcktes det att det är svårt att identifiera hur man definierar och mäter lag time.
This is a study which explored the possibility to map a difference between experienced and inexperienced interpreters in their use of lag time. Lag time is the time difference from when the interpreter hears an utterance until the interpreter him/herself starts producing an equivalent utterance. Earlier researchers (for example Cokely, 1992 and McDermid, 2014) have found that this affects the result of the interpretation and that is why this is interesting to explore from a perspective of interpreting experience. In this study three inexperienced interpreters and three experienced interpreters were recorded during a partly scripted role play. After the recording, the material was analyzed by using a stop watch to see how far behind the interpreter’s utterance was produced after the speaker’s utterance in different segments. The result showed that it was not a general difference between the experienced and inexperienced interpreters in their lag time, instead there were individual differences. What was also found is that it is difficult to identify how to define and measure lag time.
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Sarishvili, Alex. "Neural network based lag selection for multivariate time series". [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966609611.

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Wu, Ying. "The lag time of individual bacterial cells (Listeria monocytogenes)". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/MQ55729.pdf.

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John, Paul Opara, i Raymond Tarabay. "Time is Money! Time lag management in Business-IT Strategy : Emprical Validation of Theories". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16200.

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For today's organizations to fully optimize their two major priorities;which are reducing cost and increasing revenue, they need to be involved in continuous modifications and constant renewals of right mechanism towards alignment between business and IT strategies. This paper investigates issues in strategic alignment, the specifics were: What causes time lag between business-IT strategy implementation, how can organization manage this time lag better, and finally how alignment can be achieved in business-IT strategy. Thorough literature review has been carried out, to come up with causes of time lag between business-IT strategy. Then, two case studies together with three experts' interviews have been conducted in order to validate causes of time lag in business-IT strategy. The results shows that, lack of understanding of IT departments by business department, and lack of understanding of business department by IT department and protocol rigidity are the major causes of time lag that exists between business-IT strategy. While, the lesser factors were: not using the IT departments in defining the business strategy and usage of business terminologies by business department in communicating with the IT department
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Gurian, Sanford. "Resonance Compensation of Large AC Drivetrains with Significant Time Lag". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31061.

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AC main drives, such as cycloconverters, offer the possibility of higher speed and torque response over their DC counterparts. The price to be paid, however, is torque ripple which is a function of the operating frequency. Even a small value of ripple, at an underdamped plant resonant frequency, may be multiplied by the plant "Q" to a large enough value to cause trouble. Typical classical approaches used in the rolling mill industry to deal with mechanical resonance tend to fall apart with large values of time lag. We investigate a modified LQR/LQE approach using a torque sensor as the feedback element. The result is a low order SISO filter that suppresses the effects of the torque ripple on the underdamped plant.
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Simas, Maria Joao Correia de 1966. "Lag-time characteristics in small watersheds in the United States". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282155.

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Time is an important element in hydrologic design. Most hydrologic models require a watershed characteristic that reflects the timing of runoff. The time parameter used in this study was lag time, defined as the time from the centroid of rainfall excess to the centroid of direct runoff. Lag times were evaluated from rainfall-runoff data in over 40,000 events in 116 small watersheds in the United States. The watersheds ranged from 0.243 to 3490 acres, with periods of rainfall-runoff records from 3 to 58 years. Rainfall-runoff event characteristics were used to determine a unique value of lag time for each storm. A tendency towards a constant value of lag time for the "bigger" storms was observed, "bigger" meaning higher values of either previous 48-hour rainfall, average effective rainfall intensity, average runoff intensity, or peak flow. The variable peak flow best showed this tendency; higher peak flow was associated with constant lag time in over 90% of the watersheds. Several hydrologic relationships involving lag time previously described in the literature were not verified in this study. Watershed characteristics were evaluated as "predictors" of lag time within a given watershed. The geomorphic variables used were area, length, width, slope, and storage coefficient (Curve Number). All variables were significant in explaining the variation of lag time by the regression analysis. The watersheds were divided into groups to try to explain the variation of lag time between watersheds. Management practices, geographical region, and the tendency toward constant value of lag time for the "bigger" storms had significant effects in the regression analyses, whereas land use and hydrologic behavior did not. When only the watersheds with the tendency described above were used, no groupings significantly improved the regression equations. Rainfall-runoff data should be used to compute lag time directly, especially for the bigger storms. If data are insufficient, regression predictions can be improved by grouping watersheds by regions and management practices. Width, slope and Snat are the best variables for prediction of lag time. The multiple linear regression model developed in this study had a higher coefficient of determination than other models in the literature.
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Shively, Matthew David. "Spacing and Lag Effects in Recognition Memory: Time Versus Intervening Items". Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/shively/ShivelyM0507.pdf.

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Spacing and lag effects both refer to abundant findings that memory is enhanced when repeated items are spaced. Several researchers have realized the difficulty of explaining these effects using only one theory, and, therefore posited varying dual-process models. It is also unclear if there is a limit to the increase in memory performance due to increased lag. This study sought to understand how stimulus type influences spacing and lag effects, limits of the lag effect, and the importance of time and items in creating these effects. Experiment 1 found a unique spacing effect and lag effect. Experiment 2 found no spacing effect, yet a lag effect was found. Both time and items are important in generating spacing and lag effects.
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Johns, Alicia. "Methods for Estimating the Optimal Time Lag in Longitudinal Mediation Analysis". VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6042.

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Interest in mediation analysis has increased over time, with particular excitement in the social and behavioral sciences. A mediator is defined as an intermediate in the causal sequence between an independent and dependent variable. Previous research has demonstrated that the cross-sectional form of mediation analysis is inherently flawed, evidenced by the inability of the cross-sectional mediation model to account for temporal precedence and estimation of the indirect effect being biased in nearly all situations. For these reasons, a longitudinal model is recommended. However, a method for determining the exact time points to measure the variables used in mediation analysis has not been adequately examined. In this study, we examined methods for determining an appropriate time lag when designing a mediation study. The methods implemented include correlation analysis, the quadratic and exponential forms of the lag as a moderator approach, and knot estimation using basis splines. The data for the study was simulated for three distinct trends generated using a linear piecewise model, a sigmoid model, and a sigmoid piecewise model. Additionally, two sampling approaches, an intense sampling approach and a three-measure approach, were examined as well as six sample sizes and three effect sizes for the total effect on the outcome. The estimation methods were additionally compared by considering different types of error structures used in data generation as well as by examining equal and unequal time lag lengths between the predictor and mediator, and the mediator and outcome. The intent of the study is to provide methods so that researchers can estimate the best time to evaluate mediator and outcome measurements that will be used in mediation analysis. The results from this study showed that the best estimation method varied depending on the lag being estimated, the sampling approach, and the length of the lag. However, the knot estimation approach worked reasonably well in most scenarios considered even with small sample sizes of 5 or 10 per group. The findings from this study have the potential to improve study design for research implementing longitudinal mediation analysis by reducing bias in the estimate of the indirect effect when adequate time points are used.
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Wang, Shuye. "Asymmetric lead-lag relation, nonsynchronous trading, time-varying risk premium, and cointegration". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35984.pdf.

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Garcia, Mendoza Jesus Guillermo. "Lag Time Characteristics of Small Arid and Semiarid Watersheds in the Southwestern United States". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311345.

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An evaluation for Lag time, defined as the time from the centroid of rainfall excess to the centroid of direct runoff, was performed for seven small watersheds in the Southwestern United States. The size of these watersheds range in size from 0.33 to 4.37 ha. The evaluation period goes from 2000 to 2010. This evaluation was compared versus 28 lag time equations.The USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center has developed an electronic data processing system where rainfall and runoff data is collected from sensors in the field and are transmitted to computers in the office.Prior to these data sets there were no measurable rainfall and runoff data. This digital data is generated by means of synchronized clocks in rain gages and flumes. As a result, the data from this electronic processing system offers a unique opportunity for hydrologic research. This infrastructure is a characteristic not often available in many other sites and a condition not enjoyed in previous investigations.There are several definitions of lag time depending on what particular time period is used to describe the occurrence of unit rainfall and runoff. But, time parameters currently lack commonly-accepted standard definitions.The various definitions for time parameters such as Lag Time, Time of Concentration, Time to Peak, Equilibrium Time and others, sometimes, are used interchangeably. Another aspect is that in Lag time determination, centers of mass play a critical role. This study found out that depending of the loss model chosen to estimate rainfall excess, it shall influence the determination of center of mass and hence the lag time.Some negative values were obtained for lag time when measured from peak of runoff to centroid of effective rainfall. However, in the lag time definition from centroid of effective rainfall to centroid of direct runoff, negative values were not obtained.One field in particular, time parameters currently lacks commonly-accepted standard definitions. This has become a source of profound confusion in this branch of science to the point where teams of scientists writing about and discussing hydrological Time Parameters can be compared to the aftermath at the Tower of Babel.
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Książki na temat "Time-lag"

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Hotaru, Odagiri, i Wasabi Media, red. Time lag. Gardena, Calif: Digital Manga, 2006.

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Ceylan, Rauf. Cultural Time Lag. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06050-3.

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Y, Jung Jae, Ellis Stephen R i Ames Research Center, red. Predictive compensator optimization for head tracking lag in virtual environments. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 2001.

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Moline, Margaret L. Effectiveness of circadian countermeasures in simulated transmeridian flight schedules: Final technical report. White Plains, NY: Institute of Chronobiology, Dept. of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, 1989.

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Popp, David. Time in purgatory: Determinants of the grant lag for U.S. patent applications. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

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McFarland, Richard E. CGI delay compensation. Moffett Field, Calif: Ames Research Center, 1986.

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Grantham, William D. Piloted simulator study of allowable time delay in pitch flight control systems of a transport airplane with negative static stability. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1987.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. The minimal time detection algorithm. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Observations of gamma-ray bursts. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Observations of gamma-ray bursts. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Części książek na temat "Time-lag"

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Ceylan, Rauf. "Einleitung". W Cultural Time Lag, 17–34. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06050-3_1.

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Ceylan, Rauf. "Konkretisierung zentraler Thesen auf der Basis der empirischen Erkenntnisse". W Cultural Time Lag, 433–39. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06050-3_10.

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Ceylan, Rauf. "Handlungsempfehlungen für die Moscheegemeinden". W Cultural Time Lag, 441–48. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06050-3_11.

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Ceylan, Rauf. "Säkularisierungs- und Individualisierungsprozesse in Deutschland und das Phänomen des cultural time lag". W Cultural Time Lag, 37–119. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06050-3_2.

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Ceylan, Rauf. "Gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen einer religiösen Erziehung in den Familien, einer Moscheekatechese und eines islamischen Religionsunterrichts im Migrationskontext". W Cultural Time Lag, 121–61. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06050-3_3.

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Ceylan, Rauf. "Lernort ‚Gemeinde‘: Historische Grundlagen und gegenwärtige Praxis in Deutschland hinsichtlich einer islamischen Katechese". W Cultural Time Lag, 163–90. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06050-3_4.

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Ceylan, Rauf. "Der Diskurs über den islamischen Religionsunterricht". W Cultural Time Lag, 191–213. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06050-3_5.

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Ceylan, Rauf. "Zwischenfazit: Zusammenfassender Erkenntnisbeitrag der bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse für die empirische Untersuchung". W Cultural Time Lag, 215–19. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06050-3_6.

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Ceylan, Rauf. "Forschungsziele, Methodik der empirischen Untersuchung und vermutete Ursache- Wirkungsmechanismen in den Moscheegemeinden". W Cultural Time Lag, 223–42. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06050-3_7.

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Ceylan, Rauf. "Ergebnisse der empirischen Studie". W Cultural Time Lag, 243–420. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06050-3_8.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Time-lag"

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Chen, Lihua, Ning Yang i Philip S. Yu. "Time Lag Aware Sequential Recommendation". W CIKM '22: The 31st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3511808.3557473.

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Jiang, Jiarui, Yalin Yang i Ruifeng Hu. ""Investigating the relationship between “cited time lag” and “citing time lag”: A journal study in Information Science"". W WSSE 2023: 2023 The 5th World Symposium on Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3631991.3632008.

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Bisnovatyi-Kogan, Gennady, i Franco Giovannelli. "Time lag in transient cosmic accreting sources". W Accretion Processes in Cosmic Sources. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.288.0037.

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Kowalewski, Adam, i Marek Miskowicz. "Extremal problems for time lag parabolic systems". W 2017 21st International Conference on Process Control (PC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pc.2017.7976255.

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Kowalewski, Adam. "Extremal Problems for Time Lag Hyperbolic Systems". W 2021 25th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmar49549.2021.9528456.

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"MAPLE Data Evaluation Applied the Lag-time". W International Conference on Disaster Management and Civil Engineering. Universal Researchers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/ur.u1015320.

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Zhang, Lili, i Yanping Liu. "Study on Time Lag of Knowledge Management". W 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2008.1295.

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del-Muro-Cuellar, B., M. Velasco-Villa, G. Fernandez-Anaya, O. Jimenez-Ramirez i J. Alvarez-Ramirez. "Observer-Based Prediction Scheme for Time-Lag Processes". W 2007 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2007.4282872.

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Kowalewski, Adam, i Marek Miskowicz. "Extremal Problems for Integral Time Lag Parabolic Systems". W 2019 24th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmar.2019.8864638.

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Amornbunchornvej, Chainarong, Elena Zheleva i Tanya Y. Berger-Wolf. "Variable-Lag Granger Causality for Time Series Analysis". W 2019 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsaa.2019.00016.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Time-lag"

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Popp, David, Ted Juhl i Daniel K. N. Johnson. Time in Purgatory: Determinants of the Grant Lag for U.S. Patent Applications. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzec 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9518.

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Huang, Tao, i Venkatesh Merwade. Developing Customized NRCS Unit Hydrographs (Finley UHs) for Ungauged Watersheds in Indiana. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317644.

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The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS, formerly the Soil Conservation Service, SCS) unit hydrograph (UH) is one of the most commonly used synthetic UH methods for hydrologic modeling and engineering design all over the world. However, previous studies have shown that the application of the NRCS UH method for some ungauged watersheds in the state of Indiana produced unrealistic flood predictions for both the peak discharge and the time to peak. The objective of this work is to customize the NRCS UH by analyzing the role of its two key parameters, namely, the peak rate factor (PRF) and the lag time, in creating the runoff hydrograph. Based on 120 rainfall-runoff events collected from 30 small watersheds in Indiana over the past two decades, the observed UHs are derived and the corresponding PRF and lag time are extracted. The observed UHs in Indiana show that the mean value of PRF is 371, which is lower than the standard PRF of 484, and the NRCS lag time equation tends to underestimate the “true” lag time. Moreover, a multiple linear regression method, especially the stepwise selection technique, is employed to relate the NRCS UH parameters to the most appropriate geomorphic attributes extracted from the study watersheds. Both the statewide and regional regression models show that the main channel slope is a major factor in determining the PRF and lag time. A customized Indiana unit hydrograph, referred as Finley UH to honor David Finley who inspired this study, is derived with updated parameters and the Gamma function. Validation results show that the Finley UH provides more reliable and accurate predictions in terms of the peak discharge and the time to peak than the original NRCS UH for the watersheds in Indiana.
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Snilstveit, Birte, Jennifer Stevenson, Ian Shemilt, Mike Clarke, Emmanuel Jimenez i James Thomas. Timely, Efficient, and Living Systematic Reviews: Opportunities in International Development. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), marzec 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cip7.

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Systematic reviews provide reliable summaries of available evidence on the effects of programmes to improve people’s lives. We know that timely availability of evidence is a key factor influencing evidence use, but the time-lag between new study results becoming available and their integration into new or updated systematic reviews is typically measured in years, due to lags in study publication, coupled with a resource and time-intensive review process. Moreoever, in a sector where new evidence is being produced on a frequent basis, this time-lag means reviews can rapidly become out of date. Drawing on the developments in other sectors, this paper explores the opportunities for more efficient and timely review production in international development, including but not limited to ‘living systematic reviews.’
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Randall, Linda, Louise Ormstrup Vestergård i Mari Wøien Meijer. Rural perspectives on digital innovation: Experiences from small enterprises in the Nordic countries and Latvia. Nordregio, maj 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2020:3.2001-3876.

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Digitalisation holds considerable potential for rural areas. It offers thepromise of overcoming geographical distance, ensuring equal access toopportunity regardless of where people live. At the same time, rural andsparsely populated areas are thought to lag behind their urban counterpartswhen it comes to the provision of digital infrastructure and the developmentof digital knowledge and skills. These urban-rural disparities areoften referred to as the digital divide and can prevent rural communitiesfrom unlocking the opportunities associated with digitalisation.
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Cesa-Bianchi, Ambrogio, M. Hashem Pesaran i Alessandro Rebucci. Uncertainty and Economic Activity: A Global Perspective. Inter-American Development Bank, sierpień 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011654.

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The 2007-2008 global financial crisis and the subsequent anemic recovery have rekindled academic interest in quantifying the impact of uncertainty on macroeconomic dynamics. This paper studies the interrelation between financial markets volatility and economic activity assuming that both variables are driven by the same set of unobserved common factors and that these factors affect volatility and economic activity with a time lag of at least a quarter. Under these assumptions, the paper analytically shows that volatility is forward looking and that the output equation of a typical VAR estimated in the literature is mis-specified. The paper empirically documents a statistically significant and economically sizable impact of future output growth on current volatility, and no effect of volatility shocks on business cycles, over and above those driven by the common factors. The evidence is interpreted as suggesting that volatility is a symptom rather than a cause of economic instability.
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Li, Howell, Tom Platte, Jijo K. Mathew, W. Benjamin Smith, Enrique Saldivar-Carranza i Darcy M. Bullock. Using Connected Vehicle Data to Reassess Dilemma Zone Performance of Heavy Vehicles. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317321.

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The rate of fatalities at signalized intersections involving heavy vehicles is nearly five times higher than for passenger vehicles in the US. Previous studies in the US have found that heavy vehicles are twice as likely to violate a red light compared with passenger vehicles. Current technologies leverage setback detection to extend green time for a particular phase and are based upon typical deceleration rates for passenger cars. Furthermore, dilemma zone detectors are not effective when the max out time expires and forces the onset of yellow. This study proposes the use of connected vehicle (CV) technology to trigger force gap out (FGO) before a vehicle is expected to arrive within the dilemma zone limit at max out time. The method leverages position data from basic safety messages (BSMs) to map-match virtual waypoints located up to 1,050 ft in advance of the stop bar. For a 55 mph approach, field tests determined that using a 6 ft waypoint radius at 50 ft spacings would be sufficient to match 95% of BSM data within a 5% lag threshold of 0.59 s. The study estimates that FGOs reduce dilemma zone incursions by 34% for one approach and had no impact for the other. For both approaches, the total dilemma zone incursions decreased from 310 to 225. Although virtual waypoints were used for evaluating FGO, the study concludes by recommending that trajectory-based processing logic be incorporated into controllers for more robust support of dilemma zone and other emerging CV applications.
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Nolan, Gulnara, Jonathan Hambur i Philip Vermeulen. Does Monetary Policy Affect Non-mining Business Investment in Australia? Evidence from BLADE. Reserve Bank of Australia, grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rdp2023-09.

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We provide new evidence on the effect of monetary policy on investment in Australia using firm-level data. We find that contractionary monetary policy makes firms less likely to invest and lowers the amount they invest if they do so. The effects are similar for young and old firms, indicating that the decline in the number of young firms in Australia over time is unlikely to have weakened the effect of monetary policy. The effects are also broadly similar for smaller and larger firms. This suggests that evidence that some, particularly large, firms have sticky hurdle rates does not mean that they do not respond to monetary policy. It also suggests that overseas findings that expansionary monetary policy lessens competition by supporting the largest firms likely do not apply to Australia. We find evidence that financially constrained firms, and sectors that are more dependent on external finance, are more responsive to monetary policy, highlighting the important role of cash flow and financing constraints in the transmission of monetary policy. Finally, we find evidence that monetary policy affects firms' actual and expected investment contemporaneously, suggesting that expectations are reactive and will tend to lag over the cycle.
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Berkowitz, Jacob. Quantifying functional increases across a large-scale wetland restoration chronosequence. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), sierpień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41500.

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Over 300,000 ha of forested wetlands have undergone restoration within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley region. Restored forest successional stage varies, providing opportunities to document wetland functional increases across a large-scale restoration chronosequence using the Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach. Results from >600 restored study sites spanning a 25-year chronosequence indicate that: 1) wetland functional assessment variables increased toward reference conditions; 2) restored wetlands generally follow expected recovery trajectories; and 3) wetland functions display significant improvements across the restoration chronosequence. A functional lag between restored areas and mature reference wetlands persists in most instances. However, a subset of restored sites have attained mature reference wetland conditions in areas approaching or exceeding tree diameter and canopy closure thresholds. Study results highlight the importance of site selection and the benefits of evaluating a suite of wetland functions in order to identify appropriate restoration success milestones and design monitoring programs. For example, wetland functions associated with detention of precipitation (a largely physical process) rapidly increased under post restoration conditions, while improvements in wetland habitat functions (associated with forest establishment and maturation) required additional time. As the wetland science community transitions towards larger scale restoration efforts, effectively quantifying restoration functional improvements will become increasingly important.
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Schorung, Matthieu. A Geographical Contribution on Interurban Passenger Rail Transportation in the United States. Mineta Transportation Institute, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2212.

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Why does the rail infrastructure of the United States lag behind those of many other developed countries? Where is U.S. high-speed rail? This research approaches this in a dilemma by exploring Amtrak’s traditional rail services and high-speed rail projects in the nation to understand the workings of public rail transportation policies, what they contain, and how they are developed and pursued by the different stakeholders. This research utilizes case studies and a multiscale approach to analyze the territorialization of intercity rail transportation policies. The analysis demonstrates the emergence of a bottom-up approach to projects, notably apparent in the California HSR project and in the modernization of the Cascades corridor. Furthermore, this research concluded that, first, the development of uniform arguments and recommendations to encourage new rail policies emphasizes structuring effects and economic role of high-speed rail, congestion reduction, modal shift. Second, a tangible though uneven pro-rail position exists among public actors at all levels. Stakeholders prioritize improving and modernizing existing corridors for the launch of higher-speed services, and then on hybrid networks that combine different types of infrastructures. Although there are no publicly backed projects for new lines exclusively dedicated to high-speed rail, most of the high-speed corridors are in fact “higher-speed” corridors, some of which are intended to become high-speed at some time in the future.
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Monetary Policy Report, January 2024. Banco de la República, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr1-2024.

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Inflation continues to decline but remains well above 3%. It is anticipated to decrease significantly in 2024 and draw closer to the established target in the first half of 2025. The ongoing moderation in the economy's price levels is evidenced by the decline in headline inflation from 11% to 9.3% between September and December 2023. A noteworthy contributor to the decrease in inflation has been the reduction of food prices adjustments throughout 2023, complemented by favorable trends in the price of goods. The decrease in inflation has, however, been constrained by the behavior of the price of services, which continue to exhibit high consumption levels, acerbated by the indexation of prices to recent elevated inflation rates. Additionally, necessary adjustments in fuel prices have curbed the inflation’s decline. Going forward, the outlook is for inflation to continue its downward trajectory, converging toward the 3% target by the first half of 2025. Factors supporting the prospect of a gradual inflation reduction include the absence of significant appreciations in the exchange rate, together with lower external inflation, reduced pressure on spending over prices due to the economic deceleration, and the cumulative impact of Banco de la República’s monetary policy measures. However, persistent risks remain that could slow down the anticipated fall in inflation, such as an unforeseen increase in the exchange rate or heightened impacts of the El Niño (ENSO) phenomenon on food and energy prices. The decrease in inflation would occur against a backdrop of slow economic growth for 2024 and a recovery thereof in 2025. Towards the close of 2023, economic activity persisted in its deceleration, reflecting the low levels of investment and, to a lesser extent, a moderation in consumption. The unemployment rate, while still relatively low, has witnessed a recent uptick in the past months. The economy is poised to sustain modest growth rates for 2024, further consolidating the ongoing convergence of inflation toward the established target. An acceleration in economic activity should begin in the latter half of 2024, attaining sustainable levels in 2025 in line with the economy's productive capacity. The monetary policy stance has contributed towards mitigating inflation and addressing broader macroeconomic imbalances within the country. Notably, inflation rates and associated expectations have declined, albeit persisting above the 3% target, concurrent with an overall deceleration of economic activity. Against this backdrop, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adjusted its monetary policy interest rate, lowering it from 13.25% to 12.75%. The monetary policy decisions enacted by Banco de la República have contributed to rectifying prevailing macroeconomic imbalances accumulated in recent years, including elevated inflation, excessive spending and credit levels, and a pronounced external deficit. Consequently, the macroeconomic landscape has undergone requisite adjustments characterized by: A realignment of economic activity towards levels more consistent with the economy’s productive capacity. Attainment of a more sustainable balance in foreign transactions. A reduction in both inflation rates and associated expectations. Considering these outcomes and amid diminishing inflationary pressures and subdued economic growth, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República opted to decrease the monetary policy interest rate by 25 basis points during its meetings of December 2023 and January 2024, bringing it down to 12.75%. This interest rate adjustment acknowledges the reduction in inflation and its associated expectations, in alignment with the overarching goal of steering inflation towards the 3% target by mid-2025 while fostering sustained economic growth over time. Box 1 - Regional Economic Pulse: High-Frequency, Short-Lag Indicators to Understand Local Economies Autor: Dora Alicia Mora Pérez, Diana María Cortázar Gómez, Carolina Ramírez Rodríguez and Antonio José Orozco Gallo
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