Rozprawy doktorskie: „Three-dimensional imaging”

1

Pajdzik, Lucjan Adam. "Three-dimensional birefringence imaging". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442916.

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Wang, Shaowu. "Three-component and three-dimensional seismic imaging". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq24707.pdf.

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Abeysekera, Jeffrey Michael. "Three dimensional ultrasound elasticity imaging". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57462.

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Changes in tissue elasticity are correlated with certain pathological changes, such as localized stiffening of malignant tumours or diffuse stiffening of liver fibrosis or placenta dysfunction. Elastography is a field of medical imaging that characterizes the mechanical properties of tissue, such as elasticity and viscosity. The elastography process involves deforming the tissue, measuring the tissue motion using an imaging technique such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and solving the equations of motion. Ultrasound is well suited for elastography, however, it presents challenges such as anisotropic measurement accuracy and providing two dimensional (2D) measurements rather than three dimensional (3D). This thesis focuses on overcoming some of these limitations by improving upon methods of imaging absolute elasticity using 3D ultrasound. In this thesis, techniques are developed for 3D ultrasound acquired from transducers fitted with a motor to sweep the image plane, however many of the techniques can be applied to other forms of 3D acquisition such as matrix arrays. First, a flexible framework for 3D ultrasound elastography system is developed. The system allows for comparison and in depth analysis of errors in current state of the art 3D ultrasound shear wave absolute vibro-elastography (SWAVE). The SWAVE system is then used to measure the viscoelastic properties of placentas, which could be clinically valuable in diagnosing preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. A novel 3D ultrasound calibration technique is developed which estimates the transducer motor parameters for accurate determination of location and orientation of every data sample, as well as for enabling position tracking of a 3D ultrasound transducer so multiple volumes can be combined. Another calibration technique using assumed motor parameters is developed, and an improvement to an existing N-wire method is presented. The SWAVE research system is extended to measure shear wave motion vectors with a new acquisition scheme to create synchronous volumes of ultrasound data. Regularization based on tissue incompressibility is used to reduce noise in the motion measurements. Lastly, multiple ultrasound volumes from different angles are combined for measurement of the full motion vector, and demonstrating accurate reconstructions of elasticity are feasible using the techniques developed in this thesis.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Runciman, Peter Brian. "A three dimensional imaging sonar". Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23377.

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McVey, Alexander Ferguson. "Three-dimensional imaging of bacterial microcolonies". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15774.

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Previous research into microbial colonies and biofilms shows a significant gap in our current understanding of how bacterial structures develop. Despite the huge body of research undertaken into the formation, genetic makeup, composition, and optimal growth conditions of colonies, no study has been successful in identifying all individual bacteria in a colony in three-dimensions as a function of time. This lack of bacterial cell lineage in such a simple class of organisms is conspicuous in the light of what is known about other organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans [1]. In this thesis I show that using laser scanning confocal microscopy in conjunction with developments in sample preparation and post acquisition image analysis, it is possible to fully reconstruct all individual bacteria within an Escherichia coli (E. coli ) microcolony grown in viscoelastic media. Additionally, I show that by further pushing the resolution of confocal microscopes, commercial systems are capable of extracting three-dimensional information on protein structures inside bacteria at early stages of growth. This thesis is in three parts. The first part shows that by pushing the resolution of a commercial laser scanning confocal microscope system it is possible to achieve single cell resolution of a bacterial colony growing in three dimensions in a viscoelastic medium (agarose) from a seed bacterium. The growth of individual bacteria is examined as the concentration of agarose in the media is altered. Results show there is a nonlinear dependence between the rate of growth of a bacterium and the concentration of the agarose in the media with a peak in growth rate at 3% (weight) concentrations of agarose in M9 media. The second part of this work presents a study of how an initially two-dimensional colony growing between a glass slide and agarose gel suddenly invades the third spatial dimension by buckling. The results show that the cells within the centre of the colony flex and buckle, due to confinement by their neighbours, creating additional layers. Indeed, flexing is not limited to the buckling event but occurs throughout the early growth cycle of a colony. The final part of this thesis shows that by further pushing the resolution of confocal microscopes, commercial systems are capable of extracting three-dimensional information about the temporal evolution of the spatial distribution of the FtsZ septation ring within the cell. As the bacterial colony grows from a seed bacterium to a microcolony, the error in placing the division accurately at the cell centre is seen to increase as the number of bacteria within the colony increases and spatial confinement occurs.

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Adams, Charles N. "Three dimensional image synthesis : theory and application /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FAdams.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Phillip E. Pace, Don Brutzman. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-130). Also available online.

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Gomersall, William Henry. "Deconvolution of three-dimensional medical ultrasound". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609431.

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Okano, Fumio. "Three-dimensional television based on spatial imaging". INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10404.

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Tong, Shidong. "Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the prostate". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq28526.pdf.

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Syn, Michael Hsien-Min. "Model-based three-dimensional freehand ultrasound imaging". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627596.

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Evans, Sam. "3D imaging in forensic odontology". Thesis, University of South Wales, 2012. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/3d-imaging-in-forensic-odontology(e836ce64-0279-452d-bf6b-d10c2ec09a21).html.

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This work describes the investigation of a new 3D capture method for acquisition and subsequent forensic analysis of bite mark injuries on human skin. When documenting bite marks with standard 2D cameras, errors in photographic technique can occur if best practice is not followed. Subsequent forensic analysis of the mark is problematic when a 3D structure is recorded in a 2D space. A 3D image capture and processing system might avoid the problems resulting from the 2D reduction process, simplifying the guidelines and reducing errors. The proposed solutions in this work are: conducting a review of the current 2D and three 3D capture methods, also a series of benchmarks for system assessment. Followed by a series of performance evaluations of the existing current 2D and two 3D methods. Further proposed solutions include, the design of a system specification for the practical reproducible acquisition of bite mark injuries. Finally a review of the validation process for forensic evidence presented to the courts. The results of the work are as follows: A 3D system is required to produce the correct 3D data of a bite mark and suspect dentition for forensic analysis. Such a system should be practical and consistent, if it is to replace the current de facto 2D systems. The MAVIS hardware can be considered a practical and consistent solution for producing the required 3D image of a bite mark for analysis; however, the MAVIS hardware cannot produce a satisfactory 3D image of a dental cast. At present a laser scanner is required to produce satisfactory results of a dental cast. Angular distortion and errors created by the user in 2D image capture can hinder the digital measurement process. 3D capture therefore introduces less operator error in the form of angular distortion.

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Javid, Shawn Farhang. "Three-dimensional image processing using voxels". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312149.

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Raj, Kannan. "Investigations of three-dimensional optical transfer functions". Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03142009-040539/.

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Kim, Kang Suk. "3D visualization of an invariant display strategy for hyperspecteral imagery". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FKim%5FKang%5FSuk.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics and Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Richard C. Olsen, Donald P. Brutzman. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-86). Also available online.

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Barry, Sarah Jane Elizabeth. "Longitudinal analysis of three-dimensional facial shape data". Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/190/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Statistics, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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Zacharopoulos, Athanasios Dimitriou. "Three-dimensional shape-based reconstructions in medical imaging". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446822/.

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This thesis describes methods for reconstruction in non-linear tomography applications. The specific example application in this thesis is Optical Tomography (OT), which seeks the recovery of optical properties such as absorption, scattering and refractive index, given measurements of transmitted light through biological tissue of several centimetres in thickness. Previous methods pose such a problem as the optimisation of a model fitting procedure over a space of piecewise local basis functions such as pixels (or voxels in 3D). We employ a parametrisation of closed surfaces using spherical harmonics based on constrained minimisation of the distortions occurring by the mapping of the surfaces, acquired from voxel images, to a unit sphere. This method could be used to describe parametrically any closed surface, and overcomes the restriction to just star-shaped objects that is commonly found in literature. A surface meshing algorithm is proposed by applying the parametrisation to map regular surface meshes initially defined on the a unit sphere, by tessellation of an embedded icosahedron, upon the parametrically defined surfaces. This procedure creates regular sampled meshes which is a prerequisite for a good discretisation of a surface, in an automatic procedure. A Boundary Element Method for OT is constructed, for the solution of the diffusion equation on realistic geometrical models, constructed from segmented Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) scans. In this work we propose a method for reconstruction of the boundaries of piecewise constant regions. The shape description for closed surfaces is used in a novel shape estimation inverse problem in 3D using OT measurements, based on a forward solution constructed from BEM and the regular meshes. Some examples are given that portray the capabilities of the proposed method.

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Eccleshall, Simon Charles. "Three-dimensional imaging of the coronary artery lumen". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404059.

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Pao, Tsang-Long. "Ultrasonic tapered phased arrays for three-dimensional imaging". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13541.

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Hargreaves, Jonathan. "A multichannel borehole radar for three dimensional imaging". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318524.

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Blamire, Andrew Matthew. "Three dimensional high speed mapping in NMR imaging". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258368.

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D'Esposito, Angela Maria. "Development of three-dimensional, ex vivo optical imaging". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1566767/.

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The ability to analyse tissue in 3-D at the mesoscopic scale (resolution: 2-50 μm) has proven essential in the study of whole specimens and individual organs. Techniques such as ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) have been successful in a number of applications. Although MRI has been used to image embryo development and gene expression in 3-D, its resolution is not sufficient to discriminate between the small structures in embryos and individual organs. Furthermore, since neither MRI nor X-ray CT are optical imaging techniques, none of them is able to make use of common staining techniques. 3-D images can be generated with confocal microscopy by focusing a laser beam to a point within the sample and collecting the fluorescent light coming from that specific plane, eliminating therefore out-of-focus light. However, the main drawback of this microscopy technique is the limited depth penetration of light (~1 mm). Tomographic techniques such as optical projection tomography (OPT) and light sheet fluorescence microscopy (also known as single plane illumination microscopy, SPIM) are novel methods that fulfil a requirement for imaging of specimens which are too large for confocal imaging and too small for conventional MRI. To allow sufficient depth penetration, these approaches require specimens to be rendered transparent via a process known as optical clearing, which can be achieved using a number of techniques. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to develop methods for threedimensional, ex vivo optical imaging. This required, in first instance, sample preparation to clear (render transparent) biological tissue. In this project several optical clearing techniques have been tested in order to find the optimal method per each kind of tissue, focusing on tumour tissue. Indeed, depending on its structure and composition (e.g. amount of lipids or pigments within the tissue) every tissue clears at a different degree. Though there is currently no literature reporting quantification of the degree of optical clearing. Hence a novel, spectroscopic technique for measuring the light attenuation in optically cleared samples is described in this thesis and evaluated on mouse brain. 5 Optical clearing was applied to the study of cancer. The main cancer model investigated in this report is colorectal carcinoma. Fluorescently labelled proteins were used to analyse the vascular network of colorectal xenograft tumours and to prove the effect of vascular disrupting agents on the vascular tumour network. Furthermore, optical clearing and fluorescent compounds were used for ex vivo analysis of perfusion of a human colorectal liver metastasis model.

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Delmore, Alexandra R. "Three-dimensional magnetic domain imaging with polarized neutrons". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120608.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2017.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 36-38).
Application and fundamental understanding of magnetic materials requires knowledge of their properties and phase diagrams, which depend on the structure and dynamics of magnetic domains. Current techniques for studying magnetic domains are limited to imaging near-surface magnetic structure. Techniques for investigating bulk magnetic structure are under development, particularly for applications in electronics and superconductivity. This study investigates the feasibility of observing bulk magnetic domain structure using polarized neutron imaging and tomography. Polarized neutrons are advantageous for studying internal magnetic structure because they penetrate materials, and their spin-polarizations are sensitive to magnetic fields. This study experimentally tested the depolarization of neutrons in five different materials with known magnetic order using PONTO, an instrument at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (Germany) that uses a polarization-sensitive filter and analyzer to measure neutron depolarization in magnetic samples. Magnetic structure was observed when samples were subjected to magnetic fields to increase magnetization, and to cooling beneath the Curie temperature. Samples measured at zero field and room temperature randomly depolarized the neutron beam because their domains are smaller than the resolution of PONTO. Successful observation of magnetic effects indicates the promise of polarized neutron imaging for studying bulk magnetic domain structure; however, further development of imaging methods is necessary for understanding the connection between neutron depolarization and domain structure.
Alexandra R. Delmore.
S.B.

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Sun, Baoqing. "Three dimensional computational imaging with single-pixel detectors". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6127/.

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Computational imaging with single-pixel detectors utilises spatial correlation of light to obtain images. A series of structured illumination is generated using a spatial light modulator to encode the spatial information of an object. The encoded object images are recorded as total intensities with no spatial information by a single-pixel detector. These intensities are then sent to correlate with their corresponding illumination structures to derive an image. This correlation imaging method was first recognised as a quantum imaging technique called ghost imaging (GI) in 1995. Quantum GI uses the spatial correlation of entangled photon pairs to form images and was later demonstrated also by using classical correlated light beams. In 2008, an adaptive classical GI system called computational GI which employed a spatial light modulator and a single-pixel detector was proposed. Since its proposal, this computational imaging technique received intensive interest for this potential application. The aim of the work in this thesis was to improve this new imaging technique into a more applicable stage. Our contribution mainly includes three aspects. First an advanced reconstruction algorithm called normalised ghost imaging was developed to improve the correlation efficiency. By normalising the object intensity with a reference beam, the reconstruction single-to-noise ratio can be increased, especially for a more transmissive object. In the second work, a computational imaging scheme adapted from computational GI was designed by using a digital light projector for structured illumination. Compared to a conventional computational GI system, the adaptive system improved the reconstruction efficiency significantly. And for the first time, correlation imaging using structured illumination and single-pixel detection was able to image a 3 dimensional reflective object with reasonable details. By using several single-pixel detectors, the system was able to retrieve the 3 dimensional profile of the object. In the last work, effort was devoted to increase the reconstruction speed of the single-pixel imaging technique, and a fast computational imaging system was built up to generate real-time single-pixel videos.

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Schurch, Brandt Roger. "Three-dimensional imaging and analysis of electrical trees". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/threedimensional-imaging-and-analysis-of-electrical-trees(73e032f6-3e6b-4ee9-9cc1-953a11f36cb3).html.

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Electrical trees are micrometre-size tubular channels of degradation in high voltage polymeric insulation, a precursor to failure of electrical power plant. Hence, electrical trees critically affect the reliability of power systems and the performance of new insulation designs. Imaging laboratory-grown electrical trees has been an important tool for studying how trees develop. Commonly, electrical trees prepared in transparent or translucent polymers are imaged using traditional optical methods. Consequently, most of the analysis has been based on two-dimensional (2D) images of trees, thus, valuable information may be lost. However, electrical trees are complex interconnected structures that require a tree-dimensional (3D) approach for more complete analysis. This thesis investigates a method for imaging and analysis of electrical trees to characterise their 3D structure and provide a platform for further modelling. Laboratory created electrical trees were imaged using X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) and Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBFSEM), 3D imaging techniques that provide sub-micrometre spatial resolution. Virtual replicas of the trees, which are the 3D geometrical models representing the real electrical trees, were generated and new indices to characterise the 3D structure of electrical trees were developed. These parameters were indicative of differences in tree growth and thus, they can be used to investigate patterns and classify the structure of electrical trees. The progression of the tree was analysed using cross-sections of the tree that are orthogonal to the growth: the number of tree channels and area covered by them were measured. The fractal dimension of the tree was calculated from the 3D model and from the 2D projections, the latter being lower for all the tree-type structures studied. Parameters from the skeleton of the tree such as number of nodes, segment length, tortuosity and branch angle were measured. Most of the mean segment lengths ranged 6-13 µm, which is in accordance to the 10µm proposed by various tree-growth models. The capabilities of XCT and SBFSEM imaging techniques were evaluated in their application to electrical trees. Bush and branch trees, including early-growth electrical trees (of length 20-40 µm), were analysed and compared using the comprehensive tool of visualisation and characterisation developed. A two-stage tree-growth experiment was conducted to analyse the progression and development of tree branches using XCT: tree channels after the second stage of growth were wider than after the first, while the fractal dimension remained the same. The capabilities of XCT and SBFSEM were tested for imaging electrical trees in optically-opaque materials such as micro and nano-filled epoxy compounds. The general structure of trees in epoxy filled up to 20 wt% micro-silica was observed using both techniques. The use of a virtual replica as the 3D geometrical model for the simulation of the electric field distribution using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was preliminary explored. A combination of the imaging techniques is proposed for a more complete structural analysis of trees. It is believed that a great impact towards understanding electrical treeing will be achieved using the 3D technical platform developed in this thesis.

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GHISLANZONI, L. T. HUANCA. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL DENTAL IMAGING THROUGH VIRTUAL STUDY MODELS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/217618.

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This thesis was conceived as a paper series analyzing the topic of three-dimensional dental imaging through virtual study models. The aim of the thesis was to explore some of the new possibilities of use of three-dimensional virtual study models as a modern diagnostic and research tool. At the time of writing the thesis chapter 2 to 5 have been adapted as papers and submitted to orthodontic journals for approval. An abstract of each paper is presented here after, while in chapters 2 to 5 the details of each study are described. In chapter 6 general conclusions are presented, while in chapter 7 references for all the papers are reported.

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Hazey, Michael A. "Sensitivity comparison evaluation of computer-generated three dimensional surface topography to conventional maxillofacial radiographic imagery". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4481.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 220 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-74).

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Tiddeman, Bernard. "Three-dimensional morphanalysis of the face". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/633.

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MENEZES, M. DE. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL FACIAL ANTHROPOMETRY". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150157.

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The use of 3D surface technology is progressively increasing in health clinics and research centers. Methods of capturing 3D facial surface may obtain more imaging information providing a reliable and fast analysis. Stereophotogrammetry is a promising method of soft-tissue evaluation that allows reliable analysis of craniofacial deformities, providing fundamental parameters to plan and evaluate dental treatments and maxillofacial surgery, so improving the multi-disciplinary and multi-species studies of genotype–phenotype correlations through simple and precise measurements. In the current study, photogrammetry/stereophotogrammetry systems were used to evaluate soft-tissue facial morphology and dental casts. Three-dimensional images were collected and rebuilt in 3D, using software for rendering images to establish, analyze and compare morphology features of craniofacial structures, and to assess the usage and limitations of these devices. The use and investigation of this system were divided in 4 studies: 1) A photographic system for the three-dimensional study of facial morphology; 2) Accuracy and reproducibility of a 3D stereophotogrammetry imaging system; 3) Digital dental cast placement in 3-dimensional, full-face reconstruction: A technical evaluation and 4) Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (UCLP): a 3D evaluation. The current studies found the used 3D image systems both accurate and repeatable. The 3D devices and the methods analyzed in these studies could therefore be usefully used for clinical analysis in maxillofacial, plastic and esthetic surgery, as well as in all dental fields. The 3D stereophotogrammetric systems have several advantages over direct anthropometry and gradually are becoming into more accessible cost, replacing classical methods to quantify surface topography.

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Chikkabel, Archana. "Visualizing biochemical networks with Netview". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4234.

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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 21, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Lundström, Claes. "Efficient medical volume visualization : an approach based on domain knowledge /". Norrköping : Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9561.

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Bennett, Stuart Charles. "Three-dimensional reconstruction outside of the laboratory". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708326.

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Morgan, David J. "Algorithmic approaches to finding cover in three-dimensional, virtual environments". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FMorgan.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Christian J. Darken, Joseph A. Sullivan. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92). Also available online.

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Lu, Jia Wei. "Clustering-based force-directed algorithms for three-dimensional graph visualization". Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3950626.

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Wallis, Derek Allan. "Development of a simple three dimensional imaging sonar system". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262304.

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Docurro, Manuel J. "Three-dimensional autostereoscopic imaging by computer based holography techniques". FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3069.

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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the potential of computer based holography as a means to create autostereoscopic three-dimensional images. The methodology involved research into human three dimensional image perception and the applications of holographic techniques, both conventional and computer based, for achieving threedimensional displays. As part of the research, a physical holography laboratory setup was established, and experimental findings served to validate this approach for threedimensional image visualization. Optical holography experiments were carried out to link the theoretical premise to the practical implementations. The realized computer based approach involved a holographic stereogram technique whereby multiple two dimensional digital images are combined to form a three-dimensional holographic image. The conclusions drawn from the study include a determination of which computer based holography techniques are suited for particular applications, as well as an assessment of the current limitations and challenges experienced in the current technology.

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Satija, Aman. "Development of a high speed three-dimensional flow visualization technique". Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Theses/SATIJA_AMAN_1.pdf.

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Forman, Matthew Charles. "Compression of integral three-dimensional television pictures". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391733.

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Schilling, Bradley Wade Jr. "Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Microscopy by Optical Scanning Holography". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29829.

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As three-dimensional (3D) imaging and fluorescence techniques become standard in optical microscopy, novel approaches to 3D fluorescence microscopy are emerging. One such approach is based on the incoherent holography technique called optical scanning holography (OSH). The main advantage of OSH-based microscopy is that only a single two-dimensional (2D) scan is required to record 3D information, whereas most current 3D microscopes rely on sectioning techniques. To acquire a 3D representation of an object, current microscopes must physically scan the specimen in a series of 2D sections along the z-axis. In order to record holograms by OSH, the fluorescent specimen is scanned with an optically heterodyned laser field consisting of a Fresnel zone pattern. A unique acousto-optic modulator configuration is employed to generate a suitable heterodyne frequency for excitation of the fluorescent object. The optical response of a solution containing a high concentration of 15 um fluorescent latex beads to this type of excitation field has been recorded. In addition, holograms of the same beads have been recorded and reconstructed. To demonstrate the 3D imaging capability of the technique, the hologram includes beads with longitudinal separation of about 2 mm. A detailed comparison of 3D fluorescence microscopy by OSH and the confocal approach was conducted. Areas for comparison were 3D image acquisition time, resolution limits and photobleaching. The analysis shows that an optimized OSH-based fluorescence microscope can offer improved image acquisition time with equal lateral resolution, but with degraded longitudinal resolution when compared to confocal scanning optical microscopy (CSOM). For the photobleaching investigation, the parameter of concern is the fluence received by the specimen during excitation, which takes into account both the irradiance level and the time of illumination. Both peak and average fluence levels are addressed in the comparison. The analysis shows that during a 3D image acquisition, the OSH system will deliver lower peak fluence but higher average fluence levels to the specimen when compared to CSOM.
Ph. D.

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39

Pagoulatos, Nikolaos. "Algorithms and systems for registration of two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound images /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6035.

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Metherall, Peter. "Three dimensional electrical impedance tomography of the human thorax". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286910.

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Goltsman, Alexander Mark. "Three Dimensional Interferometric Imaging at Terahertz Frequency for Concealed Object Detection". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36351.

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This project was born out of the work performed by a group of researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) [1] [2] [3] working on interferometric imaging with a spiral array. Their investigation stopped at two dimensional imaging with a two dimensional array. In this thesis, their idea was developed further into the significantly more complex imaging with a three dimensional array. The general design of the NJIT [1] [2] [3] experiment was reproduced, studied, and modified in a manner that was theorized to enhance the experiment with the added ability to perform three dimensional imaging. The NJIT team [1] [2] [3] has developed their experiment to where they were able to accurately perform two dimensional imaging of two sources of equal intensity located at different distances from a spiral array. In this thesis, the equations used for two dimensional imaging are extrapolated into a three dimensional array application. This three dimensional imaging concept is simulated with MATLAB and the results presented and compared to the NJIT experimental results. [1] [2] [3] A proof of concept physical experiment is conducted and the results are compared to the MATLAB simulation. The results show that additional spatial information can be obtained from a three dimensional array that can enhance the information gleaned from images.
Master of Science

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42

Dance, Linda Kaye. "A three-dimensional modeling approach to Petri network design and modeling". [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 2001. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2001/ank7098/dance.pdf.

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Thesis (M.E.)--University of Florida, 2001.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 103 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. .Avi file containing movie (referred to in abstract) is missing. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-102).

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Wang, Lu, i 王璐. "Three-dimensional model based human detection and tracking in crowded scenes". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46587421.

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Jong, Jing-Ming. "Organ volume estimation from magnetic sensor based 3D ultrasound data : application in gastric emptying /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6003.

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Yang, Fang, i 杨芳. "Application of three-dimensional ultrasonography in obstetrics". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196083.

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Three-dimensional (3D) sonography is regarded as a further development of ultrasound imaging technology and its application has greatly increased in recent years. This thesis summarizes the original research findings of the application of 3D ultrasonography for biometry measurement, morphology screening, prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities, ultrasound training and the application of 3D volumetry in the early diagnosis of homozygous α-thalassemia and birth weight prediction in term pregnancy. In a study involving 50 singleton pregnancies at 17-34 weeks' gestation, fetal biometric measurements obtained by an inexperienced operator using both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D ultrasound were reproducible and showed good agreement with those obtained by an experienced operator (all intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥ 0.991). The use of 3D ultrasound by an inexperienced operator allowed faster measurement of fetal biometric parameters than the use of 2D ultrasound, and also seemed to facilitate the acquisition of higher-quality images for the measurement of abdominal circumference. In basic central nervous system and cardiac screening examination, for the inexperienced operator, 3D/four-dimensional(4D) volume acquisition yielded a quicker but less optimal anatomic examination of the fetal central nervous system and heart structures compared to 2D. The diagnostic accuracy of 3D ultrasonography in central nervous system abnormalities was also investigated. The results illustrated that 3D agreed with 2D ultrasonography in the prenatal diagnosis of intracranial malformations. Homozygous α0-thalassemia is very common in South-east Asia and its prenatal diagnosis is essential due to increased fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. Placental volume/CRL quotient measured by 3D volumetry was significantly higher in pregnancies with α0-thalassemia major cases, and 1.49 may be regarded as a cut-off for early prediction of α0-thalassemia major. In a cross-sectional study of 290 Hong Kong Chinese women with a singleton pregnancy at 37-42 weeks of gestation, the birth weight prediction models based on 3D thigh volume and conventional 2D biometric measurements were developed. It was found that with 3D thigh model, the precision of birth weight prediction to within 5 and 10% of actual birth weight in a Chinese population at term gestation could be achieved. Previous studies have shown that there is a difference in the learning curve of fetal biometry measurement by 2D ultrasound among trainees. Whether there is any difference in the learning curve between 2D and 3D ultrasound is unknown. The study included three trainees and each of them performed 90 scans in biometry measurements. By using cumulative sum analysis graphs, it could be shown that there was no difference in the learning curve between 2D and 3D ultrasound. In conclusion, the above studies have demonstrated that the use of 3D ultrasound has diversified and provided much additional information in selected indications.
published_or_final_version
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Ferguson, Bradley Stuart. "Three dimensional T-Ray inspection systems /". Title page, Table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf3521.pdf.

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Stazyk, Michael Walter. "Radon Transform in three dimensional image reconstruction from projections". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28726.

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This thesis presents an algorithm for image reconstruction from projections intended for use in a new class of volume imaging PET scanners. The algorithm is based on the inversion of the three dimensional Radon Transform as it applies to the truncated cylindrical detector geometry and is derived from the X-ray Transform inversion given by the Orlov recovery operator. The algorithm is tested using Monte Carlo simulations of several phantom geometries and employs a single iterative step to include all detected events in the reconstruction. The reconstructed images are good representations of the original objects, however the iterative step is a source of some significant artefacts in the images. Also discussed is the extension of the Radon Transform technique to a non-iterative method for three dimensional image reconstruction using all detected events.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate

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Quartararo, John David. "Semi-automated segmentation of 3D medical ultrasound images". Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-020509-161314/.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: 3d ultrasound; ultrasound; image processing; image segmentation; 3d image segmentation; medical imaging Includes bibliographical references (p.142-148).

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Cai, Hongmin. "Quality enhancement and segmentation for biomedical images". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39380130.

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Cai, Hongmin, i 蔡宏民. "Quality enhancement and segmentation for biomedical images". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39380130.

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